第11讲：特殊句式和主谓一致
高中英语：主谓一致和特殊句式语法知识点
高中英语：主谓一致和特殊句式语法知识点主谓一致的核心考点1.就近一致原则(1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.2.意义一致原则(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer.(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。
当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
版最全高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习精华版
高中英语之“主谓一致”（**）主谓一致的观点。
所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓语动词对应的形式）。
（一）主谓一致的种类一、【语法一致】1.<and连结>两个或两个以上单数名词或许代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种状况：(1)假如指两个或两个以上不一样的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.他和她都是这个学校的学生。
（2）假如连结两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或许指同一观点的时候,谓语要用单数。
Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。
Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。
假如主语是<不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句>的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。
Whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。
Collectingstampsishishobby.采集邮票是他的喜好。
Toloveherisnottobreakherwings.爱她就不应折断她自由翱翔的翅膀。
.3.定语从句的<关系代词who,which,that> 在从句中作主语时，要与<先行词>的人称和数保持一致。
Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including 假如句子中有这些连结词和主语连用,谓语动词的数<随主语的变化>而变化。
比如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。
主谓一致高中英语语法与短语
主谓一致高中英语语法与短语主谓一致高中英语语法一主谓一致概念一、主谓一致概念：主谓一致，即谓语动词的单复数要和主语保持一致。
一般来说，如果主语是单数形式，那么谓语动词要用单数;如果主语是复数形式，那么谓语动词要用复数。
但是，也会出现一些特殊情况，这就是我们要总结的。
二主谓一致类型1. 不可数名词看成单数，因此谓语动词要用单数形式。
不可数名词有很多，比如空气、水、重量、长度、金钱等等。
(1) Ten thousand dollars is quite a large sum.(2) About 20 percent of the work was done yesterday.第一个句子里，钱即使再多，也只是一笔数目，所以看成单数;第二个句子里，work是不可数的，这个要注意，在英语里，我们把job看成可数名词，但是work看成不可数名词，不可数名词的前提下，不论讲它的几分之几，还是百分之多少，都仍然是不可数。
2. 主语从句看成单数。
That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.这句话里有两个动词，一个是were，另一个是is，一个句子只能有一个动词，所以这里肯定嵌入了一个从句，我们会发现That they were wrong in these matters是个整体，充当整个句子里的主语，所以是主语从句。
我们把主语从句看成单数，所以这里用的is。
3. 就前原则就前原则，指的是动词单复数看这个词前面的名词单复数情况。
as well as, with, along with, together with都遵循就前原则。
具体我们来看以下例句：(1) E-mail, as well as telephones, plays an important part in daily communication.(2) A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.第一句话的意思是邮件和电话在日常沟通中有重要作用。
2020届 二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之十一：特殊句式
2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之十一：特殊句式明备考方向攻重点难点1．强调句型基本结构(1)强调句型基本结构为“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ＋句子其他部分”(2)借助于助动词do/does/did对谓语动词进行强调。
It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.在你慷慨的帮助下，我认为我会很快地适应大学生活的。
I do hope you can make great progress in your Chinese learning study. Looking forward to your early reply.我真的希望你能在中文学习上取得很大的进步。
期待您的早日回复。
2．与含状语从句的主从复合句的区别(1)与“It is/was＋时间名词＋when ...”的区别“It is/was＋时间名词＋when ...”句型中，it指时间，when 引导的是时间状语从句。
时间名词前无介词。
It was 6 o'clock when I got up today.(主从复合句)今天我起床时已经6点了。
It was at 6 o'clock that I got up today.(强调句型)今天我是6点起的床。
(2)与“It is/was＋时间段＋since ...”的区别It is two years since I taught English.我不教英语两年了。
It is two years since I began to teach English.我教英语已经两年了。
It is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花两个小时学英语。
特殊句式与主谓一致
5 ． ______________________ ， he is always thinking of others.他虽然是个孩子，但他总是替别人着想。
[答案] Child as he is
考向一
倒装句
(2014· 全国大纲卷改编)Not only__________the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
[答案] can you succeed
3 ． Seldom in my life ______________________such a determined man.我一生很少遇到这么有决心的人。
[答案] have I met
4．______________________， I would do the work better. 我要是你，我会把工作做得更好。
Had it been possible, I would have joined you to help them. 如果可能的话，我会和你一起帮助他们。(相当于 If it had been possible) Should there be a flood, what could we do？如果发生洪灾， 我们该怎么办？(相当于 If there should be a flood)
[答案]
that
4．__________was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
[答案] It
高中英语主谓一致讲解
All of the apples ____rotten. are 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple ____rotten. is 整个苹果都烂了。
None of the money_____ left. is 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students _____ there. is 没有学生在那里。
3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可 以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。 强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人 员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集 合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。
His family ____going out. is 他们全家要外出。 His family ____all music lovers. are 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。
1.
