cook a cause
厨房里不好的现象英语作文
厨房里不好的现象英语作文Possible essay:Problems in the Kitchen。
The kitchen is one of the most important rooms in a house, where people prepare and cook food, eat, and socialize. However, it is also a place where various problems can arise, from hygiene and safety issues to organizational and design flaws. In this essay, I will discuss some of the common problems in the kitchen and suggest some solutions.One of the most obvious problems in the kitchen is dirt and germs. Since food is often handled and stored in the kitchen, it is essential to keep it clean and sanitized. However, many people neglect this aspect and leave food scraps, spills, and stains on the counter, sink, floor, and appliances. This can attract pests, such as ants, cockroaches, and mice, that can contaminate the food andspread diseases. Moreover, dirty kitchen surfaces canharbor bacteria, viruses, and fungi that can cause food poisoning, infections, and allergies.To avoid these problems, it is important to clean the kitchen regularly and thoroughly. This means wiping the counters, sink, and stove after each use, sweeping or vacuuming the floor daily, and washing the dishes, utensils, and towels frequently. It also means using disinfectants, such as bleach or vinegar, to kill germs and prevent mold and mildew. Additionally, it is advisable to store food in sealed containers or bags, and to throw away expired or spoiled food promptly.Another problem in the kitchen is clutter and disorganization. Many kitchens are crowded with appliances, gadgets, containers, and other items that are not used or needed. This can make it hard to find things, create a mess, and impede movement and workflow. Moreover, clutter can bea fire hazard, as it can block access to the stove, oven,or electrical outlets, and cause accidents.To solve this problem, it is important to declutter and organize the kitchen regularly. This means getting rid of items that are broken, duplicate, or unused, and keeping only the essentials. It also means assigning a place for each item, such as a drawer, cabinet, or shelf, andlabeling or grouping them according to their function or frequency of use. Additionally, it is advisable to investin some space-saving and multi-functional tools, such as a magnetic knife holder, a hanging pot rack, or a foldable step stool.A third problem in the kitchen is poor ventilation and lighting. Since cooking can produce smoke, steam, and odors, it is essential to have a good ventilation system that can remove them and maintain a healthy and comfortable environment. However, many kitchens have inadequate or outdated ventilation, such as a small window, a weak fan,or no exhaust at all. This can cause the air to become stale, humid, and polluted, and affect the health and moodof the occupants. Moreover, poor lighting can make it hardto see and work in the kitchen, especially at night or in the winter.To improve ventilation and lighting in the kitchen, itis important to install or upgrade the appropriate systems. This means installing a range hood or an exhaust fan that can vent the smoke and steam outside, or a recirculating hood that can filter and recirculate the air back into the kitchen. It also means adding more windows, skylights, or light fixtures that can provide natural or artificial light, and using bulbs that are energy-efficient and bright enough. Additionally, it is advisable to open the windows or doors when cooking, and to use a portable fan or air purifier if necessary.In conclusion, the kitchen is a vital part of the house that requires attention and care to function well and safely. By addressing the problems of dirt and germs,clutter and disorganization, and poor ventilation and lighting, we can create a clean, comfortable, and efficient kitchen that enhances our health and happiness.。
高中语法填空
(一)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Caffeine CatchCaffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably 56 (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine 57 (be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source of caffeine for most children and even some adults. 58 (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.Small amounts of caffeine-a cup 59 two of coffee a day-seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee 60 the late afternoon or evening will cause 61 (they) to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 62 (call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can't sleep.It is possible 63 caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷）in humans, too. One study showed that 64 (woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely 65 (have) children with birth defects.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
200个相近单词的区别
1.clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数；cloth指布，为不可数名词；clothing 则指服装的总称。
指一件衣服用a piece of,an article of2. incident, accidentincident表示某事件的变数、插曲；accident指不幸的事故，但是happy accident表示意外收获。
eg：He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词。
eg：a number of students4. family, house, homehome指家，包括住处和家人；house房子，住宅；family家庭成员。
eg：My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音；voice人的嗓音；noise噪音。
