2011年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译

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考研英语一阅读真题全文翻译及答案

考研英语一阅读真题全文翻译及答案

2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案(七绝俗手版)2011-01-1 621-25C B D B A 26-30B D C A C 31-35D C B A A 36-40C D A D B 41-45B D A C FS e c t i o n I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n Part A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],,[C]o r[D].M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o n A N S W E R S H E E T 1.(40p o i n t s)T e x t 1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sidedc l a s s i c a l-m u s i c c r i t i c。

2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥,从那时起一直到现在,这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。

退一步说,从总体上看,反应还是不错的。

2011年阅读理解真题语篇译文

2011年阅读理解真题语篇译文

2011年text1 外部董事的职责,P1.西蒙斯于2000年一月加入Goldman公司董事会,成为一名外部董事,一年后他成为布朗大学的校长。

此后几十年的时间里,她很明显扮演着两个角色,但并未引起多少责难。

但是在2009年底,西蒙斯女士却由于担任Goldman薪酬委员会委员受到抨击;他怎可能让角奖金得以发放又引起人们的注意呢?到第二年二月,西蒙斯便离开Goldman公司董事会,她说该职位占用了她太多的时间。

P2. 外部董事在企业董事会中扮演有益而又相对公正的顾问角色,由于他们在别处已经创造了自己的财富和声誉,所以他们很可能有足够的独立性否定总裁的建议。

如果公司经营状况不佳,股价下跌外部董事应该根据自己以往应对危机的经验提出建议。

俄亥俄大学的研究者们建立了一个数据库,该数据库囊括了1989年至200年间的一万多家公司和64000多位不同的董事。

后来他们又专门审核了哪些外部董事连任了两届,离开董事会最可能的原因是年龄,所以研究者们关注的焦点是那些不到70岁却很离奇消失的外部董事们。

他们发现在外部董事意外离开后,公司不得不重申盈利的可能性上升了20%。

在联邦法院所受理的集体起诉案件中被涉及的可能性也会增加,并且公司在股市的表现也会更糟。

大公司受到的影响往往会更大。

尽管外部董事的离职与随后企业业绩下滑之间的相互关系让人难免揣测,但这并不意味着外部董事们总是在公司为难之时弃之不顾。

他们往往喜欢“做大生意”,离开风险更高的小公司转而投身规模更大更为稳定的大企业。

但是研究人员相信,如果外部董事在坏消息传出前就离开公司,他们会更轻易避免声誉受损,虽然历史记录显示,在公司出现问题时,外部董事仍在董事会,那些想在艰难时期挽留住外部董事的公司一定要采取激励措施,否则外部董事们就会步西蒙斯女士的后尘,再一次在校园里受到欢迎。

2011年Text2美国报业的重生,针对报业的衰亡究竟发生了些什么?一年前报业衰亡似乎就在眼前。

2011年考研英语一阅读真题全文翻译及答案-七绝俗手版

2011年考研英语一阅读真题全文翻译及答案-七绝俗手版

2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案(七绝俗手版)2011-01-16七绝俗手21-25 CBDBA26-30 BDCAC31-35 DCBAA36-40 CDADB41-45 BDACFSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say theleast.“Hooray! At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。

2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥,从那时起一直到现在,这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。

