The prevalence of H1N1v among patients attending viral swabbing centres课件
预防H1N1流感病毒的英语作文
Dear students,H1N1 flu is spreading widely across the world. In order to ensure a safe and happy winter vacation, the Students’ Union calls on each of us to take measures to prevent the H1N1 flu efficiently.First of all, a positive attitude is necessary. H1N1 flu is preventable and cura ble, so there’s no need to panic, and keeping our spirits up can always make a bi g difference. Besides, it’s important to ensure our personal hygiene, especially fre quent hand-washing with soap and water, the simplest but the most effective way. In addition, our own immune system, which plays a vital role in keeping us safe from the H1N1 flu or any other disease, should be strengthened without any hes itation. To achieve this, were supposed to maintain a healthy diet, do exercise reg ularly and get enough sleep as well.Last but not least, try to avoid close contact with people who are sick and p laces crowded with people, like shopping malls and supermarkets, so as to reduce the chance of getting infected.Nothing is more worthy of our attention than our health. Only when we hav e a healthy body can we really enjoy the holiday and our life. Act now.Students’ UnionJan. 26, 2010【下载本文档，可以自由复制内容或自由编辑修改内容，更多精彩文章，期待你的好评和关注，我将一如既往为您服务】精品文档交流。
高中英语 VOA常速讲解01月合辑 流感爆发使波士顿进入公共卫生紧急状态文本素材
VOA常速双语新闻附字幕:流感爆发使波士顿进入公共卫生紧急状态查看原帖Hand washing is a big deal at the Tufts Medical Center emergency room. Nurse Sandy Gibbons said they've seen a surge of flu patients in the l ast couple weeks.在塔弗茨医学中心的急诊室，洗手可是一件大事。
护士桑迪·吉本斯说最近几周感冒患者骤增。
“And it came on very fast. That's w hat we've noticed. It went from bein g a trickle t o inundated within a matter of two to three days,” said Gibbons.我们发现，感冒传的很快，最初只是一小部分人，两三天内就蔓延了。
Hospitals are inundated across Boston. Influenza cases are up more than 10-fold from last year's mild season.整个波士顿的医院人满为患，感冒病例比去年温和季节多10倍以上，And that's a challenge for hospitals that already are nearly full, said Dr. David Hooper at Massachusetts Gene ral Hospital.这对那些已经满员的医院来说是个挑战，麻省总医院的戴维德·霍珀说。
“The surge in influenza pa tients since early December has really added a l ot more press ure on managing beds and making sure everyone gets the care they need,” he said.12月来感冒病人数量骤增，这对床位管理来说增加了很多压力，很难确保每人都得到医护。
2023全国医学博士英语统一考试真题
2023全国医学博士英语统一考试真题题目一阅读理解针对下面的问题，请阅读以下材料：材料一1.The flu virus, also known as influenza, is a highly contagious respiratory illness. It spreads easily from person to person through tiny droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.2.The most effective way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccine. The flu vaccine is designed to protect against the most prevalent strains of flu virus that are expected to circulate each year.3.In addition to getting vaccinated, there are other preventive measures that can help reduce the risk of getting the flu. These include washing hands frequently, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.4.If a person does get the flu, it is important to rest, stay hydrated, and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or persist.5.The flu virus can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, fatigue, and nasal congestion. It can also lead to serious complications, especially in young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.材料二1.Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical treatment that involves inserting thin needles at specific points on the body. It is believed to help restore the flow of qi (energy) and promote healing.2.Acupuncture has been used for thousands of years to treat various physical and mental conditions, including chronic pain, migraines, anxiety, and infertility.3.The World Health Organization recognizes acupuncture as a valid treatment for over 100 different conditions, including but not limited to allergies, asthma, depression, and insomnia.4.In recent years, acupuncture has gained popularity in Western countries as a complementary therapy alongside conventional medicine.5.The effectiveness of acupuncture still remains a subject of debate in the scientific community. Some studies have found it to be beneficial for certain conditions, while others have found no significant difference compared to sham acupuncture or other placebo treatments.问题1.What is the most effective way to prevent the flu?参考答案The most effective way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccine.题目二词汇与语法根据句子上下文或词汇提示，在横线上填入正确的单词或词组。
