法律文体的翻译

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法律英语翻译介绍

法律英语翻译介绍

Existing problems
滥用 “shall”
1. 如乙方有违反本合同的行为,…… 译一:If Party B shall commit any material breach of this Contract, … 译二: If Party B commits any breach of this contract, …
Infant:在法律上是指21岁或18岁以下的人 Demise:在日常英语中有许多意思,如死亡、终止、失败、
职位的丧失等 在法律上,它专指财产的转让,或称让渡,或遗赠, 如指死亡亦是专指引起财产或权力转让的死亡
每一个法律术语只能表达一个特定的 法律概念。法律术语的词义必须单一而固 定。任何人在任何情况下必须对其有同一 的解释。不仅法律专门术语要求词义单一, 由民族共同语转化而来的法律词汇也必须 表达单一的法律概念。有些民族共同语属 于多义词,但是其中一个义项在法律语境 中有特定的法律含义,这种法律词汇也被 称为人工法律术语。例如“ assignment” 在 法律语境下表示“权利或财产的转让”, 而不表示在日常用语中的“任务”的含义, “ deed” 不是日常所说的“行为”而是指法 律中的“契约”。
• shall的使用
在法律文体中,shall具有特殊含义,表示 “应当承担的责任和义务”, 带有指令性和强制性, 充分体现了法律文件的权威性和约束性。可以 用于各种时态。Should在法律问题中,不表示 法律义务,只表示一般义务或道义上的义务, 一般译为应该或应当,
Examples
2. 如在解释上遇到分歧,应以英文本为准。 如在解释上遇在分歧,应以英文本为准。
Existing problems
滥用 “shall”
“shall” can be used to indicate that something is to be done if or when something else “shall” happen in the future. In drafting legal documents the use of “shall” in this way should be avoided.

法律英语翻译

法律英语翻译

若本协议签署之后,中国国家、省、市或地
方政府通过任何新的法律、法规、法令或条例,修 改或废除任何法律、法规、法令或条例的任何条款, 或对任何法律、法规、法令或条例给予不同的解释 或采取不同的实施方法,导致与本协议相冲突,或 对一方在本协议项下的经济利益造成实质性的不利 影响,受到影响的一方经书面通知另一方后,对方 应立即协商并决定是否
as per the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China;
or (ii) to effectuate necessary adjustments in order to preserve each Party’s economic benefit under this Agreement on a basis no less favorable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented.
立法文件(legislative documentation);
司法文件(judicial documentation);
律师文书(documents prepared by lawyers);
法律、法规、条例、规章; 判决、裁定;
合同、协议、律师意见、案例等 等。
“庄重的” (solemn); “刻板的” (rigid);
1.结构复杂的长句
If, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method or implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule,

法律文本翻译

法律文本翻译
如果本合同的条款或与本合同有关的执行文件,在合同签订以后, 根据适用的法律,任何方面被确定无效,(1)其他条款的有效 性不受影响,将继续完全有效,(2)那个无效的条款,由最接 近于表示该无效条款真正意图的有效条款来代替。
• 2. 句子结构复杂 • 英语法律文本的句子结构通常很复杂,一个句子就是一个
Assist (help) 帮助,
partake (take part) 参加,
render (give) 给予,
forthwith (immediately) 立即,
assign (transfer) 转让,
require (ask) 要求,
amend (revise) 修改
notify (inform) 通知,
在实施上述事项时,双方同意,保证人将按照甲方已经订立 的协议,或此后参照已经订立的协议可能订立的新协议所 明示或暗示的条款向乙方履行付款义务。根据本保证书, 保证人的付款义务不得解除,但本保证书里提出的付款义 务已充分履行的情况除外。
3. 英语法律文体中喜欢使用正式词语,不使用同样意义的其 他文本里常见的词语。 在英语法律文本中经常见如下正式词语:
刚才提到的 20. Thereon = on that thing just mentioned 就刚才提到的 21. Thereto = to that 对那,与那 22. Thereunder = in accordance with the thing mentioned 按照那
(文件)的规定
段落的情况比比皆是。
e.g.
As implementing the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that the Guarantor guarantees that the obligations will be paid to Party B in accordance with the terms and provisions of any agreement, expressed or implied, which has been or may hereafter be made or entered into by Party A in reference thereto. The obligations of the Guarantor hereunder shall not be discharged except by payment in full of the obligations as herein provided.

