The ideal educational pattern
认知诊断测验Q矩阵估计方法比较
认知诊断测验Q矩阵估计方法比较刘永;涂冬波【摘要】认知诊断以微观认知角度对被试做出准确评估与反馈的优势在心理与教育测量领域展现出巨大发展潜力，但要利用这种优势就必须确保Q矩阵的合理性。
研究表明错误界定的Q矩阵会严重影响模型参数估计和被试分类准确性。
本文从参数化与否出发介绍6种基于被试作答反应的Q矩阵估计方法的基本思想、实现步骤及应用情况，总结这些方法的特点并展望未来研究方向，为认知诊断研究及应用提供借鉴和基础。
%Cognitive Diagnosis Assessment(CDA)has become a huge developing potential in fields of educational and psychological measurement with advantages which could make accurate evaluation and feedback of participants from the view of microscopic cognition. However, it is necessary to ensure the rationality of the constructed test Q-matrix which indicates the set of skills that are required to answer a particularitem correctly, before taking these advantages. It is widely recognized that a misspecification of the Q-matrix can negatively affect the estimation of the model parameters, which may then result in the misclassification of examinees. From the perspective of the parameterized or not, we introduces the basic ideas, implementation steps and applications study of six methods, which are based on th e participants’response data. Last,four directions for future study are discussed to researchers and practitioners.【期刊名称】《中国考试》【年(卷),期】2015(000)005【总页数】11页(P53-63)【关键词】认知诊断测验;Q矩阵;Q矩阵界定;Q矩阵估计【作者】刘永;涂冬波【作者单位】江西师范大学心理学院南昌330022;江西师范大学心理学院南昌330022【正文语种】中文【中图分类】G4051 引言近年来，随着认知心理学、心理测量学和计算机技术的飞速发展，认知诊断以微观认知角度对被试做出准确评估与反馈的优势在心理与教育测量领域展现出巨大发展潜力。
ideal education英语作文
ideal education英语作文Education is the backbone of any society, shaping the minds and futures of its youth. The ideal education, in my perspective, is not merely about acquiring knowledge but about fostering a holistic growth of an individual. It is an integrated approach that encompasses academic excellence, personal development, and emotional well-being.Firstly, an ideal education system would prioritize critical thinking and analytical skills. Students should be encouraged to question, explore, and challenge assumptions, rather than simply memorizing facts. This fosters a culture of curiosity and innovation, essential for the ever-evolving world.Secondly, personal development is crucial. Ideal education should provide opportunities for students to explore their interests, talents, and passions. It should nurture their unique identities and prepare them to become responsible and ethical individuals. This includes fostering a growth mindset, resilience, and the ability to adapt to changing environments.Moreover, emotional well-being is an integral part of education. In an ideal system, students would be taught to manage their emotions, build healthy relationships, and cope with stress and anxiety. This would ensure that they not only excel academically but also thrive emotionally, leading to a more fulfilling life.Lastly, an ideal education system would be inclusive and equitable. It would provide equal opportunities to all students, regardless of their background, gender, or abilities. It would celebrate diversity and create an environment where everyone feels valued and motivated to achieve their full potential.In conclusion, the ideal education is one that fosters critical thinking, personal development, emotional well-being, and inclusivity. It is an ecosystem that nurtures the growth of the whole person, preparing them not just for academic success but for a fulfilling and meaningful life.中文译文：教育是任何社会的支柱，塑造着年轻人的思想和未来。
what is ideal education
What is ideal education?It is well-known that education is very important for a country’economic and politics. Because of a good education system, people can get very excellent knowledge, and their thought level can improve very quickly.But there are so many problems in the education system in China. And examination- oriented education system has governed decades of years. Because of the old education system, our students and teachers are always seeking for high mark and enrolment rate in order to make students enter into a very famous high school and a university. And the students are always paying attention to learn knowledge from books not taking part in activities. So they can not develop their integrated skills to adjust to the society.Now, I will describe my ideal education thoughts from the two points as follows:Firstly, the Elementary Education is the basic part in the whole education system. And Elementary Education is still affected by examination- oriented education system even though Ministry of Education has carried out a new education system that is Quality Oriented Education. But the school leaders and teachers don’t。
理想教育是什么英语作文
