2015考研英语大纲附录1、2后缀常用词汇.doc

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2015考研词汇讲义

2015考研词汇速成spectacular a.壮观的n.惊人之举第一部分身体部位及人物关系spectator n.观众，旁观者(一)眼speculate vi.推测2.投机vt.推测spec, spect, spic, spisef speculation n.思索，做投机买卖respect speculative a.思索的，推测的respectable adj.值得尊敬的aspect n. 1.方面2.方向3.面貌，外观Tommasi ni regards Gilbert as an artist who is C spectrum n .1.光谱2.范围，幅度A. in flue ntialB. modestC. respectableD. tale nted (2011. Text 1-22) vid,vis，看见respectful a.恭敬的，尊敬的video n.录相带a.视频的disrespectful a.无礼的view n. 1.看法2.景色vt.看待respective a.各自的viewpoi nt n.观点respectively ad.各自地visitor n.参观者，访问者，来客retrospect n.回顾，追溯vt.回顾，追忆vi.回evide nt a.明显的，明白的顾，追溯，回想review n./vt. 1.审查2.复习3.评论4.检….raising a child can bring happ in ess in 阅retrospect …..(2011 text 4) visibleprospect n.前途；预期vt.(for)勘探，勘察in visible 看不见的，无形的The prospect seems remote. (2010. Text 1). visulize 使可视化，使具体化，使形象化prospective a.预期的，未来的visual 视力的expect visit 参观expectati on n.期待；预期；指望visio n n.视力，洞察力；想象力，幻觉。

考研英语高频词汇表(2015全英英解释, 分类词汇版)

当听到 apple 的发音，你能够听
掌握其发音
/'æ pəl/
懂，并在脑海中形成 apple 的形像。
掌握其词性
noun
一个单词可能有多种词性及多种意思。美英桥的处理方法是将其分开处理。
能够组成一个句子
Ben was always the apple of his father's eye(loved very much ).
词性
英文解释
based on general ideas or principles rather than specific examples or real events,= theoretical studying or dealing with a school subject at a difficult level having the most modern and recently developed ideas, methods, etc If something is advisable, it will avoid problems or risks if you do it. something that is ambiguous is unclear, confusing, or not certain, especially because it can be understood in more than one way correct or suitable for a particular time, situation, or purpose difficult to use, do, or deal with causing inconvenience, anxiety or embarrassment or nervous brave; not fearing danger not shy, especially in a way that shows a lack of respect strong in colour or shape, and very noticeable to the eye quick and full of energy and active hard but easily broken,easily damaged or destroyed very important or basic happening by chance without being planned relaxed and not worried, or seeming not to care about something moving in an awkward way and tending to make things fall over a clumsy action or statement is said or done carelessly or badly, and likely to upset someone

2015考研英语阅读背景词汇超全整理

考研英语阅读背景词汇超全整理目录Unit l 科普类Unit 2 经济管理类Unit 3 政治与法律类Unit 4 医学与健康类Unit 5 生态类Unit 6 大众传媒类Unit 7 天文地理类Unit 8 艺术类Unit 9 宗教类Unit 10 体育运动类Unit 11 食品类Unit 12 其他社会生活类Unit l 科普类access time存取时间anti-virus programs杀毒软件assembler汇编程序bar code条形码beeper传呼机buffer storage缓冲存储器call instruction呼叫指令cellular手机comsat通讯卫星cordless telephone无绳电话cursor光标cyber crimes网上犯罪cyberspace电脑空间，网络世界desktop台式计算机digital television数字电视electronic control电子控制electronic hearing aid电子助听器encryption加密fast-forward(放录像带等时的快进)fiber optic technology光纤技术firewall防火墙flat panel display平板显示技术floppy disk软盘genetic engineering基因工程hacker黑客identifier标识符intelligent system智能系统intranet内联网IT-industry信息产业jumbotran(电视机的)超大屏幕know-how(技术)诀窍laser激光long-distance educational system远程教育系统microprocessor微处理机minicomputer小型计算机modem调制解调器multimedia多媒体multimedia learning system多媒体学习系统netsurfed网虫on-1ine service网上服务palmtop(：PDA)掌上电脑password．PIN(：personal identification number)密码portable便携式计算机snooper窥探者software package软件包solar collector太阳能收集器terminal终端设备video camera摄像机videodisc影碟workstation计算机工作站xerox静电复印Y2k bug千年虫zip-code邮政编码Unit 2 经济管理类active trade balance贸易顺差adverse trade balance贸易逆差appropriate拨款auditor审计员。

2015英语二真题单词笔记

2015英语二真题单词笔记Section 1contemporary/kənˈtɛmprərɪ/ CET4 TEM4∙ 1.ADJ Contemporary things are modern and relate to the present time. 当代的例：She writes a lot of contemporary music for people like Whitney Houston.她为惠特尼·休斯敦等人创作大量当代音乐作品。

∙ 2.ADJ Contemporary people or things were alive or happened at the same time as something else you are talking about. 同时代的例：...drawing upon official records and the reports of contemporary witnesses.…借助官方记录以及当时目击者的证言。

