第十讲特殊句式(倒装,省略,主谓一致等
专题十特殊句式倒装、强调、主谓一致等常考点
专题⼗特殊句式倒装、强调、主谓⼀致等常考点专题⼗⼀特殊句式(倒装、强调、主谓⼀致等)常考点近⼏年，⾼考中有关特殊句式注重考查知识之间的交叉，因此，也加⼤了在语境中综合考查语法知识的⼒度。
在考查强调句的同时，把定语从句、省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句等融合到⼀起，考查学⽣综合把握语法知识的能⼒。
1强调句①构成和判断：“It is/was＋被强调的部分(时间状语/地点状语/原因状语/⽅式状语/名词/代词/从句)＋that(指⼈可⽤who)＋句⼦的其余部分”。
如：It was because he was ill that he was absent.②⼀般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句。
如：Was_it on the street that_you met Tom?What_was_it_that made him upset?Do you know what_it_was_that_made_him_upset?[注]强调句型⽤于宾语从句时应⽤陈述语序。
③not until的强调句，其结构为“It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句⼦剩余部分”。
如：It was not until I came back that he left.④强调谓语⽤“does/do/did＋动词原形”。
如：He did come back yesterday.①In my opinion，Mr.White ________ good to his students in his class at present.A. does doesB. does didC. does doD. did do②—What did she want to know，Tom?—She wondered ________ we could complete the experiment.A. when was itB. it was when thatC. it was whenD. when it was that③It was on the farm________ they visited ________ they got to know.A. where；thatB. which；whenC. that；thatD. which；which④—________ that he managed to get the information?—Oh，a friend of his helped him.A. Where was itB. What was itC. How was itD. Why was it⑤It was about 600 years ago ________the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when【答案】①C②D③C④C⑤A2it ⽤法①指代上⽂的同名同物。
特殊句式与主谓一致
专题十二
特殊句式与主谓一致
特殊句式在近几年高考中是常考的内容，学 习时必须弄清以下几点 (1)全部倒装和部分倒装如何使用。 (2)强调句的基本结构：一般疑问式、特殊疑问式。 (3)强调结构与定语从句的混合使用。
②“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句作状语放在句首，主句 要采用部分倒装。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他 回来时，我们才查明了真相。
③“so＋助动词/be 动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示前面所说 的肯定情况也适用于其他人或物；“neither/nor＋助动词/be 动 词/情态动词十主语”，表示前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他 人或物。 I am watching TV. So is she.我在看电视。她也是。 My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I．我父母昨晚没看电视，我也没看。
[答案] injured
2．Let us have a go，__________you?
[答案] will
3．It was at the street__________Mary met him.
[答案]
that
4．__________was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
强调 倒装 主谓一致 省略 独立主格等(浓缩表格 清新版)
形式
1
with + n./pron. +分词
2
with + n./pron. + to do
3
with + n./pron. + adj
4
with + n./pron. + adv
5
with + n./pron. + prep短语
6
with + n./pron. + n.
