2015年南京师范大学考博英语真题--翻译
南京师范大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
南京师范大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Directions:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions1-5,choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question:What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher?Probably no two people would draw up exactly the same lists.But I think the following would be generally accepted.First,1)But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, melancholy,frigid,sarcastic,cynical,frustrated,and overbearing: I would say too,that it excludes all of dull or purely negative personality.Secondly,2）Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant-not,indeed,of what is wrong,but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce people,and again especially children,to make mistakes.Thirdly,3）This does not mean being a saint.It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths,and limitations,and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided.There is no contradiction in my going on to saythat a teacher should be a bit of an actor.That is part of the technique of teaching,which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act to enliven a lesson,correct a fault, or award praise.Children,especially young children,live in a world that is rather larger than life.On the other hand,4）He must be pretty resilient,teaching makes great demands on nervous energy.And he should be able to take in his stride the innumerable petty irritations any adult dealing with children has to endure.Finally,5）There are three principle objects of study:the subject,or subjects,which the teacher is teaching;the methods by which they can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching;and-by far the most important-the children,young people,or adults to whom they are to be taught.The cardinal principle of British education is education of the whole person,and that it is best acquired through full and active cooperation between two persons,the teacher and the learner.[A]it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy-in the literal meaning of that word;a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people.[B]a teacher must be capable of infinite patronee.This,I may say,is largely a matter of self-discipline and self-training, because none of us were born like that.[C]the teacher's personality should be pleasantly live andattractive.This does not rule out people who are physically plain, or even ugly,because many such have great personal charm.[D]A teacher must remain mentally alert,He must be quick to adapt himself to any situation,however improbable(they happen!)and able to improvise,if necessary at less than a moment’s notice[E]A teacher should be humorous sometimes like a best friend sitting down across from you in your living room having a chat about what's going on in your life.[F]I think a teacher should have the kind of mind,which always wants to go on learning.Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfect;there is always something more to learn about it.[G]I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest.答案及解析1）C。
2015年英语一真题翻译
2015年英语一真题翻译第一篇：2015年英语一真题翻译2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section IUse of English 尽管没有血缘关系，但朋友之间的遗传关系与第四代表亲相同，有1%的相同基因。
这是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学出版在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究所得出的结论。
这项研究是比较了多组无血缘关系的朋友和无血缘关系的陌生人，在1932个实验对象身上所做的基因组分析。
同一批人用在了两组样本里。
尽管这1%的相同基因可能毫无意义，但对基因学家来说却并非如此。
正如加州大学圣地亚哥分校的医学基因学教授James Fowler说的：“大多数人根本不认识他们的第四代表亲，却在冥冥之中成功选择与我们血缘相近的人作朋友。
”〖HJ〗研究还发现朋友之间还有部分相同的嗅觉基因但免疫基因是不同的。
目前为止，嗅觉基因为何存在相似性很难解释。
或许，正如研究团队说的那样，相似之处把我们吸引到一个相似的环境中，而在相似的环境中有更多相似点。
有很多机制共同作用促使我们选择有着相同基因的人做朋友，而不是以“功能性亲属关系”选择能带来利益的人做朋友。
研究值得一提的一项发现是相似基因似乎比其他基因进化的要快。
研究这项发现有助于理解为何人类在过去的30000年进化速度在加快，社会环境是主要的促进因素。
研究者说这些发现不仅仅解释了人类与具有相似种族背景的人做朋友的趋势。
尽管所有研究对象都是从有欧洲血统的人中挑选，但还是要保证所有实验对象，包括朋友和陌生人都是从相同的人群中选出。
Section IIReading Comprehension Part AText 西班牙国王胡安·卡洛斯曾说“国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中”。
但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安·卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。
如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。
2015年考研英语(二)翻译原文
2015年考研英语（二）翻译原文What a simple cognitive bias teaches about how to live our lives.Here’s a common experience for motorists: you are driving somewhere new and you’re late.As you drive down unfamiliar roads it seems that everything is conspiring against you: other cars, the road-layout, the traffic lights and even suicidal cyclists. You know it’s only a few more miles, but it seems to be taking for-e-e-e-e-e-ever.Psychologically there are all sorts of things going on to make the journey seem longer than it really is, but let’s just isolate one of those: the unfamiliarity of the route.Unknown routes peak our curiosity; they are filled with new names, landscapes and landmarks, all of which attract the interest. The fact that our attention is engaged with all this newness has a subtle effect on how much time we think has passed.To see why, let’s take the opposite perspective for a moment.Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home.Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual (真题中改写为lose concentration on the)driving and pay little attention tothe passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The corollary is that unfamiliar routes seem to take longer.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly.And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey wellbecause we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was proportionately shorter.虽然有突破口、也有规律可循，但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧，要知道，想要精通世界上任何一门语言，除非有天生的语言天分，否则偷不得半分懒，只能勤勤恳恳反复练习。