∙ 3.N-COUNT Someone's contemporary is a person who is or was alive at the same time as them. 同时代的人例：Like most of my contemporaries, I grew up in a vastly different world.像我同时代的大多数人一样，我在一个非常不同的世界里长大。

prospect/ˈprɒspɛkt/ CET4 TEM4 (prospecting,prospected,prospects)∙ 1.N-VAR If there is some prospect of something happening, there is a possibility that it will happen.可能性; 前景例：Unfortunately, there is little prospect of seeing these big questions answered.遗憾的是，几乎没有可能看到这些重大问题得到解答。

2015考研英语词汇说文解词UNIT2

Unit 2眼耳口鼻（二）1. cite=to summon（召唤）★说文解词：单词cite最初的含义即to summon“召唤，传唤”。

★熟词助记：excite（ex-=out）to call out唤出、引出反应→ v.使兴奋，激发cite①vt. 传讯，传唤（到法院）②vt. （召唤出例子→）引证，举实例；（召唤出原文→）引述【近quote】→）嘉奖，表彰：They were cited for their outstanding performance. Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx,（1997 Text 4）recite①v. （尤指对听众）背诵，吟诵②v. 列举，逐一讲述：recite a list of interests and accomplishmentsrecitation2. claim，clam=to cry（大叫）★说文解词：cl a m---- cl ai mac claim-----ac clam ation，ex claim----ex clam ation，pro claim-----pro clam ationpro nounce-----pro nunci ationacclaimvt. 欢呼，喝彩→称赞)，喝彩(声) ；称誉：win universal acclaimAt any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an（2010 Part B）claim①大喊着→声称，主张（to state）一个观点→表明对某物有所有权而→（to demand）要求，索取（应得的权利或财物）；(向保险公司)索赔→认领※②（物做主语）→（to demand）（指事物）需要, 值得（关注等）that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006（2011知识运用）3. The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.（2010 Text 2）4. Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face.（2010 Text 2）5. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants. (1999 Text 1)①vt. 宣布，公示→）明确显示，清楚表明proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least （2004 Text 4）2. The friars in the coarse cloth and open sandals proclaim the virtue of poverty. (外刊)①vt. 要求收回、归还；取回：in an effort to reclaim their cultural and spiritual heritage②vt. 开垦（荒地）；(自废料中)回收(有用材料)【近recycle】③vt. 教化，使悔过自新［~sb］：to reclaim the youthful criminal3. voc，voke=to call（喊）★说文解词：v oi ce---- vo cvo k★熟词助记：vocabulary= voc+ -able+ -ary（表示集合）=声音语言的集合，所说的词汇的集合→n.词汇；词汇量；词汇表（反应）advocate①v. 拥护，提倡n. 提倡者，鼓吹者1. Even Tommasini，who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times，calls him “anmusician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”（2011 Text 1）2. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.（2012 Text 1）advocacyevokevt. 引起，唤起（某人强烈的感情、回忆或某种形象）：evoke a feeling, a memory etc.provoke①vt. 激起，引起（尤指强烈的、不愉快的反应）（某人作出某种反应）1. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last）2. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids.（2011 Text 4）激怒公牛vocala. 嗓音的，发声的（喻）a. 强烈反对的，直言不讳的：He has been very vocal in his displeasure over the results.vocationn. a job that you do because you have a very strong feeling that doing this job is the purpose of your life （指自己非常热爱的）工作，职业【近call ing】（从事某行业的）素质，才能；信心，使命感：have a true vocation for teaching These days the Net... is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.（2003 Text 1）★说文解词：dictionary= dict+-ion+-ary（表示集合）将人们所说语言汇集→n.词典predictvt. 预言，预测【近fore cast ，fore see 】addictan illegal chemical taken by drug addicts （1997 Text 3）】 predictably ad. prediction n.contradictvt. to disagree with sth by saying that the opposite is true反驳，批驳相抵触、相矛盾：those statements contradict each other...ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview（1998 Text 3）为……举行落成仪式→为（书等）题献词：this book is dedicated to…；②vt. 将（时间、精力等）奉献给［~ oneself/sth to］① v. to say or read aloud words for sb else to write down口授；让（某人）听写： dictated a letter② v. 强行规定，指使 n.命令, 指示【近command, order 】→）v.支配，决定【近dominate, determine 】’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management （1996 Text 3）dictates a universal grammar （2012翻译）①n. ［pl. indexes］索引；卡片目录：index cardsvt. 编入索引，给……编索引②n. ［pl. indices］标志，指标【近sign, indication, indicator】pl. indices 或indexes］（专业含义→）（用于比较今昔价格、费用等的）指数1. Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.（2006 Text 1）’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago.（2002 Text 3）indicate①v. （事物→）表明，显示，标志着（某事存在、会发生等）【近denote, signal, signify】②v. （人→）表明，暗示（意向等）【近suggest, imply】③v. （具体动作→）point, point to指，指示，指向：She indicated the quickest route to us on the map.1. ...the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire（2005知识运用）indicated that they would appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer.（1999 Text 4）indicationverdict①n.（法庭上陪审团做出的）裁决，裁定~on sb/sth 【近resolution】... witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in guilty verdicts.（2001知识运用）★说文解词：谣言女神Fama“法玛”，fa ma= talk, rumor, reportfa=to speak, tell, sayfab famfess与fa组是近亲，含义上更抽象化，指to admit。