法律文体的翻译

法律文体的翻译

5. "例外(但书)"的翻译 1)……但《中华人民共和国婚姻法》规定禁止结婚的除 外. …, with the exception of those prohibited from marriage under the provisions of the "Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China". 2) 合营企业也可以按不超过营业额百分之五的比例缴 纳土地使用费,但须经市土地局核定. Joint-ventures may also, subject to approval by the Land Bureau, pay land use fee at a rate of not more than 5 percent of their turnover. 3) 除国家另有规定外,参照本条例执行. Unless otherwise provided for by the People's Republic of China, the present regulations shall apply.
法律文本的翻译要求
1. 用词精当 注意同义词在不同译文中的差别,保持词义在上下 文中的一致,使语句严谨,例如: Unless it is legally or physically impossible, the contractor shall execute and complete the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the contract to the satisfaction of the engineer. 除法律或外界条件不允许的情况之外,承包商应严 格按合同施工和竣工,并改正工作中的任何缺陷, 达到工程师满意的程度. 分析:"physical"在哲学上与"mental"相对,表示"物质 的","自然的".但如果译为"物质的"容易产 生歧义,可能与具体的物质材料联系起来.这里译 为"外界条件",即人为以外的条件.

7-法律英语翻译汇总

7-法律英语翻译汇总

在任一缔约国提出的保护发明的申请都可以 按照本条约规定提出国际申请。 Applications for the protection of inventions in any of the Contracting States may be filed as international applications under this Treaty.
• A:判断语,根据价值或事实所 作出的判断。 • Acquit • Calculate • Describe • Analyze • Estimate • Assess • characterize
• B:裁定语,表示赞成或反对某 事或某过程。 • Order • Command • Direct • Recommend • Appoint • Dismiss • Nominate • Declare • Announce • Warn • proclaim
• Unless otherwise provided for herein, failure or delay on the part of any party to exercise any right, power or privilege under this Agreement shall not operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege preclude further exercise thereof or exercise of any other right, power or privilege.
语言明确,2)条理清晰,3)行文严谨,4)符合规 范格式。

浅析公文翻译笔译 宋友开 汪慧兰)

浅析公文翻译笔译 宋友开 汪慧兰)
Frozen Style)
正式的英语书面语体,有些公文用的则是庄严文体(The

3、最好具有有关专业的必要知识
法律、军事、外交、行政及国际会议等都有一套专用的 公文习惯用语和术语,注意熟悉、积累、查询。
4、注意形式问题 原则是“客随主便”,以译文顺应原文,有助于反映原件的风貌。
汉语语体

现在 他,它;的;此,这 兹,现(副) 之(代、介、助词:影响之 到现在,到这一步 就这一点;关于这一点 深远) 至此(副) (现代汉语无对应词) 就此(介) 上面所说的,上面提到的 我们这个(组织) 谨(副)(表示谦恭之词) 稍微(比……稍微高一点) 上述(代、形) 很(很费解) 本(代:本组织) 不够(不够妥当) 略(副:略高于……) 不一定是;不一定不可以 “曾经”的否定式,现代汉 颇(副:颇为费解……) 语无对应词,相当于“过 欠(副:欠妥) 去没有发生过”


3、在从句前切断 A small unit was set up in the Association to prepare for an international conference on the problems already mentioned, which is to take place in Rome, in September 1981. 4、按意群切断
会议纪要的要素

主题 日期 时间 主持 地点 参加人员 列席人员 会议议题 会议前的准备
会议纪要翻译时的原则

功能对等(Functional equivalence)
交际目的(Communicative purpose) 准确性与语义模糊(accuracy and fuzzy semantic )