I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片；picture可指相片，图片，电影片；drawing指画的画eg：Let's go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量；word具体的单词。
eg：He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation人口，人数；people具体的人。
eg：China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather一天内具体的天气状况；climate长期的气候状况。
eg：The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径eg：take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum11. course, subjectcourse课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course12. custom, habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do；habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. eg：I've got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth；reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习eg：Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson；指班级或全体学生用class。
双宾语
可接双宾语的38个常用动词(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物注：有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同，如bring，play等：Bring me today’s paper. = Bring today’s paper to [for] me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。
英语口语：Tocookupsomething编造理由
英语⼝语：Tocookupsomething编造理由英语⼝语：To cook up something 编造理由 Cook可以作为动词。
意思是：在炉⼦上煮吃的东西，cook也可以作为名词。
意思是：厨师。
这是cook这个字最普遍的解释。
但是，To cook up something跟煮东西吃没什么关系。
它的意思是：编造假的.理由来掩盖事实，⽽这样做往往是为了欺骗某⼈，或者为了摆脱⾃⼰所处的困境。
我们来举⼀个例⼦。
这是⼀个⼈下了班在酒吧间⾥跟朋友⼀起喝酒聊天。
他偶然看了⼀下⼿表。
突然，他想起他该去他太太的办公室去接她回家。
他紧张地说： 例句1: Oh, no! It’s after seven o’clock and I promised Susan I’d meet her in front of her office right at six. I better cook up a good story or I’ll be in big trouble. 啊呀，已经七点多了。
我答应苏珊六点钟在她办公室门⼝等她的。
我得想出⼀个好⼀点的理由来解释为什么迟到⼀个多⼩时，否则我可真是⿇烦了。
下⾯我们要举的⼀个例⼦恐怕在哪个国家都有。
这是⼀个孩⼦跟⼏个同学逃学去看电影，但是被⽼师发现，并告诉了家长。
第⼆天，这个孩⼦在对他那⼏个逃学的同学讲他昨天的处境。
例句2: My dad was really angry when I got home yesterday. I cooked up a story about taking a sick classmate to the hospital. But my dad asked for his name and telephone number. So I had to tell the truth. I’m now grounded for a week. 昨天我回家的时候我爸爸⾮常⽣⽓。
初中英语单词1600(全)
a (an) art. 一(个、件……) ability n. 能力;才能able a. 能够;有能力的about ad. 大约;到处;四处prep. 关于;在各处;四处above prep. 在……上面a. 上面的ad. 在……之上abroad ad. 到(在)国外absent a. 缺席,不在accent n. 口音,音调accept vt. 接受accident n. 事故,意外的事ache vi.& n. 痛,疼痛achieve vt. 达到,取得across prep. 横过,穿过act n. 法令,条例v. (戏)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏);行动,做事action n. 行动active a. 积极的,主动的activity n. 活动add vt. 添加,增加address n. 地址advantage n. 优点;好处advertisement n. 广告advice n. 忠告,劝告,建议advise vt. 忠告,劝告,建议afford vt. 负担得起(……的费用);抽得出(时间);提供afraid a. 害怕的;担心after ad. 在后;后来prep. 在……之后;在……后面conj. 在……以后afternoon n. 下午,午后again ad. 再一次;再,又against prep. 对着,反对age n. 年龄;时代ago ad. 以前agree v. 同意;应允agreement n. 同意,一致;协定,协议air n. 空气;大气airline n. 航空公司;航空系统airplane n. (美)飞机airport n. 航空站,飞机场alive a. 活着的,存在的all ad. 全部地a. 全(部);所有的;总;整pron. 全部;全体人员allow vt. 允许,准许almost ad. 几乎,差不多alone a. 单独的,孤独的along ad. 向前;和……一起;一同prep. 沿着;顺着aloud ad. 大声地already ad. 已经also ad. 也although conj. 虽然,尽管always ad. 总是;一直;永远America * n. 美国;美洲American a. 美国的;美国人的n. 美国人among prep. 在……中间;在(三个以上)之间amuse vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐ancient a. 古代的,古老的and conj. 和;又;而angry a. 生气的,愤怒的animal n. 动物another a. 再一;另一;别的;不同的pron. 另一个answer n. 回答,答复;回信;答案v. 回答,答复;回信;(作出)答案ant n. 蚂蚁any pron. (无论)哪一个;哪些任何的;(用于疑问句、否定句)一些;什么anybody pron. 任何人,无论谁anyone pron. 任何人,无论谁anything pron. 什么事(物);任何事(物)anyway ad. 不管怎样anywhere ad. 任何地方appear vi. 出现apple n. 苹果April n. 4 月area n. 面积;地域,地方,区域;范围,领域arm n. 臂, 支架army n. 军队around ad. 在周围;在附近prep. 在……周围;大约arrive vi. 到达;达到article n. 文章;东西;冠词art n. 艺术,美术;技艺as ad.& conj. 像……一样;如同;因为prep. 作为,当做Asia * n. 亚洲Asian a. 亚洲的,亚洲人的n. 亚洲人ask v. 问,询问;请求,要求;邀请asleep a. 睡着的,熟睡at prep. 在(几点钟);在(某处)Atlantic a. 大西洋的attention n. 注意,关心August n. 8 月aunt n. 伯母;舅母;婶;姑;姨Australia * n. 澳洲;澳大利亚Australian a. 澳洲的,澳大利亚人的n. 澳大利亚人autumn n. 秋天,秋季avoid v. 避免,躲开,逃避awake (awoke, awo ken) v. 唤醒醒着的away ad. 离开;远离Bbaby n. 婴儿back ad. 回(原处);向后a. 后面的n. 背后,后部;背background n. 背景bad ( 比较级worse, 最高级worst) a. 坏的;有害的,不利的;严重的bag n. 书包;提包;袋子ball n. 球舞会balloon n. 气球bamboo n. 竹banana n. 香蕉bank n. (河、海、湖的)岸,堤银行baseball n. 棒球basic a. 基本的basket n. 篮子basketball n. 篮球bathroom n. 浴室,盥洗室be v. 是(原形),其人称和时态形式有am, is, are, was, were, being, been ;成为beach n. 海滨,海滩bear n. 熊beat (beat, beaten) v. 敲打;跳动;打赢n. (音乐)节拍beautiful a. 美的,美丽的,美观的because conj. 因为become (became, become) v. 变得;成为bed n. 床bedroom n. 寝室,卧室bee n.. 蜜蜂beef n. 牛肉before prep. 在……以前;在……前面ad. 以前conj. 在……之前begin(began,begun) v. 开始,着手behaviour n. 行为,举止behind prep. ( 表示位置) 在……后面ad. 在后面;向后believe v. 相信,认为bell n. 钟,铃;钟( 铃) 声;钟形物below prep. 在……下面belt n. (皮)带beside prep. 在……旁边;靠近besides prep. 除……以外(还有)ad. 还有,此外between prep. 在(两者)之间;在……中间beyond prep. ( 表示位置) 在……的那边big a. 大的bike = bicycle n. 自行车bill n. 账单;法案,议案;(美)钞票,纸币bird n. 鸟birth n. 出生;诞生birthday n. 生日biscuit n. 饼干bit n. 一点,一些,少量的bitter a. 有苦味的;痛苦的,难过的;严酷的black n. 黑色a. 黑色的blackboard n. 黑板blind a. 瞎的blood n. 血,血液blow n. 击;打击blue n. 蓝色a. 蓝色的悲伤的;沮丧的board n. 木板;布告牌;委员会;(政府的)部v. 上(船、火车、飞机) boat n. 小船,小舟body n. 身体book n. 书;本子v. 预定,定(房间、车票等)boring a. 乏味的,无聊的born a. 出生borrow v. (向别人)借用;借boss n. 领班;老板both a. 两;双pron. 两者;双方bottle n. 瓶子bottom n. 底部;底bowl n. 碗box n. 盒子,箱子boy n. 男孩brain n. 脑(子)brave a. 勇敢的bread n. 面包break (broke, broken) v. 