二、就近原则 either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句 子中连接主语的时候或者在there be 句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保 持一致。 nor I am wrong. Neither you There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
+ 名词 B 这样的结构做主语，谓语动词仅与 A 一致。 1>.Mary, together with her parents, ____________ has been to ----(去过) the Summer Palace twice. 2>.The teacher as well as her students ________ ----------fond of popular music very much. 3>. All but Tom _______________(know) the truth have known --so far.
高考英语第二部分语法核心突破第十一课时主谓一致和特殊句式练习含解析
第十一课时主谓一致和特殊句式李仕才[感悟高考]1.It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津卷)A.whoB.whereC.whichD.that答案 D [句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。
根据关键词It was 开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。
故选D。
]2.The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017· 江苏卷)A.isB.areC.wasD.were答案 C [先行词是The publication Great Expectations，是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。
句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
]3.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017·天津卷)A.regardB.is regardedC.are regardedD.regards答案 B [句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。
根据动词短语regard...as...把……看做……和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词做主语，谓语动词应该与along with前面的名词相一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。
高考英语总复习 高考语法与写作11 主谓一致和特殊句式过关训练高三全册英语试题
毛额市鹌鹑阳光实验学校专题11 主谓一致和特殊句式[专题过关训练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The design on the back ________(show) the yellow－eyed penguin, one of the world's rarest penguins.[答案] shows2．(2018·哈尔滨模拟)In the pool, Bob, my instructor, demanded we do what he did. One of the drills ________(be) to take our masks off at the bottom of the deep end, replace them, and clear them of water.[答案] was3．(2018·衡水中学模拟)Many psychologists today ________(be) working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around.[答案] are4．(2018·石家庄二中模拟)A report published on Dec. 6 says this style of healthcare, which ________(include) different forms like herbal medicine and exercise, has spread to 183 countries and regions.[答案] includes5．Not until the early 19th century ________(be) nail paints changed into the nail polish that we see today.[答案] were6．(2018·合肥模拟)Its success is very encouraging in today's television world where reality shows ________(play) a leading part so far.[答案] have playedⅡ.单句改错1．(2018·陕西西安中学模拟)In a word, once enjoying, the song will never be forgotten.____________[答案] enjoying→enjoyed2．(2018·贵州遵义航天高中模拟)Compared with online games, many traditional games, like hide－and－seek, benefits kids mentally and physically.____________[答案] benefits→benefit3．(2018·河北衡水中学模拟)98% of the surface are covered permanently by ice and strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline.____________[答案] are→is4．(2018·吉林东北师大附中模拟)About two miles away from my home stand a mountain which is really worth touring.____________ [答案] stand→stands5．It was until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.____________[答案] 在was后加not6．Such knowledge is still useful when applying to similar situations in other countries.____________[答案] applying→appliedⅢ.写作训练1．运用语法写靓句(句型转换)①I found it so difficult to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.→So difficult ________________ to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.(倒装句)②The silence came then, each waiting for the other to let the cat out of the bag.→Then ________________， each waiting for the other to let the cat out of the bag.(倒装句)③I didn't realize it was already too late for us to return home until it grew dark.→Not until it grew dark ________________ it was already too late for us to return home.(倒装句)→_______________________________ I realized thatit was already too late for us to return home.(强调句)④The villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before in the lake.→It w as ________________ the villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before.(强调句)⑤Though he was tired, he managed to climb the hill.→_______________________________, he managed to climb the hill.(省略句)⑥It is fun to take a rest after a long run.→________________ it is to take a rest after a long run！(感叹句) [答案] ①did I find it ②came the silence ③did I realize; It was not until it grew dark that ④in the lake that ⑤Though tired ⑥What fun2．语法填空(2018·淮南模拟)Nowadays, more and more post－90s generations will enter the workforce. They place more emphasis ①____________ looking for a job that they enjoy more than other factors. Many of them hope to establish a ②____________(relax) relationship among workers. More than half of ③____________ prefer the easy－going and good－tempered employers. ④____________(surprise) 10 percent of them wish to be friends with their bosses. Experts say that they are the generation of the Internet era. They have a strong ⑤____________(aware) of “self” and how they relate to the outside world. Guo Yun, 22, is a digital media major from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. She says that she will not mind working long hours, but prefer her boss ⑥____________(explain) why she has to, such as the urgency of the task. “I feel greatly ⑦____________(motivate) in this way，” she explains. They tend to care a great deal about the team or the management culture. They are also more outspoken about their needs, and they are likely to openly ⑧____________(communication) with their employers. As a result, they ⑨____________(admit) into most big companies more easily. I think it is their frankness and enthusiasm ⑩____________ leaves a deep impression on their employers.