专题11 非谓语动词(解析版)
专题11 非谓语动词【母题来源1】【2019 • 河南省中考】【母题原题】—Do you always get up so early?—Yes, _________ the first bus. My home is far away from school.A. catchB. to catchC. catchingD. caught【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：——你总是起床这么早吗？——是的，为了赶上早班车。
我家离学校很远。
动词不定式表示目的，故选B。
【母题来源2】【2019 • 黑龙江省哈尔滨市】【母题原题】Kids like reading stories which can make them _________.A. laughB. to laughC. laughing【答案】A【解析】句意：孩子们喜欢读故事，故事可以使他们开怀大笑。
短语make sb./sth. do sth.意为＂使……做某事＂，故动词用原形。
【母题来源3】【2019 • 湖南省岳阳市】【母题原题】People enjoy _________ zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival.A. eatB. eatingC. to eat【答案】B【解析】句意：端午节人们喜欢吃粽子。
enjoy doing sth.表示喜欢做某事。
故选B。
【母题来源4】【2019 •江苏省南京市】【母题原题】—Do you have any plans for the holiday?—Yes, I’m planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou. I’m looking f orward to _________ the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls.A. seeB. seeingC. seesD. saw【答案】B【解析】句意：——你有什么假期计划吗？——是的，我计划去九寨沟旅游。
我期待着看到色彩斑斓的湖泊和宁静的瀑布。
look forward to doing期待做某事。
故选B。
【母题来源5】【2019 • 天津市中考】【母题原题】The government is setting up nature parks _________ protect pandas.A. to helpB. helpC. helpedD. helps【答案】A【解答】句意：政府正在建立自然公园来帮助保护熊猫。
根据该空处在句中作目的状语，故填入动词不定式在句中作目的状语，故填入to help。
故选A。
【母题来源6】【2019 • 贵州省安顺市】【母题原题】—What time do you get up in the morning on school days?—I get up at 7:00 every morning to avoid _________ the early bus.A. missB. missedC. missingD. to miss【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语。
句意：——你上学的时候早上几点起床？——我每天早上7点起床以避免错过早班车。
短语avoid doing sth.：避免做某事，avoid是及物动词；结合句意可知missing；故选C。
【试题分析】【命题意图】非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。
从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。
所占分值通常为2～4分。
从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。
【考试方向】1. 动词不定式；2. 动名词；3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
构成：to + 动词原形动词不定式作用：作除谓语外的任何成分构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式分词作用：表、定、状、补构成：v.-ing动名词作用：主、宾、表、定【得分要点】考向一：不定式1. 动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。
常用句型有：①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。
作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember,forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise,begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。
it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。
I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。
作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。
常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage,reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。
作表语放在系动词后作表语。
My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。
2. 不定式的特殊用法①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。
此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。
变为被动语态时，省略的to 则要加上。
②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。
►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。
►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。
考向二：动名词（一）动名词的构成动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。
（二）动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：It is no use（good）+v.ing. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。
作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。
作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, giveup, cannot help, allow, imagine,include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, look forwardto, enjoy, be busy No matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。
作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。
（三）动名词的特殊用法即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有：love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等动词。
有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。
考向三：分词（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。
（二）分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。
The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。