退一步说,从总体上看,反应还是不错的。

如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼托姆西尼就这样写:万岁,最后。

然而,这次任命还是令人意外。

原因之一在于吉乐伯特名声相对较小。

就连那时主张雇用吉尔伯特的托姆西尼,也称吉尔伯特其貌不扬,缺乏一位令人敬仰的指挥大师的气质。

2011年英语历年考研真题阅读翻译

2011年英语历年考研真题阅读翻译

2011年英语历年考研真题阅读翻译2011Part AText 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated G ilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and t he new audience it hops to attract.译文:纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监,这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议.别的不说,大部分人的反应是积极的.“好啊,终于好了!” Anthony Tommasini写道,他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家.但是,这个任命之所以一起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert相对而言并不是很有名.甚至在时代杂志上发文支持Gilbert任命的Tommasini都称其为:低调的音乐家,在他身上找不到那种飞扬跋扈的指挥家的气质.纽约爱乐乐团迄今为止都是由像Gustav Mahler(古斯塔夫•马勒)和Pierre Boulez布列兹那样的音乐家领导的.这样去描述这个乐团的下一位指挥,至少对于时代的读者而言,这是一种苍白的表扬.就我看来,我不知道Gilbert是否是一个伟大的指挥家或者是一个好的指挥.但是我能确定的是,他能表现出很多有趣的乐章,但是我却应该不会去Avery Fisher Hall或者其他地方去听一场有趣的交响乐演出.我要做的事情就是去我的CD架上,或者打开的我的电脑从ITUNES上下载更多的唱片.那些忠实的音乐会观众会讲唱片并不能代替现场的演出,但是他们忽略了一些事情.当下为了获得艺术爱好者的钱,时间,关注度,古典音乐的演奏家们(其实就是指交响乐团,同意复述)不仅要和剧院,舞蹈队,演出公司和博物馆竞争,而且还需要和那些记录了20世纪的伟大的古典音乐演奏者表演的唱片竞争.唱片很便宜,那里都能买到,并且比现在很多现场音乐会的艺术质量要高.进一步的讲,听众能选择听唱片的时间和地点.这些到处可以获得的唱片给传统的演出机构带来了危机.对于古典音乐演奏者而言,他们可能的一个回应就是排练出唱片上没有的曲目.Gilbert对新音乐兴趣已经被广泛的关注了:Alex Ross,一名古典音乐的批评家,就这样描述道:他能够把爱乐乐团变成一个完全不同,更加有活力的组织.但是那种不同的性质也是什么呢?可能仅仅增加乐团演出的曲目是不够的,如果Gilbert和他的乐团要进步的话,他们就必须首先改变美国最古老的乐团(就是纽约爱乐乐团)同他们想吸引的新观众间的关系.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very muc h my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.底改变了. 那些受伤最厉害的就是那里在一个地方待太久的人.”Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. In fact,the way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information a bout the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.译文:过去,市场营销的成功诀窍简而言之就是一分钱一分货.然而时过境迁.虽然传统的“付费”(paid)媒介,比如电视和广播广告、平面广告和路边广告牌等,仍然扮演着重要角色,但企业如今还可以利用许多其他形式的媒介.比如,痴迷于某种产品的消费者,可能会乐意将之推荐给朋友,从而为企业创造因产品的优良品质带来的“无偿”(earned)媒介.