打破(断,碎);损坏,撕开n. 间隙breakfast n. 早餐breath n. 气息;呼吸breathe vi. 呼吸bridge n. 桥bright a. 明亮的;聪明的bring (brought, brought) vt. 拿来,带来,取来brother n. 兄;弟brown n. 褐色,棕色a. 褐色的,棕色的brush v. 刷;擦n. 刷子build (built, built) v. 建筑;造building n. 建筑物;房屋;大楼bun n. 馒头;小甜面包burn (-ed, -ed 或burnt, burnt) v. 燃,烧,着火;使烧焦;使晒黑n. 烧伤;晒伤bus n. 公共汽车business n. (本分)工作,职业;职责;生意,交易;事业busy a. 忙(碌)的but conj. 但是,可是prep. 除了,除……外butter n. 黄油,奶油butterfly n. 蝴蝶buy(bought,bought) vt. 买by prep. 靠近,在……旁;在……时间;不迟于;被;用;由;乘(车) bye int. 再见Ccabbage n. 卷心菜,洋白菜cake n. 蛋糕,糕点;饼call n. 喊,叫;电话,通话v. 称呼;呼唤;喊,叫camel n. 骆驼camera n. 照相机;摄像机camp n. (夏令)营vi. 野营;宿营can 〖could〗〖can't = can not〗modal v. 可能;能够;可以不能Canada * n. 加拿大cancel vt. 取消cancer n. 癌candle n. 蜡烛candy n. 糖果cap n. (无檐的或仅在前面有檐的)帽子;(瓶子的)盖;(钢笔等的)笔套capital n. 首都,省会;大写;资本captain n. (海军)上校;船长,舰长;队长car n. 汽车,小卧车card n.名片;纸牌care n. 照料,保护;小心v. 介意……,在乎;关心careful a. 小心的,仔细的,谨慎的careless a. 粗心的,漫不经心的carry vt. 拿,搬,带,提,抬,背,抱,运等cat n. 猫 ]catch(caught,caught) v. 接住;捉住;赶上;染上(疾病)cause n. 原因,起因vt. 促使,引起,使发生CD 光盘(compact disk 的缩写)CD ROM 信息储存光盘(compact disk read only memory 的缩写) ceiling n. 天花板,顶棚celebrate v. 庆祝cent n. 美分(100 cents = 1 dollar )centre ( 美center ) n. 中心,中央century n. 世纪,百年certain a. (未指明真实名称的)某……;确定的,无疑的;一定会……chair n. 椅子chairman n. 主席,会长;议长chairwoman n. 女主席, 女会长;女议长chalk n. 粉笔chance n. 机会,可能性change n. 零钱;找头v. 改变,变化;更换;兑换cheap a. 便宜的,贱cheat n. & v. 骗取,哄骗;作弊check n. 检查;批改vt. 校对,核对;检查;批改cheer n. & vi. 欢呼;喝彩cheese n. 奶酪chemistry n. 化学chess n. 棋chest n. 箱子;盒子;胸部chicken n. 鸡;鸡肉child ( 复children) n. 孩子,儿童China * n. 中国Chinese a. 中国的;中国人的;中国话的,汉语的n. 中国人;中国话,汉语,中文chocolate n. 巧克力choice n. 选择;抉择choose (chose, chosen) vt. 选择chopsticks n. 筷子Christmas n. 圣诞节(12 月25 日)church n. 教堂;教会cinema n. 电影院;电影circle n. vt. 圆圈将……圈起来city n. 市,城市,都市clap vi. 拍手;鼓掌class n. (学校里的)班;年级;课classmate n. 同班同学classroom n. 教室clean vt. 弄干净,擦干净a. 清洁的,干净的clear a. 清晰的;明亮的;清楚的clever a. 聪明的,伶俐的climb v. 爬,攀登clock n. 钟clone n.克隆(无性繁殖出来的有机体群)close 1 a . 亲密的;近,靠近ad. 近,靠近close 2 vt. 关,关闭cloth n. 布clothes n. 衣服;各种衣物cloud n. 云;云状物;阴影cloudy a. 多云的,阴天的club n. 俱乐部;纸牌中的梅花coach n. 教练;马车;长途车coal n. 煤;煤块coast n. 海岸;海滨coat n. 外套;涂层;表皮;皮毛vt. 给……穿外套;涂上coffee n. 咖啡coin n. 硬币Coke n. 可口可乐cold a. 冷的,寒的n. 寒冷;感冒,伤风collect vt. 收集,搜集college n. 学院;专科学校colour ( 美color) n. 颜色vt. 给……着色,涂色come (came, come) vi. 来,来到comfortable a. 舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的common a. 普通的,一般的;共有的communicate v. 交际;传达(感情,信息等) communication n. 交际;交往;通讯company n. 公司compare vt. 比较,对照competition n. 比赛,竞赛complete a. 完成的vt. 完成,结束composition n. 作文;作曲computer n. 电子计算机concert n. 音乐会;演奏会condition n. 条件,状况conference n. (正式的)会议;讨论connect vt. 连接,把……联系起来consider vt. 考虑continue vi. 继续control vt.& n. 控制conversation n. 谈话,交谈cook n. 炊事员,厨师v. 烹调,做饭cooker n. 炊具( 锅、炉灶、烤炉等)cool a. 凉的,凉爽的;酷copy n. 抄本,副本;一本(份,册……)v. 抄写;复印;(计算机用语)拷(备份盘) corner n. 角;角落;拐角correct v. 改正;纠正a. 正确的,对的;恰当的cost (cost, cost) v. 值(多少钱);花费; n. 价格cotton n. 棉花a. 棉花的cough n.& vi. 咳嗽could modal v. (can 的过去式)可以……;(表示许可或请求)可以……,行count vt. 数,点数country n. 国家;农村,乡下countryside n. 乡下,农村couple n. 夫妇,一对courage n. 勇气;胆略course n. 过程;经过;课程cousin n. 堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹cover n. 盖子;罩v. 覆盖,遮盖;掩盖cow n. 母牛,奶牛crayon n 蜡笔;蜡笔画crazy a. 疯狂的create vt. 创造;造成cross n. 十字形的东西vt. 越过;穿过cruel a. 残忍的,残酷的;无情的cry n. 叫喊;哭声v. 喊叫;哭culture n. 文化cup n. 茶杯cut (cut, cut) v. n. 切,剪,削,割伤口Ddad = daddy n. (口语)爸爸,爹爹daily a. 每日的;日常的ad. 每天n. 日报dance n.& vi. 跳舞danger n. 危险dangerous a. 危险的dare v.& aux. (后接不带to 的不定式;主要用于疑问,否定或条件句)敢,敢于dark n. 黑暗;暗处;日暮a. 黑暗的;暗淡的;深色的date n. 日期;约会daughter n. 女儿day n. (一)天,(一)日;白天dead a. 死的;无生命的deaf a. 聋的deal n. 量,数额;交易dear a . 亲爱的;贵的death n. 死December n. 12 月decide v. 决定;下决心decision n. 决定;决心deep a. 深ad. 深;深厚degree n. 程度;度数;学位delicious a. 美味的,可口的dentist n. 牙科医生depend vi. 依靠,依赖,指望;取决于describe vt. 描写,叙述desk n. 书桌,写字台develop v. (使)发展;(使)发达;(使)发育;开发vt. 冲洗(照片) development n. 发展,发达,发育,开发dialogue ( 美dialog) n. 对话diary n. 日记;日记簿dictionary n. 词典,字典die v. 死difference n. 不同different a. 不同的,有差异的difficult a. 难的;艰难的;不易相处的difficulty n. 困难,费力dig (dug, dug) v. 挖(洞、沟等);掘dinner n. 正餐,宴会direct a. vt. 直接的;直达的;直截了当的指挥;指导;监督;管理;指挥(演奏);导演(电影)direction n. 方向;方位director n. 所长,处长,主任;董事;导演dirty a. 脏的discover vt. 发现discovery n. 发现discuss vt. 讨论,议论discussion n. 讨论,辩论disease n. 病,疾病dish n. 盘,碟;盘装菜;盘形物dismiss vt. 让……离开;遣散;解散;解雇disturb vt. 扰乱;打扰divide vt. 分,划分do (did, done) don't=do not v. & aux. 做,干(用以构成疑问句及否定句。
英语基础词汇表(已整理)
注：n 名词v 动词adj形容词adv 副词prep介词conj 连词phr.短语num数词【A】all adv 都adj 所有的; 全部after prep 在...以后,在...后面ask v 问address n 地址age n 年龄afternoon n 下午,午后answer v 回答any adj (用于否定句,疑问句等)什么,任何animal n 动物about adv 大约prep 关于,对于arm n 手臂;胳膊away adv 离开again adv 又,再artist n 画家,艺术家also adv 也air n 天空,空气afraid adj 害怕的agree v 同意,赞成above prep 在...上面airport n 航空站,飞机场as prep 作为conj 因为,由于conj 按照,如同around prep 在...周围,环绕着ago adv 以前another adj &conj 另一个(的),又一个(的) always adv 总是,一直,经常accident n 事故,灾难anyone pron 任何人across prep 穿过,横过arrive v 到达,抵达某地angry adj 发怒的,生气的already adv 已经attract v 吸引although conj 虽然；尽管allow v 允许，准许amazing adj 令人惊奇的appear v 出现，露面attack n & v 攻击，袭击autumn n 秋天,秋季activity n 活动against prep 与…对抗，对着【B】banana n 香蕉bike n 自行车bus n 公共汽车bird n 鸟boat n 船v 划船but conj 但是box n 盒子,箱子brother n 兄,弟big adj 大的behind prep 在...后面between prep 在(两者)之间black adj 黑色的blue adj & n 蓝色(的)beside prep 在...