理想教育是什么英语作文Ideal education is a dynamic process that fosters creativity and critical thinking. It should encourage students to explore their interests and passions, rather than conforming to a rigid curriculum.In an ideal educational environment, teachers act as facilitators, guiding students on their learning journey and providing support when needed. They should inspire curiosity and a love of learning, rather than simply imparting information.Students in an ideal education system are encouraged to collaborate with their peers, developing important social skills and learning from each other's perspectives. This collaborative approach helps students to become well-rounded individuals who can thrive in a diverse and interconnected world.In addition to academic subjects, ideal educationshould also include a focus on emotional intelligence and mental well-being. Students should be taught how to manage stress, build resilience, and cultivate healthy relationships.Furthermore, ideal education should be accessible to all, regardless of background or ability. It should strive to create a level playing field for all students, providing support and resources to help them reach their full potential.Overall, ideal education is a transformative experience that empowers students to think critically, collaborate effectively, and navigate the complexities of the modern world. It is a holistic approach that values individuality, creativity, and personal growth.。
什么是理想的教育英语作文
The Ideal Education: A Blend of Knowledge,Skills, and ValuesEducation is the most powerful weapon which we can useto change the world. It is a process that shapes our minds, builds our character, and prepares us for the challenges of life. However, what constitutes ideal education remains a topic of debate. In my opinion, ideal education is a harmonious blend of acquiring knowledge, developing skills, and instilling values.First and foremost, knowledge is the foundation of education. It encompasses the acquisition of facts, principles, and theories across various subjects. Ideal education should provide a broad and balanced curriculumthat encourages students to explore different fields and disciplines. This not only broadens their horizons but also helps them develop a well-rounded understanding of the world. Knowledge also equips students with the tools and techniques they need to solve problems, make informed decisions, and contribute to society.Beyond knowledge, however, skills are equally important. Skills refer to the abilities and proficiencies thatstudents develop through practice and experience. Ideal education should provide opportunities for students toapply their knowledge in real-world situations, whether itis through lab experiments, field trips, or internships. This hands-on experience not only helps students巩固 their understanding of theoretical concepts but also preparesthem for the workforce and life beyond school. Skills such as communication, critical thinking, teamwork, and leadership are particularly crucial in today's interconnected and rapidly changing world.Finally, values play a crucial role in shaping the character of individuals and society. Values refer to the principles and beliefs that guide our actions and decisions. Ideal education should instill positive values such as respect, integrity, responsibility, and empathy. These values help students develop a strong moral compass that guides them throughout their lives. Values education also promotes social cohesion and harmony by fostering a senseof common purpose and belonging among students.In conclusion, ideal education is a comprehensive process that encompasses the acquisition of knowledge, thedevelopment of skills, and the instillation of values. Itis an education that not only prepares students for success in their careers but also helps them become responsible and contributing members of society. By providing a balanced curriculum, opportunities for hands-on learning, and afocus on values education, we can create an educationsystem that truly transforms individuals and society forthe better.**理想的教育：知识、技能与价值观的融合**教育是我们能够用来改变世界的最强大的武器。
我的理想大学教育英语作文
我的理想大学教育英语作文My Ideal University EducationAs I embark on my journey towards higher education, I have a clear vision of what my ideal university education should be. It is not just about acquiring knowledge and skills, but also about personal growth, intellectual stimulation, and the development of a global perspective.Firstly, my ideal university education should provide me with a broad range of courses and subjects. I believe that a diverse curriculum allows students to explore various fields of interest, making them more informed and versatile. From science and engineering to humanities and arts, I want to have the freedom to choose courses that interest me and help me grow as an individual.Secondly, my ideal university should foster a culture of innovation and creativity. This means providing students with the resources and