企业还可以利用“自有”(owned)媒介,通过邮件向其网站的注册用户发送产品和销售提示.事实上,如今消费者作出购买决定的方式,意味着市场营销的影响力来自于传统付费媒介之外的广泛因素.营销人员通过付费和自有媒介推销其产品,而在“无偿”媒介方面,营销人员就像是触发用户响应的初始催化剂.在某些情况下,某营销者的自有媒介会成为另一个营销者的付费媒介.比如,当某电子商务零售商出售其网站的广告空间时,我们就将这种“售出”媒介定义为拥有巨大流量、以致其他机构纷纷前来投放内容或电子商务引擎的自有媒介.我们认为,这种趋势已蓬勃发端于零售商和航空、酒店等旅游供应商,虽然还处于初始阶段,但无疑可以走得更远.比如,强生公司创建了著名网站BabyCenter,借以推广互补性乃至竞争性产品,而其他营销者的出现不仅带来了收入,还令该网站看起来公正客观,并且使企业有机会从其他公司的营销活动中获得可贵的信息,最后还有助于扩大所有相关企业的用户流量.剧烈的技术变革使营销人员获得了数量更多、种类更广的沟通选择,但同时也带来了更高的风险,因为激动的消费者能够以更迅速、更明显、更有害的方式来表达他们的意见.这就是与“无偿”媒介相对的“劫持”媒介:某项资产或活动变成了对某个品牌或产品不满的消费者、其他股东或积极分子的劫持物.比如,社交网络用户正领悟到,他们可以通过“劫持”媒介来对最初创建该媒介的企业施加压力.如果那种事情发生,激动的消费者试图劝服其他人共同抵制两家公司的产品,从而危及企业声誉.当这种事情发生的时候,如果企业的回应不够快或不够好,那么就可能酿成悲剧.比如,在今年较早前发生的召回危机中,丰田汽车公司采取了较快且较有序的社交媒体回应行动,包括在Twitter和社会新闻网站Digg等网站上与客户进行直接交流,从而挽回了部分损失.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you supportkitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.译文:毫无疑问,Jennifer Senior在有煸动意味的的杂志封面故事中表达了她的独到见解,“我爱我的孩子们,我讨厌我的生活”——这唤起了人们的谈兴.人们一谈到养孩子就会觉得这是一件完全令人愉悦、生活充实的事情.Jennifer Senior没有指出养孩子到底是使得父母快乐呢还是痛苦呢,她倒是认为,我们需要重新定义幸福:幸福不应该是一个个瞬间的快乐组合的可以被衡量的东西;我们应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态.尽管抚养孩子的日子漫长难熬,令人筋疲力尽,但是Jennifer Senior认为,正是那些心绪沉重的时刻,日后却成为我们欢乐的源泉.杂志封面上一位给力的母亲抱着一个可爱的婴儿,这种圣母与圣子(麦当娜和孩子)的图画这周在杂志上多次出现.例如杂志上讲到最近刚收养孩子的母亲——有时是刚变成单身母亲——桑德拉布鲁克,以及那种很常见的“詹尼弗阿尼斯顿怀孕了”的新闻.实际上,每周都有至少一位名人母亲、或者准母亲在杂志上笑迎读者.在一个不断地庆祝生育的社会中,承认自己后悔生育孩子就相当于承认自己支持杀小猫,这难道不值得反思吗?把父母的后悔与孩子的后悔相比较,这显然并不合理.没有人会去让不情愿养孩子的父母去反思自己是否不该养孩子,但是那不幸福的没有孩子的人却为类似这样的信息所困扰:“孩子是世上唯一最可珍惜的东西”,显然,你们的不幸必须通过生儿育女才能得以消除.当然,像美国周刊与人物这样的杂志提供的名人父母的形象是非常不切实际的.特别是像Bullock这样的单身母亲时更是如此.多项研究表明,有孩子的父母很少比没有孩子的夫妇更快乐,而单亲家庭是最不快乐的.这并不奇怪,因为一个人养一个孩子实在太麻烦了,没有人可以依靠.然而,你听听Sandra和Britney 说的话:自己“一个人”养孩子,其实非常简单.(她们当然觉得简单了,因为她们是在周围有一帮人全天侯的侯着啊.)很难想象有的人生孩子就只是很傻很天真因为Reese和Angelina这种名流使这种行为变的很光鲜,——多数成年人其实理解:养孩子可不是剪头发那样简单.但这确实有趣:反思一下我们每周看到的无忧无虑,幸福诱人的为人父母的生活会不会从一种微小的,无意识的方面加剧我们对于现实生活的不满.这种方式就好像:我们有那种想成为“ the Rachel”(老友记中的单身妈妈)的心理,这种心理,使得我们看上去有点像詹尼弗安尼斯顿(Rachel 的扮演者).。