作表语放在系动词后作表语The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态He could hear his heart beating fast.他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。
作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。
I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。
【母题1】【来源】【江苏省靖江市第三中学教育联盟2019届中考模拟】1. Can you hear Mary ________ when you pass her room?A. singB. singingC. to singD. sang【答案】B【解析】考查动词固定搭配。
专题11-语法选择解题技巧-2024届中考英语题型过关(解析版)
语法选择解题技巧① 人称代词1）主语用主格2）动词/介词后用宾格；3）空格后有名词，用形容词性物主代词，没有名词则用名词性物主代词；名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 具体的名词4）反身代词常考enjoy oneself / help yourself / dress oneself / teach oneself；5. 考形容词/副词① -ed是修饰人，-ing是修饰事物① 形容词修饰名词，副词（一般以ly 结尾）修饰动词，副词修饰形容词① 出现than, 用比较级① 出现as…. as 结构，用形容词/副词原级① one of + adj最高级+ n 复数6.考介词① 时间介词at: 用于具体时刻、节日前，例如：at 8:00，at Christmas. 固定搭配：at noon, at nightin: 用于世纪、年、季节、月份等不具体的时间前，例如：in 2011固定搭配：in the morning/afternoon/eveningon: 用于具体的某一天，或具体的早上、下午、晚上; 星期。
on the afternoon of May 5th on a cold day，on Monday/ Tuesday …for/since: 后面+一段时间，现在完成时的标志① 其它介词with:与...一起，和...；带着...，有...的；以(手段、材料)，用(工具)without: 没有。
by + 交通工具① 介词+ doing after/before doing; in doing ; for doing …7.考连词but/however：表示转折关系；(but后无逗号；however, 后须有逗号)so/therefore/thus：表示因果关系；or：或者、否则之意。
and：表示并列关系；though/although：表示虽然……但是，不能与but连用。
all：表示全部都，用于三者以上；none: 表示没有人，用于三者或三者以上（侧重指人，表否定）both...and：表示两者都；either...or：表示两者之一（选择）；neither...nor：表示两者中没有一个；either: 用于句末，表示两者的否定too: 用于句末，表示两者的肯定also: 用于句中，表示也8.考动词：一看：有无时态标志；单复数标志；二看：空格前有无情态动词（情态动词+do）、介词（介词+Ving）三看：并列结构；有无and/or （如有则观察and/or前或后的动词形式，答案选项的形式要与其保持一致）四看：固定搭配，如make/let sb do sth , see sb do/doing sth 等9.考被动语态被动语态：be (is/are/am/was/were) + done（过去分词）含有情态动词的被动语态：should/must/can/could/may/might……be done10. 考定语从句：跟在名词/代词后面，修饰名词/代词修饰人：who 修饰物：which11. 考宾语从句：跟在谓语后面三要素：① 引导词① 时态当主句为一般现在时时，从句可以为任何时态；当主句为一般过去时时，从句必须用过去时态；当从句为表示客观事实，真理时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时；① 语序：陈序语序12. 考词性-tion 一般为名词后缀separation, selection,-ness 一般为名词后缀calmness-ly 一般为副词后缀luckily, fortunately,-ful 一般为形容词后缀careful,-ing/-ed 一般为形容词后缀-ing形容的是物；-ed形容的是人13. 固定搭配pick up 捡起解题方法方法一:上下文推断法根据上下文的提示或暗示,体验语境和作者的情感态度,结合语法知识,选出符合场景的最佳选项。
专题 11 非谓语动词(解析版)
A. to watchB. watchC. watchesD. watching
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我的父母不允许我在上学日的晚上看电视。to watch动词不定式；watch观看，动词原形；watches第三人称单数形式；watching动名词形式。句中使用了句型allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，故应选A。
①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂。
To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。
此题如果学生分不清it isadj.for sb. to do sth.和it isadj.for sb. doing sth.，学生很容易误选B，to do表示有目的性，doing表示正在进行。此处表示在救那个老人之前，我们有必要拍些照片吗？故选D。
1.动词不定式的作用
句子成分
用法
例句
作主语
谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：
Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？
Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？
作状语
不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
2022年中考英语真题- 专题11 非谓语动词(全国通用)
专题11 非谓语动词（2022·天津·中考真题）1. The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.A. sellB. sellsC. soldD. to sell【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：这幅画对他来说真的很有价值。
他永远不会同意卖掉它。
考查非谓语动词。
agree to do sth.“同意做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。
故选D。
（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）2. Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!A. cuttingB. to cutC. gettingD. to get【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：男孩女孩们，祝你们好运，在新的征程上取得好成绩!考查非谓语。
wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事”，是固定短语，用不定式作宾补，故选D。
（2022·云南·中考真题）3. If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.A. improveB. improvedC. improvingD. to improve【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：如果你想提高你的发音，坚持每天练习。
考查非谓语动词。
want to do sth“想要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故选D。
