2012年高考真题——历史(上海卷)Word版 含答案
2012年高考真题——生物(上海卷)解析版
2012年高考真题——生物（上海卷）解析版由细胞形态判断，下列细胞中最可能连续分裂的是【答案解析】BA为精子，C为肌细胞，D为神经细胞，皆为高度分化的细胞，不具备分裂能力。
如果图1表示纤维素的结构组成方式，那么符合图2所示结构组成方式的是①核酸①多肽①淀粉A．①① B．①①C．①① D．①①①【答案解析】A图1可表示由相同的单体构成的生物大分子，图2表示由不同的单体构成的生物大分子。
纤维素和淀粉都是有葡萄糖聚合形成的，只有一种单体，可用图1表示；而核酸是由四种不同的核苷酸连接而成的，可以用图2表示；多肽是由不同种类的氨基酸脱水缩合形成，也可用图2表示；故A选项正确。
下列食物营养成分与鉴定试剂及显色反应之间的对应关系中，错误的是A．淀粉：碘液，蓝紫色B．还原糖：班氏试剂，红黄色C．脂肪：苏丹III染液，橘红色D．蛋白质：双缩脲试剂，黄绿色【答案解析】D蛋白质可用双缩脲试剂检测，但呈紫色。
图3为某细胞结构的电镜照片，与图中箭头所指“小点”结构形成有关的是A．核仁B．中心体C．叶绿体D．溶酶体【答案解析】A[z_zs_]从图中可以看出，图中箭头所指“小点”为核糖体，而核仁与rRNA的合成及核糖体的形成有关。
微生物的种类繁多，下列微生物中属于原核生物的是①黏菌①酵母菌①蓝细菌①大肠杆菌①乳酸杆菌A．①①① B．①①① C．①①① D．①①①【答案解析】C酵母菌为常见单细胞真菌，A和B错；C和D的区别在于①和①，蓝细菌也叫蓝藻，属于原核生物，故C正确。
黏菌是介于原生动物和真菌之间的真核生物,故D 错误。
生物体中的某种肽酶可水解肽链末端的肽键，导致A．蛋白质分解为多肽链B．多肽链分解为若干短肽C．多肽链分解为氨基酸D．氨基酸分解为氨基和碳链化合物【答案解析】C[中教网]酶具有专一性，蛋白酶将蛋白质水解成多肽，根据题干信息，可知某种肽酶使末端的肽键水解，这样会得到一个氨基酸和一条肽链，这时多肽又出现新的末端肽键，这样水解，直到把多肽全水解为氨基酸。
中国古代改革回眸高考真题汇编
中国历史上重大改革回眸高考真题训练一、选择题1．（2012高考文综四川卷〃14）王安石在《河北民》诗中写道，边境百姓“家家养子学耕织，输与官家事夷狄”，感慨他们生不逢时，“汝生不及贞观中，斗粟数钱无兵戎”。
这些诗句表现了作者①对冗兵冗官的不满②对田园生活的赞美③对唐代治世的向往④对北宋孱弱的无奈A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④2．（2012高考文综四川卷〃21）1898年，康有为在《进呈法国革命记序》中说，“普天地杀戮变化之惨，未有若近世革命之祸酷者矣，盖自法肇之也”，“近世万国”目睹其祸，纷纷“行立宪之政，盖皆由法国革命而来。
……亦可鉴也”。
康有为的用意在于A．论证法国大革命的世界意义 B．坚定光绪帝实施变法的决心C．促使光绪帝效法法国大革命 D．阐述法国大革命的严重后果3．（2012高考历史上海卷〃7）“诏迁洛之民，死葬河南，不得还北。
于是代人南迁者，悉为河南洛阳人。
”文中提到的诏书出自A．东周平王 B．东汉光武帝 C．曹魏文帝 D．北魏孝文帝4．（2011年高考全国文综Ⅰ卷〃15题）《光绪朝东华录》载清末颁布的一份懿旨称：“嗣后乡试会试及岁考科考等，悉照旧制，仍以四书文试帖经文策问等项分别考试。
经济特科，易滋流弊，并着即行停罢。
”与这一懿旨的颁布有直接关系的历史事件是A．百日维新 B．戊戌政变 C．清末新政 D．预备立宪5．（2010年高考重庆文综〃16题）近代重庆总商会会所楹联曰：“登高一呼，直召唤四百兆同胞共兴商战；纵目环球，好凭此数千年创局力挽利权。
”该楹联所反映的主张，最早提出的是A．洋务派 B．早期维新派 C．康梁维新派 D．民主革命派6．（2010年海南高考历史〃15题）1864年，有人称：“当今光气大开，远方毕至”，欧洲诸邦“胥聚于我一中国之中，此古今之创事，天地之变局，所谓不世出之机也”。
这一“变局论”A．奠定了戊戌变法的理论基础 B．基本沿袭了传统的夷夏观念·C．反映了对西方文明的抵制态度 D．反映了变法自强思想的出现7．（2010高考广东文综〃13题）北魏均田制实行后，文献中出现了“庄园”一词，被指圈占的成片土地。
2012年高考真题——文数(新课标卷)Word版 含答案
绝密*启用前2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科数学注息事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡相应位置上。
2.问答第Ⅰ卷时。
选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动.用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
写在本试卷上无效.3.回答第Ⅱ卷时。