2011年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译

2011年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译

2011年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译但为君故但为君故 整理组Text 12009年纽约交响乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert担任下一任音乐指挥,这是自从突然宣布他的任命以来古典派音乐界一直谈论的话题。

大体上说,这种反应至少可以说是称赞性的。

连严肃认真的古典音乐评论家Anthony Tommasini 也写道,“很好哇!终于有结果啦!”然而,这次任命出人意料的原因之一是Gilbert相对来说,知名度不大。

甚至连在《时代》周刊上支持对Gilbert任命的Tommasini都把他称作为“一位不张扬的音乐家,他没有音乐指挥家那种令人生畏的傲气”。

作为对至今一直由Mahler和Pierre这样的音乐家指挥过的乐队的下一任音乐指挥的描述,上述说法似乎很可能使得至少一些《时代》的读者认为是一种菲薄的赞扬。

至于我,我不知道Gilbert是否是一位很棒的指挥家或者甚至是一位优秀的指挥家。

确实,他指挥了许多感人肺腑的、引人入胜的乐曲。

而我就不必访问Avery Fisher Hall,或者到任何其他地方去听令人感兴趣的管弦乐。

我要做的一切就是去我的CD架处,或打开我的计算机并从iTunes下载更多的录制的音乐。

那些听音乐会的发烧友回答说,录音音乐无法替代实况表演,但他们说错了。

就热爱艺术的公众的时间、精力和财力而论,古典乐器演奏家们必须不仅与歌剧院、舞蹈文工团、戏剧公司和博物馆竞争,而且与20世纪的伟大古典音乐家的录音表演竞争。

这些录音唱片廉价、随处可以买到,而且常常在艺术质量上比当今的实况表演高得多;此外,听者可以在任意选择的时间和地点来“消费享受”这些音乐唱片。

而且到处都能买到,因而造成了传统古典音乐会的体制危机。

一个可能的应对办法是,古典音乐表演家去设计有魅力的新的音乐,而这种音乐还没有被录制成唱片,所以买不到。

Gilbert 自己对新音乐的兴趣一直得到大家广泛的注意:古典音乐评论家Alex Ross认为他是一位能夠把纽约交响乐团转变成“一个明显不同的、更有生气的组织”。

2011年考研英语二真题汇总+阅读中文翻译

2011年考研英语二真题汇总+阅读中文翻译

2011:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly3 ?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation‘s cyber-czar,offered the federal government a4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled6 one. The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver‘s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace,with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “indivi duals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”。

2011考研英语阅读理解真题及解析(Text1)

2011考研英语阅读理解真题及解析(Text1)

2011考研英语阅读理解真题及解析(Text1)2011考研英语阅读理解真题及解析(Text 1)Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监,这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。

别的不说,大部分人的反应是积极的。

"好啊,终于好了!" Anthony Tommasini 写道,他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。

One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.但是,这个任命之所以一起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert相对而言并不是很有名。

2011考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版

2011考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版

2011考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版第一部分:阅读理解第一篇题目:Will Robots Take Our Jobs?In Boston, there is a small restaurant called Spyce, which boasts (吹嘘) a unique feature: the entire kitchen is automated (自动化的). There are no chefs or cooks working in the kitchen, just seven robot cooks working efficiently to serve delicious meals to customers. This fully automated restaurant is a clear indication of the rise of robots in the workforce.The introduction of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics, has raised concerns about job security. Many industries are facing the disruption caused by automation. The real question that arises is whether robots will take over our jobs and leave humans unemployed.Robotics and automation have successfully replaced manual labor in several industries. For example, self-checkout machines in supermarkets and automated assembly lines in factories are becoming increasingly common. These technologies streamline processes, reduce costs, and enhance efficiency.However, it is essential to note that while robots excel at tasks that require precision and repetition, they often strugglewith jobs that involve emotional intelligence and creativity. For instance, robots may be programmed to perform routine surgeries, but they cannot provide empathetic care to patients like healthcare professionals can. Similarly, while a robot can clean a room, it lacks the attention to detail that a human cleaner possesses.Furthermore, new technologies often create more jobs than they replace. The rise of robots may lead to the creation of entirely new industries and job roles. Software developers, AI engineers, and robotics technicians are examples of professions that have emerged as a result of automation. Additionally, as robots take over mundane tasks, humans can focus on more complex and creative work.In conclusion, while robots are undoubtedly changing the workforce and may replace some jobs, they are unlikely to completely eliminate human employment. The future lies in a partnership between humans and robots, where humans leverage their unique skills and abilities alongside automationto create a more productive and efficient society.解析:本文主要探讨了人工智能和机器人技术的引入对工作安全的影响。