（2022·重庆A卷·中考真题）4. Mr. Brown told his son not ________ the paintings in the museum.A. touchB. to touchC. touchingD. touched【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：布朗先生告诉他的儿子不要碰博物馆里的画。
高考英语知识清单 (强化版)-专题11 特殊句式 (解析版)
专题11 特殊句式（解析版）Part 1：知识点梳理1.倒装的必备条件及具体应用；2.省略的基本原则及用法；3.强调句的基本结构、句式及其与相似主从复合句的区别。
知识点1倒装1：完全倒装完全倒装here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调Out rushed the children.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood twotables and four chairs.强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡Present at the meeting were1,000 students.2：部分倒装部分倒装never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not until,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首Hardly did I know whathad happened.only和修饰的状语放于句首Only then did he realizethe importance of English.not only...but also...连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒Not only does he knowFrench,but also he is expert atit.neither...nor...连接并列的句子,前后都倒装Neither do I know it,nordo I care about it.so...that,such...that中的so或such及被修饰的成分放于句首时,主谓要倒装So busy is he that hecannot go on a holiday.as引导的让步状语Child as he is,he haslearned a lot.so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的He can play the piano.So人或事can I.May you be in good用于表示祝愿的祈使句中health!Were I you,I would not do 省略if的虚拟条件it in this way.知识点2 省略1. 不定式的省略(1)在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to，常见的词或结构有expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, glad, happy, pleased, delighted, have, need, ought, used, be going, be about, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready, be supposed等。
非谓语动词讲解(超全)
非谓语动词复习非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 to do b.现在分词/ 动名词doing c.过去分词done概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(有一个特殊情况：过去分词不具备名词性，所以补充当主语或宾语。
）非谓语动词使用条件：一个简单句中有且只有一个谓语动词一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词, 又没有连词的情况下, 应使用非谓语动词。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.所有的非谓语动词的否定都是在其前面加 NOT动词不定式一．动词不定式的变体动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。
不定式的形式有五种：主动被动一般式完成式进行式例如：I like to read English.例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.例如：The work is to be done soon.例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.二. 动词不定式的用法I.作主语To see is to believe． Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。
It is a great enjoyment to spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的）It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.II.作宾语接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail,manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford,wish等(2)it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting ． I find/feel it interesting to work with him．3. I feel it my duty to change all that. 2.We think it important to obeythe law.下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.A waitingB to waitingC waitD to be waitingBoys, don't forget ____ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to closeShe reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. restRemember ______ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(4)一般说来，介词后接动词通常应是动名词。
全国通用版中考英语语法满分复习策略专题十一 非谓语动词
第二部分语法专题突破专题十一非谓语动词一、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
方框中有两个词为多余项Group 1eat pronounce respect tell protect losekeep spend learn do value realize1. (2019无锡改编) ________ his lifelong dream, the young man went to Hollywood by himself, with only a few dollars in his pocket.2. (2020原创)Parents should tell their children not ________ unhealthy food. It’s bad for their health.3. (2020原创)—I have made little progress in my spoken English. I’m very worried about it.—How about reading English books every morning? Try ________ all the words again and again till you can say them correctly.4. (2020原创)I think today’s children should learn ________ and look after the elders, which is a part of traditional Chinese values.5. (2020原创)—Mum, I’d like ________ to paint, but I am already 15 now.