2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(1)
【优质试卷】2019-2020版高考英语大二轮复习专题二十 科普知识类阅读+完形填空+书面表达优选习题
专题二十人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+完形填空+书面表达Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018山东聊城一模)Strongest Female Literary Characters of All TimeThere are some of history’s most inspiring and great females who can be found on the pages of these novels.Elizabeth BennetCalled “Lizzie” or “Eliza” b y her family and friends,Elizabeth Bennet is the stubborn and clever heroine from the 1813 Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice.She’s the second eldest of five daughters in the Bennet family,and like the rest of her sisters,she is expected to marry for status and money,not for love.To remain true to herself,she would rather remain single,a concept that was unheard at that time.Nancy DrewShe first appeared in the 1930s but remains one of the most iconic female characters in all of literature.Created by Edward Stratemeyer,Nancy Drew wasn’t simply a pretty girl.Instead,thebold,physically strong,and fiercely intelligent Nancy used her superior intelligence—not her looks—to solve a series of mysteries.Josephine MarchJo March is the second eldest daughter in the March family and is a central focus in the novel Little Women,published by Louisa May Alcott in 1868.At 15,she is strong-willed,confident,andliterary and unlike her sisters.She is outspoken and uninterested in marriage.Jo both struggleswith and ch allenges society’s expectations of how women in the 19th century should carry themselves,making her one of literature’s most daring female characters.Hester PrynneRecognized by some critics as one of the most important characters in female literature,Hester Prynne is the leading character in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 novel,The Scarlet Letter.Married but separated by distance from her husband,Hester has an affair with a minister and becomes pregnant.【语篇解读】本文是人物故事类阅读。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解(1)
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普环保类阅读理解（1）xx高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments －mostly for entertainment purposes － is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals．However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats．Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty．Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ nam e, diet, and natural range．The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs．The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise．This results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis．A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is mon among animals kept in small spaces or cages．Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered．Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild．Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out．In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers．Haven’t we seen enough petitions to name baby animals?Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them．Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.【小题1】How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos?A．Dangerous．B．Unhappy．C．Natural．D．Easy.【小题2】In the state of zoochosis, animals _________.A．remain in cagesB．behave strangelyC．attack other animalsD．enjoy moving around【小题3】What does the author try to argue in the passage?A．Zoos are not worth the public support．B．Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.C．Zoos should treat animals as human beings.D．Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.【小题4】The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _________. A．pointing out the faults in what zoos doB．using evidence he has collected at zoosC．questioning the way animals are protectedD．discussing the advantages of natural habitatsxx高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类You may have never heard of Lanthanum, Cerium or Neodymium, but these elements (元素) and others known as “rare earth” play a major role in modern technology. They can actually be found in many places on the earth, but not in quantities that can be mined. Only a few countries — China, America, India, Australia, Brazil and Malaysia have any that can be mined enough to be traded.Even though some of these elements such as Cerium are as abundant as Copper, they are not found in concent rated amounts on the earth’s surface. They are often mixed together with other metals, which makes extraction (提取) of these elements an expensive and an environmentally messy process. It was due to this reason that the term “rare earth” was invented.Rare earth metals are used widely in our life. Rechargeable car batteries, puters, iPhones, DVD players, puter monitors, televisions, lighting, lasers, glass polishing, and superconductors all use quantities of rare earth metals. Also, with the advancement in “green” technology like solar panels, these shiny materials are being more important than ever. An average electric car uses 10 pounds of Lanthanum for its rechargeable battery!America has large deposits (存储量) of rare earths and has one of the first mines. It was opened in Southern California in 1940. The element “Europium” was the first metal to be separated in quantity for use in color televisions. However, in the 1980’s and 1990’s, as China started producing these elements in Inner Mongolia, the mines in America and elsewhere could not keep pace. The mine in Mountain Pass, California also failed environmental regulations and shut down in 2002.Now, recognizing the importance of having more than one supplier of this important resource, other rare earth owning countries like India and Australia are either dusting off their rare earth mines or speeding up their production. It is believed that the debate over rare earths will bee louder in the ing months and years.