关于甲型h1n1流感的英语作文
关于甲型h1n1流感的英语作文The H1N1 influenza, commonly known as swine flu, emerged as a global health concern in 2009. It is a respiratory disease caused by a new strain of the H1N1 virus, which was previously only found in pigs.This virus spread rapidly across continents, affecting people of all ages. The symptoms were similar to those of seasonal flu, including fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. However, the H1N1 strain was particularly severe for certain groups, such as children, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems.Governments and health organizations worldwide took swift action to combat the pandemic. Public health campaigns emphasized the importance of hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and covering one's mouth when coughing or sneezing, to prevent the spread of the virus.Vaccination was a key strategy in controlling the H1N1 outbreak. Vaccines were developed and distributed to protect against the virus, with priority given to those most at risk. This mass vaccination effort was crucial in reducing the severity and spread of the disease.Despite the initial panic, the coordinated global response to the H1N1 pandemic demonstrated the importance of international cooperation in public health. It alsohighlighted the need for ongoing research and preparednessfor emerging infectious diseases.The experience with H1N1 has left a lasting impact on how we approach public health crises. It has reinforced the significance of early detection, rapid response, and the value of a well-informed public in managing and mitigating the effects of infectious diseases.。
英文作文抗击甲流
英文作文抗击甲流The outbreak of the H1N1 flu is a serious issue that we all need to address. It's important for everyone to take the necessary precautions to protect themselves and others from getting sick.One of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of the flu is to practice good hygiene. This includes washing your hands frequently, covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and avoiding close contact with people who are sick.It's also important to stay home if you're feeling unwell. By staying home, you can help prevent the spread of the flu to others and give yourself the opportunity to rest and recover.In addition to practicing good hygiene and staying home when you're sick, it's also a good idea to get vaccinated against the flu. The flu vaccine can help protect you fromgetting sick and reduce the severity of symptoms if you do get the flu.Finally, it's important to stay informed about the latest developments and recommendations regarding the H1N1 flu. By staying informed, you can make informed decisions about how to protect yourself and others from getting sick.In conclusion, the H1N1 flu is a serious issue that requires everyone to take action to prevent its spread. By practicing good hygiene, staying home when you're sick, getting vaccinated, and staying informed, we can all do our part to protect ourselves and others from getting sick.。
英语作文甲流
