特殊句式与主谓一致
高中英语：主谓一致和特殊句式语法知识点
高中英语：主谓一致和特殊句式语法知识点主谓一致的核心考点1.就近一致原则(1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.2.意义一致原则(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer.(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。
当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
附录 五、特殊句式(主谓一致,倒装,省略等)
——你相信我们队会赢吗？
——我猜会赢。
综合验证
3．不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。
(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be
afraid/glad/happy；expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后边。
综合验证
(6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓
语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形 ＋as/though＋主语＋其他。
Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the
job just to get some work experience. 经验他还是接受了。 Much as he likes the car, he can't afford it. (2009· 重庆卷) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作
综合验证
五、特殊句式(主谓一致，倒装，省略等)
揭秘“潜规则”
潜规则一 知识回顾 1．完全倒装 倒装句
(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如
here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。
综合验证
(2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主 语”。 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. 许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。 Gone are the days when we were poor. 我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。
特殊句式强调省略主谓一致倒装及其他高考英语 语法
特殊句式强调省略主谓一致倒装及 其他高考英语 语法
特殊句式(强调、省略、主谓一致、 倒装及其他)
1．强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋ 其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
It is only children who make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。 (2009·浙江卷)—I’ve read another book this week. ——这星期我又看了一本书。 —Well，maybe it is not how much you read but what you read that counts. ——嗯，也许重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么。 It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t come to school yesterday.是因为她妈妈病了，她昨天才没来上学的。
Sunday.
A．which
B．that
C．where
D．there
解析： 该题考查句式。该题实际考查的是定语从句，修饰先行词
supermarket。很多考生可能会误认为是强调句。
2018年高考英语考前三个月文档专题一 语法知识 第9讲 Word版含答案
第9讲特殊句式与主谓一致1．Thepublicationof GreatExpectations，which________bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，stren gthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.(2017·江苏，24)A．isB．areC．wasD．were答案C解析考查时态和主谓一致。
句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。
空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“thepublicationof GreatExpectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。
因此选C。
2．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，________asoneofthebestall-roundformsof exercise.(2017·天津，6)A．regardB．isregardedC．areregardedD．regards答案B解析考查主谓一致和语态。
句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。
当主语后面接由alongwith引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C 两项；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项。
故选B项。
3．ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment________Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017·天津，11) A．whoB．whereC．whichD．that答案D解析考查强调句型的判定。
(江苏)2020高考复习：专题11 特殊句式倒装、强调、主谓一致等常考点
专题十一特殊句式(倒装、强调、主谓一致等)常考点近几年，高考中有关特殊句式注重考查知识之间的交叉，因此，也加大了在语境中综合考查语法知识的力度。
在考查强调句的同时，把定语从句、省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句等融合到一起，考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。
1强调句①构成和判断：“It is/was＋被强调的部分(时间状语/地点状语/原因状语/方式状语/名词/代词/从句)＋that(指人可用who)＋句子的其余部分”。
如：It was because he was ill that he was absent.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句。
如：Was_it on the street that_you met Tom?What_was_it_that made him upset?Do you know what_it_was_that_made_him_upset?[注]强调句型用于宾语从句时应用陈述语序。
③not until的强调句，其结构为“It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余部分”。
如：It was not until I came back that he left.④强调谓语用“does/do/did＋动词原形”。
如：He did come back yesterday.①In my opinion，Mr.White ________ good to his students in his class at present.A. does doesB. does didC. does doD. did do②—What did she want to know，Tom?—She wondered ________ we could complete the experiment.A. when was itB. it was when thatC. it was whenD. when it was that③It was on the farm________ they visited ________ they got to know.A. where；thatB. which；whenC. that；thatD. which；which④—________ that he managed to get the information?—Oh，a friend of his helped him.A. Where was itB. What was itC. How was itD. Why was it⑤It was about 600 years ago ________the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when【答案】①C②D③C④C⑤A2it 用法①指代上文的同名同物。