南师大15真题
翻译基础1．NATO2．GPS3．IMF4．PBOC5．GMT6．CBD7．APEC8．IPO9．UNESCO10．OPEC11．Break a butterfly on the wheel12．Corporate income tax13．Opportunity cost14．There is no smoke without fire15．Talk of the devil and he comes16．国内机场17．以人为本18．土豆泥19．清洁能源20．老龄化人口21．与时俱进22．军备竞赛23．国际援助24．物以类聚，人以群分25．有其父必有其子26．AA制27．航站楼28．凡人皆有得意时29．五环路30．一个中国原则Of the fruits of the year I give my vote to the orange.In the first place it is a perennial --- if not in actual fact, at least in the green grocer’s shop. On the days when dessert is a name given to a handful of chocolates and a little preserved ginger, when macedoine de fruits is the title best owed on two prunes and a piece of rhubarbs, then the orange, however sour,comes nobly to the rescue;and on those other days of plenty when cherries and strawberries and raspberries and gooseberries riot together upon the table, the orange, sweeter than ever, is still there to hold its own. Bread and butter,beef and mutton, eggs and bacon, are not more necessary to an ordered existence than the orange.It is well that the commonest fruit should be also the best. Of the virtues of the orangeI have not room fully to speak. It has properties of health giving, as that it curesinfluenza and establishes the complexion. It is clean, for whoever handles it on its way to your table, but handles its outer covering,its top coat, which is left in the hall. It is round, and forms an excellent substitute with the young for a cricket ball. The pip can be flicked at your enemies, and quite a small piece of peel makes a slide for an old gentleman.But all this would count nothing had not the orange such delightful qualities of taste. I dare not let myself go upon this subject. I am a slave to its sweetness. I grudge every marriage in that it means a fresh supply of orange blossom, the promise of so much golden fruit cut short. However, the world must go on.参考译文：说起一年当中的水果，我认为最好的是橘子。
2015年江苏师大841、842英语写作与翻译真题答案
XX师X大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题参考答案要点解析841/842英语写作与翻译你看酒杯是半满而不是半空吗？你的眼睛是关注于炸面圈而不是那个洞吗？当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的力量时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。
迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉与大约15000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。
与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以与失败，它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。
位于休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。
〞“你的能力固然重要，〞匹兹堡的卡内基——梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说。
“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。
〞在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。
以你的工作为例。
宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都市人寿保险公司的推销员进行了广泛调查。
他们发现。
在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。
在新雇佣的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。
In a history that spans over 5000 years, China has contributed significantly to the progress of human civilization. But its course of national development has been an arduous one, especially in the 160 years and more since the Opium War in 1840, the Chinese people have fought courageously and unyieldingly to rid themselves of poverty and backwardness and to realize national rejuvenation, thus profoundly changing the destiny of China. 95 years ago, the Chinese people launched the Revolution of 1911 that overthrew the feudal autocracy which had ruled China for several thousand years and opened the door to China's progress. 57 years ago, the Chinese people succeeded in winning dependence and liberation after protracted and hard struggle and founded New China where people became their own masters. 28 years ago, the Chinese people embarked upon the historic drive of reform, opening-up and modernization and have made phenomenal progress through unremitting efforts. Between 1978 and 2005, China's GDP grew from ＄147.3 billion to ＄2.2257 trillion. Its import and export volumewent up from ＄20.6 billion to ＄1.4221 trillion and its foreign exchange reserve soared from ＄167 million to ＄818.9 billion. Duringthis period, the number of its poor rural population dropped from 250 million to 23 million. The above review of the profound changes in these 160 years shows one thing, namely, by carrying out persistent and hard struggle, the Chinese people have both changed their own destiny andadvanced the cause of human progress.