旁边breakfast n 早餐busy adj 忙的,繁忙的break v.折断,断裂,破碎（broke, broken）n (课间)休息,中断believe v 相信,认为birthday n 生日body n 身体borrow v 借basketball n 蓝球back adv 回(原处) ;向后building n 建筑物bring v 带来,拿来(brought, brought) because conj 因为businessman n 商人bus station n 公共汽车站begin v 开始,着手(began, begun) buy v 买(bought, bought)bright adj 明亮的,灿烂的bad adj 坏的best adj &adv 最好的(地)before prep &adv 在..之前,以前beautiful adj 美丽的,漂亮的bear n 熊bookshop n 书店bank n 银行baby n 婴儿,幼畜both adj & pron 两个(人....)都become v 变得,变成,成为bank n (海,河,湖的)岸,堤blind adj 瞎的,盲的business n 商业,生意,事物billion n 十亿biology n 生物(学)breathe v 呼吸beach n 海（河、湖）滩book v 预定（戏票、车票等）build v 建立，建造(built, built) blow v 吹(blew, blown) beginning n 开始，开端beg v 恳求，乞求boring adj 令人厌烦的beat v 打败，敲打by 被，用，通过【C】class n. 班级,年级can v.aux 能,可以,会clock n 钟cup n 杯子computer n 电脑,电子计算机cake n 蛋糕,饼,糕car n 汽车,小汽车cat n 猫child n 小孩children复数形式come v 来(came, come)coat n 外套,上classmate n 同班同学classroom n 教室camera n 照相机colour n 颜色cool adj 凉快的clothes n 衣服clean adj 干净的,清洁的v 把...弄干净,擦干净could aux (表示许可或请求)可以,行careful adj 小心的;仔细的carry v 携带;搬运;运送catch v 捉;抓住(caught, caught) cook v & n 烹调,煮,烧炊事员,厨师close v 关;闭clear adj清晰的;清楚的;明亮的call v & n 称呼,叫喊,打电话给电话,通话city n 城市cheap adj 便宜的century n 世纪,百年celebrate v 庆祝college n 学院,高等专科学校cinema n 电影院,电影climb v 爬,攀登centre(center) n 中心company n 公司cold adj 冷的,寒冷的careless adj 粗心的,大意的cloud n 云Christmas n 圣诞节chocolate n 巧克力,巧克力糖coffee n 咖啡crossing n 十字路口,交叉点church n 教堂,教会cut v 割,砍,切(cut,cut)corner n 角落,(街道)拐角change v 变化,变更,改变n.零钱care v 介意,在乎,关心cough v & n 咳嗽complain v 抱怨,发牢骚cry v 哭,叫喊cancer n 癌症chemistry n 化学care n 小心,照料,保护clever adj 聪明的,机灵的check v 检查,核对choose v 选择,挑选(chose, chosen) cause v 引起crow v 拥挤competition n 比赛；竞争collect v 收集；搜集contribution n 贡献comfortable adj 舒适的；舒服的capital n 首都cost v 价钱为,花费(金钱、时间等)cost, costchance n 机会cover v 覆盖confidence n 信心，自信correct adj 改正connect v 连接，相连，联系country n 乡村,郊外countryside n 乡下，农村club n 俱乐部，社团country n.国家，祖国；乡下colourful adj 颜色艳丽的challenge n 挑战【D】desk n 书桌doctor n 医生do v 做,干,行动daughter n 女儿door n 门dog n 狗dark adj 深色的,黑暗的draw v 画;绘制(drew, drawn)day n 日;天drink n & v 饮料喝(drank, drunk)dear adj 亲爱的;可爱的different adj 不同的difference n 不同,差异dish n 一道菜,盘,碟driver n 司机,驾驶员discuss v 讨论,议论die v 死亡death n 死,死亡dead adj 死的delicious adj 美味的,可口的develop v 发展,研制,开发dangerous adj 危险的drive v 驾驶(drove, driven)dry adj 干的,干燥的v. 把…弄干，晒干date n 日期daytime n 白天double n & adj 两倍(的),双倍(的) during prep 在...的期间disturb v 妨碍,打扰dream n & v 梦,梦想做梦,向往difficult adj 困难的,难的dance v 跳舞disease n 疾病decide v 决定,决心decision n 决定deaf adj 聋的dive v 潜入(水中),跳水dirty adj 脏的deep adj 深的desert n 沙漠disappear v 消失discover v 发现，发觉danger n 危险dig v 挖，掘(dug, dug)drop v.掉下,落下n 滴，水滴document n 公文，文件discussion n 讨论deserve v 应得，值得…directly adv 直接地【E】egg n 蛋everyone pron 每人,人人excuse v 原谅n 借口，托词evening n 傍晚;晚上eat v 吃eye n 眼睛ear n 耳朵empty adj 空的easy adj 容易的every adj 每一,每个的early adj.&adv 早的(地),初期education n 教育，培养exercise n 锻炼(不可数),做操,练习(可数)expensive adj 昂贵的each pron 各自,各个example n 例子,榜样east n & adj 东方(的),东部(的) exciting adj 令人兴奋的enjoy v 喜欢,享受...乐趣everything pron 每件事,每样东西,一切everywhere adv 到处,无论哪里end n & v 末端,终点,结束exam n 考试even adv 甚至,更everybody pron 每人,人人engineer n 工程师ever adv 曾经encourage v 鼓励especially adv 特别；尤其event n 大事；事件except prep 除……之外environment n 环境explore v 探测，探险earth n 陆地，大地，地球experience n 经验，体验earthquake n 地震excellent adj 极好的，优秀的expect v 期望，预期expert n 专家，内行escape n & v 逃亡，逃走，逃避exactly adv 准确地，严格地enough adj 足够的,充分的entrance n 入口，进口，入场enter v 进入【F】fine adj (身体)好的father n 父亲friend n 朋友forget v 忘记(forgot, forgotten) family n 家,家庭floor n (室内)地,地板flower n 花find v 找到,发现(found, found) found v 建立,成立(founded, founded)football n 足球for prep 为,给funny adj 滑稽的,有趣的favourite adj 特别喜爱的face n 脸;面孔full adj 满的foot n 脚(pl.feet)from prep 从.....起food n 食物fish n 鱼fruit n 水果fun adj 有趣的;愉快的foreign adj 外国的follow v 跟随factory n 工厂farm n 农场farmer n 农民friendly adj 友好的fast adj & adv 快的(地),迅速的(地) field n 地,田地fifth num & adj 第五(的)fish v 钓鱼far adj & adv 远的(地)festival n & adj 节日(的),喜庆(的) free adj 自由的,空闲的feel v 觉得,感到(felt, felt)fall v 落下,跌倒(fell , fallen) finish v 完成,结束fly v 飞,飞行,乘飞机旅行famous adj 有名的,著名的friendship n 友谊,友情few adj 少数的,不多的fact n 事实,实际fat adj 肥胖的future n 将来,未来; in the future 将来fit adj & v 健康的；适合的；（使）适合fail v 失败；不及格flight n 航班，飞行feed v 喂,饲养(fed, fed)fill v 装满，填充flood n & v 洪水，水灾淹没，泛滥forever adv 永远，总是final adj 最后的frightened adj 受惊的，害怕的fix v 修理,安装film n 影片,电影front adj & n 前面(的),前部【G】girl n 女孩grade n. 年级goodbye interj 再见,再会good adj 好的go v 去(went, gone) grandmother n (外)祖母grandfather n (外)祖父guess v 猜get v 得到,获得(got, got)great adj 伟大的,重要的adv (口语)好极了,很好green adj & n 绿色(的)give v 给(gave, given)game n 游戏,运动glass n 玻璃杯grow v 种植,生长(grew, grown) garden n 花(果,菜)园gate n 大门golf n 高尔夫球ground n 地面,土地group n 组，群，团队graduate v 毕业guide n & v 向导，导游者指导，引导grass n 草,草地【H】how adv. (指程度)多少,怎样home n 家hill n 小山have/ has (had) v. 有husband n 丈夫help v 帮助house n 房子half n 半,一半hour n 小时hundred num 百heavy adj 重的head n 头;头部hair n 头发hard adj 困难的; 硬的, 努力high adj & adv 高的homework n 家庭作业hotel n 旅馆,饭馆high school n 中学hot adj 热的,辣的housework n 家务劳动hospital n 医院hobby n 业余爱好health n 健康,卫生helpful adj 有帮助的,有益的happy adj 快乐的,幸福的hometown n 故乡,家乡hike n & v 远足,徒步旅行hurry v 赶快,慌忙hear v 听见,听说(heard, heard) horse n 马hope v 希望healthy adj 健康的,健壮的hate v 讨厌,不喜欢,憎恨heart n 心(脏)happen v (偶然)发生,碰巧hold v 拿,握(held, held)history n 历史(学)hit v 打,击中,撞hurt v 使受伤,痛herself pron 她自己himself pron 他自己hide v 躲藏(hid, hidden)hard-working adj 辛勤工作的,用功的human n & adj 人类(的) human being n 人harm v 损害；伤害however conj 然而，可是hall n 大厅，会堂，会馆huge adj 巨大的hardly adv 几乎不hand n 手hungry adj 饥饿的hat n 帽子(一般指有边的帽子) holiday n 假日,假期hug n 拥抱，紧抱【I】ice n 冰ill adj 病的,不健康的idea n 主意,想法,意见important adj 重要的,重大的inside prep 在...