2015考研英语大纲词汇近义词、易混词整理概述

7、坚持
abide adhere assert cling enforce insist maintain persevere persist uphold vi.(abode，abided)(by)遵守；坚持 vi.(to)粘着；坚持，遵守；依附，追随 vt.断言,宣称；坚持；主张（权利、权威等） v.(to)粘住;依附;坚持 v.实施,执行;强制;支持,坚持(要求,主张等) vi.(on)坚持要求,坚决主张,坚持 v.维修,保养,维持,供养,坚持,主张,支持 v.坚持,坚忍,不屈不挠 v.(in)坚持,持续 vt.支持,赞成;举起;坚持
教授/讲授
coach direct director guidance guideline instruct instruction leading professor teach tuition n.长途公共汽车；教练 vt.训练，指导，培训 a./ad.径直的(地) v.管理,指导;(at,to)指向 n.指导者,主任,导演 n.引导,指导 n.指导方针，指导原则，准则，标准 v.教,教授;命令,指示 n.教授;指导;(pl.)用法说明(书),操作指南 a.领导的,指导的;第一位的;最主要的 n.教授 vt.教，讲授；教导(训)vi.讲课，当教师 n.学费；(某一学科的)教学，讲授，指导
4、咨询
consult counsel v.请教，向...咨询，找...商量；查阅，查看 v./n.劝告,忠告 n.法律顾问,辩护人
5、同意/赞成/赞同/支持
accept agree agreeable vt.接受，领受；认可，同意 vi.同意，认可 vi.答应，赞同；适合，一致；商定，约定 a.符合的；一致的；欣然同意的；令人愉快的
10、约定//协议/协约/条约/契约

考研英语真题单词-2015(英二)

2015（二）完形 - 不不喜欢与陌⽣生⼈人交流 Part1 单词1、contemporary a.当代的2、prospect n.景象，情形3、virtually ad.⼏几乎4、cling v.紧紧抓住5、subway n.地铁6、interact v.相互交流7、gain v.收货8、approach v.接近9、rejection n.拒绝10、advance n.(表示愿意友好的)主动姿态11、weird a.怪异的12、disruptive a.破坏性的，制造混乱的13、inherently a.固有的，内在的14、acquaintance n.相识15、security n.安全16、blanket n.毯⼦子17、perceive v.察觉，认识到18、band-aid n.创可贴，绷带19、tuck v.把...塞⼊入20、commuter n.通勤勤者21、unthinkable a.不不可思议的，难以想象的22、positive a.有所助益的，积极的，肯定的23、embarrassed a.尴尬的24、thrive v.繁荣发展，茁壮成⻓长25、connection n.联系Part2 短语1、executive coach ⾼高级培训师2、rip off 扯掉，撕掉3、make sense 有道理理，合乎情理理4、cling to 不不愿放弃5、on one‘s own 靠⾃自⼰己6、thrive off 发展Text 1 - 在家⼯工作压⼒力力更更⼤大 Part1 单词1、stressed a.紧张焦虑的，感到有压⼒力力的2、cortisol n.⽪皮质醇3、marker n.标记4、contradict v.与...⽭矛盾，反驳，否定5、non-parents n.⽆无⼦子⼥女女者6、household a.家庭的，⽇日常的7、blurring a.模糊8、gender n.性别9、draw v.(从某来源)得到，取，获取10、bargain n.协议，协定11、downside n.负⾯面，消极⾯面12、pure a.纯粹的，纯洁的13、life-sustaining a.维持⽣生命的14、division n.分配15、clinically ad.临床地16、methodically ad.有⽅方法地，有系统地，有条不不紊地17、inadequate a.不不充分的，不不适当的18、removal v.移动，搬动19、fire v.解雇20、apparently ad.显然地;似乎21、infinite a.⽆无限的，⽆无穷的，极多的22、motivate v.使有动机，激发...的积极性23、contrary a.相反的24、refuge n.避难25、conventional a.传统的26、moola n.⾦金金钱Part2 短语1、kick back 轻松下来2、talk sb. into doing sth. 劝某⼈人做某事Text 2 - 美国教育悖论 Part1 单词1、lag v.落后(于)2、dropout n.退学，辍学;退学者3、paradox n.⾃自相⽭矛盾的情形，悖论4、recruit v.招收5、forthcoming a.即将到来的6、optimistic a.乐观的7、outline n.概述，勾勒勒8、potential a.可能的9、approach n.⽅方法，⽅方式10、finding n.调查发现11、recipients n.接受者12、grant n.助学⾦金金，拨款13、thesis n.论点，论题14、modest a.较⼩小的15、intervention n.⼲干预16、cite v.引⽤用17、navigate v.理理解，应对18、seldom 很少，⼏几乎不不19、acknowledge v.承认Part2 短语1、in that 因为2、a range of ⼀一系列列3、be lacking in 缺少4、social class 社会阶层Text 3 - 办公室语⾔言 Part1 单词1、right-brained a.