—Come on, dear. It’s never too late to pick up a new hobby.6. (2020原创)The people who lost their lives ________ our country are great heroes and they are worth praising.7. (2020原创)In such dry weather, the flowers have to be watered from time to time ________ alive.8. (2020原创)No one can tell you what ________ in the future. It all depends on your interests and hard work.9. (2020原创)Collecting information is not a big deal today. The real challenge is how ________ whether the information is useful or not.10. (2020原创)His father bought that phone watch for him in order that the GPS in the watch helps him avoid ________ his way.Group 2mean keep help write visit sharecatch provide spend forget answer manage11. (2019河南改编)—Do you always get up so early?—Yes, ________ the first bus. My home is far away from school.12. (2019苏州改编)—Please stay with me this weekend.—I’m sorry, but my father and I planned ________ Beijing a long time ago.13. (2020原创)Do remember tha t it’s dangerous ________ your mobile phone while crossing the street.14. (2020原创)Life is like a story. ________ your story wonderful, you must never stop improving yourself.15. (2020原创)Our English teacher asked us ________ down the words on paper in order to remember them.16. (2020原创)Remember ________ your time wisely. Thus, you can make full use of the day to realize yourdreams.17. (2020原创)We students are often warned not ________ much time playing during the holiday. After all,learning is one of the most important tasks.18. (2020原创)It is our duty ________ the housework with our parents when we grow up, because they arealso busy with their work.19. (2020原创)Chinese parents are tired because they always try their best ________ a good educationenvironment for their kids.20. (2020原创)Don’t always ask others ________ you as soon as you have difficulties. You should think abouthow to overcome them carefully first.二、英汉互译21. (2019 宿迁改编)学校将举办多种活动来庆祝我们祖国的70周年华诞。
2024年高考真题和模拟题英语分类汇编：专题11 语法埴空 (解析版) (全国通用)
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【37题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
【65题详解】
2023年河南省人教新目标(Go for it)版中考英语二轮专题复习：专项11 非谓语动词
专项十一 非谓语动词
3．作宾语。表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作。如： I enjoy dancing.我喜欢跳舞。 4．作定语。位于被修饰词之前，表明被修饰词的用途、性质等。如： Let's decorate the living room.我们来装饰一下客厅吧。
专项十一 非谓语动词◆常见 Nhomakorabea后接动名词作宾语的动词(词组)
专项十一 非谓语动词
6．作状语。如： They went to see their aunt.他们去见他们的姑姑。
专项十一 非谓语动词
◆常见省略to的动词不定式 1．在使役动词have，make，let以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear， feel等后面作宾语补足语的不定式，在主动结构中不定式符号to要省略，但 变为被动结构时，要还原to。如： 主动结构：She saw a man rush into the building. 她看见一个男人冲进大楼。 被动结构：A man was seen to rush into the building.有人看见一个男人冲进 大楼。
专项十一 非谓语动词
知识拓展 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义不同的常见动词 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做) forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做) regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做)
专项十一 非谓语动词
consider doing sth.考虑做某事 imagine doing sth.想象做某事 enjoy doing sth.享受做某事 keep doing sth.坚持做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事
2021年中考英语真题分项汇编 11 非谓语动词 专题
2021年中考真题英语分项汇编1．（2021·湖南郴州市·中考真题）Many university graduates go to work in the countryside _____ villagers live a better life.A．to help B．helping C．help【答案】A【详解】句意：许多大学毕业生到农村去工作，为了帮助村民过上更好的生活。
考查非谓语动词。
to help动词不定式；helping动名词形式；help动词原形。
根据句意可知，空处在句中是作目的状语，应用动词不定式来表达，其构成形式为：to do。
故选A。
2．（2021·湖北鄂州市·中考真题）—What did the teacher say just now?—He told us _____ in the river.A．swim B．swimming C．not to swim D．not swim【答案】C【详解】句意：—老师刚才说了什么？—他告诉我们不要在河里游泳。
考查非谓语动词。
固定搭配：tell sb (not) to do sth“告诉某人（不）要做某事”，故选C。
3．（2021·广西柳州市·中考真题）Alice couldn’t make herself _____ attention to because her classmates made so much noise.A．pay B．paid C．paying【答案】A【详解】句意：爱丽丝不能让自己集中注意力，因为她的同学太吵了。