里面if conj 假如,如果, 是否invent v 发明,创造invention n 发明，创造invite v 邀请,招待instead adv 代替,顶替interest n 兴趣interesting adj 有趣的,有意思的imagine v 设想,想像impossible adj 不可能的information n 信息,情报(不可数) increase v 增加，增长improve v 提高,改善ID n 身份征【J】jeep n 吉普车jump v 跳job n 工作just adv 刚刚,方才, 仅仅,只有journey n 旅程；旅行；路程join v 加入；参加joke n 笑话,玩笑【K】know v 知道,懂得(knew, known) kind n 种,类adj 和蔼的,友好的kilometre n 公里,千米keep v 保持,留住(kept, kept)key n 钥匙kill v 杀死,弄死knock v 敲,击knowledge n 知识；学问(不可数) 【L】look v 看let v 让love v 爱,喜爱lock v & n 锁like v 喜欢; prep 像,跟...一样light n 灯little adj & adv 小的,一点儿,稍许late adj & adv 迟的(地),晚的(地lately adv. 近来lunch n 午餐lesson n 课,功课listen v 听leg n 腿long adj 长的lake n 湖learn v 学,学习letter n 信leave v 离去,出发(left, left) language n 语言last adj 最后的; 最近的,最新的;v.持续live v 居住laugh v & n 笑,大笑,笑声land n 陆地,土地lion n 狮子left n & adj 左(的),左边(的)luck n 运气,好运lucky adj 幸运的,侥幸的later adv 以后,后来low adj 低的,浅,矮的lady n 女士,夫人library n 图书馆lab n 实验室loud adj 大声的,响亮的large adj 大的,(数量)多的lose v 丢失,失去; 迷失(方向) (lost, lost)lie v 躺,平躺(lay, lain)life n 生命,生活lifetime n 一生，终生lend v 把…借给，借给(lent, lent) lonely adj 孤独的，寂寞的least n 最少，最小lazy adj 懒惰的【M】man n 男人,人map n 地图mother n 母亲much adv 多,很,非常meet v 见面,会面,遇见(met, met) many adj 许多的,多的must v.aux 必须,应当money n 钱,货币midnight n 午夜mouth n 嘴mend v 修补;修理minute n 分钟,一会儿milk n 牛奶make v 做,制作may v.aux 可以;可能;也许meeting n 会,会议meal n 一餐,一顿饭machine n 机器medicine n 内服药,医学match n 比赛,竞赛moon n 月亮market n 市场,集市manager n 经理,负责人mean v 表示...的意思,意味着n.方法meaning n 意思,意义,含义mountain n 山,高山monkey n 猴子moment n 片刻,瞬间month n 月momery n 记忆力move v 移动,搬动,搬家marry v 结婚music n 音乐;乐曲mail n 邮政,邮递more adv 更,更加maybe adv 也许,大概most pron 大部分,大多数message n 消息,信息make v 使...(发生) (made, made) metal n 金属miss v 错过main adj 主要的mistake n 错误missing adj 丢失的,失踪的myself pron 我自己million n 百万,百万元mention v 提到,说起member n 成员magazine n 杂志merry adj 愉快的；欢乐的modem adj.现代的man-made adj 人造的，人工的mind n & v 思想，想法v. 关心，介意mobile phone n 可移动电话medal n.奖牌【N】nice adj 令人愉快的, 好的,漂亮的new adj 新的now adv 现在near prep 在...附近noon n 中午,正午name n. 名字number n 数字,号码no adv & adj 不,不是not adv 不nurse n 护士news n 新闻,消息never adv 从来,决不nothing pron 没有什么,没有东西need v 需要,必需newspaper n 报纸nearly adv 将近,几乎north n & v 北方(的),北部(的neither…nor…既不，也不noise n 嘈杂声,响声noisy adj 喧闹的,嘈杂的necessary adj 必需的,必要的neighbour n 邻居none pron 一个人也没有；没有任何东西nearby adv 附近natural adj 自然界的，天然的nervous adj 紧张不安的notice v通告,通知next adj 下一个nobody pron 没有人【O】old adj ...岁的,老的elder adj. 年长的orange n 橙子,橘子over adv 在那边,在另一边or conj 或者open v 打开adj 开着的only adv 仅仅,只orange adj & n 橙色(的)out adv 在外other adj 别的;其他的often adv 常常office n 办公室over adv 结束,完了outside prep & adv 在...外oil n 油order n & v 订购,点菜订购单,定购,一份菜ourselves pron 我们自己once adv 曾经,以前once adv 一次the Olympic Games phr. 奥林匹克运动会own v 拥有，所有own adj 自己的outdoor adj 户外的，野外的ocean n 海洋，大洋ordinary adj 普通的，通常的offer v & n 拿出；提供【P】please interj 请pen n 钢笔picture n 图画,照片put v 放phone n 电话,电话机policeman n 警察parents n 父母亲,双亲photo n 照片purse n 钱包play v 玩,打(球)people n 人,人们past prep (超)过,经过adj 过去(的) pleasure n 愉快;高兴plane n 飞机piece n 一张(片;张)potato n (pl.potatoes) 马铃薯;土豆pass v 传递player n 比赛者,选手park n 公园postman n 邮递员post n 邮政,邮寄,邮件post office n 邮局party n 聚会place n 地点,地方playground n (学校的)操场problem n 问题,难题price n 价格,价钱problem n 问题,难题pick v 采摘(花,果实)panda n 熊猫place n 地点,地方plan n 计划paper n 纸,报纸part n 部分painting n 油画,水彩画present n 礼物play n 剧,戏剧pocket n 衣袋passenger n 乘客,旅客push v 推,挤patient n 病人perhaps adv 也许,可能pull v 拉,拖,拔plant n & v 植物种植pain n 疼痛,疼page n (书的)页piano n 钢琴poor adj 贫穷的,可怜的person n 人personal adj 私人的,个人的painter n 画家politely adv 有礼貌地pair n 一对,一双pleasant adj 愉快的,快乐的pink adj 粉红色的,桃红色的pretty adj 漂亮的,美丽的probably adv 很可能；大概pay v 付钱；支付(paid paid)part-time adj & n 非全日工作的；业余时间prize n 奖品；奖赏practice ﹠practise n & v 练习；实践proud adj 自豪的；骄傲的produce v 产生；生产；制造pour v 倒；灌；倾泻public adj 公共的；公众的protect v 保护pity n 遗憾的事，可惜的事press v 按，压population n 人口，人数pollute v 污染，弄脏print v 印刷，印制v 打印pet n 宠爱的动物pause v & n 中止，暂停prevent v 防止，阻止point v 指，指向…printer n 打印机provide v 提供prefer v 宁愿（选择），更喜欢pig n 猪painful adj 疼痛的，痛苦的progress v 进步，提高，前进performance n 演出，成果，成绩popular adj 大众的,流行的possible adj 可能的PE n 体育【Q】question n 问题quick adj 快的,迅速的quickly adv 快地,迅速地quite adv 很,十分queue n (按次序等待的人,车等的)队,行列quiet adj 安静的,平静的quietly adv 安静地,平静地quarrel v 争吵【R】room n 房间right adv & adj 对的,正确的river n 江,河red adj & n 红色(的)robot n 机器人rice n 米饭;大米run v 跑rest n 休息restaurant n 饭馆right n & adj 右(的),右边(的)reply n & v 答复,回答rain v 下雨rock n 摇动,摇滚乐ring v (钟,铃等)响,摇铃(rang, rung) radio n 收音机report n & v 报导,报告rich adj 有钱的,富裕的,丰富的return v 回来,归还result n 结果rather adv 相当review v 复习(功课等)recycle v 再循环；回收再用railway n （英）铁路real adj 真正的，真实的relative n 亲属，亲人rocket n 火箭realize v 察觉，领悟，了解rob v 抢劫robber n 强盗，盗贼rule n 规则，规定ready adj 准备好的,乐意的relax v 放松,轻松rubbish n 垃圾；废物really adv 确实,真正地remember v 记起,想起reach v 到达,抵达,达到refuse v 拒绝receive v 接受，收到，得到read n 读,阅读11road n 道路,公路【S】spell v 拼写secret n 秘密school n 学校sorry adj 对不起,抱歉的student n 学生same adj 同样的,同一的sit v 坐see v 看见,看到shoe n 鞋some pron 一些,若干schoolbag n 书包small adj 小的sky n 天空sheep n 绵羊shirt n (男式)衬衫supper n 晚餐skirt n 女裙speak v 讲,说short adj 短的;矮的say v 说;讲sure adv & adj 的确,一定确信的,肯定的so adv 这么;那么pron 这样;如此son n 儿子sometimes adv 有时sport n 运动swim v 游泳sing v 唱,唱歌sleep v 睡,睡觉shop n 商店supermarket n 超级市场save v 救,挽救,节省soon adv 不久,一会儿stay v 停留(在某处)smoke v & n 吸烟,烟soldier n 士兵,战士station n 车站,所,站study v 学习,研究sometimes adv 有时sun n 太阳ship n 船,轮船sea n 海,海洋story n 故事sell v 卖,售(sold, sold)safe adj 安全的,平安的stand v 站,立second num &adj 第二(的)sound n声音；v听起来start v 开始,着手sweet adj 甜的,可爱的slow adj 慢的,缓慢的summer n 夏天,夏季stop v 停止,中止star n 星星,恒星show n & v 演出,展览给...