将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效·4.考试结束后.将本试卷和答且卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给同的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、已知集合A={x |x 2－x －2<0}，B={x |－1<x <1}，则（A ）A ⊂≠B （B ）B ⊂≠A （C ）A=B （D ）A∩B=∅（2）复数z ＝－3+i 2+i的共轭复数是 （A ）2+i （B ）2－i （C ）－1+i （D ）－1－i3、在一组样本数据（x 1，y 1），（x 2，y 2），…，（x n ，y n ）（n ≥2，x 1,x 2,…,x n 不全相等）的散点图中，若所有样本点（x i ，y i ）(i =1,2,…,n )都在直线y =12x +1上，则这组样本数据的样本相关系数为（A ）－1 （B ）0 （C ）12（D ）1 （4）设F 1、F 2是椭圆E ：x 2a 2＋y 2b 2＝1(a >b >0)的左、右焦点，P 为直线x =3a 2上一点，△F 1PF 2是底角为30°的等腰三角形，则E 的离心率为（ ）（A ）12 （B ）23 （C ）34 （D ）455、已知正三角形ABC 的顶点A(1,1)，B(1,3)，顶点C 在第一象限，若点（x ，y ）在△ABC 内部，则z=－x+y 的取值范围是（A ）(1－3，2) （B ）(0，2) （C ）(3－1，2) （D ）(0，1+3)（6）如果执行右边的程序框图，输入正整数N(N≥2)和实数a 1,a 2,…,a N ，输出A,B ，则（A ）A+B 为a 1,a 2,…,a N 的和（B ）A ＋B 2为a 1,a 2,…,a N 的算术平均数 （C ）A 和B 分别是a 1,a 2,…,a N 中最大的数和最小的数（D）A和B分别是a1,a2,…,a N中最小的数和最大的数（7）如图，网格纸上小正方形的边长为1，粗线画出的是某几何体的三视图，则此几何体的体积为（A）6（B）9（C）12（D）18(8)平面α截球O 的球面所得圆的半径为1，球心O 到平面α的距离为2，则此球的体积为（A ）6π （B ）43π （C ）46π （D ）63π（9）已知ω>0，0<φ<π，直线x =π4和x =5π4是函数f (x )=sin(ωx +φ)图像的两条相邻的对称轴，则φ=（A ）π4 （B ）π3 （C ）π2 （D ）3π4（10）等轴双曲线C 的中心在原点，焦点在x 轴上，C 与抛物线y 2=16x 的准线交于A ，B 两点，|AB|=43，则C 的实轴长为（A ） 2 （B ）2 2 （C ）4 （D ）8(11)当0<x ≤12时，4x <log a x ，则a 的取值范围是 （A ）(0，22) （B ）(22，1) （C ）(1，2) （D ）(2，2) （12）数列{a n }满足a n +1＋(－1)n a n ＝2n －1，则{a n }的前60项和为（A ）3690 （B ）3660 （C ）1845 （D ）1830第Ⅱ卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。
2024年高考真题——历史(上海卷) Word版含解析
本题是单类型单项选择题。据本题主题干 设问词，可知这是原因题。据本题时间信息可知准确时空是：近代欧洲。根据材料“流水线式生产”，“生产效率不断增加”可知，这主要是由于工业革命后，采用机器生产，流水作业，提高了生产效率，A项正确；资本主义垄断产生之前，已经出现流水作业，排除B项；手工工坊生产效率相对较低，排除C项；殖民活动兴起不会提高生产效率，排除D项。故选A项。
②郑和出使西洋，曾将一批景德镇官窑的瓷器作为外交礼物赠与外邦。他出使的路线是_________。
③16世纪上半叶，葡萄牙向中国订购了一批带有王室徽章的瓷器，其葡萄牙的运输路线是_________。
（3）1784年，美国商船“中国皇后号”抵达中国港口，其与中国的瓷器贸易由官方指定机构代理，该机构是________。（单选）（）
【小问6详解】
本题是双项选择题。时空是古代、近代中国与西方。根据材料“其中的人物形象与中国当时的实际形象不甚相符，表现出欧洲人自己的趣味和风尚”，可知，这是在西方不了解的中国情况下，结合自己的认知和对中国的想象，对中国文化的重构，AC正确；从材料一可知，这是对中国瓷器文化的重构，不是传承，排除B项；材料反映中西文化相互借鉴，没有体现冲突，排除D项。故选AC项。
上海市2024年普通高中学业水平等级考试
历史
免责声明行鉴别
1.瓷器的全球流动
中国瓷器在中西方文明交流过程中，扮演着载体和象征的角色。自新航路开辟以来，中国与欧洲的距离被极大地拉近，从前需要在东南亚、南亚、阿拉伯诸国进行转运的中国瓷器，如今与欧洲有了更直接的联系通道。
【小问7详解】
本题是认识类材料分析题。时空是古代、近代中国与西方。据材料一 图和材料二“珐琅彩瓷装饰题材与风格亦受西方影响”并结合所学可知，文化交流是双向互动的过程。中国古代瓷器输出不仅是一种商业交易，而且是一种文化交流。瓷器作为文化交流载体和媒介，丰富了文化内涵，促进文化发展。根据材料一图片可知，中国瓷器深受海外人们的喜爱，不仅被用于日常生活，且出现大量仿制中国各类瓷器现象，西方学习中国瓷器文化过程中进行了想象和重构，推动文化发展。根据材料二“以中国传统白瓷胎为底，融入西方珐琅彩描绘制作而成。珐琅彩瓷装饰题材与风格亦受西方影响。”可知，中国也借鉴了西方文化，丰富中国瓷器文化。
(完整word版)高考试题历史：选修一、历史上重大改革回眸(解析版)
高考选修真题分类汇总一、历史上重大改革回眸1.（上海历史卷，16）“1895年，适逢甲午惨败，日本逼签条约，在北京应试的康有为等人联络各省官员上书光绪帝，要求拒签条约，变法图强，史称公车上书。
”文中错误的表述是A.领导人 B .时间C .参加者 D .地点答案：C康有为发动“公车上书”联络的是各省的“会试举人”。