阅读1.The definition depicts the meaning of alcoholism which is defined by the writer, therefore, it also conveys the writer’s attitude to it as well and we know it by the word “disease〞to feel the writer’s thoughts of it.As for the writer’s attitude, after a long detailed narration of alcoholism in the first paragraph, he points out that alcoholism is not only harmful to physical and mental health of the alcoholic but also to the alcoholic’s family, which has already express the writer’s attitude. Through the whole essay, we can further believe that the writer think alcoholism is very dangerous and harmful to everyone and he is full of hatred for alcoholism by his own experience.2.The introduction mainly talks about alcoholism and concludes the side effect of it by the last line, which just extracts his experience and feeling about it without abruption. The body paragraph develops smoothly on the basis of the introduction, especially the conclusion.3.The essay first introduces alcoholism by a large words. Then it draws forth his own experience and at last he realized that his father was in facta human persecuted by alcoholism. From the sequence, we can see that the essay goes forward gradually and it seems to develop by psychological time and logic sequence.4. From the whole essay, we can know that the writer hated alcoholism very much because his father was lost to alcoholism. Once his father drank, he could turn into a monster that the writer was hateful and scared. However, the writer seemed to understand his father’s sufferings and forgive him. He realized his father was also a victim of alcoholism. The writer’s thoughts changed as he became more mature. Here we see the end is actually the writer’s thoughts on his father from hatred to understanding. The end is full of narration and also expresses his emotion for his father.作文Reactions to DisappointmentAs we all know, not everything is going smoothly and everyone has undergone something bad to disappoint themselves. Different people have different reactions to disappointment. The optimistic will not be discouraged and fight again and again.Firstly, let’s see the reactions to disappointment from the point ofoptimists. We have to admit people’s first action to disappointment is always escaping including optimists. However, optimists will change their attitude and mind quickly so that nobody can notice it . For example, when the optimist can’t find a job they may firstly think of the reason why they can’t be employed and then adjust themselves to fight. They may believe that they are luck to be unemployed because there will be a good and suitable job for them. Optimists always keep their spirit high even they will sometimes doubt but they are still full of hope for life.However, pessimists show different way. They are subordinate to their instinct faced with the disappointment without fighting and than lose themselves to the irresistible pain. For instance, the story I have heard recently was about a person who had a chance to deliver a speech and he was excited and nervous all the times, especially on the stage. He made some mistakes and people present laughed again and again. Although he finally finished his speech, it was his first and last speech. It was not lack of chance to make a speech but it was he who can’t stand on the stage with courage. He was just beaten. His action to the disappoint of his first speech is only to escape and be addicted to his failure. Pessimists concentrate on disappointment just like a crown, only escaping and not recovering again.To conclude, people handle it with different actions, optimistic or pessimistic. However, disappointment is an experience that everyonemust undergo and the best way to face it is to smile and be optimistic.。
2015年南京师范大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷.doc
2015年南京师范大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：16.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.美国当地时间17日上午，非营利组织“大学生公平录取”向马萨诸塞州联邦巡回法庭提起诉讼，指控全球著名学府哈佛大学的录取政策存在“种族歧视”。
美国另一所知名大学北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校也因此被告上法庭。
该组织在起诉声明中称，哈佛大学录取新生时，通过人为限制亚裔学生的人数，提高其他族裔申请者录取率。
白人、拉丁裔和非洲裔申请者得到人为照顾，而许多更优秀的亚裔学生被拒之门外。
该行为违反最高法院 2013年的规定：终止“种族倾向”录取政策。
原告“大学生公平录取”组织还将这种“令人讨厌”的行为与20世纪初美国大学对犹太人的歧视进行类比。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我这次访问澳大利亚还有一个重要日程，就是出席在布里斯班举行的二十国集团领导人第九次峰会。
这个11月，中国和澳大利亚都是国际社会关注的焦点。
在亚太经合组织第二十二次领导人非正式会议期间，中国同澳大利亚及其他成员经济体一道，围绕“共建面向未来的亚太伙伴关系”主题，在推动区域经济一体化，促进经济创新发展、改革、增长，加强全方位基础设施和互联互通建设等方面取得积极成果。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.值此全球孔子学院建立10周年之际，我收到来自90个国家和地区286名孔子学院校长、院长的来信，并得知首个全球“孔子学院日”将在五大洲同时举行，感到非常高兴。
我谨向你们和孔子学院全体师生，表示热烈的祝贺和诚挚的问候!你们在来信中谈到，孔子学院是中国为世界和平与国际合作而不懈努力的象征，是连接中国人民和世界人民的纽带，并对孔子学院的光明未来充满信心。
2015南京师范大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练