opportunities to engage in research, projects, and other forms of creative expression. I believe that being part of an environment that encourages innovative thinking and experimentation will help me develop the skillsand mindset necessary for success in today's rapidly changing world.Furthermore, I value the importance of personal growth and development. My ideal university should provide opportunities for students to engage in extracurricular activities, such as clubs, sports, and volunteer work. These activities not only help students develop new skills and interests, but also allow them to meet people from different backgrounds and cultures, fostering a sense of inclusion and community.Moreover, I believe that university education should be a time of intellectual stimulation and critical thinking. I want to be challenged and pushed to think critically about the world and its problems. I want to engage with diverse perspectives and ideas, fostering a spirit of inquiry and curiosity.Finally, my ideal university education should cultivate a global perspective. In today's interconnected world, it is essential to have an understanding of different cultures and traditions. My university should provide opportunities for students to study abroad, engage with international students and faculty, and learn about global issues and challenges.In conclusion, my ideal university education is one that provides a broad range of courses, fosters a culture of innovation and creativity, values personal growth and development, stimulates intellectual inquiry, and cultivates a global perspective. I believe that such an education will not only help me achieve my academic goals, but also prepare me for success in a rapidly changing world.。
the ideal educational pattern
The ideal educational patternThe issue of which type of the school is the ideal educational pattern has attracted the public attention all over the world. Some people may hold a positive attitude to public school, while others argue that private school or even home school is a better choice. As far as I am concerned, despite several disadvantages, public school may seem to be the best solution.Firstly, studying in public school could enable students to learn more efficiently. Since students in public school could ask questions for their classmates conveniently, so they are supposed to solve problems with higher efficiency. On the contrary, students themselves who studying at home would not have enough opportunities to tackle tough assignments without doing team work, so in this way, it would decrease both their studying efficiency and interest in learning.Secondly, by studying in public school students could get access to advanced facilities and teachers of higher qualities. Because it is hard for an individual to afford wages of several teachers, so the quality of teaching of home school or private school would be a big concern. Admittedly, in public school teachers have to take care of too many students at the same time, so it is unrealistic for them to fully acknowledge each of their students. However, teachers could try to seek help from students’ parents in order to get to know their students.All in all, in spite of some disadvantages, students could learn more efficiently and enjoy the best qualities of teaching by studying in public school. So it seems to me that the public school is the ideal educational pattern.。
教育学名词
教育学名词作者：全国科学技术名词审定委员会来源：《中国科技术语》2012年第06期教育 education （1）广义指一切有目的地影响人的身心发展的社会实践活动。
（2）狭义指学校教育，即教育者根据一定的社会要求和受教育者的身心发展规律，有目的、有计划、有组织地对受教育者的身心施加影响，期望受教育者发生预期变化的活动。
教育学 pedagogy， education 以人类的教育活动为研究对象，归纳和总结教育实践经验，建构教育理论的立场、观点和方法、探索教育规律并解决教育问题的一门学科，属社会科学范畴。
教育学原理 principle of pedagogy 研究教育的一般性问题并以基本理论为其表现形式的教育学分支学科。
教育理论 education theory 经过逻辑论证和实践检验并以一系列概念、判断和规范为表达形式的教育知识体系。
教育思潮 educational thought 某一时期内反映特定哲学与社会立场、流传较广、影响较大的教育思想或主张。
批判教育学 critical pedagogy 20世纪70年代产生于欧美的教育学说，主张采用社会批判的理论和方法揭示教育的种种不合理现象，以达到重构教育与社会关系及教育内外秩序的目的。
实用主义教育学 pragmatist pedagogy 19世纪末产生于美国的教育学说，以杜威为代表，以实用主义哲学为理论基础，主张“教育即生活”“学校即社会”“儿童中心”以及“做中学”等观点。
马克思主义教育学 Marxist pedagogy 产生于19世纪末，以马克思主义基本原理为理论基础，以马克思主义经典作家关于教育问题的论述为基本内容，运用马克思主义基本立场、观点和方法研究教育现象和问题的教育学说。
教育理想 educational ideal 有关未来教育的合理想象和期望，一种追求完美教育境界的观念。
教育观 educational concept/view 对教育目的、教育价值、教育方法、教师、学生等教育基本问题的看法。
compare education system between china and the USA