2.（上海历史卷，17）明治维新时期，西服流行的同时，和服被当作最华丽的礼服保留下来；酒吧多起来了，茶室依然是人们的精神净地；西洋歌剧开始唱响，能剧和歌舞伎也在走向兴盛。
这反映了当时的日本A.用西方文明提升国民的知识水平 B •引进西方文化以巩固统治C.本土文化与西方文化的多元共存 D •西方文明占据主导地位答案：C传统服饰“和服”与西服、酒吧与茶室、西洋歌剧与传统歌舞伎都能见到，说明当时的日本是本土文化与西方文化并存。
3.（江苏历史卷，25A）【历史上重大改革回眸】（10分）北宋年间，面对严峻的民族矛盾和阶级矛盾，以王安石为首的有识之士在范仲淹“精贡举”的基础上，为实现富国强后的目的，就如何选拔、培养国家急需人才，展开了激烈的急论。
阅读下列材料：材料一（范仲淹）国家专以词赋取士，……求有才有识者，十无一二。
况天下危困乏人如此，固当教以经济之业，取以经济之才，庶可救其不逮。
――［南宋］李焘《续资治通鉴长编》卷一百四十三材料二（苏轼）自唐至今，以诗赋为名臣不可胜数，何负于天下，而必欲废之?（王安石）今人材乏少, 且其学术不一，……朝廷欲有所为，异论纵然，莫肯承听，此盖朝廷不能一道德故也。
故一道德，则修学校，欲修学校，则贡举法不可不举。
……今以少壮时正当讲求天下正理，乃闭门学作诗赋，及其入官，世事皆所不习，此乃科法败坏人才。
（司马光）神宗罢赋、诗及诸科，专用经、义、论、策、此乃复先王令典，百世不易之法。
但安石以一家私学，欲盖掩先儒，令天下学官讲解。
及科场各式，同己者取，异己者黜。
-- ［元］马端临《文献通考》卷三^一一请回答：（1）据材料并结合所学知识，范仲淹、苏轼、王安石、司马光对科举考试内容分别提出了怎样的主张？（4分）（2）结合所学知识，材料二中司马光所学“以一家私学“欲盖掩先儒”指的是什么？它产生了什么样的影响？（4分）（3）据材料二并结合所学知识，王安石兴学校、变科举的主要目的是什么？（2分）【答案】（1）范仲淹：主张考经邦济国之术；苏轼：主张考诗赋；王安石：主张考经义（时务策）；司马光：主张考经义，论、策。
2012年高考真题——历史(江苏卷)word版含答案
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）历史试题一、选择题:本大题共20题,每题3分,共计60分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一项最符合题目要求。
1.“自楚骚、唐律争妍竞畅,而民间性情之响,遂不得列于诗坛,于是别之曰‘山歌’,言田夫野竖矢口寄兴之所为,荐绅学士家不道也。
……山歌虽俚甚矣,独非《郑》、《卫》(国风之篇)之遗欤?”据明代冯梦龙的这段话,与山歌相似、能体现“民间性情之响”的是A.《诗经》B.楚辞C.汉赋D.唐诗2.《周礼•考工记》载:“攻木之工七,攻金之工六,攻皮之工五,设色之工五,刮摩之工五,抟埴之工二。
”材料所反映的当时官营手工业生产的显著特点是A.技术先进,生产标准化B.产品丰富,生产多样化C.分工细致,生产专业化D.产量庞大,生产规模化3.以下关于“市冶的材料中,最符合右图场景的是A.“……立九市,其六市在道西,三市在道东。
B.“凡江淮草市,尽近水际。
C.“千竹夜市喧冶;“蛮声喧夜市。
D.“大街两边民户铺席……约十余里。
4.明成祖时,“特简(选拔)解缙、胡广、杨荣等直文渊阁,参预机务。
阁臣之预机务自此始。
然其时,入内阁者皆编、检、讲读之官,不置官属,不得专制诸司。
……嘉靖以后,朝位班次,俱列六部之上。
冶据此,对明代内阁的说法正确的是A.开辟了入仕做官的新途径B.自设立起即为法定决策机构C.六部逐渐成为内阁下属机构D.地位虽有变化但职能基本未变5.右图为《点石斋画报•快枪述奇》描绘的洋务企业“金陵机器制造局冶试验武器的情景。
图中三人为:官员郭月楼和徐仲虎,工首唐履堂。
图中文云:“工首……匠心运用,造成快枪。
冶从图文可以得出的信息是①晚清官府推动洋务军事工业②洋务产品足令洋人为之汗颜③“师夷长技冶思想的具体实践④标志民族资本主义工业诞生A.①③B.②④C.①②③D.①③④6.1912年3月,南京临时政府令:“查前清官厅,视官之高下,有大人、老爷等名称,受之者增惭,施之者失体。
2012年高考语文(上海卷)真题及答案word版
2012年高考语文（上海卷）真题及答案word版2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海语文试卷考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
4．考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一阅读80分(一)阅读下文，完成第16题。
(16分)应该认真对待文献综述熊易寒①在很长一段时间里，国内学术界都不太重视文献综述。
近年来随着学术规范的逐步建立，这种情况有所转变，不过大多数综述都是罗列式的，报幕似的把相关研究一个一个列出来，丝毫感觉不到这些文献之间存在任何内在的关联，甚至也感觉不到这些文献与作者本人的研究有何相干。
这样的综述机械、突兀，有生拼硬凑之嫌，称之为伪综述亦不为过。
②阅读国际上的顶级学术刊物，有这么几个发现：一、书评以外的论文〔〕有比较翔实的文献综述；二、专门的文献综述性文章〔〕是由该领域的一流学者撰写的；三、对相关著作的征引〔〕采取间接引用的形式，很少直接引用。
这与国内的情形很不一样，值得我们思考。