右脑的，引申为“性感的”2、spin v.快速旋转3、parachute v.空降、空投4、era n.时代、年年代5、male-dominated a.男性占主导地位的6、explicitly ad.清楚地7、conscious a.有意的8、infuse v.把...注⼊入;灌输9、allegiance n.(对组织、⼈人物、信仰的)忠诚、拥护10、importation n.引进、输⼊入11、terminology n.学科术语;专⻔门⽤用语12、amid prep.在...中间，在...当中13、prompt v.促进，激起14、buzzword n.某⼀一领域内的时髦⽤用语15、linguist n.语⾔言学家16、nonsense n.⽆无稽之谈、胡说、荒谬的想法17、unplug v.去掉...的障碍物18、irony n.讽刺刺Part2 短语1、lingua franca (⺟母语不不同的⼈人之间使⽤用的)通⽤用语、交际语2、office speak 办公室⽤用语3、spin off 剥离出Text 4 - 就业形势好转的另⼀一⾯面 Part1 单词1、decent a.相当好的，不不错的2、largely ad.基本上，很⼤大程度上3、overlook v.忽略略，忽视4、voluntarily ad.⾃自愿地5、figure n.数字，数据6、distinction n.区别，差别7、evidence n.证据，迹象8、recession n.衰退，不不景⽓气9、survey n.调查，研究10、reference n.参考，参照11、issue n.问题，话题12、insurance n.保险13、previously ad.先前地14、cover v.投保，承保15、classify v.分类16、Medicaid n.（美）医疗补助计划Part2 短语1、the Labor Department 劳⼯工部2、talk of 谈到3、create jobs 创造就业机会4、at a faster pace 以较快的步伐5、full employment 充分就业6、be worth doing sth. 值得做某事7、cover sb. 养活⾃自⼰己新题型 - 克服艰难时刻的真理理 Part1 单词1、mourn v.悲哀，痛惜，忧伤2、signal v.发出...信号，表明3、inner n.内⼼心的，思想的4、barrier n.障碍物，屏障5、luxuriant a.丰富的，过多的6、poison v.败坏，污染，阻碍7、mindset n.⼼心态，思想倾向8、design n.决意，意欲9、pause v.暂停，停顿10、isolated a.孤⽴立的，孤独的11、constant a.持续不不断的，始终如⼀一的12、companionship n.友谊，交情，陪伴13、objectivity n.客观，客观性14、devalue v.降低...的价值(或地位、重要性等)，贬低Part2 短语1、press forward 奋⼒力力向前，努⼒力力前进2、along the way 沿途，⼀一路路上3、weigh down 使负重担，使沮丧焦虑4、keep the eyes open 睁⼤大眼睛，保持留留⼼心5、catch up 把...缠住，陷⼊入...6、dearest and nearest 最亲密的(人)，最亲近的(人)7、circle of friends 朋友圈，交友圈8、good humor ⾼高兴，好⼼心情9、be incapable of ⽆无能⼒力力的，不不会的10、go though 经历翻译 - 熟悉路路程效应Part1 单词1、route n.路路线2、commute n.通勤勤3、perceive v.察觉4、allocate v.分配Part2 短语1、zone out ⾛走神2、pay attention to 注意⼩小作⽂文 - 通知范文NoticeIt is exceedingly great to hear that our university will hold a summer camp for high school students, and this notice is for the purpose of introducing activities and calling for volunteers.The camp will be held in July 11th, and main activities include introducing our university and helping them to learn English. Thus, it is necessary for volunteers to be familiar with our campus In addition, volunteers are well-advised to possess certainexperience for English teaching. We hope you can participate, and your help will enable high school students to enjoy a fruitful camp in our university.There will be an interview for applicants in July 1st in the Center of Students' Activities and all are welcome.Students' Union译：通告听说我们⼤大学将为⾼高中⽣生举办夏令营，这真是太棒了了，这份通知是为了了介绍活动和号召志愿者。

