英文论文的结论部分写作要点(上课用)
英语作文的结论
英语作文的结论In conclusion, the art of crafting a compelling English essay lies in the clarity of thought, the precision of language, and the coherence of structure. The conclusion of an essay serves as the final impression on the reader, summarizing the main points and reinforcing the thesis statement. It is crucial to avoid introducing new information in the conclusion, as it can leave the reader with an incomplete understanding of the argument.To ensure a strong conclusion, one should:1. Restate the Thesis: Briefly reiterate the main argument or thesis of the essay without repeating the exact words used in the introduction.2. Summarize Key Points: Concisely review the main ideas presented in the body paragraphs, demonstrating how they support the thesis.3. Provide a Final Thought: Offer a closing insight or thought that leaves the reader with a lasting impression. This could be a call to action, a question for further reflection, or a statement about the broader implications of the topic.4. Maintain a Formal Tone: The conclusion should be writtenin a formal and academic tone consistent with the rest of theessay.5. Be Concise and Clear: A conclusion should be succinct, avoiding unnecessary details or lengthy explanations.6. Signal the End: Use transitional phrases or words tosignal that the essay is coming to an end, such as "In summary," "To conclude," or "In essence."7. Leave a Lasting Impact: Aim to end on a note thatresonates with the reader, whether it's an emotional appeal,a thought-provoking statement, or a call for change.Remember, the conclusion is your last chance to persuade the reader and leave them with a clear understanding of your position on the topic. It should be a culmination of your argument, not just a simple rehash of what has been said before. With a well-crafted conclusion, your essay will leave a lasting impression and effectively communicate your message.。
如何写结论英文作文
如何写结论英文作文英文回答：In any literary analysis, the conclusion serves as a crucial component that encapsulates the entirety of the essay. Its primary goal is to provide a concise and comprehensive summary of the main arguments presented throughout the essay while offering a thought-provoking insight that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.To craft an effective conclusion, it is essential to first revisit the thesis statement and ensure that it is adequately addressed and supported by the evidence presented in the body paragraphs. The conclusion should not merely restate the thesis but rather provide a nuanced understanding of its implications and significance.Moreover, the conclusion offers an opportunity to delve deeper into the analysis by exploring additional perspectives or connections to broader literary or culturalcontexts. By doing so, the writer can demonstrate athorough understanding of the topic and engage the readerin a more profound way.When writing a conclusion, it is important to usestrong language and employ literary devices such asfigurative language or rhetorical questions to evoke asense of closure and provoke thought. The conclusion should also be concise, avoiding unnecessary repetition or rambling.中文回答：如何写结论英文作文。
英语作文结论模板
英语作文结论模板英文回答：In conclusion, the discussion on the topic of [topic] has shed light on a myriad of perspectives and insights. By exploring various viewpoints and examining the evidence presented, we have gained a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding this issue. The arguments presented in this essay have aimed to provide a balanced and nuanced analysis, considering both the strengths and limitations of each perspective. While it is impossible to provide a definitive answer that satisfies all viewpoints, the aim of this essay has been to contribute to the ongoing dialogue and encourage critical thinking on this important topic.中文回答：综上所述，关于[主题]的讨论阐明了众多观点和见解。
通过探索不同的观点并审视所提供的证据，我们对围绕此问题的复杂性有了更深入的理解。
本文提出的论点旨在提供一种平衡且细致入微的分析，同时考虑每个观点的优缺点。
虽然无法提供一个满足所有观点的明确答案，但本文的目的是促进对这个重要话题的持续对话并鼓励批判性思考。
英文论文总结范文
Introduction:In recent years, technology has become an integral part of our lives, transforming various sectors, including education. The integration of technology in the educational field has led to significant changes in teaching methods, learning experiences, and overall academic performance. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the impact of technology on education, discussing its advantages, challenges, andfuture prospects.Advantages of Technology in Education:1. Enhanced Learning Experience:Technology has revolutionized the way students learn. With the use of interactive multimedia tools, such as videos, simulations, and virtual reality, students can engage with the subject matter more effectively. This active learning approach fosters better understanding and retention of information.2. Access to a Wealth of Resources:The internet has made a vast array of educational resources readily available to students and teachers. Online libraries, educational websites, and e-books provide access to a wide range of materials, enabling students to explore various topics beyond the limitations of traditional textbooks.3. Personalized Learning:Technology allows for personalized learning experiences. Adaptive learning platforms can tailor the learning content and pace toindividual student needs, ensuring that each student receives the appropriate level of support and challenge.4. Collaboration and Communication:Technology facilitates collaboration among students and teachers, regardless of geographical barriers. Online discussion forums, videoconferencing, and collaborative tools enable students to work together on projects, enhancing their teamwork and communication skills.Challenges of Technology in Education:1. Digital Divide:The digital divide refers to the gap between individuals with and without access to digital technology. This disparity can hinder educational opportunities for underprivileged students, as they may not have access to the necessary devices and internet connectivity.2. Overreliance on Technology:An excessive reliance on technology can lead to reduced criticalthinking and problem-solving skills. Students may become dependent on digital tools for answers, rather than developing