非文学翻译基础知识

非文学翻译基础知识

一、导论(一)翻译是什么?翻译过程即语言编码和解码的过程。

原文作者将讯息符号化,以符号的形式(文字或图形等)呈现给理解者(读者或译者)这个过程就是编码;而理解者把符号形式转换成讯息的过程就是解码。

翻译好坏的评判标准在于:译文能否把原文所包含的讯息全部解析出来并呈现给读者。

(二)翻译的分类1.语内翻译:同一种语言间不同语言变体之间的转换过程。

(古文—现代文)2.语际翻译:是指两种语言之间的翻译。

3.符际翻译:非语言符号系统与语言符号之间的转换过程。

(读取标识)二、翻译工具(一)计算机辅助翻译工具机器翻译、翻译记忆、术语库、语料库、百科全书、在线词典、搜索引擎、专业资料等(二)网络在线/辅助翻译依托于强大的网络,在线翻译的翻译速度更快、新词和生僻词收录量更大,并且可以实现多语种互译,唯一的缺点是翻译质量不高。

三、广告翻译思考题旅游文体翻译和广告文体翻译有何不同?思考题:新闻与广告在文体特征上有什么区别?(一)广告文体含义广告类文本是一种典型的实用文体,重功能轻意义,重目的轻形式。

(二)书面广告构成形式一则完整的书面广告通常由四个部分构成:标题、正文、口号、插图。

但是由于广告种类不同,文体特点不尽相同,语言形式不尽相同。

因此构成形式并非都采用完整形式。

(三)文体特点遵循AIDA原则,即ATTENTION引起注意→INTEREST激发兴趣→DESIRE刺激需求→ACTION采取行动。

主要有三大特征:(1)主题突出,针对性强广告必须要根据市场需求和针对相应的消费者群体,突出商品别具一格的特性和优势。

(2)语言表达新颖别致只有别致的语言才会吸引消费者的注意力,激发兴趣,使之过目不忘,印象深刻。

(3)语言富有感染力广告必须运用各种修辞手段,融入情感因素,引起人们的共鸣,产生感染力,拉近与消费者的距离,达到推销商品的目的。

(四)英语广告的文体特点(1)用词简单、创新拼写(2)经常使用缩略语和复合词(3)书面语与口语平分天下(4)经常使用动词、褒义形容词(5)句法上多用简单句、少用否定句(6)多用并列句、祈使句(7)多用主动语态、疑问句(8)多用现在时态(9)经常巧妙地使用各种修辞手段(五)中文广告的文体特点(1)用词简洁,多用四字结构词语(2)经常使用动词、褒义形容词(3)经常套用诗词,偏爱对偶和押韵等(4)书面语与口语并存(5)句法上多用散句、少用复合句(6)多用并列句、省略句和祈使句(7)经常巧妙地使用各种修辞手段(六)广告文体的翻译原则翻译广告时,首先充分理解广告的语义,然后依照广告的功用,借鉴汉语广告文体特征构建新的汉语文本。

法律英语翻译

法律英语翻译

若本协议签署之后,中国国家、省、市或地 方政府通过任何新的法律、法规、法令或条例,修 改或废除任何法律、法规、法令或条例的任何条款, 或对任何法律、法规、法令或条例给予不同的解释 或采取不同的实施方法,导致与本协议相冲突,或 对一方在本协议项下的经济利益造成实质性的不利 影响,受到影响的一方经书面通知另一方后,对方 应立即协商并决定是否
1.结构复杂的长句
If, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method or implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule,
8. 大量使用累赘词以表达单一的 法律概念