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但为君故系列
D 坚守传统规则更安全 30 下面那一项最符合本文的题目 A 首席执行官,路在何方 B 首席执行官,勇往直前 C 高管冒险跳槽 D 高级经理的唯一出路
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销售成功的粗略指导方针过去常常是你得到的就是你付了钱的东西。 现在不 再是这样了。虽然传统的“付费”媒介仍然起着重要的作用,例如电视商业广告 和印刷广告,但如今公司还利用许多替代的媒介形式。热衷于某种产品的消费者 乐意把它向朋友宣传促销,从而为公司创造了“免费”媒介。公司可以利用“自 有”媒介向注册其网站的消费者发送有关产品和销售的提醒短信。消费者现在做 出购买决定这一过程的处理方式表明, 市场营销的影响力除了来自传统的付费媒 介,还来自一系列范围广泛的因素。 付费的和自有的媒介由推销自己产品的市场营销商控制。对于免费媒介而 言,这些营销商充当了用户反应的发起人。但是在有些情况下,一个市场营销商 的自有媒介成了另一个营销商的付费媒介,例如,当电子商务零售商出售他的网 站上的广告空间时。我们把这样的售出的媒介称作自有媒介,它的访问流量如此 巨大,以致其它机构也希望把它们的内容或电子商务引擎放置在那样的环境中。 我们认为这种趋势还处于初始阶段,但它从零售商和旅游服务提供商(如航空公 司和旅馆)有效地开始并无疑将得到进一步的发展。例如,强生公司(Johnson & Johnson)已经创立了宝宝中心网(BabyCenter) ,这是一个无与伦比的媒介产业, 它被用于宣传促销配套性的、甚至竞争性的产品。其他市场营销商的存在除了产 生收益以外,还使得该网站看上去似乎很客观,这就给公司许多机遇去了解其它 公司营销魅力的宝贵信息并且有助于为所有相关公司扩大用户的流量。 已经给市场营销商提供更多的(更多样化的)通讯工具选择的同样振奋人心 的技术变革也增加了这样的风险:热情的消费者将以更快捷的、更明显的、更有 破坏性的方式来发表他们的看法。这种劫持媒介的作用与免费媒介正好相反:一 项资产或一个活动会成为消费者、 其他利益相关者或对一种品牌或产品发表负面 指控的活动分子手中的“人质” 。例如,社交网络的成员正在了解到,他们能够 劫持媒介以便对原来创造这些媒介的公司施加压力。 如果发生那样的事情,激情的消费者会劝说其他消费者去抵制这些产品,从 而危害这家目标公司的声誉。在这样的情况下,公司的回应可能不会很快或考虑 不周,并且一直处于了解情况的阶段。相反的例子是,丰田汽车公司利用相对快 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
2011 年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译 真题译文+题目翻译
但为君故
但为君故整理组
但为君故系列
1
Text 1
2009 年纽约交响乐团决定聘请 Alan Gilbert 担任下一任音乐指挥,这是自从 突然宣布他的任命以来古典派音乐界一直谈论的话题。大体上说,这种反应至少 可以说是称赞性的。 连严肃认真的古典音乐评论家 Anthony Tommasini 也写道, “很好哇!终于有结果啦! ” 然而,这次任命出人意料的原因之一是 Gilbert 相对来说,知名度不大。甚 至连在《时代》周刊上支持对 Gilbert 任命的 Tommasini 都把他称作为“一位不 张扬的音乐家,他没有音乐指挥家那种令人生畏的傲气” 。作为对至今一直由 Mahler 和 Pierre 这样的音乐家指挥过的乐队的下一任音乐指挥的描述,上述说 法似乎很可能使得至少一些《时代》的读者认为是一种菲薄的赞扬。 至于我,我不知道 Gilbert 是否是一位很棒的指挥家或者甚至是一位优秀的 指挥家。确实,他指挥了许多感人肺腑的、引人入胜的乐曲。而我就不必访问 Avery Fisher Hall ,或者到任何其他地方去听令人感兴趣的管弦乐。