英语作文甲流In the realm of global health, the emergence of new diseases and the resurgence of old ones are constant concerns. TheH1N1 influenza pandemic, commonly referred to as "swine flu," is a prime example of how a novel virus can swiftly spread across the globe, impacting public health, economies, and social structures. This essay aims to explore the origins of the H1N1 virus, its global impact, and the measures taken to mitigate its effects.The H1N1 virus first appeared in 2009, with its epicenter in Mexico before it rapidly spread to the United States and then to the rest of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a public health emergency of international concern. The virus was a triple-reassortant virus, meaning it was a mix of three different strains of influenza, including one from pigs, which is where the "swine flu" moniker originates.The global impact of the H1N1 pandemic was significant. It led to widespread illness, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, and in some cases, death. The WHO reported that over 700,000 cases were confirmed in 74 countries, but the actual number of cases was believed to be much higher due to underreporting and the mild nature of the disease in many patients. The pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of healthcare systems worldwide and the importance of international cooperation in disease surveillance andresponse.To combat the spread of H1N1, governments and health organizations implemented various strategies. One of the most crucial was the development and distribution of a vaccine. The speed at which the vaccine was produced was a testament to the advancements in medical science and global collaboration. Public health campaigns were also launched to educate people on the importance of hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and covering mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing, to prevent the transmission of the virus.Another significant measure was the implementation of travel restrictions and border controls to limit the spread of the virus. While these measures were controversial and had economic implications, they were deemed necessary to slow the transmission rate and buy time for healthcare systems to prepare for potential surges in cases.The H1N1 pandemic also led to a reevaluation of pandemic preparedness plans. It underscored the need for countries to have robust healthcare infrastructure, efficient surveillance systems, and the ability to quickly respond to emerging health threats. The experience with H1N1 has influenced the way governments and health organizations approach disease outbreaks, leading to improved coordination and preparedness for future pandemics.In conclusion, the H1N1 influenza pandemic was a significant event in recent global health history. It challenged theworld's ability to respond to a rapidly spreading disease and highlighted the importance of preparedness, international cooperation, and public health education. The lessons learned from the H1N1 pandemic continue to inform and improve our approach to managing and preventing the spread of infectious diseases on a global scale.。
(每日一读)高考英语考前突破 阅读理解能力 国际时事要闻 利比里亚医生用抗HIV药治疗埃博拉获奇效素材
利比里亚医生用抗 HIV 药治疗埃博拉获奇效A doctor who was used anti-HIV medication to treat Ebola out of desperation af ter 1 being inundated with patients, has reported positive results. 利比里亚一医生“兵行险着”，启用抗 HIV 药物进行治疗，不料竟获奇效。
Dr Gobee Logan gave the drug lamivudine to 15 Ebola patients in a clinic in Tubmanburg, and 13 survived. This gives patients treated with lamivudine a 7% mortality rate, whereas overall mortality rates for those infected are 70%. "My stomach was hurting; I was feeling weak; I was vomiting," Ebola patient Elizabeth Kundu, 23, told CNN. "They gave me medicine, and I'm feeling fine. We take it, and we can eat – we'r e feeling fine in our bodies." Those patients who survived after taking lamivudine, took the medication during the first five days of infection. The two who died started treatment five and eight days 2 after onset of the illness. "I'm sure that when [patients] present early, thi s medicine can help," Logan sai d. "I've proven it right in my center." Logan said that he was aware that the medical establishment would remain sceptical until research had been undertaken involving a much larger group of patients, half 3 of w hom would be given lamivudine, and the other half a placebo . "Our people are dying and you're taking about