看,出示strong adj 强壮的,坚强的street n 街道snake n 蛇should v.aux 将,会,应该scientist n 科学家so-so adj (口语)不好不坏的,马马虎虎singer n 歌唱者,歌手song n 歌,歌曲,歌谣someone pron 某人,有人science n (自然)科学subject n 题目,题材,学科12season n 季节spring n 春天snow n & v 雪,下雪snowman n 雪人strange adj 奇怪的,陌生的sunshine n 日光,阳光south n & v 南方(的),南部(的) smile n & v 微笑spend v 花(时间,钱),度过(spent, spent)shout v 呼喊,喊叫Spring Festival n 春节salt n 盐sugar n 糖seem v 好像,似乎sick adj 患病的still adv 仍旧,更suddenly adv 突然地surprise n 惊奇,惊讶serious adj 严重的,严肃的storm n 暴风雨smell v 闻,嗅,散发(气味)solve v 解决,解答sad adj 难过的,悲哀的silently adv 寂静地,沉默地speed n 迅速,速度size n 尺寸,大小seller n 卖者,售货员set v 使开始,安置several adj & pron 几个；若干step n & v 脚步；走；踏入；踩surfing n 冲浪运动since conj 自..以来since conj 由于，既然such adj 这样的slow v 放慢；减速suppose v 猜想scenery n 风景；景色search v 搜查，搜索society n 社会sometime adv （未来的）某时spirit n 精神safety n 安全single adj 单个的，只有一个的shy adj 害羞的，腼腆的special adj 特别的，特殊的stamp n 邮票serve v 服务soil n 土壤，土地sand n 沙，沙子someday adv （今后）有一天space n 空间，太空spaceship n 宇宙飞船send v 送，寄，派（遣）shut v 关（门等）secondhand adj 二手的，用过的shape n 形状，外形successfully adv 圆满地，顺利地，成功地suit n 一套衣服success n 成就，成功spill v 溢出，溅出，洒出(spilt, spilt) steal v 偷，窃取(stole, stolen)shoot v 射击，射死(shot, shot)【T】too adv. 也adv 太think v 想,认为(thought, thought)teacher n 教师today adv & n 今天thanks n 谢谢(只用复数)13sister n 姐,妹these pron 这些those pron 那些tree n 树twin n 双胞胎之一take v 拿到,带到table n 桌子thing n 东西,事情trousers n 裤子time n 时间, n 次数TV n 电视,电视机tall adj 高的term n 学期tell v 告诉;讲述tea n 茶try v 试(做);设法;努力throw v 投,掷(threw, thrown) then adv 那么,然后tennis n 网球(运动)team n 队,组talk v 说话,谈话toy n 玩具;玩物tomorrow n.&adv. 明天;在明天take v 花费(时间)ticket n 票,券the Great Wall n 长城teach v 教,教书textbook n 课本turn n (依次轮流的)顺序,轮流type v (用打字机或电脑)打字train n 火车tear n (常用复数)眼泪,泪珠tomato n (pl.tomatoes)西红柿,蕃茄travel v & n 旅行third num &adj 第三的trip n & v 旅游,旅行top n 顶部tired adj 累的,疲乏的take v 花费(时间),消耗together adv 一起taste v 品尝,有...味道than conj 比....,比较....town n 城镇tiger n 老虎theatre n 剧场,戏院toilet n 厕所turn v (使)转动,(使)翻动tonight adv & n 今晚thousand num 千tourist n 旅游者,观光者true adj 真的,真实的temperature n 温度turn n (依次轮流的)顺序themselves pron 他们自己trouble n 麻烦,烦恼terrible adj 可怕的,感到极不舒服的thin adj 瘦的,薄的tooth n 牙齿through prep 通过,穿过,经过technology n 技术tool n 工具thankful adj 感激的,感谢的toe n 脚趾twice adv 两次；两倍truth n 真理，真相，事实though conj 虽然…，尽管…traditional adj 传统的，惯例的traveller n 旅行者towards prep 向，朝14trap v 使…陷入困境，设陷阱捕捉tent n 帐篷tail n 尾巴，尾部treat v 治疗，对待train v 训练，培养thief n 贼traffic n 交通【U】uncle n 叔,伯,舅,姨父,姑父under prep 在...下面up adv 在上面,在高处,向上,起来usually adv 通常use v 用,使用,运用until prep &pron 到...为止umbrella n 伞,雨伞useful adj 有用的,有益的understand v懂得,理解(understood, understood)unlike prep 不像,和...不同unusual adj 不寻常的,非凡的university n 综合性大学unless conj 除非；如果不universe n 宇宙【V】very adv 很,非常vegetable n 蔬菜volleyball n 排球visit v 访问,参观,拜访village n 村庄,乡村visitor n 参观者,访问者voice n 说话声,嗓音victim n 受害者，受骗者【W】who pron 谁woman n 妇女,女人(women)where adv 在哪里welcome v 欢迎way n 路,道路well interj 喔,那么,好吧will v.aux 将,会,要work v & n 工作wife n 妻子worker n 工人wall n 墙window n 窗worry v (使)担忧with prep 和work n 工作white adj & n 白色(的)want v 要,想要which pron & adj 哪一个,哪些whose pron 谁的watch n & v 手表; 观看,注视wrong adj 不正确的;错误的water n & v 水;浇水write v 写（wrote, written）wear v 穿word n 词,单词why adv 为什么well adj & adv 好,(身体)健康wash v 洗,漱洗weekend n 周末writer n 作家,作者weekday n 工作日,平日(除星期六,日以外)when adv 什么时候,何时conj 当......时walk v 走,步行,散步wish n &v 祝愿,希望,想要wait v 等,等待15winter n 冬天,冬季world n 世界weather n 天气warm adj 暖和的,热情的wet adj 湿的wind n 风west n & adj 西方、西部(的)wine n 酒without prep 无,没有,不waiter n 服务员weak adj 弱的,差的wake v (使)醒来(woke, woken) while n 一会儿whole adj 全部的wonderful adj 极好的,精彩的win v 获胜,赢(won, won)wallet n 钱夹,皮夹while conj 当..时候,和..同时war n 战争wave n 浪；波浪waste adj & n 废弃的；无用的；垃圾；废物whenever conj & adv 无论什么时候；随时whether conj 是否whom pron 谁，哪个人（who的宾格）warn v 警告，提醒wonder v 惊奇，惊讶（对. . ）感到怀疑worth adj 有.. . . 的价值，值得wool n 羊毛，绒线wood n 木头，木材wide adj 宽的worth adj 值得..的，有..的价值wag v 摆动，摇动（尾巴等）wonder v 惊奇，惊讶（对. . . . ）感到怀【Y】young adj 年轻的,幼小的yellow adj & n 黄色(的)yourself pron 你自己year n 年yesterday n & adv 昨天yet adv (用于否定句)还(没)yourselves pron 你们自己yard n 院子【Z】zoo n 动物园16。
如何做好家务的英语作文