语文特殊句式知识点总结
语文特殊句式知识点总结一、定语从句1. 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，用来限定或修饰先行词，说明先行词的性质、特征等，使句子更加丰富和具体。
2. 关系代词有关系主语、关系宾语和关系状语的功能，分别用“who, whom, whose, which, that”等引导。
3. 关系副词引导的定语从句作状语，有地点、时间、原因、条件等功能，分别用“where, when, why, how”等引导。
二、状语从句1. 状语从句是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的从句，表示时间、原因、条件、目的、方式、比较等不同的状语关系。
2. 状语从句的引导词有与时间有关的“when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until”等；与原因有关的“because, since, as, for”等；与条件有关的“if, unless, as long as, provided that, on condition that”等；与目的有关的“so that, in order that, in case, lest”等；与方式有关的“as, as if, as though, the way”等；与比较有关的“than, as...as”等。
3. 状语从句中的虚拟语气：表示与事实相反的假设时，使用虚拟语气，包括与现在事实相反的“与过去事实相反的“， & 与将来事实相反的“，以及与过去将来事实相反的“假设”和“与过去将来事实相反的假设”。
三、主谓一致1. 主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数方面要保持一致。
一般来说，主谓一致包括单数主语搭配单数谓语，复数主语搭配复数谓语。
2. 主谓一致是指句子中的谓语动词要和主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
如果主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要加-s；如果主语是第三人称复数，谓语动词不加-s。
3. 主语不论位于谓语之前或之后，都决定了谓语动词应该是单数还是复数形式。
中考特殊句式之：主谓一致与倒装句
题目：1－701＝2，要求：只移动一根火柴使等式成立，注意是等式。
主语和谓语保持一致Both reading and writing are learning .读书和写字都是学习。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one’s life.二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。
Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.他全家人和他都不知道那件事。
主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致。
A grammar book helps you learn the rules of a language.(主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式)Grammar books help you learn the rules of a language.(主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式)1．用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Both Tom and Lucy like playing games.Walking and riding are good exercises.2．某些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, clothes, trousers, shorts, shoes, gloves等，只当复数看待，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the thief.My shoes were worn out.Here are two novels. One is written in English. The other is in Chinese.Is everyone here today.Something is wrong with him.None of them has seen the film.Either of the boys is ready.Neither of these words is correct.Each of the pens costs three dollars.Nobody was in.3．不定代词somebody/thing/one, anybody/thing/one, everybody/thing/one, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主语，谓语动词用单数。
有关特殊句式的几个考点归纳
考点剖析常见的特殊句式有倒装句、强调句、省略句。
这些特殊句式在考试中出现频率很高，且考查时会结合其它的知识点进行综合考查，从而增加了考查的难度。
这就需要学生掌握各类特殊句的功能以及用法。
下面结合近几年的考题进行分析，旨在帮助学生更加高效地掌握特殊句式的运用方法。
一、强调句考点分析强调句是为了表达说话者的感情色彩，着重强调的成分。
被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。
强调的成分不同，则表达的意思重点亦不同。
学生可通过掌握不同的句式结构，分析强调句强调的成分，选用准确的引导词。
如，2021年山西大同学情调研第65题：It is through responsibility,self-regulation and collective dis-cipline____Parisians will help health workers in their fight against the epidemic(流行病).解析：句子结构为“It is＋被强调的部分（self-reg⁃ulation and collective discipline）＋that/who＋其他部分”，被强调的部分是方式状语，则空处需用that。
句子大意：正是通过责任、自律、集体纪律，巴黎人能帮助卫生工作者抗击疫情。
2020年黑龙江大庆实验中学开学考试第65题：It’s in this magical world_____Miguel gets to discov-er the truth about his great-great-grandpa.解析：根据句子结构推知是强调句型，强调的是空前的in this magical world（地点状语），则空处需填that。
2019年上海卷第27题：...it is on the same beach...____the females lay...解析：通过分析，可知是强调句，即去掉“It is/It was”和that之后，不影响句子结构和意义的完整性。
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5 ． ______________________ ， he is always thinking of others.他虽然是个孩子，但他总是替别人着想。
[答案] Child as he is
考向一
倒装句
(2014· 全国大纲卷改编)Not only__________the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
[答案] can you succeed
3 ． Seldom in my life ______________________such a determined man.我一生很少遇到这么有决心的人。
[答案] have I met
4．______________________， I would do the work better. 我要是你，我会把工作做得更好。
Had it been possible, I would have joined you to help them. 如果可能的话，我会和你一起帮助他们。(相当于 If it had been possible) Should there be a flood, what could we do？如果发生洪灾， 我们该怎么办？(相当于 If there should be a flood)
[答案]
that
4．__________was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
[答案] It
5．There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, is__________？
[答案] there
6．All the evidence __________(show) that smoking does harm to health.
[答案] shows
7． The teacher, as well as the students, __________(interview) after the examination.