我要做的一切 就是去我的 CD 架处,或打开我的计算机并从 iTunes 下载更多的录制的音乐。 那些听音乐会的发烧友回答说, 录音音乐无法替代实况表演, 但他们说错了。 就热爱艺术的公众的时间、精力和财力而论,古典乐器演奏家们必须不仅与歌剧 院、舞蹈文工团、戏剧公司和博物馆竞争,而且与 20 世纪的伟大古典音乐家的 录音表演竞争。这些录音唱片廉价、随处可以买到,而且常常在艺术质量上比当 今的实况表演高得多;此外,听者可以在任意选择的时间和地点来“消费享受” 这些音乐唱片。而且到处都能买到,因而造成了传统古典音乐会的体制危机。 一个可能的应对办法是,古典音乐表演家去设计有魅力的新的音乐,而这种 音乐还没有被录制成唱片,所以买不到。Gilbert 自己对新音乐的兴趣一直得到 大家广泛的注意:古典音乐评论家 Alex Ross 认为他是一位能夠把纽约交响乐团 转变成“一个明显不同的、更有生气的组织” 。但是那种差别的本质是什么呢? 只是扩大乐队的演奏节目将是不够的。如果 Gilbert 和他的交响乐要取得成功, 他们必须首先改变美国历史最悠久的管弦乐团与它希望赢得的新听众之间的关 系。 21. 我们从第一段得知对 Gilbert 的任命 A 招致批评 B 惹人怀疑 C 获得赞扬 D 引起好奇 22. Tommasini 认为 Gilbert 是一位()艺术家 A 有影响力的 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
Text 4
不足为奇,Jennifer Senior 的一篇富有洞察力的、极具争议性的杂志封面文 章“我爱我的孩子们,我恨我的生活”正引起了种种议论 – 认为养孩子根本不 是什么使人富有成就感的、使生活更充实的事情,没有什么比这种看法更让人们 议论纷纷了。Senior 没有断言说,孩子们使父母要么幸福要么痛苦。她提出,我 们需要重新定义幸福:不能把幸福看作是可以用一次次的高兴来衡量的事。她认 为,我们应该把幸福认为是过去时态的情形。尽管日复一日的抚养孩子的经历也 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
但为君故系列
5
速的、 精心策划的社交媒介回应行动在今年早些时候的召回危机中减轻了一些损 失。这种回应行动包括努力在 Twitter 网站和 Digg 这样的社会新闻网站上直接与 消费者交流接触。 31. 当他们()时,消费者可能创建“免费”媒体 A 沉迷于在某些网站进行网上购物 B 受到发给他们的关于产品推销的电子邮件的鼓动 C 渴望帮助他们的朋友推销优质的商品 D 热切推荐自己喜欢额产品 32. 根据第二段可知,出售的媒体的特点是 A 安全的商业环境 B 随机竞争 C 强大的客户流量 D 组织的灵活性 33. 作者在第三段中暗示免费媒体 A 与情绪激动的用户之间不断发生冲突 B 可以用来对营销产生负面影响 C 或许要为更为激烈的竞争负责 34. 丰田汽车事件作为()的例子被引用 A 对被劫持了的媒体发的有效回应 B 说服消费者抵制产品 C 同支持该公司的消费者进行合作 D 利用被劫持了的媒体 35. 下面哪项是本文的主旨 A 传统付费媒体的其他替代方式 B 被劫持的媒体和免费的媒体之间的冲突 C 被劫持的媒体的后可能变成欣喜若狂、兴高彩烈的源泉。 ”
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可能是撕心裂肺的艰难,然而 Senior 写道, “就是那些一时使我们心情沮丧的事 杂志封面上的漂亮妈妈抱着一个乖巧的婴儿已几乎不仅仅是本周报摊上的 圣母玛利亚抱孩子的画像。还有许多文章有关新近收养了孩子的母亲,而且是刚 刚单身的母亲 Sandra Bullock, 以及那种常见的 “Jennifer Aniston 怀孕了” 的新闻。 几乎每周报摊上都会登出至少一名笑容可掬的名人妈妈或者准妈妈。 在一个一直崇尚生育的社会里, 你承认后悔养了孩子就等于你承认支持虐杀 宠物猫,这还有什么奇怪的呢?