As a high school student, I have come to realize that doing household chores is not just a responsibility but also a way to develop essential life skills. Its an aspect of life that many of us take for granted, but its something that Ive learned to appreciate and embrace.Growing up, I watched my parents juggle their professional lives with the daily tasks of maintaining a home. The sight of them sweeping, washing dishes, and tidying up after meals was a common one. It wasnt until I was a bit older that I started to lend a hand, and it was then that I began to understand the value of these tasks.One of the first chores I took on was washing the dishes. At first, it was a tedious task, but as I got the hang of it, I found a rhythm. I learned the importance of using the right amount of dish soap, scrubbing away the remnants of our meals, and rinsing thoroughly to avoid leaving any soap residue. It was a small task, but it taught me about attention to detail and the satisfaction that comes from completing a job well done.As I grew more confident, I started to take on more chores, such as sweeping the floors and vacuuming. The process of sweeping taught me about patience and the importance of covering every inch of the floor to ensure it was clean. Vacuuming, on the other hand, was a more physical task, but it was also a lesson in efficiency, learning how to cover the maximum area with the least amount of effort.One of the most challenging chores Ive taken on is cooking. Its an art that requires precision, timing, and a bit of creativity. I remember the first time Iattempted to cook a meal by myself. It was a simple pasta dish, but it was a disaster. The pasta was overcooked, and the sauce was too watery. However, instead of getting discouraged, I took it as a learning experience.I started to pay more attention to the cooking time, the consistency of the sauce, and the balance of flavors. Now, I can proudly say that I can whip up a decent meal for my family.Doing laundry was another chore that I had to learn. Sorting clothes by color, checking the care labels, and choosing the right detergent were all new concepts for me. I remember the frustration of having a favorite shirt shrink in the wash or a pair of jeans fade due to the wrong detergent. But these experiences taught me about responsibility and the importance of taking care of my belongings.One of the most rewarding aspects of doing household chores is seeing the transformation of a space from cluttered and dirty to clean and organized. Theres a sense of accomplishment that comes from knowing that Ive contributed to maintaining a comfortable and welcoming home for my family.Moreover, doing chores has taught me valuable life skills that extend beyond the home. Its taught me about time management, as Ive learned to juggle my schoolwork, extracurricular activities, and household tasks. Its also taught me about teamwork, as I often collaborate with my siblings to divide and conquer the chores.In conclusion, doing household chores is an integral part of growing up. Itsnot just about keeping a home clean and organized its about developing skills that will serve me well in the future. Its about learning responsibility, attention to detail, efficiency, and teamwork. And most importantly, its about contributing to the wellbeing of my family and understanding the value of a job well done.。
cause的用法总结
cause的用法总结cause的用法总结总结是指社会团体、企业单位和个人在自身的某一时期、某一项目或某些工作告一段落或者全部完成后进行回顾检查、分析评价，从而肯定成绩，得到经验，找出差距，得出教训和一些规律性认识的一种书面材料，它可以有效锻炼我们的语言组织能力，因此好好准备一份总结吧。
那么你真的懂得怎么写总结吗？下面是小编为大家收集的cause的用法总结，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
cause的用法cause词形变化cause相似短语cause同根词cause单词辨析cause的用法一、用作名词The detectives are trying to ascertain the cause.侦探正设法查清原因。
They have cleared up the cause.他们已经搞清原因。
There is no effect without a cause.没有无原因的结果。
You have no cause to complain.你没有理由来抱怨。
二、用作动词1、用作及物动词cause + +n./pron.What caused his illness?他怎么会病的?What caused his death?他的死因是什么?Films can cause harm.胶片可能造成损害。
The fire caused much damage.火灾招致重大损失。
2、用作双宾动词①cause + pron./n. + n./pron.I'm afraid I am causing you much trouble.我担心我给你增添麻烦。
This car has caused me a lot of trouble.这辆车给我带来不少麻烦。
All that he did caused her much inconvenience.所有这一切他都给她增添了麻烦。
This has caused us much anxiety.这事曾使我们极为担心。
厨艺英语知识点总结
厨艺英语知识点总结IntroductionCulinary arts is the art of preparing and cooking food. It encompasses a wide range of topics, from basic cooking techniques to advanced culinary skills. In this article, we will discuss some essential knowledge points in culinary arts, including cooking techniques, kitchen organization, food safety, and culinary careers.Cooking Techniques1. Knife Skills: A key skill in culinary arts is the ability to use a knife effectively. This includes proper handling, cutting, and chopping techniques. A chef should be comfortable using different types of knives for various tasks, such as slicing, dicing, and mincing.2. Cooking Methods: There are several cooking methods that chefs use to prepare food, including grilling, broiling, sautéing, frying, roasting, and steaming. Each method requires a different approach and understanding of how heat affects food.3. Baking and Pastry: Baking and pastry is a specialized area of culinary arts that focuses on the preparation of bread, cakes, pastries, and other baked goods. It requires precise measurements, temperature control, and an understanding of the chemical reactions that occur during baking.4. Sauce Making: Sauces are a key component of many dishes, and chefs must know how to prepare a variety of sauces, including basic sauces like béchamel, velouté, and espagnole, as well as derivative sauces like hollandaise, béarnaise, and bordelaise.5. Seasoning and Flavoring: Understanding how to balance flavors and use seasonings and