2015考研词汇表(扫描精校版)

2015考研英语词汇表accommodate 使适应，使符合一致accommodate oneself to changedcircumstancesaccompany 陪伴，伴随She was accompanied to a dinner by her friend.accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等）accomplish one's purposeaccord 使符合，相一致(with) His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words.account 记述，叙述give a brief account of what has happened accumulate 积累，积攒，积聚accumulate wisdomaccurate 准确的，精确的an accurate estimateaccuse 指控，指责They accused her publicly of stealing their books. accustom 使习惯于accustom oneself to rising (to rise) early acquaint 使认识，使了解activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动They have planted secretagents in manycountries whocould be activatedwhenever needed. acute 尖锐的，敏锐的an acute thinkeraddress 演说 a television addressadhere 黏附，附着Paste is used to make one surface adhere toanother. adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbsadjoin 贴近，与...毗邻His house adjoins the lake.administrate 掌管，料理...的事务In many Japanese homes, the fundsare administrated by the wife. adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescents advance 使向前移动advance a chessmanadvantage 有利条件，优点Sitting Presidents hold built-in advantageswhen seeking another term.adverse 不友好的，敌对的She felt adverse to her husband's friends. advocate 拥护，提倡，主张advocate self-defenceaesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美an aesthetic theoryaffliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliatedcompanyaffirm 断言，申明affirm the truth of a statementaggravate 加重，加剧，恶化aggravate the declining economy aggressive 侵犯的，侵略的an aggressive weaponagitate 搅动（液体等）The machine agitated the mixture.alarm 惊恐，忧虑The bandits scattered in alarm.alert 警惕的，留神的In our reading we should always be alert fornew usages.allege 断言，宣称The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt. allocate 分配，分派，把...拨给allocate funds for new projects allied 结盟的，有关联的allied nationsallowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowancealternate 交替，轮流Night and day alternate.amateur （艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者an amateur golfer ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的an ambiguous answer amend 修改，修订amend the spelling in sb.'s paperamuse 逗乐，逗笑，给...提供娱乐（或消遣）The clown at the circusamused the children.anchor 锚The anchor catches (drags).announce 宣布，声称It is officially announced that he will not run forreelection.annoy 使恼怒，使生气She was annoyed at (with) his lightheardattitude.anonymous 匿名的，无名的an anonymous letter (phone call) anticipate 预期，预料The directors anticipated a fall in demand (thatdemand would fall).apart 成零碎Such cheap clothes come apart after a few washings. apparent 显然的，明明白白的It was apparent that they all understood.applaud 鼓掌，喝彩，叫好The audience applauds the performers for three minutes.apply 涂，敷He applied two coats of paint to the table.appoint 任命，委派They appointed his father (to be 或as) postmaster.appraise 估量，估计appraise the infant's weightappreciate 感激I appreciated your help much.apprehend 对...担心Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty?approach 靠近，接近John is approaching manhood.appropriate 恰当的，相称的Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear.approve 赞成，同意I couldn't approve his conduct.approximate 大概的，大约的，近似的The approximate time is 10 o'clock.apt （习性）易于......的，有......倾向的 A careless person is apt to make mistakes.arbitrary 随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的an arbitrary choice arise 起立，起身arise from one's seatarouse 使......奋发 A man like Tom will be aroused. Don’t worry. array 排列，队形The troops were formed in battle array.articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的He is articulate about everythingin the field of economics. artificial 人工的，人造的，人为的artificial price controlsascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高The airplane ascended into the cloud. ascertain 查明，弄清，确定I ascertained that he was dead. ashamed 惭愧的，羞耻的I am ashamed for being so stupid. ashore 向岸，向陆地He swam ashore.aside 在旁边We stood aside to let her pass.assault 攻击，袭击We made an assault on the enemy fort. assemble 集合，召集assemble the members of Parliament for aspecial meeting.assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言He asserted his innocence. assess 估价，评价，评论assess the present state of the economy assign 分配，布置（作业）The teacher assigned (us) a new lesson. assimilate 吸收，消化He is quick to assimilate new ideas. associate （使）联系，（使）结合We naturally associated the name ofDarwin with the doctrine ofevolution.assume 假定，假设Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming(that) the weather si favarable.assure 深信不疑地对......说，向......保证assurance 保证，把握，信心He gave me his assurance that he would help.astonish 使惊讶I was astonished at his sudden appearance.attach 系，贴，连接attach a label to a suitcaseattain 达到，获得attain one’s goalattend 出席，参加（会议等）attend a weddingattendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率Our class has perfect attendance today.attentive 注意的，专心的an attentive audienceattribute 把归因于，把......（过错的责任等）归于(to) He attributed his success to hard work.auxiliary 辅助的an auxiliary rocketavail 有利于，有助于Will force alone avail us?average 平均数，平均The paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.avert 挡开，防止，避免Many traffic accidents can be averted by courtesy.awake 醒，觉醒awake from sleepbang （突发的）sudden loud bangbare 赤裸的，光秃的，空无内容的walk in bare feetbeforehand 预先，事先If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand.behave 举止端正，听话Do behave.bewilder 使迷惑，使糊涂I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.bias 偏见，偏心have a bias against sb.