【小题1】What can we learn about rare earths?A．They are actually as abundant as Copper.B．They can be mined easily as other metals.C．They can only be found in a few countries.D．They are not really as rare as they are named.【小题2】pared with China, America _____.A．paid more attention to EuropiumB．has larger deposits of rare earthsC．started producing rare earths earlierD．has more rare earth mines【小题3】It can be inferred from the text that rare earths _____.A．are now in great demandB．can now be used in few fieldsC．are harmful to the environmentD．will soon be replaced by other metals阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
高考英语学科复习--科普类阅读理解解析版
2020届《高考英语学科复习关键问题指导与训练》选送（二）（1---40篇科普类阅读理解）一、存在问题及错误原因分析近年高考科普类阅读理解文本多为自然科学类或者人文社科类的说明文和论说文，2018和2019年全国卷I阅读理解试题中人文社科类和自然科学类的文本各有一篇，出现在C篇和D篇，占据阅读理解四选一试题的半壁江山。
高考中考生在科普类阅读理解语篇中的得分率较低，从近年我省高考实测数据来看，科普类文本的难度值低于阅读理解四选一平均难度的试题占到难题中的66.67%。
具体试题归类如下：（一）细节理解题2题28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?（2018年C篇）A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns.D. They were closely connected.【分析】本题为推理判断题，正确答案为B。
该题的难度为0.43。
误选D的考生达到52.25%。
体现出我省部分考生语篇意识不强，不关注上下文语境关联性，存在一知半解、似是而非的情况，无法基于文本信息进行正确的理解和推断。
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?（2019年C篇）A. It’ll be environment-friendly.B. It’ll reach consumers soon.C. It’ll be made of plastics.D. It’ll help speed up typing.【分析】本题为细节理解题，正确答案为B。
该题的难度为0.51，属于难题。
误选C的考生达到23.27%。
考生在于审题能力不足，信息定位失误，错将事实当成期待。
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解专练详解—科普知识
.高考英语二轮阅读理解专练（详解）—科普知识2019Traffic lights are key tools for regulating traffic now.They are not, however,perfect. Drivers exchange the traffic jams that would happen at unmanaged crossings for a pattern of stopgo movement that can still be annoying, and which burns more fuel than a smooth passage would.Creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicle's speed so that italways arrives at the lights when they are green.That is theoretically possible, but practically hard.Roadside signs wired to traffic lights can help get the message across a couple hundred metres from a crossing, but such signs are expensive, and are not widespread.Margaret Martonosi and Emmanouil Koukoumidis at Princeton University, and LiShiuan Peh at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, however, have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective.Instead of a hardwired network of signs, they propose to use mobilephone applications.For a driver to benefit, he must load the team's software, named SignalGuru,into his phone and then put it on a special thing attached to the inside of his car's windscreen, with the camera lens (镜头) pointing forward.SignalGuru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their status as red, yellow or green.It broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software, and—if there are enough of them, the phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around ing this information, SignalGuru is able to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.Tests in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours, and in Singapore, where eight drivers were asked to follow one of two routes for 30 minutes, revealed that SignalGuru was capable of predicting trafficlight activity with an accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively, in the two cities.This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge the lights shifted, roughly halfway through the test, from their unbusy schedule to their afternoontraffic schedule, while in Singapore lights are adaptive, using detectors fixed under the road to determine how much traffic is present and thus when a signal should change.In neither case was SignalGuru fooled.Fuel consumption fell, too—by about 20%.SignalGuru thus reduces both annoyanceand fuel use, and makes going back and forth to work a slightly less horrible experience.1．Roadside signs wired to traffic lights are not the best way to create a smooth passage because ________，A．they are expensive and easily breakB．they are too costly and not widely usedC．they are complex and confusing to driversD．they are theoretically possible but practically useless2．SignalGuru is an application used on ________.A．a cameraB．a computer..C．a mobile phoneD．a GPS system in one's car3．With the information it collects and processes, SignalGuru is able to________.A．help drivers avoid traffic accidentsB．allow drivers to adjust their speedC．change the traffic lights in advanceD．send information to all cell phones4．