⑥以 as/though 引导的让步状语从句通常倒装，其结构为： a．形容词/副词/名词＋ as/though＋主语＋谓语 b．动词＋as/though＋主语＋情态动词 Child as she was, she knows a lot.虽然她只是个孩子，但她 懂得很多。(相当于 Though/Although she was a child) Hard as he might try, he couldn't finish the task in time. 尽 管他可能十分努力，但是他仍不能及时地完成任务。 ( 相当于 Though/Although he might try hard)
[答案] was interviewed
8．Each boy and each girl __________(go) to school on time every day.
[答案] goes
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
9．Hurry up, __________you'll be late.
[答案] or
10．Show us some evidence, __________we'll believe you.
④用于 so/such...that 句型，so/such 臵于句首时，采用部分 倒装。 ⑤用于省略 if 的虚拟条件句：含有 should，had 或 were 的 虚拟条件句， 省略 if 时必须将 should， had 或 were 提到主语前。 Were I you, I would do the work better.如果我是你，我会把 工作做得更好。(相当于 If were you)
[答案]
will
4．(2014· 江西南昌高三调研改编)—Was it by cutting down staff who are not diligent enough __________ she
saved the firm? —No, it was by improving work efficiency.
[答案] and
Ⅱ.完成句子 1． One the top of the hill______________________.山顶上耸 立着一棵大树。
[答案] stands a tall tree
2． Only in this way ______________________.只有采用这种 方法你才能成功。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Once __________(injure), they must be sent to hospital.
[答案] injured
2．Let us have a go，__________you?
[答案] will
3．It was at the street__________Mary met him.
他班上的尖子生之一。否定词 not 臵于句首，所以此处用部分倒 装。
[答案]
did
3 ． (2013· 江 西 卷 改 编 )Only when he apologizes for his rudeness__________ I speak to him again.
[解析] 句意：只有当他为他的粗鲁道歉时，我才会再和他 说话。 “Only＋状语或者状语从句”臵于句首时， 主句应用部分 倒装；根据句意可知，主句应用一般将来时。
特别提醒：主语为代词时，注意句子的语序。 Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。 ②such 放在句首，且在句中作表语时。 Such are the facts；no one can deny them.这些就是事实； 没有人可以否认。
(2)部分倒装 ①否定词：not(不)，seldom(很少)，never(从不)，hardly(几 乎不)，barely(几乎不)，scarcely(几乎不)，little(完全不)，never before( 以 前 从 不 ) ， not...until( 直 到 „„ 才 ) ， no sooner... than(刚„„就)＝hardly...when，by no means(决不)，under no circumstances( 决不 ) ， in no case( 决不 ) ， nowhere( 没有地方 ), neither, nor ， rarely, no longer, not until, at no time, on no account 等放在句首， 需用部分倒装。 not only...but also(不仅„„ 而且)连接并列句时，前一分句用部分倒装。
专题十二
特殊句式与主谓一致
特殊句式在近几年高考中是常考的内容，学 习时必须弄清以下几点 (1)全部倒装和部分倒装如何使用。 (2)强调句的基本结构：一般疑问式、特殊疑问式。 (3)强调结构与定语从句的混合使用。
(4)强调结构与状语从句的区别。 (5)状语从句、并列句、不定式三种形式的省略。 (6)牢记主谓一致的三原则：意义一致、语法一致、就近一 致。 (7)祈使句与陈述句的区别。
【解析】 考查倒装句式和时态。句意：只有当你能找到内 心的安宁时， 你才能与他人保持良好的关系。 本句以 Only 开头， 故主句部分要用部分倒装，且根据句意可知，主句需用一般将来 时。
【答案】 will
(2014· 陕西卷改编)No sooner__________Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
②“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句作状语放在句首，主句 要采用部分倒装。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他 回来时，我们才查明了真相。
③“so＋助动词/be 动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示前面所说 的肯定情况也适用于其他人或物；“neither/nor＋助动词/be 动 词/情态动词十主语”，表示前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他 人或物。 I am watching TV. So is she.我在看电视。她也是。 My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I．我父母昨晚没看电视，我也没看。
[解析] 句意：——她就是通过裁减不够勤奋的员工拯救了 公司吗？——不是的， 是通过提高工作效率。 “________she saved the firm”与“was it...”构成强调句型的一般疑问句式，故用 that。
[答案]
that
5 ． (2014· 成 都 二 诊 改 编 )So involved in their computers __________the children become that leaders of the summer computer camp often have to force them to break for sports and games.
[答案] be treated
2． (2013· 湖南卷改编)Not once__________it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
[解析]
句意：Michael 从来没有想到过有一天自己会成为
【解析】 考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅希望涨工资，还 希望减少工时。not only...连接并列分句臵于句首时，其后要用 倒装。