(或sth.)blame 责备，责怪Public opinion blames Mrs Smith for leading the girl astray.blast 一阵（风），一股（气流） a blast of windblaze 火焰The fire sprang into a blaze.blunt 钝的The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive. blush （因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红blush with(或for) joyboast 自吹自擂，自夸的话He is full of boasts.bolt 螺栓，（门，窗的）插销 a small bag of nuts and boltsboom 低沉有回响的声音The great bell tolled with a deep boom. border 边界，边境，边沿 a district on the Kampuchean side of the border with Thailandbore 钻孔，挖（通道）bore through a wallbound 跳跃，弹回She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly.boycott （联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加boycott uncooperative manufacturesbrace 托架，支架He braced his muscles and lifted the weight. breed （使）繁殖Rabbits breed families rapidly.bribe 贿赂accept(或take)a bribe from sb.brief 短暂的，简短的，简洁的 a brief holidaybrisk 轻快的，生气勃勃的 a brisk pacebrittle 易碎的，一碰就破的brittle glassbrush 刷子，毛刷 a laundry brushbump 碰，撞(against, into) The truck bumped against the wall in the dark.burst 爆炸，爆裂The boiler burst.calculate 计算，推算calculate the distance between New York and Chicagocapture 俘虏，捕获capture butterfliescase 事例，事实，事情This is a case of poor judgment.cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷cast doubt(s) on the feasibility of a scheme casual 偶然的，无计划的，随便的，非正式的 a casual meeting cease 停止，终止，结束The music ceased suddenly.character （事物的）性质，特质The furniture in Tom’s apartment waspretentious and without character. charge 要（价），收（费）The airlines charge half price for students. charm 魅力，魔力This thriving resort town has retained its villagecharm.chase 追逐，追求The police chased the escaping thief and caught himat last.check 使突然停止，制止check one’s stepscherish 珍爱，珍视cherish one’s native landchew 嚼，咀嚼He chewed a mouthful of meat.choke 窒息，噎住be choked by smokechorus 合唱队chronic （疾病）慢性的，（人）久病的chronic indigestionclarity 澄清，阐明clarify an issuecling 粘着The frightened child clung to her mother.clumsy 笨拙的 a clumsy boycluster （果实，花等的）串，束，簇; (人或物)的群，组 a cluster oftouristsclutch 紧抓，紧握clutch at an opportunitycoherent 一致的，协调的lack coherent political goalscoincide 相符，相一致100 Centigrade coincides with 212 Fahrenheit. collaborate （尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合作，协作He and Icollaborated in writing plays. collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解The roof collapsed under the weight of thesnow.collide 碰撞，互撞The car collided with the truck. commemorate 纪念，庆祝commemorate a holidaycommend 表扬，称赞commend a soldier for braverycompact 紧密的，坚实的 a compact piece of luggagecompare 比较，对照(with, to) compare the body to a finely tunedmachinecompatible 能和睦相处的，合的来的You should choose a roommatemore compatible to yourtastes.compile 汇编，编制compile an anthology of poemscomply 遵从，顺从，服从comply with rules(safety regulations) compose 组成，构成England, Scotland, and Wales compose theisland of Great Britain. compress 压缩He compresses a lifetime as a soldier into a fewsentencescomprise 包含，包括The shipyard comprises three docks. compromise 妥协，折衷compromise over the hard-fought next. compulsory 必须做的，义务的 a compulsory subjectconceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽He concealed his disappointment from hisfriends.conceive 构想出，设想conceive an ideaconcentrate 集中，专心concentrate one’s attentioncondemn 谴责We all condemn cruelty to children.condense （使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁condense a speech to half confine 限制，使局限They succeeded in confining the fire to a smallarea.conform 遵照，适应confirm to(或with) the rules(the law) confront （使）面临，（使）遭遇The war confronted him withhardships.conscious 意识到的，自觉地They were conscious that hedisapproved.consent 同意，赞同，准许The people will never consent to anotherwar.conserve 保护，保藏，保存conserve natural resourcesconsider 考虑，细想Consider carefully before doing anything. consist 组成，构成(of) The house consists of six rooms. consolidate 巩固，加强consolidate one’s positionconspicuous 显眼的，明显的，引人瞩目的He felt as conspicuous asif he had stood on astage.constitute 组成，构成constitute a threat to sb.consult 请教，与......商量consult a doctor about one’s illness consume 消费,花费: consume much of one’s time in readingcontact 接触,联系,交往: be in contact with sbcontain 包括,容纳, a list containing twelve itemscontaminate弄脏,污染,玷污,毒害: Fumes contaminate the air contempt轻视,轻蔑:show a contempt for sbcontest竞赛,比赛,竞争:the contest between the two powers for thecontrol of the regioncontract合同,契约:enter into(make)a contact withcontradict反驳,同….相矛盾,同….相抵触:The facts contradict his theorycontrary相反的,对抗的:take the contrary viewcontrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出的)差异:the contrast between the twoforms of government contribute捐(款等),捐献:He contributed 5dollars to the charity everypaydaycontrive设计,想出:contrive a new methodcontroversy(尤之以文字形式进行的争论),辨证:a point of controversy convention(正式)会议,(定期)大会:draft a new constitution at aconventionconvert转变,转化:convert coal to (into) pipeline gasconvey运送,输送,传送:a wire conveys an electric currentconvict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪:He was convicted ofsmugglingcoordinate调节,协调:coordinate the functions of government agencies cordial热情友好的,热诚的,真心的:a cordial hello(smile, invitation) correspond相符合相称(to,with):Fulfillment seldom corresponds toanticipation correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者:a good(bad)correspondent corresponding符合的,一致的:corresponding fingerprintscorrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤:Bribery corrodes the confidencethat must exist betweenbuyer and sellercorrupt堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt lifecount数,计算: count the moneycourse课程,科目:an English coursecourtesy 谦恭有礼。