studi es?" he said. "It's a matter of doing all that I can do as a doctor to save some people's lives." He said that h e decided to try using lamivudine after reading in a medical journal 5 that HIV and Ebola replicates in the body in similar ways. Initially Logan tried the drug on a colleague who had b ecome infe cted, and within two days he showed signs of improvement and survived. Researchers at the National Institut e of Allergy and Infectious Diseases told C NN that they would be willing to carry out follow-up tests. The World Health Organisation said that experimental use of two trial Ebo la 9 vaccines developed by GlaxoSmithKline and NewLink has begun.8 7 6 411 inundated v.淹没( inundate 的过去式和过去分词 )；（洪水般地）涌来；充满；给予或交予（太多 事物）使难以应付 参考例句： We have been inundated with offers of help. 主动援助多得使我们应接不暇。
09中考关于H1N1猪流感的英语作文素材
09中考关于H1N1猪流感的英语作文素材XX年4月24日，H1N1流感在墨西哥爆发，猪流感可以人传人，病毒威胁已走进我们身边，中国也与世界各地一样处在这场全球性的危机中。
这场突如其来的公共卫生事件迅速在全球范围内传播。
截止格林尼治时间XX年4月29日，有8个国家已经正式报告发现A型/H1N1猪流感病毒感染病例。
美国政府已经报告了91例实验室确认的人感染病例，1例死亡。
截至4月29日，墨西哥卫生部门公布的因猪流感病毒死亡人数达152人，墨全国有1995人入院治疗。
已经有实验室确认的病例报告的国家还有：加拿大、德国、以色列、新西兰、西班牙、英国。
4月29日，世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍博士将猪流感疫情警报等级调整为五级。
大家先来看看，如果我们写哪个国家发现了猪流感疑似病例，怎么写英语的句子？例句1、奥地利发现五名疑似病例。
Five suspected cases of swine flu found in Austria.例句 2、韩国奥地利发现1名疑似病例。
大家自己写写吧！如果我们写，猪流感期间不建议大家去疫情的地区旅游，大家怎么写？先看一个例句：例句3：瑞士公民被建议不去墨国旅游. Swiss citizens advised against Mexico travel.同样的换个国家，就能写另外一个句子了.例句 4、瑞士政府周二通知公民避免不必要的墨国旅游.The Swiss government advised its citizens to avoid non-essential travel to Mexico on Tuesday.如果我们写被隔离了，怎么写呢？例句5：从墨国刚返回的瑞士公民都有流感症状，已被隔离.Swiss who had just returned from Mexico all had the symptoms of influenza and were in quarantine.如果我们想写长点的句子，比如：他承认所有病者或疑似病者最近都去过墨国，/他们已被隔离并接受必要治疗，/但是否已染猪流感病毒还需最后确认。
禽流感 - 关于当年的H1N1流感
How does novel H1N1 Influenza spread?
• This virus is thought to spread the same way seasonal flu spreads
• Primarily through respiratory droplets – Coughing – Sneezing – Touching respiratory droplets on yourself, another person, or an object, then touching mucus membranes (e.g., mouth, nose, eyes) without washing hands
If you get sick…
• Stay home if you’re sick for 7 days after your symptoms begin or until you’ve been symptom-free for 24 hours, whichever is longer. • If you are sick, limit your contact with other people as muchpates that there will be more cases, more hospitalizations and more deaths associated with this new virus in the coming days and weeks because the population has little to no immunity against it. • We must all work together to limit and control the transmission of novel H1N1 influenza.
英文作文抗击甲流
英文作文抗击甲流英文：As the world is currently facing the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to remember the lessons learned from the previous outbreak of the H1N1 virus, also known as swine flu. In order to effectively combat the spread of the virus, it is crucial that we take proactive measures to protect ourselves and those around us.First and foremost, it is important to practice good hygiene. This includes washing our hands frequently with soap and water, covering our mouths and noses when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with others when we are feeling unwell. Additionally, wearing a mask can help prevent the spread of the virus by reducing the amount of respiratory droplets that are released into the air.It is also important to stay informed about the latest developments and guidelines from health authorities. Bystaying up-to-date with the latest information, we can make informed decisions about how to protect ourselves and our communities.Finally, it is important to remain calm and support one another during this challenging time. By working together and supporting each other, we can overcome this crisis and emerge stronger than ever before.中文：当前全球正在面临COVID-19大流行的挑战，我们需要记住从之前的H1N1病毒暴发中所学到的教训。
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Background & context
• Dramatic rise in clinical and laboratory diagnosed H1N1 (June ’09) • Suspension of viral swabbing in areas of sustained transmission