那么,把做父母的后悔比作没有子女者的后悔, 这似乎是不太公平的。很少有事会促使不幸福的父母去想,他们是否本来就不应 该要孩子; 但是那些没有孩子而且生活也不幸福的人们却会因为听到这样的话而 烦恼:孩子是世间惟一最重要的事情,因为很明显他们的痛苦一定是他们生活中 缺少孩子这一人生空白(原意:开裂了婴儿大小的空洞)的直接结果。 当然,在像《我们周刊》 (Us Weekly)和《人物》 (People)这样的名人杂志 上所展示的家长形象是非常不真实的,尤其是当报导像 Bullock 这样的单身母亲 时。根据多项研究报告所得出的结论:有孩子的父母并不比没有孩子的夫妇更快 乐,单身父母是所有人中最不幸的。不足为奇,想一想没有另一方的依靠拉扯大 一个孩子要付出多大的艰辛。然而,你听听 Sandra 和 Britney 说的话,靠“自己” 带大一个孩子(注意:有 24 小时的保姆帮忙)简直是一件举手之劳的事。 很难想象, 很多人只是因为看到 Reese 和 Angelina 这样的名流有孩子后魅力 非凡而傻到自己想要孩子:多数家长懂得养孩子不像理个发那样简单。然而,有 趣的是,我们要想一想我们每周所看到的没有压力的、高高兴兴的父母形象是否 潜移默化地、下意识地不在增加我们自己对现实生活的不满呢?同样,我们之中 一小部分人曾希望剪个像 Rachel 一样的发型使自己看上去就有点像 Jennifer Aniston。 注:Rachel 是《老友记》中的单身妈妈。Jennifer Aniston 是美国著名演员, 《老友记》中扮演 Rachel。 36. Jennifer Senior 在文章中指出养育孩子能带来 A 暂时的快乐 B 过程中的乐趣 C 回想时的幸福 D 持久额回报 37. 我们从第二段得知 A 名人妈妈是八卦的固定来源 B 有孩子的单身妈妈需要更多的关注 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
但为君故系列
量存在。
3
他们曾有的领导人。随着经济的复苏好转,对于有抱负的领导人来说机遇将会大 决定辞去高级职位去寻找更好的工作并不符合习俗惯例。 许多年来执行官们 和为企业争聘人才的人一直奉行这样一条规则:最有吸引力的 CEO 候选人是必 须去偷偷挖来的人才。 光辉国际(Korn/Ferry)的资深合伙人 Dennis Carey 说: “每次我去招聘人才,董事会总会指示我首先去盯住现任的 CEO。 那 些 没 有 找 到 工 作 而 跳 槽 的 人 并 不 是 总 能 迅 速 找 到 高 级 职 位 。 Ellen Marram10 年前辞去了 Tropicana 公司头头的职位。她说,她想当一名 CEO。过了 一年她才当上了一家很小的网络商品交易店的头头。2005 年 Robert Willumstad 离开了花旗集团(Citigroup) ,满怀壮志想当 CEO。3 年后他最后才在一家大型金 融机构担任了这个职位。 许多招聘者说,对于高级人员来说旧的荣辱观正在淡忘。金融危机已经使人 能够接受处于待业境地或者辞去一项不好的工作。一位猎头(为企业争聘人才的 人)说, “传统的规则是干你现在干的工作更安全,但是这种规则已从根本上推 倒了。 ” “受伤害最重的人是那些待得太久的人。 ” 26. McGee 宣布自己的辞职时,对他这一辞职方式最恰当的描述是 A 傲慢的 B 直率的 C 以自我为中心的 D 冲动的 27. 根据第二段,高级主管们离职的动因是 A 他们对更好经济状况的期待 B 他们需要反思自己的私人生活 C 他们与董事会的紧张关系 D 他们对新的职业目标的追求 28. 单词“poached”(第四段第三行)最可能的意思是 A 认同 B 关注 C 搜寻 D 防范 29. 从末端可以推断出 A 高级经理过去通常会坚守岗位 B 高级经理的忠臣过时了 C 高级经理更关注声誉 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
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