2015南京师范大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior.The clock works all the time;even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time.The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open.It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly a way.And it tells animals when to eat，sleep and wake.It controls body temperature，the release of some hormones and even dreams.These natural daily events are circadian rhythms.Man has known about them for thousands of years.But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until1729. In that year French astronomer，Jean-Jacques d“Ortous de Mairan，noted that one of his plants opened it s leaves at the same time every morning，and closed them at the same time every night.The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the ter scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans.They learned that man”s biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25hours instead of the24hours on a man-made clock.About four years ago an American doctor，Eliot Weitzman，established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works.The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world.They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.Dr.Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by ageing and mental illness.The laboratory is inthe Monteflore Hospital in New York City.It has two living areas with three small rooms in each.The windows are covered，so no sunlight o r moonlight comes in.There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas.It contains computers，one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area.The instruments measure heartbeat，body temperature，hormones in the blood，other substances in the urine and brain waves during sleep.A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room24hours a day during an experiment.They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches，so the person in the experiment has no idea what time it is.In the first four years of research，Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed16men between the ages of21and80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six st month，a science reporter for“The New York Times”newspaper，Dava Sobol，became the first woman to take part in the experiment.She entered the laboratory on June13th and stayed for25days.Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time，which were published in the newspaper.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l iu jiu qi ba QQ:si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu）1、The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in ____.A、the regulation of body temperatureB、the secretion of hormonesC、animal reproductionD、many aspects of plant and animal physiology2、In his observation，the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles ____.A、even when it was kept in a murky place all dayB、even if it was placed in the moonlightC、even when he was observing it from a dark placeD、even during the night time3、The sentence“They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.”(In Paragraph4)probably means____.A、They can lead their daily lives according to their biological clocks，without referring to a man-made clock.B、They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of the biological clock and live close to them.C、They can live by regulating their own circadian rhythms.D、They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life.4、In the experiment conducted by Mr.Weitzman，the doctor who is on duty does not work the same time each day____.A、insgroupsto observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different timesB、so as not to be recognized by the peopleC、so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is whenhe starts workD、so as to leave the people“s circadian rhythms in disorder5、Miss Sobol left the laboratory____.A、on June13thB、on June25thC、at the end of JuneD、on July7thKeys to PassageD A A C D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
南师大考博英语
南师大考博英语Here is an essay on the topic "Nanjing Normal University Entrance Exam for Postgraduate Studies in English" with over 1000 words, written entirely in English without any additional title or punctuation marks in the main body.Nanjing Normal University, a renowned institution of higher education in China, has long been recognized for its academic excellence and commitment to nurturing talented individuals. The university's postgraduate entrance exam, particularly in the field of English, has become a coveted milestone for aspiring scholars and researchers. This examination not only tests the depth of one's knowledge but also evaluates the breadth of their linguistic abilities, making it a true testament to the aspirant's academic prowess.The Nanjing Normal University postgraduate entrance exam in English is a comprehensive assessment that covers a wide range of topics ranging from literature and linguistics to translation and pedagogy. Candidates are required to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the English language, its historical development, and its diverse applications in various academic and professional domains. The exam typically consists of multiple-choice questions,essay writing, and a rigorous oral interview, all designed to gauge the applicant's critical thinking skills, research potential, and communication proficiency.One of the key aspects of the Nanjing Normal University postgraduate entrance exam in English is the emphasis on literary analysis and interpretation. Candidates are often presented with excerpts from classic English literature and are expected to dissect the nuances of the text, identify the underlying themes, and articulate their interpretations with clarity and coherence. This component not only assesses the applicant's familiarity with the literary canon but also their ability to engage in close reading and analytical reasoning.In addition