主谓一致
序号
主语
谓语
1
and
单数
3
than、with、as well as、along with、together with、like、rather than、except、not、but、including、plus、besides、in addition to等+ n./pron.结构在主语后面
主语
4
some、plenty of、a lot of、lots of、none等+ n.（[U]/[C]）
5、地点状语位于句首，变成强调地点时；
6、adj、分词作表语提到句首时，为了描述生动或平衡句子结构。
部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前
1、only修饰状语位于句首时；（only修饰主语时，不倒装）
2、so +系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，用在肯定句中表“谁也…”；（而so+主+助，表”谁的确..”）
省略
状语从句的省略
1、在时间、地点、条件、方式、让步状语从句中：
同时a、从句主语=主句的主语或从句主语是it；
满足：b、从句谓语含有动词be→省略从句的主语+be
2024年新高考版英语主谓一致、虚拟语气、省略、倒装、强调讲解部分
“a number of+复数名词”作主 A number of other plants were
语时,谓语动词用复数形式,意为 found in America.在美洲还发现
“许多……”;“the number of+ 了许多其他的植物。
复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词 The number of people who travel
复合不定代词someone、anyone、everyone、nobody/no one、something、anything、everything、nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数
If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call me.如果有人看 到莉萨,请她给我打个电话。 Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.世上无难 事,只怕有心人。
If he shouldn't come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.如果他 明天不来,我们就推迟 这个会议。
使用“(should+)动词原形”的虚拟语气 1.用于宾语从句 以下动词后的宾语从句常常使用虚拟语气,即谓语为“(should+)动词原 形”。
原则
意义 一致
课标必备点梳理
常见用法
例句
当“几分之几/百分之几/half/ the rest/most+of+名词”结构作 主语时,一般根据of后的名词的 单复数决定谓语动词的单复数
20% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up. 这个城市中百分之二十的人反 对自来水价格上调。
特殊结构的用法总结与归纳倒装句省略句被动语态等特殊句型解析
特殊结构的用法总结与归纳倒装句省略句被动语态等特殊句型解析特殊结构是指在英语语法中，具有一定特殊用法或形式的句子结构。
这些特殊结构包括倒装句、省略句和被动语态等。
本文将对这些特殊句型进行总结与归纳，并解析其具体用法。
1. 倒装句（Inversion Sentences）倒装句是指将主语和谓语的语序颠倒的句型。
主要分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种情况。
1.1 完全倒装（Full Inversion）完全倒装句的结构是将助动词、情态动词或者be动词放在句首，其后紧跟主语，再接上谓语动词。
例：Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.Not only does she play the violin, but she also sings beautifully.1.2 部分倒装（Partial Inversion）部分倒装句通常在以下情况下使用：1）当表示否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时；2）当表示“只有”之类的副词或短语放在句首时；3）当表示“地方状语+副词”或“副词+副词”时。
例：Under no circumstances can you leave the classroom.Only in this way can we solve the problem.Upstairs in his room sat the boy.2. 省略句（Elliptical Sentences）省略句是指在句子中省略了某些成分，但读者或听者通过上下文仍能理解被省略的内容。
省略句可以简化表达，增强语言流畅性。
2.1 主语的省略当前后两个句子的主语一致时，可以省略第二个句子中的主语。
例：Mary is playing basketball. John is playing basketball too.→ Mary is playing basketball. So is John.2.2 谓语的省略在某些情况下，如果主语都一样，谓语动词可以省略。
第二部分第十讲特殊句式和主谓一致
第十讲特殊句式和主谓一致一、倒装二、省略四、There be句型1．语法一致原则主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
①Mr Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。
②I think Tom，rather than you，is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。
2．就近一致原则(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
3．意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。
A needle and thread was given to her，but she could not sew the button on.针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。
特殊句式(强调、省略、主谓一致、倒装及其他)高考英语 语法
find out ________ the rich merchant.
A．who it was that killed C．it was who killed 解析： B．who was it that killed D．who was it killed
考查强调句型。强调句型的疑问句结构为：疑问词＋is it
Dr Smith 将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。
In my opinion，he，rather than you，is to blame. 依我看来，他，而不是你该受谴责。
(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主
语保持一致。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。 2．意义一致原则 (1)谓语动词为单数的情况
2．(2011· 潍坊质量监测)When people cut down big trees，new
trees should be planted.________they will have no trees to cut down in the
future. A．If not C．If no so 解析： B．If so D．If don’t
语动词应该与or后面的名词保持一致，使用单数；根据语意可知，应该
使用被动语态。
答案： A
2．(2010· 海淀第二学期期末)—Have you heard that Jones，along
＋that...而这里是强调句的疑问句结构作宾语，故用正常的陈述语序，
所以答案为A。
答案： A
1．在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，
高考英语特殊句式(强调.倒装.省略)
特殊句式(倒装、强调与省略)一、倒装1．全部倒装。
全部倒装是将谓语的全部提到主语之前。
(1)表示方位的副词(如there，here，up，down，out，in，away, over, off, back 等)位于句首，句子谓语是go，come，run，rush等表示位置的动词，可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
另外，表示时间的副词now, then, thus引导的句子也是全部倒装。
如：There goes the bell.铃响了。
Then came the chairman. 主席来了。
Off went the horse. In came the boss.From the speaker comes the doctor’s voice.(2)表示方位的介词短语位于句首。
如：In the middle of the mountain lies a temple.(3)表语位于句首。
如：Seated in the lecture hall are hundreds of students.Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests. (4)There be 句型(be可换成live, stand, lie, come, exist, seem, appear等). 如：There still exist some problems.注意：句子的主语为人称代词时，句子不倒装。
Here it is. Away they went.2．部分倒装。
部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。