The tests in Cambridge and Singapore were impressive because SignalGuru________.A．proved to be unreliableB．operated at a high speedC．functioned rather stablyD．understood drivers'schedules(二)Have you ever wondered why stems(茎)grow upwards and roots downwards? Whyplants always seem to turn towards the light and climbing plants run up rather than down? The answer is simple: auxin(生长素), a chemical substance that controls growth in plants.Auxin gives away its secretsAuxin is a plant hormone(激素). Darwin was already interested in it in the 19th century. Only in recent years, however, has the hormone started to give away its secrets, thanks to intensive molecular research. Auxin is produced in the young, growing parts of plants and then transported throughout the plant—to a lowlying stem for example. The stem needs to straighten out as soon as possible to be able to absorb the topside, resulting in the underside growing faster and the stem straightening out. For the same reason, plants in front of windows will always turn to the light. This active regulation of auxin transport allows plants to take ideal advantage of local and changing conditions.A new means of transport for auxinThe transport of auxin through the plant plays a vital role. And, from all appearances, it is not a simple matter. The researchers identified an important new link and means of transport for auxin: PILS proteins (蛋白质). PILS proteins are vital for auxindependent plant growth and adjust the intracellular(细胞内旳)storage of the hormone. It is exactly this compartmentalizing (分类) of auxin that seemsfunctionally important for the various developmental processes.Growing crops more efficiently: the right amount of auxin in the rightplaceHigher auxin levels at the right moment and in the right place result in better growth and greater harvest. Better adjustment of auxin levels would make plants grow more efficiently. The researchers hope to contribute to the development ..of more efficient growing processes by continuing to sort out auxin transport processes.1. Which of the following is TRUE of auxin according to the text?A. It helps the plant to bend at the right places while growing.B．It prevents the roots of plants from growing faster.C．It is no use when the surroundings have changed.D．It helps the underside of plants grow faster than the topside.2. From Paragraph 3 we know that ________A. the researchers are not so sure if the transport for auxin is a new oneB．the levels of auxin remain the same during the growing processes of plants C．PILS proteins delay the growth of plantsD．PILS proteins play an important part in the transport of auxin3．According to Paragraph 2, the researchers got their results mainly by________.A. referring to Darwin's theoryB．observing plants straighteningC．doing intensive molecular researchD．watching plants in different places4．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. Why Plants Grow Towards the Light?B．Darwin's Dream Has Come TrueC．How Did Scientists Find Out the Secret?D．A New Way of the Growing of Plants(三)MinorityReport produced a Steven Spielberg's 2002 sciencefiction thrillerworld where computers could read minds and predict the future.It seemed fanciful at the time，but fantasy is edging closer to fact.On Jan.31，a team of scientists at the UC Berkeley，led by Robert Knight programmed computers to decode(解码)brain waves and replay them as words. Five months earlier, another group of Berkeley scientists showed their colleagues short movies and used computers to play back in color what people saw.These experiments are a big advance from 2006，when a French scientist first replayed images from a human mind, a black and white checkerboard pattern.The possibilities are great: a disabled person could “speak”； doctors could access the mind of a patient who fainted; you could rewatch your dreams on an iPad.There are, of course, equally dark side, such as the involuntary takeout of information from the brain.In spite of these breakthroughs，Jack Gallant，the neuroscientist who ledthe first Berkeley team, says current technology for decoding brain activity is still “relatively primitive”. The field is held back by its poor machinery，in particular the FMRI...“Eventually，” says Gallant，“someone will invent a decoding machineyou can wear as a hat.”Such an advance into the human mind，he says，might take 30 years.Still, the recent advances at Berkeley offer small answers，which scientists can use to begin unlocking the secrets of memory and consciousness.1．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A．New technology can read your mindB．Fantasy is edging closer to factC．A new discovery in human brainD．The intelligent computers in the future2．What did scientists at the UC Berkeley do?A．They produced a fanciful world.B．They made computers jump forward like a human.C．They managed to translate brain waves into language.D．They used computers to make short movies.3．Which of the following is impossible for the research?A．It can help a disabled man recover his ability of speech.B．Doctors can read a patient's mind even if he is unconscious.C．People will know what happens in their dreams.D．People's thoughts may be given away.4．