考查非谓语动词。
根据空前的make herself可知，此处是make的用法make sb do sth，表示让某人做某事，所以此处应该用动词原形。
故选A。
4．（2021·广西柳州市·中考真题）—Does the method you thought of _____ the problem make any sense?—Of course.A．Solve B．of solving C．solving【答案】B【详解】句意：—你想出的解决这个问题的方法有意义吗？——当然。
专题11 非谓语-备战高考英语语法填空秒杀思维和技巧
高考英语语法填空秒杀思维和技巧专题11 非谓语v2非谓语（一句话已然出现动词，再出现的动词应采用以下形式）非谓语一直是语法填空的重难点非谓语动词在句中的作用非谓语动词的时态和语态1.to do表将要、目的（1）常加to do的动词：decide/determine决定/learn/want/expect/wish/hope/refuse拒绝/manage设法/care/pretend假装/offer主动/intend 打算/promise承诺/choose/plan/agree/ask/persuade劝说/mean意味着※need/want/require to be done=need/want/require doing需要被…（2）常加sb+to do的动词：Advise建议/ask要求/allow允许（2018-3-10）/beg请求/cause造成/encourage/inspire鼓励/expect期待/force 强迫/get使得/intend打算/invite邀请/prefer更喜欢/remind提醒/tell/warn警告/depend on依赖※Arrange for sb to do..安排某人做...（3）常加to do/to doing的名词：方法类：approach(to doing)/ way/ highway(to doing 做...的捷径)/method/access(to doing)机会类：opportunity/chance/risk计划类：plan/intentionpromise/ attempt试图/offer/decision/refusal拒绝/failure/eagerness渴望/willingness愿意/anxiety焦虑/desire /readiness准备好/warning警告/devotion(to doing)专注于eg. There can be no disagreement on the need for each one of us ____(think) carefully.（4）to do做状语,定语等其他：※完整句子中多用to do表目的（2018-1-2 You don’t have to run fast or long ___(see) the benefits；2018-2-4 the government encourages farmers to grow....____(improve)water quality.）※...enough to..※Only to结果却…※Too...to太…以至于不能…※Adj.+to do(原因) I am sorry___lose your key.※序数词+to※最高级+to（5）短语/结构Sb. is said据说/expected大家期待/known总所周知/supposed应该/found/made使得某人/seen to doBe able to / enable sb. to do使..能够Be likely to do可能Make efforts to do努力Do all /everything one can do to..竭尽全力做...Can’t wait to迫不及待Consider/think/find /feel/make it +adj./n.+to do认为..../使得...怎么样Consider/think/find /feel/make sb./ sth.(to be)+adj./n.eg. Friendship is considered ___(importance).（6）疑问词+toHow to doWhat to doWhether to do..or not（7）不定代词+toHave something to...※A has something/nothing/little to do with BA和B有关、无关、关系不大2.doing表主动、进行（1）常加doing的动词：Consider考虑/suggest建议/advise/look forward to期望/excuse借口/admit承认/delay/put off推迟/fancy想象/avoid避免（2018-3-4）/keep保持/practice练习/include包括（2017-2-3）Deny否认/enjoy享受/appreciate欣赏/forbid禁止/imagine想象/risk冒险/can’t help忍不住/mind介意/allow/permit允许（2）常加doing的短语、句型、结构介词后+doing（2018-1-3）Admit to doing承诺...Be used to 习惯于Lead to导致=contribute toDevote to专注于Stick to坚持Object to反对Be addicted to沉谜于Get down to 开始着手Pay attention to注意Look forward toAdmit (to) doing承认When it comes to doing..当谈到...Give up放弃Can’t stand不能忍受Feel like想要Be busy忙于Have difficulty/trouble (in) doing做..有困难Have a hard time in艰难时光...There is no sense doing做...没意义It is no good/use doing做...没意义Be worth doing值得Need/require/want/deserve doing=V+to be done需要被做...eg. The old person needs to be taken good care of.=The old person needs taking care of.Spend+钱/时间in doing sth./on sth,（2017-3-1）See/hear/notice/observe/spot/watch/spot sb.doing注意到...When/while/before/after+doing..(2018-2-10 china’s ap proach to protecting its environment while__(feed)its....)3.done表被动、已经做成（1）自带被动态的短语Be allowed/permitted to do允许Be devoted to do/be absorbed in/be buried in/be addicted/committed to doing专注于Be filled with(be full of)充满Be faced with面对Get used/accustomed to doing 习惯于Be caught in/be trapped in/be stuck in陷入Be connected/linked/related/associated with/to与..相连Be based on基于Be located/situated in位于=lie in（无被动）Be concerned about/with担心关心、与..有关Be involved/engaged /occupied in/with参与Be determined to 决定Be satisfied with满足于Be admitted into 被录取Be concentrated/focused on专注Be compared with/to与...对比/ 比作Be equipped/armed with配备Be meant to 打算,计划是Be prepared to准备好..Be made up of有...组成Be exposed to接触（2）have/get sth.done表被动eg. Please get the bicycle ____(repair).4.特殊的独立成分Generally/frankly speaking坦白说... Judging from/by根据...判断Taking...into consideration考虑..To tell you the truth说实话。