③为什么必须有文献综述?一篇优秀的文献综述其实就是一幅学术谱系图。
写文献综述不仅是为了陈述以往的相关研究，也不仅仅是为了表示对前辈、同行或知识产权的尊重，更是为了认祖归宗，对自己的研究进行定位。
有时候只有把一篇文献放到学术史的脉络中去，放到学术传统中去，我们才能真正理解这个文本：作者为什么要做这项研究?他的问题是什么?他试图与谁对话?我们在开始一项研究时也同样要有问题意识和对话意识，不能自说自话。
对话的前提自然是倾听，如果连别人说了什么都不知道，如何进行对话?正是在倾听的过程中，我们发现了问题，才需要与对方进行讨论，否则便无话可说。
通过综述的写作，我们就会知道：别人贡献了什么?我打算或者能够贡献什么?我是否在重复劳动?从这个意义上讲，撰写文献综述首先是为了尊重并真正进入一个学术传统，其次才是利他主义功能为他人提供文献检索的路线图。
2012年高考真题——英语(上海卷)Word版_含答案
2012年高考英语试题（上海卷）第1卷（共105分）I . Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ASection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. maintainedB. seriousC. indicationsD. figuresE. anxiousF. concern G crisis H. decided I. available J. reversedFilmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said.Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The 77mes that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight 42 ."There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale."He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.A trial scheme（试行方案）with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely t0 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings,two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think _ 55 _ assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been "lost" . The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of _ 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example,shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone . 62 _ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies.Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50. A.study B.way C.word D.college51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52. A.refuse B.beg C.lose D.receive53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54. A.important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55. A.seek B.deserve C.obtain D.accept56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A.printed B.mailed C.rewritten D.signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61. A.expensive B.plain C.cheap D.strange62. A.time B.instructions C.money D.chances63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Phil White has just returned from an 18,OOO-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ~70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle（车座）and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bikechains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up t0 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr.White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he _.A. broke the world recordB. collected money for OxfamC. destroyed several bikesD. travelled about l,300 hours66. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably mean?A. Very slow but exciting.B. Very long and difficult.C. Very smooth but tiring.D. Very lonely and depressing.67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _ .A. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and coldC. managed to ride against the wind in AustraliaD. had a team of people who travelled with him68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?A. Imaginative.B. Patriotic.C. Modest.D. Determined.(B)The value-packed, all-inclusivesight-seeing package thatcombines the best of Sydney'sharbour, city, bay and beachhighlights.A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the 'red' Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights wlrile the 'blue' Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cru/ses(游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses,Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.SydneyPasses are avai-lable for 3, 5 0r 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 0r 7 days, and Lhe return trip is valid (育效的)for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.SydneyPass Fares*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under ~6 ye rs. Children under 4 years travel free.**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.69. A SydneyPass doesn7t offer unlimited rides onA. the Explorer BusesB. the harbour cruisesC. regular Sydney BusesD. CityRail services70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can _.A. save fares from and to the airportB. take the Sydney Explorer to beachesC. enjoy the famous seafood for freeD. reserve seats easily in a restaurant71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague andher children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.(C)Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals eicher react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females 《'befriend").Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(澈素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin,has been studied in the context of cFuldbirt.h, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor,explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and lessanxious." While men also secrete【分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far. more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to .A. turn to friends for helpB. solve a conflict calmlyC. find an escape from realityD. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74. What can be learned from the passage?A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best ti.tle of the passage?A. How men and women get over stressB. How men and women suffer from stressC. How researchers overcome stress problemsD. How researchers handle stress-related disordersSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. When a child should learn to readB. Why it is fun to teach a child readingC. What if a child has reading problemsD. How you prepare a young child for readingE. What is the best way to teach a child readingF. Whether reading early promises later achievements76.Learning to read early has become one of those indicators - in parents' minds at least – that theirchild is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.77.Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading,and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.78.Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the e&whole language" method and the "phonic" method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a "p" and another a "b". Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.79.You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start "ear training" their child by playing thyme games. This develops the child's ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.80.Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child's learning disabilities.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers crd龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults,with adults worHng and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically,from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. Ln sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (白治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.(Note: Answer the guenons or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)81. "This pattern of age segregation" refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from82. Besides changes in the workplace, are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.83. When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?84. How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?第II卷（共45分）I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．她五年前开始拉小提琴。