to literary analysis, the exam also delves into the realm of linguistics, testing the candidate's understanding of the structural, phonological, and semantic aspects of the English language. This section may include questions on language acquisition, sociolinguistics, and the evolution of the English language, challenging the applicants to demonstrate their theoretical knowledge and its practical applications.Another crucial aspect of the Nanjing Normal University postgraduate entrance exam in English is the translation component. Candidates are often required to translate passages from Chinese toEnglish and vice versa, showcasing their mastery of both languages and their ability to convey meaning accurately and idiomatically. This task not only evaluates the applicant's linguistic proficiency but also their cultural awareness and sensitivity, as effective translation requires a deep understanding of the nuances and conventions of both languages.The oral interview component of the exam is designed to assess the candidate's communication skills, their ability to articulate their ideas, and their overall academic potential. Applicants are typically asked to engage in discussions on a wide range of topics, from their research interests and academic experiences to their future goals and aspirations. This interaction allows the examination panel to gauge the applicant's critical thinking abilities, their ability to think on their feet, and their potential to contribute to the academic community at Nanjing Normal University.Preparing for the Nanjing Normal University postgraduate entrance exam in English requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach. Candidates must not only have a strong command of the English language but also a deep understanding of the academic and research landscape in their chosen field of study. This involves extensive reading, research, and practice in areas such as literary analysis, linguistic theory, translation techniques, and effective communication.Many aspiring scholars seek out specialized coaching and tutoring services to enhance their chances of success in this highly competitive examination. These support systems often provide targeted guidance on exam strategies, practice materials, and feedback on the candidate's performance, helping them to identify and address their weaknesses.Ultimately, the Nanjing Normal University postgraduate entrance exam in English is a testament to the university's commitment to excellence and its desire to attract the brightest minds to its academic community. For those who are successful in this rigorous examination, the rewards are manifold – the opportunity to pursue advanced studies at a prestigious institution, the chance to collaborate with renowned scholars and researchers, and the potential to make meaningful contributions to their respective fields of study.As the competition for postgraduate programs continues to intensify, the Nanjing Normal University entrance exam in English remains a coveted milestone for aspiring scholars and researchers. By demonstrating their mastery of the English language, their analytical prowess, and their research potential, candidates can unlock the doors to a world of academic and professional opportunities, pavingthe way for their future success and the advancement of knowledge in their chosen fields.。
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汉译英原题：
学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人的。
环境好，图书设备充足，有良师益友直到启发，当然有很大的帮助，但是这些条件具备，也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。
时间也有不少在学问上有成就的人，并不具备这些条件。
最重要的因素，还是个人自己的努力。
求学是一件苦难的事，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能得到成功。
参考译文：
Learing is one's own business, which cannot rely upon others. It will certainly be of great help, if there are good environments, sufficient books and equipment, as well as instructions and enlightments from scholarly mentors and beneficial friends. But even if you have got all these favorabl e conditions, you cannot be sure to succeed in l earning, for not a few peopl e who have been successful in l earning are not armed with all these things. The most important factor consists in one's own effort. To l earn is rather a painstaking and persevering business. Many a man is a failure because he cannot bear such indispensabl e hardships.
英译汉原题：
What I wish for all stud ents is some release from the grim grip of the future. I wish them a chance to enjoy each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a tiresome requirement in preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to l earn that d efeat is as educational as victory and is not the end of the world.
My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few rights that America d oes not proclaim is the right to fail. Achievement is the national god, worshipped in our media —the million-d ollar athlete, the wealthy executive — and gl orified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.
参考译文：
我希望于所有学生的是从未来的严酷无情中得到一些解脱.我希望他们有机会把他们每一阶段的教育纯粹作为一种经历来享受,而不是作为一种为下一步作准备的令人厌倦的需要.我希望他们有权利试验、跌跤,并懂得失败如同胜利一样具有教育意义,失败并不是世界的末日.当然,我的希望是天真的.在美国人不赞扬的为
数不多的权利之中,有一个便是失败的权利.成就是民族之神,它在我们的媒体中
受到崇拜—身价百万的运动员,富有的主管人员—在我们对财富的赞美中得到荣耀.年轻人就是在这样一种强有力的国教熏陶下长大的.。