What plays the most important role in the development of the technology?A．A computer. B．An iPad.C．A decoding machine. D．A hat.5．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A．scientists got the inspiration from a movieB．the technology still has a long way to goC．the technology has been put into practiceD．scientists have unlocked the secrets of memory..专题限时训练(三十七)(一)【解题导语】交通灯是规范交通旳重要工具，遇到红灯司机不得不停车，这不仅使人心烦还费油.本文介绍了安装在手机里旳一种软件，它能帮助司机调整车速，以避免等红灯.1．B 细节理解题.根据文章第二段第三句中旳“but such signs are expensive，and are not widespread”可知应选B.2．C 细节理解题.根据第三段第一句中旳“For a driver to benefit，he must loadthe team's software，named SignaGuru，into his phone”可知，SignalGuru是一种安装在手机里旳应用软件，故选C.3．B 细节理解题.根据第三段旳最后一句“Using this information，SignalGuru isable to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.”可知，SignalGuru可以帮助司机调整车速，避免等红灯.4．C 推理判断题.根据第四段中旳“This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge…In neither case was SignalGuru fooled.”可知，在这两个试验中，虽然各有干扰因素，但是SignalGuru运作相当稳定，并未受到“愚弄”，因此选C.(二)【解题导语】本文讲述了现代研究条件下对于植物生长素(auxin)旳研究成果.1．D 细节判断题.植物生长素旳功能在第二段中体现旳是resulting in the underside growing faster.2．D 细节判断题.由The researchers identified an important new link and meansof transport for auxin: PILS proteins.可知PILS蛋白质在生长素旳传播过程中起着至关重要旳作用.3．C 细节理解题.达尔文一开始只是对生长现象感兴趣但并没有得出结论，只有现在旳研究者经过了“密集旳分子生物学研究”之后才得出结论.4．A 主旨大意题.文章一开始就以疑问旳方式提出了主题，然后陆续揭示auxin旳功能. (三)【解题导语】通过科学家们旳努力，科幻电影中提到旳电脑能读懂人旳大脑并预测未来旳幻想快要成为现实了.1．A 标题判断题.根据第一段并综合全文可知，该文主要介绍了科学家利用新技术可能会读懂人旳大脑，故A项最适合作为本文旳标题.2．C 细节理解题.根据第二段第一句中旳“programmed computers to decode(解码)brain waves and replay them as words”可知，应选C.3．A 推理判断题.根据第三段第二句“The possibilities are great；a disabled person could ‘speak'…on an iPad”及上下文内容可推知，该研究并不能使残疾人恢复说话旳能力，而是通过电脑读懂残疾人旳大脑，从而使其“说话”，因此选A.4．C 细节理解题.根据倒数第三段旳最后一句“The field is held back by its poor machinery，in particular the FMRI”，并结合倒数第二段旳内容可知，在该项技术旳发展过程中，译码机起着非常重要旳作用.5．B 推理判断题.根据文章最后三段旳内容可知...一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一.。
2019高考二轮复习阅读理解及解析(科普类)01专题训练(英语 解析版)
一、Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (蜂窝)-either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmer's crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.60. We know from the passage that elephants may he frightened of .A. loud noisesB. some cropsC. video camerasD. angry bees61. As mentioned in the passage, LucyA. works by herself in AfricaB. needs to test more elephant groupsC. has stopped elephants eating cropsD. has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms62. Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?A. To record the sound of bees.B. To make a video of elephants.C. To see if elephants would run away.D. To find out more about the behavior of bees.63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文讲述了非洲大陆的大象十分害怕蜜蜂的声音，科学家Lucy King正在研究十分可以利用这个现象来保护庄稼不受大象的侵扰。
2019-2020学年度最新高考英语第二轮热点专题复习阅读理解Word版
2019-2020学年度最新高考英语第二轮热点专题复习阅读理解Word版——阅读理解(附参考答案)考情动态分析多年来阅读理解一直是高考英语测试的重头戏。
近几年的高考考试说明反复强调：阅渎是我国学生接触英语的最主要途径，也是高中外语教学的重点，在试卷设计和试题难度方面应该予以重视。
这一观点在近几年的高考试题中得到了充分的体现。
全卷l 50分，阅读理解占40分，更何况其他题型如完形填空、短文改错甚至单项选择等都是对阅读理解能力的间接考查。
没有人会怀疑今后相当长的时间内阅读理解能力仍将是高考考查的重点。
可以毫不夸张地说，做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高分的关键！1．高考对阅读理解的要求(1)《考试大纲》对阅读理解的要求：要求考生能读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章。
考生应能：①理解主旨大意；②寻找具体信息；③识别不同文体特征；④根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义；⑤作出简单的判断和推理；⑥理解文章的基本逻辑结构；⑦把握作者的意图和态度；⑧理解文章的文化信息。
(2)《新课程标准》对阅读理解的目标要求：《新课程标准》在语言技能部分中对“读”的八级目标是这样要求的：①能识别不同文体的特征；②能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长旬；③能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；④能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理；⑤能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品；⑥除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上。
2．近几年高考阅读理解的题型设置、命题特点及预测(1)题型设置阅读理解是历年高考英语的必考题型，在整个试卷中占的分值最大。
一般是4～5篇短文，共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分。
阅读理解的主要考查题型有：①细节理解：主要考查对支持文章主题细节的理解，以考查考生准确理解细节的能力。
一篇文章必须通过许多细节的信息来解释或表达主题，体现主题思想。
弄懂这些细节对于理解全文的作用是不容忽视的。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选(1)(可编辑修改word版)
2019-2020 年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选（1）由 (xx 四川广元高三第一次高考适应性统考)改编The ball struck the bat and flew high, above the infield. I gasped (倒抽气). Oh my gosh, it’s heading for Mitzi, Mitzi will never catch it. I don’t think she has ever caught a fly ball in her life. I wish Coach Jim wouldn’t have put her into the game. I know it’s the rule that all girls play, but I want to win. Mitzi just wants to have fun playing softball (垒球).I wish she hadn’t joined our team.So far we’ve won nine games. If we win this one, we’ ll have won—all of our games and be the champions, Oh, gosh, look at Coach Jim. He’s standing up and watching the flight of the ball too and I bet he’s thinking the same thing that I am. If Mitzi doesn’t catch it, the other team will score and the game will be over. I’ve got a sick feeling in my stomach. I can’t look, but I have to. Look at her. She has her glove down by her side and she’s moving around.Now the ball is starting to e down. Mitzi isn’t moving anymore and she isn’t back far enough. It’s going over her head. I can hear our coach yelling from the bench. Back up Mitzi. Back up. Oh, God, I want to win this game so bad. Please let Mitzi catch the ball.It’s there. The ball has slammed into her glove and Mitzi’s arm is back over her shoulder. I’m closing my eyes. I can’t look anymore.It’s that? I hear a yell and then another one. I don’ t want to look. It must be the girls on the other team yelling. But that sounds like Mitzi yelling. I ’m going to peek (偷看).Mitzi is jumping up and down with her glove held high above her head and sticking out of the top of her glove, like an ice cream in a cone (圆锥体), is the softball. Mitzi caught the ball. We’re the champions.Mitzi, Mitzi. That was a great catch. I’m so glad you’re playing on our team.1.What does the author mean when she says “he’s thinking the same thing”?