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2012年上海高考历史试卷考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、选择题(共75分)以下每小题2分，共60分。
每题只有一个正确选项。
1．在古代世界的文明成果中，被视为王权象征和灵魂安息之所的建筑是A．长城 B．二里头宫殿C．金字塔 D．帕特农神庙2．《左传》日：“桀有昏德，鼎迁于商，载祀六百。
商纣暴虐，鼎迁于周。
”下列成语中的“鼎”与材料中的“鼎”含义相同的是A．人声鼎沸 B．鼎鼎有名C．三足鼎立 D．问鼎中原3．对于研究古代特洛伊战争具有第一手史料价值的作品是A．《希腊史》(格罗特著) B．影片《特洛伊》C．油画《帕里斯的裁判》 D．《荷马史诗》4．公元前217年，某商人在宛(今河南南阳)交易时使用蚁鼻钱(楚国货币)，被当地官府依据《金布律》处罚。
这表明A．秦半两钱过重使用不便 B．蚁鼻钱比秦半两钱值钱C．蚁鼻钱非当时颁定货币 D．秦半两钱未在楚地流通5．①在公元前44年的罗马牧神节上，执政官安东尼两次把王冠戴在恺撒的头上，都遭到了人群的抗议。
②于是恺撒取下王冠，把它存放在朱庇特神庙。
③在那一天，他没有获得皇帝称号。
④事实上自公元前49年起，恺撒己成为罗马的最高统治者，共和制名存实亡。
以上文字中属于历史解释的是A．① B．② C．③ D．④6．有一位历史学家这样描述道：“这座城市位于博斯普鲁斯海峡南端陡峭的岬角上，……这座城市由两扇海上大门保护着，可以禁止无论从爱琴海还是从黑海来的敌船的通行。
”“这座城市”是A．君士坦丁堡 B．雅典 C．威尼斯 D．麦加7．“诏迁洛之民，死葬河南，不得还北。
于是代人南迁者，悉为河南洛阳人。
”文中提到的诏书出自A．东周平王 B．东汉光武帝C．曹魏文帝 D．北魏孝文帝8．下图为初建于中世纪后期的意大利佛罗伦萨市政厅，它是A．市民通过行会组成的政治中心 B．市民与教会共同施政的中心C．市民与庄园主共同施政的中心 D．市民与骑士联合执政的中心9．元朝时右丞相铁木迭儿掌管宣政院，他的儿子也为宣政院使。
《元史·奸臣传》记载了时人的批评，称其“无功于国，尽居贵显。
”宣政院的“贵显”在于A．向各省宣达政令 B．负责中央官员选拔C．管理佛教事务和吐蕃地区 D．掌管蒙古兵马征发10．右图中的斜线部分是中国古代某王朝的直接统治区域。
该王朝是A．西周B．秦朝C．西汉D．唐朝11．日本《养老律令·学令》中规定学校须行“释奠礼”，以祭拜孔子。
该规定最可能出现在A．公元6世纪， B．公元8世纪C．公元10世纪 D．公元12世纪12．哥伦布发现新大陆是人类历史上最大的偶然巧合之一。
由于一系列计算错误，他把西班牙到印度的距离大大缩短了，以致认为到达的地方是A．美洲 B．非洲C．亚洲 D．大洋洲13．公元1500年左右，欧洲出版了大约4万册图书，极大地激发了民众的求知欲。
此种情形直接得益于A．活字印刷术在欧洲的传播B．新教翻译出版圣经的需求C．人文学者传播古典文明的需要D．大学发展对图书需求量的增加14．受棉纺织厂管理改革的影响，曼彻斯特一家别针工场也对其生产模式进行改革，将原本由一名工人单独完成的制作工艺分成二十余道工序，致使别针的产量增长。
类似的工艺改革普遍发生在A．16世纪中叶B．17世纪中叶 C．18世纪中叶D．19世纪中叶15．下图是明人绘制的《南都繁会图卷》，图中传自西方的事物是A．老者的眼镜 B．门前的店幌C．兴盛的商铺 D．商人的衣着16．在中学毕业作文中，马克思以“人类的幸福”和“我们自身的完美”作为自己选择职业的目标，并倾注了毕生精力实践上述理想。
他在19世纪40年代取得的实践成果是A．参与第一国际的创立 B．出版《资本论》C．声援巴黎公社的斗争 D．创立科学社会主义17．19世纪80年代的上海诞生了一批由民族资本家创办的企业，这些企业集中在A．石油化工业 B．冶金采矿业C．机器制造业 D．轻工纺织业18．在1900年的巴黎世博会上，璀璨耀眼的展览场馆和高耸入云的建筑物成为新亮点。
为此提供物质基础的是A．电力与蒸汽 B．电力与钢铁C．蒸汽与煤炭 D．煤炭与钢铁19．根据右图数据判断，该图统计的是1864至1895年中国A．国库白银储备B．领水外轮吨位C．铁路里程数D．茶叶出口额20．右侧是一幅题为“俾斯麦牌香肠”的漫画，它讽喻了俾斯麦的A．武力统一政策B．全球扩张政策C．社会保障政策D．欧洲均势政策21．十月革命期间，全俄工兵代表苏维埃第二次代表大会及时解决了俄国民众最关心的问题，其措施是A．宣布推翻资产阶级掌权的临时政府B．通过《和平法令》和《土地法令》C．通过了《告工人、士兵和农民书》D．选举产生列宁为主席的人民委员会22．“一切传统均不再神圣。
无政府主义、自由主义、唯物主义、实验主义……以及最新的布尔什维克主义，均找到支持者。