(1)在下列否定副词位于句首时用部分倒装语序：从不never；任何地方都不nowhere；很少seldom, little, few, rarely；刚刚，几乎不hardly, scarcely, barely；两者都不neither… nor…；决不by no means, at no time, under no circumstances, on no account …Never in all my life have I felt so humiliated.我这辈子从未感到如此受辱。
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第十讲特殊句式（倒装，省略，主谓一致等）1．完全倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。
John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。
[点津]上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。
Away they went.他们走了。
(2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。
Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。
Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。
2．部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.(摘自2011湖南高考)直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。
(2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。
Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(摘自2010江西高考)直到他离开了家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。
(3)hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.一听到这个消息他就哭了。
The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。
(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语……。
Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her.自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。
[点津]so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。
—It is too hot. ——天太热了。
—So it is. ——是啊，的确很热。
(5)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。
So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。
(6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。
句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。
Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(摘自2009重庆高考) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。
Much as he likes the car, he can't afford it.尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。
1．The notice says that only when your identity has been checked ________________. (allow)通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。
答案：will you be allowed in2．We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______________________ about how they work.(think)听到笑话我们会大笑，但是我们很少思考他们是怎样起作用的。
答案：do we think1．强调句型结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他部分。
如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。
(1)时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。
即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调句中就用was；若原句为现在的某种时态，强调句中就用is。
(2)句型变化：①be 动词置于句首构成一般疑问句。
Was it in the park that you met him?你是在公园遇见他的吗？②特殊疑问词＋be＋it＋that ...？构成特殊疑问句。
What was it that prevented him from coming in time?是什么阻止了他及时赶来？③反意疑问句必须和主句一致。
It was at ten last night that I knew the news, wasn't it?是在昨天晚上十点我知道的这个消息，是不是？(3)人称和数的运用：被强调的部分如果是句子的主语，that/who 之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。
It is I that/who am your friend that will come to see you.正是作为你朋友的我要来看你。
(4)对not ... until ...结构的强调：强调not ...until ...句型的时间状语时，要把not 与until 放在一起。
It was not until 10 o'clock that I finished my homework.直到十点钟，我才完成作业。
2．强调句型与相关句型的辨析(1)与定语从句的辨析：①It was in the factory that they met for the first time. ②It was the factory where they met for the first time.句①为强调句型，强调的是地点状语in the factory，该句可还原为：They met in the factory for the first time.。
句②为含有一个定语从句的主从复合句，where 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the factory，并在从句中作地点状语，不可用that。
(2)与主语从句的辨析：①It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit. ②It's true that they are going to visit the Great Wall.句①为强调句型，强调的是宾语the Great Wall。
该句可还原为：They are going to visit the Great Wall.。
句②为含有一个主语从句的复合句，that 引导的从句是句子的真正主语，it 为形式主语，该句可改为：That they are going to visit the Great Wall is true.。
(3)与状语从句的辨析：①It was at 8 o'clock that he arrived home. ②It was 8 o'clock when he arrived home.句①为强调句型，强调的是时间状语at 8 o'clock，该句可还原为：He arrived home at 8 o'clock.。
句②为when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句。
(4)与同位语从句的辨析：①It is the fact that has made us unhappy. ②It is a fact that he has lost the game by one score.句①为强调句型，强调的是主语the fact，该句可还原为：The fact has made us unhappy.。
句②为同位语从句，that 引导的同位语从句解释的是fact 的内容。
3．谓语动词的强调强调句型不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语，用助动词do，did 或does。
He did write to you last week.他在上周确实给你写信了。
1．It was not until midnight _________________ because of traffic jams.(get)因为交通阻塞直到午夜我们才到家。
答案：that we got home2．I can't figure out ______________ that makes him so difficult at school.(be)。
我弄不明白到底是什么使他在学校(过得)如此难。
答案：what it is1．在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be 动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。