assign or transfer 转让 Remise, release, and forever discharge 让渡; 放弃 acknowledge and confess 承认 terms and conditions 条款 null and void 无效;失效
or (ii) to effectuate necessary adjustments in order to preserve each Party‟s economic benefit under this Agreement on a basis no less favorable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented.
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“应当做……”与“有权做” 有权做 应当做 • may do • shall do • be required to do • shall/will have the right to do • shall be liable for • (shall) reserve the right • be under the to do obligation to do • (shall) be obliged to • be entitled to do/sth • be authorized/have the do authority to do • it is one’s obligation to do
特殊词语
•provided; provided that; however •notwithstanding = in spite of/despite •upon = as soon as: upon request; upon the
occurrence of …
赘言 couplets, triplets
依„„情况而定
•as the case may be/require; by reference
to the then existing facts and circumstances; •if applicable; if any; •whichever is later/earlier/lower/higher…; •… shall prevail
• by and between • terms and conditions • provisions and stipulations • covenants and agreements • licenses and permits • each and all/every • full and complete
theiray of February 2012 • aforesaid/aforementioned/foregoing • forthwith = immediately • to wit = that is to say • in lieu of = instead of (supersede = replace)
• 送达:dispatch, deliver, send, serve; 专人送达
personal delivery, courier service; 邮寄送达 delivery by post/mail; 特快专递送达express mail service, speed post; 传真送达 delivery by fax • 附件:annex (annexes), appendix (appendices), schedule (schedules), addendum (addenda), exhibit (exhibits), attachment (attachments) • 副本:(与原件original相对) counterpart, copy, duplicate, photocopy, carbon copy; hard copy 与 electronic copy相对
古旧状语
• nothing contained herein, • hereinafter referred to as Party A, provisions hereunder, • I hereby do solemnly depose and say • IN WITNESS WHEREOF, thestparties here to set
定义条款 定义部分开头概括句: • As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have respective meanings as set forth below: • The following terms as used in this Agreement shall have the meanings set forth in this Article: • For the purpose of this Contract, terms as contained herein shall have the meanings given below: • In this Agreement the following terms have the following meaning unless the context clearly requires otherwise:
状语位置常插入主谓之间
• 法律文体中状语位置灵活。 • 单一副词放在动词之前或之后;e.g. clearly • 并列副词置于动词之后;e.g. do sth directly
or indirectly / orally or in writing • 状语是短语或从句的,以放在主谓之间(助 动词之后)用逗号隔开为特色,也可防在谓 宾之间、句末或句首。e.g. at one’s expense, at liberty; at one’s option; within 30 days; if …
• 费用由谁负担: costs and expenses shall be
borne by sb; sth shall be the expense of sb; payment for sth shall be the responsibility of sb; sth shall be (due and) payable by A to B; cost shall be additional to sb; do sth with cost to sb; do sth at cost to sb; at one’s expense • 日期表达: (于某日)as of; dated(自某日起) as of/from; from; starting from; starting on; (截止某日)to/till (在某日之前;提前多少 日) prior to, no later than, on or before, prior to or before • 年龄:years of age (=years old); years of age and above/under
住所;地址
•place 地点 •address 地址 •principal place of business 主营业地 •domicile登记地址或住所地 •place of abode 住所地 •business premises 营业场所
特殊表达
• 除外条款: unless otherwise provided that;
第13讲
第13讲 法律文体的翻译
•法律法规 •商务合同
第13讲
例文解析 p141 《公司法》
用词正式
•According to in accordance with; in
conformity with •In order to with a view to doing; for the purpose of doing •根据/依照约定: subject to; pursuant to; in pursuance of; pertaining to; pertinent to; under; in accordance with; as per; as provided; as set forth; as stipulated; as set out; as contemplated; according to
分别定义条款 •“Net Profits and Net Losses” means/shall mean/shall have the meaning of the taxable income and loss of the Venture. •“Baht” or the abbreviation “Bht” refers/shall refer to the then lawful currency of the Kingdom of Thailand. •“Effective Date” shall be construed as the date of execution of the Contract.
except as otherwise agreed herein; otherwise than specifically indicated herein to the contrary; save as otherwise stipulated
• 具有宽泛含义的短语: including but not
limited to; without prejudice to; without limit the generality of the foregoing; as sb deems fit and proper; as deemed necessary by sb.
常用表达
•尽力做某事: use all reasonable endeavors
行为人有自行决定做某事的权利 • shall be at liberty to do/shall do sth at one’s option • The Seller shall, at his option, choose the best method, offering either complete or partial replacement or shall depreciate the equipment according to the state of the defect(s). The Buyer shall be at liberty to eliminate the defects himself at the Seller’s expenses after getting the written approval from the Seller.
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