”上述情景出现于A．戊戌变法时期 B．清末新政时期C．辛亥革命时期 D．新文化运动时期23．从右侧的书目看，严复的翻译主要涉及哪一领域?A．宗教文化B．科学技术C．社会理论D．文学艺术24．“本宣言签字国政府正对力图征服世界的野蛮和残暴的力量从事共同的斗争，各自保证对与该政府作战的三国同盟成员国及其附从者使用其全部资源。
”宣言中“野蛮和残暴的力量”指的是A．德、日、苏 B．德、意、日C．德、苏、奥 D．德、意、奥25．卢沟桥事变后不久，日本侵略者故伎重演，在侵略华北的同时，把战火烧到华东地区，国守军坚决予以反击，爆发了A．淞沪会战 B．太原会战C．徐州会战 D．武汉会战26．右图是一张黄埔军校的毕业证书，它颁发于A．1924年B．1925年C．1926年D．1927年27．“这条线以西的欧陆各国，一直根据自己的民族传统来解决战争所带来的诸多难题，没有受到英美等国的压力或胁迫。
而这条线以东的欧洲国家的发展，则被打上了外国势力的明显印记。
”上述内容出自A．《开罗宣言》 B．《大西洋宪章》C．《联合国宪章》 D．《马歇尔计划》28．档案资料显示，上世纪50年代中后期，我国人口每年增长都在千万以上。
可是1960年人口出现负增长，减少了1000万。
影响这一变化的政治因素是A．三大改造 B．中苏关系C．文化大革命 D．“三面红旗”29．右图中的农民喜悦之情溢于言表，这是因为他即将A．加入人民公社B．分得土地C．承包土地D．加入合作社30．“我们亚非国家所需要的是和平和独立，我们并无意于使亚非国家同其他地区的国家对立，我们同样需要同其他地区的国家建立和平合作的关系。
”这段话出自A．周恩来在万隆会议上的发言B．乔冠华在中国恢复联合国席位后的讲话C．邓小平出席中美建交招待会时的谈话 D．江泽民在亚太经合组织会议上的讲话以下每小题3分，共15分。
每一选项的分值可能为O、l、1、3分。
选出量佳一项，多选不得分。
31．孔子说：“天何言哉? 四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉?”老子说：“人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。
”韩非子说：“唯夫与天地之剖判也俱生，至天地之消散也不死不衰者谓常。
”从以上儒家、道家、法家言论来推断，三家都A．针对先秦的社会现状提出了共同的政治主张B．认为自然界的存在不以人的意志为转移C．表现出人对自然及其规律的尊崇D．认为自然是可以认识的32．以下哪一情景最贴切地反映了“光荣革命”后确立的君主立宪制的特征?A．国王宣布本年度议会开幕，由议会就税收问题展开辩论B．议会起草有关税收的法律文本，提请国王裁决C．议长宣布议会开会，并主持讨论本年度国家税收D．国王每年盛装莅临议会，宣布本年度议会开幕与闭幕33．托克维尔《论美国的民主》指出，“联邦政府被授予媾和、宣战、缔结商约、征集军队和筹建舰队的专权。
……加入联邦的各州虽然有权修改或改订自己的立法，但不准制定追究既往的法律，不得在本州内组织贵族集团。
”对这段话理解最为准确的是A．联邦政府权力不受制约 B．中央政府与地方分权而治C．中央政府权威得到保障 D．各州政府有较大的自主权34．傅斯年在《历史语言研究所工作之旨趣》一文中指出，“能利用各地各时的直接材料，……材料愈扩充，学问愈进步，……地质、地理、考古、生物、气象、天文等学，无一不供给研究历史问题者之工具，……要把历史学语言学建设得和生物学地质学等同样，乃是我们的同志!”对于上述观点理解最恰当的是A．傅斯年突出史料在史学研究中的重要性B．傅斯年主张在史学研究中运用自然科学的方法C．傅斯年认为历史学应该涵盖各种学科D．傅斯年重史学的客观性而不重史家的主观取向35．《马斯特里赫特条约》规定：到1999年1月1日，即可开始实施欧洲统一货币“欧元”，最迟要在1998年7月1日建立独立于各国政府之外的欧洲中央银行，英国和丹麦不受这一时间表的限制。
这表明欧元A．是布雷顿森林体系瓦解的结果B．是入约各国经济主权让渡的结果C．尚未成为欧盟所有成员国的统一货币 D．加强了各国以货币政策干预经济的能力二、非选择题(共75分)36．梭伦的大盾(12分)古希腊思想家亚里士多德在《雅典政制》一书中对梭伦改革做了如下描述：当梭伦完成上面所述的宪法时，平民时常来找他，并且为着他的法律而使他感到烦恼，批评这些，问问那些；他既不愿变更法律条文，又不愿居留而受谤，所以旅行埃及，以经商和游览该地为目的，声明十年之内，将不回来，因为他认为他没有义务留下来解释法律，大家应该遵从他所写的法律条款。
而且这时他的境遇也很不顺适。
……因为平民期待他制订法律，重新分配一切财产，而贵族则希望他或恢复以前的制度，或只是略加变更；但梭伦双方都不讨好，尽管他如果随意袒护一方，就有成为僭主的可能，他却宁愿遭受双方仇视，而采取曾是最优良的立法，拯救国家。
对于上述情形，不但大家的看法都一致，而且梭伦自己在诗中也这样说：“……我拿着一只大盾，保护两方，不让任何一方不公正地占据优势。
”问题：(1)为何梭伦认为自己可以离开城邦十年不回?(3分)(2)梭伦为何不向平民和贵族任何一方解释法律?(3分)(3)根据材料，你认为推动雅典民主政治的因素有哪些?(6分)37．开国议政(14分)假设你是宋初的决策者，需要做出一项重要的决定——是否大力推行科举制。
决策之前，你需要考虑的因素如下：(1)请你在文本框内的A、B两处填上恰当的文字。
(8分)(2)综合以上因素，你会做出怎样的决策?理由是什么?(6分)38．有学者认为“就世界大势论，鸦片战争是不能避免的。
”试用所学知识论证这一观点。