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常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词一、常用的前缀和后缀1、常用前缀aero-：concerning the air of aircraftplane-aeroplane 飞机space-aerospace 航空空间anti-：against；opposite ofnuclear-antinuclear 反对核武器的matter-antimatter反物质war-antiwar反战的auto-：of or by oneselfbiography传记–autobiography自传criticism批评-autocriticism自我反省be-：to treat as the stated thingfriend-befriend以朋友的方式对待；照顾little-belittle使显得微小，轻视、贬低bi-：two；twice；doublelingual-bilingual 双语的；人cycle-bicyclebio-：concerning living thingschemistry-biochemistry生化sphere-biosphere 生物圈by-，bye-：less importantproduce-by-produceway-byway偏僻小路；学科的次要领域，冷门centi-：hundredth partgrade-centigrade ˈ摄氏meter-centimeter 厘米co-：together，withauthor-coauthor合著者，合著exist-coexist 同时共存、和平共处col-：( used before l ) together，withlocation-collocation排列，配置，词的搭配com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with passion-compassion 怜悯、同情con-：together，withcentric-concentric同一中心的、同轴federation-confederation结盟同盟，联邦contra-：oppositediction-contradiction 矛盾、否定反驳natural-contranatural违背自然的cor-：( used before r ) together，withrelate-correlate 有相关性respond-correspond 相符合相一致，相当类似通信counter-：oppositeact-counteract 对抗、抵消attack-counterattack 反攻、反击cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining themcountry-crosscountry越野的breed-crossbreed杂种，使杂交de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce code-decode 译码、解码、分析电子信号value-devalue 贬值，贬低dis-：not；the opposite ofadvantage-disadvantage 不利、劣势、短处agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不适合honest-dishonest 不诚实、不老实em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become body-embody 表现、象征；包括、包含power-empower 授权、准许en-：to cause to become；to makedanger-endanger 危及、使遭受危险large-enlarge 扩大、扩充放大ex-：former ( and still living )minister-ex-minister v辅助; 服侍,部长wife-ex-wife 前妻extra-：outside；beyondcurricular-extracurricular 学校课程以外的ordinary-extraordinary 奇怪；特别；额外，临时fore-：in advance，before；in or at the frontarm-forearm前臂，预先武装warn-forewarn 预先警告；事先告知il-：( used before l ) notlegal-illegal 非法literate-illiterate 目不识丁、文盲的im-：( used before b，m，p ) notmoral-immoral 不道德、邪恶；放荡的possible-impossible 不可能、办不到的；很难接受in-：notdirect-indirect 间接地，婉转的sensitive-insensitive 感觉迟钝，不友好的；麻木infra-：below in a range；beyondred-infrared 红外线的structure—infrastructure 基础设施，基础结构inter-：between；amongchange—interchange 互换、互易；交替变换national—international 国际的intra-：inside，within；intocity—intracity市内的department--intra-departmentir-：（used before r）notregular—irregular 不对称、不规则的；不定期的responsible—irresponsible 不负责kilo-：thousandgram—kilogram千克meter--kilometer千米macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather thanparticular parts of economics—macroeconomics 宏观经济学structure—macrostructure宏观结构mal-：bad or badlyfunction—malfunction 故障，障碍treat—maltreat 虐待、滥用micro-：extremely small computer—microcomputer 微机electronics—microelectronics 微电子学mid-：middleday—midday 中午night—midnight 午夜mini-：small；shortbus—minibus 小汽车skirt—miniskirt超短裙mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly fortune—misfortune 不幸，厄运；灾难、灾祸understand—misunderstand误会误解mono-：one；singleplane—monoplane单翼机tone—monotone 单调的multi-：more than one；many purpose—multipurpose多种用途的，多目标national—multinational多国的，跨国公司non-：notresident--non(-)resident〉①不住在某地的②(指工作)不要求任职者住在工作地点的；不住在旅馆等中的sense—nonsense 胡说，无聊的事物out-：outside；beyondlive--outlive比(某人)长寿; 活到(某事)已被遗忘door—outdoor户外的露天over-：too much；above；additionalhead--overhead离地面的; 头顶上的; 上空的,架空的time--overtime超出的时间; 额外的时间费poly-：manycentric—polycentric多中心的syllabic—polysyllabic 多音节的post-：later than；after graduate—postgraduate 研究生的，生war—postwar战后的pre-：before；in advancepay—prepay预付war—prewar战前的，在战前pro-：in favor of，supportingAmerica--pro-Americaabortion--pro-abortion 早产pseudo-：not real；falsename—pseudonym假名，化名；笔名science—pseudoscience 伪科学re-：again；back to the former state unite—reunite重聚，再联合use—reuse 再用self-：by means of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or inoneself or itselfemployed--self-employedtaught--self-taught semi-：half；partlycircle—semicircle半圆形final—semifinal半决赛step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarriedmother—stepmother继母children—stepchildren养子sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated biggerwholedivide—subdivide再分，细分section--subsection分部,分段,小部分,小单位,细分super-：more，larger，greater than usual market—supermarket超市natural—supernatural超自然的，超自然的现象tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television communication—telecommunication电信screen--telescreentherm(o)-：concerning heatchemistry--thermochemistrymeter—thermometer 温度计trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between Atlantic-transatlantic电视屏幕,荧光屏plant-transplant移植tri-: three; three timesangular-triangular 三角cycle-tricycle三轮车,机器三轮车ultra-: beyond; very, extremelymodern-ultramodern超现代化的sound-ultrasound超声，超声波un-: notcertain-uncertain不确定的fortunate-unfortunate 不幸的，不幸的人under-: too little; belowdevelop-underdevelop(使)发展不完全,(使)显影不足sea-undersea海面下的uni-: one, singerform-uniform制服，相同的，清一色的directional-unidirectional单向的，单向性的vice-: next in the rank; belowchairman-vice-chairman 副委员长president-vice-president副总统，副校长2.