herbs is essential for any chef. This includes knowledge of when to add salt, how to use spices, and how to create flavor profiles that enhance the taste of a dish.Kitchen Organization1. Workstations: A well-organized kitchen is essential for efficiency. Chefs must know how to set up and maintain different workstations, including prep stations, cooking stations, and plating stations.2. Kitchen Tools and Equipment: From pots and pans to mixers and blenders, a chef must be familiar with a wide range of kitchen tools and equipment. Understanding how to use and maintain these tools ensures a smooth cooking process.3. Time Management: Time is essential in a kitchen, and chefs must have the ability to prioritize tasks and manage their time effectively to ensure that dishes are prepared and served on time.Food Safety1. Hygiene: Maintaining a clean and sanitary kitchen is crucial for food safety. Chefs must know how to handle food properly, wash their hands, and prevent cross-contamination.2. Temperature Control: Understanding the safe cooking temperatures for different types of food is essential for preventing foodborne illness. Chefs must also know how to store and reheat food safely.3. Food Allergies and Dietary Restrictions: Chefs should be aware of common food allergies and dietary restrictions, and they must know how to accommodate these needs when preparing meals.Culinary Careers1. Culinary Training: Many chefs start their careers by attending culinary school or participating in apprenticeship programs. Training provides a foundation in cooking techniques, food safety, and kitchen management.2. Career Paths: There are many career paths within the culinary arts, including being a line cook, sous chef, executive chef, pastry chef, or private chef. Chefs can work in restaurants, hotels, catering companies, or private residences.3. Professional Development: Continuous learning and improvement is important in the culinary arts. Chefs can take additional courses, attend workshops, and pursue certifications to expand their skills and knowledge.ConclusionCulinary arts is a diverse and rewarding field that requires a combination of technical skill, creativity, and passion for food. By mastering essential knowledge points in culinary arts, chefs can excel in their careers and create memorable dining experiences for their customers. From cooking techniques and kitchen organization to food safety and culinary careers, there is much to learn and explore in the world of culinary arts.。
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Materials:
beef / veal 小牛肉；小菜牛/ lamb / steak / chop 排骨/ stew炖肉/ roast / pork / ham /bacon熏肉；咸肉/ sausage 香肠/ cold meats / chicken /
turkey / duck / fish
tomato / asparagus / cucumber黄瓜/ eggplant茄子/ bean / pimento 西班牙甘椒/ potato / carrot 胡萝卜/ cauliflower 花椰菜/ broccoli 椰菜/ pumpkin 南瓜/ cabbage / chilli 红辣椒/ fennel 茴香/ lettuce 生菜；莴苣/celery 芹菜/ onion / leek / radish 萝卜/ mushroom /
Flavorings调味品:
Garlic 大蒜/ chives 细香葱/ pepper 胡椒粉/ marmalade 橘子和柠檬等做的果酱/ spices 香料；调味品/ salt / sugar / vinegar /sauce / oil / salad oil / mustard 芥末/ clove丁香/ msg
味精
Kitchen tools:
juice extractor榨取机/ bottle cap opener / pressure cooker炊具/ ladle 长柄勺/
kettle 水壶／whistling kettle 鸣笛水壶／whistle
鸣笛／teapot 茶壶toaster 烤箱／refrigerator-freezer,
fridge-freezer 冰箱／dishwasher 洗碗机／draining
board 沥水板(美作:drainboard)／microwave 微波炉／cooker 灶(美作:stove)／food processor 食品加工机／blender 搅拌机／fruit and vegetable juice extractor 果汁机／corkscrew 开塞钻／bottle cap opener 瓶盖启子／pot 锅／stew pot 炖锅／cover, lid 锅盖／
handle 锅耳／frying pan 煎锅／handle 锅把／
pressure cooker 压力锅／pressure valve 压力阀／wok 炒勺／ladle 勺／rolling pin 擀面杖
Procedures:
boil / fry /deep fry / steam / broil 烤（肉）/ roast / bake 烘焙/ shell 脱壳/ peel 剥落/ slice切片/ chop 剁碎/ shred 切碎/ dice 切块/ knead 揉成团/ mash 捣碎/ braise 炖；蒸/ stir-fry, stew
Ex. Four
You are opening a new restaurant. Plan your menu for the first night.
1. What are you going to call your restaurant?
2. Where in the town is it going to be?
3. What opening hours are you going to have?
4. What style of food are you going to offer?
5. What will your restaurant look like?
--- what color of your rooms?
---what style of your furniture?
---what kind of lighting?
---what pictures on the wall?
6. What special features are you going to have?
---live music?
---candle?
---open cooking fire
---any other?
attract attention, good location, antique(古色古香), soft light/color, silver candle stick, landscape painting, strong in color, romantic atmosphere,
linen tablecloth, dinner service/set, solicitous in service, dine out, snack bar, grillroom, buffet, diner, cafeteria, luncheonette
fried squid rolls
braised turtle in clear soup
fried froglegs with vegetables
abalone with mixed meats
crabs with bean paste
lobster with chili sauce
braised assorted vegetables
beancurds in earthen-pot
honey ham
stewed fish with pickles
sour and chili soup
bloated fish
fried fresh water fish balls
sweet and sour fish slices
roasted goose
shredded yellow fish
fish prepared in two different ways
diced chicken with bean paste
spiced chicken
omelet chicken slices
eight treasures duck
cook wine
star anise
fixings
monosodium glutamate
chili soil
soy, sauce
oyster sauce
brown vinegar
ginger
garlic。