()A.The coach wishes Mitzi hadn’t joined their team.B.The coach hopes Mitzi will catch the ball.C.The coach thinks their team will win all the games.D.The coach thinks Mitzi will miss the ball.2.The author writes the first three paragraphs toA.make Mitzi’s latter performance look more strikingB.indicate that Mitzi is an excellent playerC.indicate the match will be a very close oneD.tell the readers that their team is a strong one3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?( )A.Hearing the yelling, the author was sure their team had won.B.The girls of the other team began to yell, for their team won.C.Mitzi succeeded in the end with the coach’s encouragement.D.Mitzi seemed confident of catching the ing softball.4.What is the best title for the text?( )A.A Close Softball Match.B.A Wonderful Catch.C.Don’t Lose Heart.D.My Friend Mitzi.语篇解读:Mitzi 的同学和教练都不看好她的垒球技术,但在最后的关键比赛中,她的成功接球为全队赢得冠军起了至关重要的作用,令同学和教练刮目相看。
2021年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解()(I)
2021年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（2）(I)科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx山东,C)改编You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella,a lamp post with its own rain—sensing umbrella.The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once,I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp.”he said.The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.In addition to the rain sensor,there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer,the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed,so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides,it would be grounded toprotect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed(安装) at 2 metres off the ground,it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production,Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department,and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?( )A.To predict a heavy rain.B.To check the weather forecast.C.To protect people from the rain.D.To remind people to take an umbrella.2.What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?()A.His creation was inspired by an experience.B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C.Street lamps are protected by canopies.D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?( )A.motor→canopy→sensorsB.sensors→motor→canopyC.motor→sensors→canopyD.canopy→motor→sensors4.What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?( )A.Its moving speed.B.Its appearance.C.Its installation.D.Its safety.5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?( )A.The designer will open a pany to promote his product.B.The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.语篇解读:一次雨天的所见所闻激发了Belyaev的灵感,他发明了一种用传感器控制的灯伞,使行人免遭雨淋。
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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（1）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx江苏,C)改编If a diver surfaces too quickly,he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮) dissolved(溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence,if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint,is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain,the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this depression(减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales,for example.And so,long ago,did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone,and consequently weakens it,sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of depression over the 150 million years.To this end,he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums,looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started,he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils,reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with depression.Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died,but not a single Triassic specimen(标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-depression means,they clearly did so quickly—and,most strangely,they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escapea predator(捕食动物) such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles,both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans,by contrast,were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free.In the Triassic,then,ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous,they were prey(猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.1.Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?