• In the United States inspiring students is great important for teaching. In classroom teachers will specially put forward some inspiring questions for students. In such a teaching mode, the students in the classroom has a higher degree of freedom, and they can be ready to make their own doubt for teachers which made the teaching atmosphere lively and students’ vivid. This method of teaching helps to develop students abilities of independent thinking and solving problem, However, this approach has a high demand to teachers which easily lead to a decrease in teaching qunality and depth. • China's higher education pay more attention to the systematic study. When teaching the curriculum teachers should follow in accordance with certain teaching programs. Although students have certain interactive questions, but this question tend to be concentrated after the class, rather than in the classroom. It is the main mode that class are taught by teachers and students just listen to the records. This approach is conducive to help the students learn systemic knowledge, and classroom content is quite rich, but they have less sense of innovation.
英语作文（myidealeducation）
My ideal educationEducation is related to the past, the present and the future. The continuation of the race, the transmission of culture, and the development of the society all depend on education. In a word , there is no doubt that education is very significant to our human being.On the subject of ideal education, different people have different views. I’d like to sh are my own opinion about ideal education.When it comes to the ideal education ，I think we should take the purpose of education into consideration at first. As far as I can see, the aim of education is teaching people in order to make him be the one who he can and should be. The truth is that, in china ,because of the traditional exam-oriented education, our students and teachers blindly seek for high mark and enrolment rate in an effort to enter into a famous university ,so that the students are always paying attention to learn knowledge from books but not caring about their personality development ,which leads to most of them become "high marks morons" ,they didn’t gain integrated skills to adjust to the society. Even in college ,plenty of students major in subjects which they are not interested in. this is a big problem of education. Everyone is unique, everyone is born with exclusive features in his right position. Whether a person can realize his value or not hinges on education to a great extent. Therefore, in my opinion , ideal education should respect each student'spersonality, teach students in accordance with their aptitude so that every person's potential can be released in their maximum. Under this circumstances, should we perfect the education selection system and do our utmost to draw up plans which accord with the students’ individuality. We can no t only focus on students’ academic achievement, but also attach importance to their ability training and moral cultivation.What’s more, I think that ideal education should get justice among different people. That means students in impoverished mountainous area can share the same education resources as those in city,who have bright classroom with modern equipment, the broad playground, new materials, and the high quality teachers. In order to achieve this goal, our country should be in high gear to improve the education situation in remote areas .At least ,our government should increase the funds of education as much as possible. And everyone had better take social responsibility to make due contribution for education.All above is just idea,which stands for my own point. Anyway, we all hope that education in our country become more and more perfect .。
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The ideal educational pattern: pulic school, private school, or home school?
In the United States,it`s illegal that a school-age child do not attend school.But parents have the right to choose the form of education.They can choose to attend free public schools.Or choose to pay for private schools.They can even choose a home-school for their children as the form of education if the want.
In China,every school-age child has the rights and obligations of a nine-year compulsory education.Although there are free public schools,the private schools make many parents be crazy,for some reason such as the better teachers and environment.They spend more money to get their children to read those expensive private schools, elite schools。
So comes the question：which kind of the form of education is the most suitable way for the child?Some people think that it`s sufficient to read in public schools and it`s not necessary to spend more money to get their children in elite schools.But there also some other people who think that it`s important to give their the best education.Only in this way can they have more advantages in the future competition.In my opinion,that depends on the economic interests of parents and children`s hobby.If the parents can provide better learning conditions, and children can receive the form of education.I think it`s better to study in a private school.。