[答案] ①on ②relaxing ③them ④Surprisingly ⑤awareness⑥to explain ⑦motivated⑧communicate ⑨are admitted ⑩that3．短文改错(2018·江西八所重点中学联考)Last night I was at a coffee shop. There was a wonderfully music show. As I got up to get a cup of coffee and a cookie, I notice a middle－aged woman near me. Clearly, she had caught in a fire of some kind. His face was badly burned so she looked very tight.I thought how brave she was to come out but appeared in public. When I returned back to my seat, I turned towards the woman and sa id, “Isn't he a wonderful performers？” And I gave her the largest smile I was able to give. To my pleased, she looked right at me and gave me a huge smile for return. It was her smile which made her whole face light up last night. She was beautiful.[答案]4．写一篇短文(2018·河南4月教学质量检测)假定你是李华，你的朋友John，本周日想邀请你去他的寄宿家庭参加朋友聚会，但你无法参加。
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第11讲特殊句式和主谓一致特殊句式[深化认知]一、倒装句(一)部分倒装1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。
这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。
Not until the press reported the pollution did people know why the water supply had been cut off.直到报纸报道污染情况，人们才知道水供给为什么会被切断。
2．“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。
(2013·全国卷Ⅱ单选)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.只有增加50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。
3．so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.他患病突然，全家人全然不知所措。
4．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/ neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。
5．as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。
即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分”的形式。
Hard as they tried，they couldn't make her change her mind.尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。
(二)全部倒装1．here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。
John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。
2．such置于句首时。
Such are the facts; no one can deny them.这些就是事实，没有人能否定它们。
[名师指津]此句型中such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。
二、省略句1．复合句中的省略在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。
All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are)stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。
2．动词不定式符号to的省略及不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。
(2013·全国卷Ⅰ单选)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。
3．so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在I'm afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe等开头的答句中；条件状语从句中有时也有类似的用法，如：if so/if not等。
It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. If so, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。
如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。
三、强调句1．强调句型(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？注意：强调句型也可用于宾语从句中，但注意语序要用陈述句语序。
He asked what it was that made him so upset.他询问究竟是什么让他如此难过。
(4)not ... until句型的强调句型结构：It is/was not until ... ＋that＋句子其他部分。
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到这里我才意识到这个地方出名不仅仅是因为它的美丽还因为它的气候。
2．强调谓语动词用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
She did tell me about her address, but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。
[典题在线]完成句子1．(2015·天津高考单选)Only when Lily walked into the office did_she_realize (她才意识到) that she had left the contract at home.2．(2015·湖南高考单选)Only after talking to two students did_I_discover_ (我才发现) that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.3．(2015·北京高考单选)If_accepted (如果你被接受) for the job, you'll be informed soon.4．(2015·湖南高考单选)It was when we were returning home that_I_realized (我才意识到) what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.5．(2014·大纲卷单选)Not only do_the_nurses_want (护士想) a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.6．(2014·陕西高考单选)No sooner had_Mo_Yan_stepped_on_the_stage_ (莫言一上台) than the audience broke into thunderous applause.7．(2014·湖南高考单选)It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that_makes_life_happy (让生活快乐)．8．(2013·浙江高考单选)There are some health problems that, when_not_treated_in_time (如果不及时处理), can become bigger ones later on.9．(2013·天津高考单选) It_was_not_until_near_the_end_of_the_letter_that (直到将近信的结尾) she mentioned her own plan.主谓一致[深化认知]主谓一致原则一、意义一致原则1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。
The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。
2．“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
3．非谓语动词或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
Knowing how to think clearly and how to speak correctly gives one confidence.知道怎样清晰地思考并正确地说出来会增加人的自信。