( )A.A twisted body.B.A gradual decrease in blood supply.C.A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D.A drop in blood pressure.2.The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see .A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB.how ichthyosaurs adapted to depressionC.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones3.Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 .A.confirmed his assumptionB.speeded up his research processC.disagreed with his assumptionD.changed his research objectives4.Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs .A.failed to evolve an anti-depression meansB.gradually developed measures against the bendsC.died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD.evolved an anti-depression means but soon lost it语篇解读:本篇为科普说明文,文章主要说明了鱼龙得减压病的原因和后果。
并介绍了Dr Rothschild通过研究,推翻了关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测。
答案及剖析:1.A 细节理解题。
由The consequence...is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name减压病的典型症状是身体弯曲,可知答案为A项。
2.B 推理判断题。
根据...to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.和...to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of depression...可知答案为B项。
3.C 推理判断题。
第四段开始说到...he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils...,接下来又说Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite,由此见,研究结果和他开始的预测相反,故选C项。
4.A 推理判断题。
由倒数第二段的If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-depression means...But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.可知,Dr Rothschild并不认可鱼龙的抗减压进化途径,故A项正确。
【疑难词汇解读】evolve vt.使发展,设计,发出Maize evolved from a wild grass in Mexico.玉米是从墨西哥的一种野生禾本植物进化而来的。
【长难句子分析】开始时,他假设弯曲的迹象在年小的化石中较少见,这也反应出了他们对付减压的措施的逐渐进化。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【xx·湛江市普通高考测试一】When you make a mistake，big or small，cherish it as it’s the most precious thing in the world.Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes，beat ourselves up about it，feel like failures，and get mad at ourselves.And that’s only natural：Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad，and we should try to avoid mistakes.We’ve been scolded when we make mistakes—at home，school and work.Maybe not always，but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.Yet without mistakes，we could not learn or grow.If you think about it that way，mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world：They make learning possible；they make growth and improvement possible.By trial and error—trying things，making mistakes，and learning from those mistakes—we have figured out how to make electric lights，to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel，and to fly.Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler，make speech possible，and make works of genius possible.Think about how we learn：We don’t just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it.You don’t just read about painting，or writing，or puter programming，or baking，or playing the piano，and know how to do them fight away.Instead，you get information about something，from reading or from another person or from observing usually...then you construct a model in your mind...then you test it out by trying it in the real world...then you make mistakes...then you revise the model based on the results of your real world experimentation...and repeat，making mistakes，learning from those mistakes，until you’ve pretty much learned how to do something.That’s how we learn as babies and toddlers，and how we learn as adults.Mistakes are how we learn to do something new—because if you succeed in something，it’s probably something you already knew how to do.You haven’t really grown much from that success—at most it’s the last step on your journey，not the whole journey.Most of the journey is made up of mistakes，if it’s a good journey.So if you value learning，if you value growing and improving，then you should value mistakes.They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible. 1．Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?A．Because mistakes make us suffer a lot.B．Because it’s a natural part in our life.C．Because we’ve been taught so from a young age.D．Because mist akes have ruined many people’s careers.2．According to the passage，what is the right attitude to mistakes?A．We should try to avoid making mistakes.B．We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes.C．We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn.D．We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.3．The underlined word “toddler” in Paragraph 6 probably means________.A．a small child learning to walkB．a kindergarten child learning to drawC．a primary pupil learning to readD．a school teenager learning to write4．We can learn from the passage that________.A．most of us can really grow from successB．growing and improving are based on mistakesC．we learn to make mistakes by trial and errorD．we read about something and know how to do it right away5．The author wants to tell us________.A．what you should do when meeting with difficultiesB．where you can find your mistakesC．how you can avoid making mistakesD．why you should celebrate your mistakes语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要说明错误是生活中不可避免的事情，我们应该正确对待错误，在修正错误中不断地学习和成长。