常用后缀（1）名词后缀-ability，-ibility 能力able-abilityflexible-flexibility弹性,适应性,机动性,挠性-age时期post-postage邮费，邮资short-shortage 不足-alarrive-arrival到达, 抵达；物refuse-refusal拒绝-an，-ian，-arian 员；人library-librarianmusic-musician-ance，-enceappear-appearancerefer-reference 人-ancy，-encyemerge-emergency紧急情况expect-expectancy期望-ant，-ent 人apply-applicant申请求职人correspond-correspondent 通信员记者-cyaccurate-accuratcy精确的, 准确private- praivit] privacyˈ隐居, 独处私事, 隐私-domking-kingdom国王，界，领域free-freedom自由，自主权-ee 人employ-employee雇工interview-interviewee接受面谈者; 被接见者-er，-or，-ar 人paint-painterbeg-beggar 乞丐-ery 行为；身份、制度brave-braveryslave-slavery奴隶身份制度-ese 人China-ChinaeseJapan-Japanese-ess 人actor-actresswaiter-waitress-ful 量hand-handful一把少数spoon-spoonful一匙的量-hoodchild-childhoodman-manhood成年, 成年期; 男子气概-ics 学科electron-electronicslinguist言学家-linguistics语言学-ion，-ition，-ation 物collect-collectionobserve-observation-ism 主义Marx-Marxismsocialist-socialism-ist 人psychiatry-psychiatristviolin-violinist-ity，-tycruel-cruelty残忍, 残酷pure-purity纯, 纯洁, 纯正, 洁净-mentmove-movementretire--retirement增加; 发展, 扩大-nessdark--darknesshappy--happiness-ologyclimate—climatology气候学future—futurology未来学-ship 关系friend—friendship友情、友谊scholar学者—scholarship学问学识，奖学金-sion，-ssion 物decide--decisionexpand--expansion-thgrow--growth增加; 发展, 扩大wide--width宽度, 阔度, 广度-ure 状态close—closure停业、关闭expose—exposure 暴露曝光(2)动词前缀-endeep--deepen变深, 加深fast--fasten系紧, 拴牢-ifyclass--classify分类; 归类simple—simplify简化-ize，-ise 使…怎么样modern--modernize / modernizepopular--popularize / popularize(3)形容词后缀-able，-ible 的suit--suitablequestion--questionable可疑的; 有疑问的-al nature--naturalstructure--structural-an，-arian，-iansuburb--suburbanCanada—Canadian 人的-ant，-ent 的differ--differentplease--pleasant-ary，-ory 的advise--advisorycustom--customary-ateconsider--consideratefortune--fortunate-en的gold--goldenwood--wooden-ese的，人China--ChineseJapan--Japanese-free 无..的care--carefreeduty--duty-free-fulcare--carefulpain--painful-ic，-ical的atom—atomic原子的psychology—psychological心理学的-ish的girl--girlish女孩子(似)的, 少女的child--childish孩子的, 孩子气的, 孩子所特有的-ivecreate--creative创造性的, 有创造力的support--supportive支持的, 拥护的; 赞助的-less 无…的hope--hopeless不抱希望的, 绝望的pain--painless-likechild--childlike孩子似的,天真烂漫的lady--ladylike风度雍容如贵妇的,温雅的-ly 的man—manly刚强的month—monthly一月的月刊-ous，-ious 的danger--dangerouspoison--poisonous -sometire--tiresome令人生厌的trouble--troublesome引起麻烦的, 令人讨厌的, 令人烦恼的-ward 向…的down--downward向下的, 往下的up--upward-y 的guilt-guilty内疚的；有罪的noise-noisy嘈杂的; 喧闹的(4)副词后缀-lyeasy-easily容易地, 不费力地heavy-heavily严重地; 大量地-ward，-wardseast-eastward(s)向东north-northward(s)-wiseclock-clockwise顺时针方向的other-otherwise 除此之外，否则二、部分国家（或地区）、语言、国名及国籍表三、洲名名词形容词四、常见缩写词BC, B.C. before Christ 公元前BS，BSc Bachelor of Science 理科学士C°Centigrade 摄氏度cc cubic centimeter 立方厘米CD compact disk 光盘，激光唱片cf. confer(=compare) 试比较；参看cm centimeter 厘米Co company 公司c/o care of 由…转交cp. compare 比较dept. , Dept. Department 部，司，局，系Dr , Dr. doctor 博士；医生e.g. exempli gratia(=for example) 例如esp. Especially 尤其是et al. et alia(=and others) 以及其他等等etc. et cetera(=and the rest) 等等F Fahrenheit 华氏的ft Foot,feet 英尺g,gm gram 克GMT Greenwich Mean Time格林威治时间hr,hr. hour 小时ID identification card 身份证i.e. id est( = that is) 那就是，即in. inch 英寸Inc. incorporated 股份有限的Jr. junior 小(用于姓名后) kg,kg. kilogram 千克，公斤km,km. kilometer 千米，公里l,l. liter 升lb,lb. libra( = pound) 磅Ltd. limited 有限的, 股份有限m,m. meter 米MA Master of Arts 文科硕士MS,MSc Master of Science 理科硕士min. minute 分钟ml,ml. millimeter 毫升Mr,Mr. Mister …先生Mrs,Mrs. Mistress …夫人，…太太Ms,Ms. Mrs or Miss 女士Mt mount,mountain 峰，山No. Number 号码P page;parking 页，停车处par,para paragraph （文章的）段Ph.D,PhD philosophiae Doctor 博士pl. plural 复数PM,P.M. post meridiem( = afternoon) 下午，午后PRC People's Republic of China中华人民共和国Prof. P rofessor 教授PS postscript 附言Rd.,rd road 路sec. second 秒sing. singular 单数sq square 平方；广场st. street 街道sth something 某物，某事t,t. ton 吨tel. telephone 电话UK United Kingdom 英国UN United Nations 联合国US,U.S. United States ( of America)美国usu. usually 通常v,vs versus …对…VIP very important person 重要人物vol. V olume 卷，册W,w watt 瓦特WC water closet 厕所。