The prevalence of H1N1v among patients attending viral swabbing centres
Michelle Gillies, Tasmin Sommerfield, Eleanor Anderson, Gillian Penrice, Syed Ahmed
H1N1 negative
Results
Anti-viral medication most effective if given early…
Of the 96 patients that met the clinical diagnosis of H1N1
• 40.6% (39) presented to the viral testing centre within 48 hours of symptoms onset
Results
• 221 patients referred to participating swabbing centres
• 190 (86.0%) attended and consented to viral testing
• 117 (61.3%) completed a self-administered symptom questionnaire
15
7
P= 0.060
No
81
Yes
14
H1N1 positive
H1N1 negative
HPS FF100 prevalence ~ 75%
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
Self-reported symptoms: diarrhoea and/or vomiting
P= 0.090
– > 1500 clinically diagnosed cases of H1N1 reported to public health
• In areas where swabbing continued <10% tested positive • Concern over discriminatory power of clinical diagnosis of H1N1
Prevalence of laboratory confirmed H1N1 18.0% (95% CI 11.0 - 26.1)
Baseline Characteristics
Male, n (%) Median age, Years (IQR) Median symptom duration, days (IQR) * Close contact of confirmed case, n(%)** Recent History of Travel, n (%) **
Self-reported symptoms: cough
100% 80%
3
13
P= 1.000
60%
40%
18
No
83
Yes
20%
0% H1N1 positive
H1N1 negative
HPS FF100 prevalence dry cough ~80%, productive cough ~40%
Clinical case = fever and two or more of the following symptoms: cough, sore throat, rhinorrhoea, limb or joint pain, headache, vomiting or diarrhoea
Results
Methods
• Prospective cohort study • 2nd – 4th July 2009 inclusive • All suspect H1N1 cases attending one of three
swabbing centres (South West, South East and North) • Completion of self-administered questionnaire
Self-reported symptoms: sore throat
100% 80%
5
P= 0.313
13
60%
40%
16
20%
No
83
Yes
0% H1N1 positive
H1N1 negative
HPS FF100 prevalence ~80%
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
Self-reported symptoms Fever Cough Sore throat Rhinorrhoea Myalgia and / or arthralgia Headache Diarrhoea and / or Vomiting Clinical case
n (%) 98 (83.8) 101 (86.3) 99 (84.6) 85 (72.7) 83 (70.9) 95 (81.2) 48 (41.0) 96 (82.1)
Self-reported symptoms: rhinorrhoea
P= 0.223
24
8
No
Yes 72 13
H1N1 positive
H1N1 negative
Self-reported symptoms: myalgia and / or arthralgia
100% 80%
6
P= 0.957
• Univariate analyses
– Wilcoxon Ranksum test – Chi-squared tests (Fishers exact test where appropriate)
• Significance level of 0.05 was used throughout
48 (41.0) 25.0 (18.0 – 40.0)
3.0 (2.0 – 4.0) 28 (27.5) 13 (12.8)
Recent travel: 11 mainland Europe, 1 USA, 1 South East Asia
*n=98, **n=102
Results (n=117)
H1N1 cases
Non cases P value
(n=21)
(n=96)
10 (47.6)
38 (39.6) 0.498
21.0 (10.0 - 27.0) 25.0 (20.5 - 41.5) 0.025
2.0 (1.0 – 3.5) 3.0 (2.0 – 4.0) 0.103
8 (40.0) 7 (35.0)
Results
Baseline Characteristics
n = 117
Male, n (%) Median age, Years (IQR) Median symptom duration, days (IQR) * Close contact of confirmed case, n (%) ** Recent History of Travel, n (%) **
to one of nine swabbing centres* • Completion of questionnaire and nasal / throat swabs taken • Samples processed in RVL (real-time polymerase chain reaction) • Public Health Protection Unit informed of all results • Antiviral treatment arranged as clinically indicated for confirmed cases
*Clinical case = fever and two or more of the following symptoms: cough, sore throat, rhinorrhoea, limb or joint pain, headache, vomiting or diarrhoea
28
60%
40%
15
20%
No Yes 68
0% H1N1 positive
H1N1 negative
HPS FF100 prevalence myalgia ~70%, arthralgia ~ 50%
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
Self-reported symptoms: headache
20 (24.4) 6 (7.3)
0.161 0.001
*n=98, **n=102
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
Self-reported symptoms: fever
4
P= 0.700
15
No
Yes
17Leabharlann 81H1N1 positive
H1N1 negative
HPS FF100 prevalence ~ 95%
Objectives
• To determine the prevalence of H1N1 in patients attending swabbing centres in NHSGG&C