their own analytical abilities.3. Privacy and Security Concerns:The use of technology in education raises concerns about data privacy and security. Schools must ensure that students' personal information is protected from unauthorized access and misuse.Future Prospects:1. Integration of Artificial Intelligence:The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education holds great potential. AI-powered tools can provide personalized learning experiences, automate administrative tasks, and assist teachers in identifying struggling students.2. Expansion of Online Education:The global pandemic has accelerated the adoption of online education. As technology continues to advance, online learning platforms are expected to become more sophisticated, offering a wider range of courses and interactive experiences.3. Teacher Training and Professional Development:To fully leverage technology in education, teachers need to be well-trained and up-to-date with the latest tools and methodologies. Continuous professional development programs are crucial to ensure that educators can effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices.Conclusion:The impact of technology on education is undeniable. While it offers numerous advantages, such as enhanced learning experiences, personalized learning, and improved collaboration, it also presents challengesrelated to the digital divide, overreliance on technology, and privacy concerns. To harness the full potential of technology in education, itis essential to address these challenges and invest in teacher training, infrastructure, and policies that promote equitable access to digital resources. As technology continues to evolve, the future of education looks promising, with innovative tools and methodologies shaping the way students learn and succeed.。
英文作文结论怎么写
英文作文结论怎么写下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!In a nutshell, that's about it.Well, that's what I think.So, that's the end of it.Anyways, that's my take.To sum up, that's it.Basically, that's all there is to it.Alright, that's it for now.。
英语议论文写作要点
一、英语议论文写作要点议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主.作者对*一问题持有一种看法,为了使读者同意自己的看法,提出假设干理由,企图说服他人.高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下要点: 1. 论点要鲜明、确切．一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点．论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证．2. 论据要充分、可靠．一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据．3. 论证要严密、得法．归纳法〔induction〕和演绎法〔deduction〕是议论文常用的论证方法．归纳法的例子为根底，从几个例子和现象中，归纳出*种道理和看法．例如：报纸是一种媒体〔medium 〕，人们可以从中得到现代信息；电视是一种媒体，人们也可以从中获得信息；播送也是媒体，人们同样可以从中获得现代信息．因此我们可以得出结论，其他媒体，如网络等，一定会给人们信息．演绎法以一个或多个看法为根底，从一般论断，演绎到不同事例，再加以论述，最后再回到一般论断上来．例如：所有的媒体都可以给人们提供信息，网络是媒体，因此人们可以从网络中获得信息．在归纳中要注意使用的例子要充分，不能以点概面．二、议论文的写作步骤:1. 引言(introduction)．由于英语作文受时间，字数的限制．因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支援什么，反对什么．2. 主体段〔main body〕．主体段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据．〔adequate proofs〕来论证自己的观点．一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进展阐述．3. 结论〔conclusion〕．结论段可以用一两句话来完毕文章．同时要注意与引言段照应，但不能照搬前面的原话．例：课本高二上P78 第一封信Tutorial center is helpful.I have studied at a tutorial center for two years. My mand of English has improved considerably since I started this course.At my center, the fees are reasonable. My tutors are qualified teachers. I have been helped a lot by them. They are sincere and kind.One of my teachers was British. At first, I could not say anything to her. But later I learned how to municate in English with a westerner.I think that the tutorial center has given me a lot of confidence in using English.评注: 第一段提出论点, 表达家教中心是helpful(段划线局部) ,主体段分别从几个方面(划线局部)来阐述家教中心确实有帮助,结论段重申家教中心的作用(划线局部),且语句表达与第一段中的不重复.三、议论文的写作模式1. 议论文的类型英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: ①“一分为二〞的观点．如“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响〞②“两者选一〞的观点．如，期中考试作文题，“乘火车还是乘飞机〞③“我认为……〞型．如“你对课外阅读的看法〞④“怎样……〔how to〕〞型．如“怎样克制学习中碰到的困难〞．⑤图表作文．通过阅读图表中的数字与工程得出一个结论或形成一种看法．按照高二上学期的写作要求，学生主要应掌握①②两种类型的议论文的写作．在第①种类型中命题涉及*一事物或现象的正反两个方面：通过正反两个方面的比照，得出结论是利大于弊，还是弊大于利．论证要围绕所要得出的结论来展开，假设利大于弊，则有利的一面要多阐述一点．反之亦然．在第②种类型中，命题要求在A或B两者之间作一比拟或选择，两个对象往往各有优势，所以结论局部有两种情况：a. 要么支持A，要么支持B;b. A、B优势均难的割舍，只好依情况而定在结论局部说清楚在什么条件选A, 在什么条件选B．下面重点介绍第①、②种类型议论文的写作模式.2. “一分为二〞观点的议论文模式Introduction第1段:Nowadays more and more people．．．/．．．plays an important part in．．．. like everythingelse, ．．．has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects/both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the favorable aspects/advantages can be listed as follows.Main body第2段：Firstly,.. Secondly,…In addition/What’s more…第3段: Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects/disadvantages are also apparent/obvious. To begin with…; To make matters worse…; Worse of all…Conclusion第4段: Through above analysis/All things considered, we can see that the positive aspects/advantages outweigh the negative ones/disadvantages. Therefore…例文1. 看电视的利与弊 Advantages and disadvantages of watching TVNowadays more and more people like to watch TV. So TV plays a very important part in our life. But watching TV has both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.Firstly, you can e*pand your knowledge by watching TV. As we all know, learning things by TV is much faster than by listening to the radio or just by reading books. Forit has colorful pictures as well as wonderful music. Secondly, you may know anybody you want to know such as famous singers, super stars, scientists and so on. What’s more, you can go everywhere by traveling programs. Let’s suppose, if you like traveling very much, but you have to work on weekends or holidays, you must be very sad. And now open your TV and it’ll take you to anywhere. Every coin has two sides. The disadvantages are also obvious. For e*ample, watching too much TV can easily bee short-sighted, especially for children and students. To make matters worse, some young students are keen on watching TV so that they give up their studies gradually. Through above analysis, I think watching TV is a way of studying, it is good for us to watch TV. But when we watchTV, we should make a plan otherwise watching TV will destroy our life.例文2. 谈谈出国留学的利与弊 Where to attend a collegeNowadays more and more young people are going to study abroad. Like everything else, studying abroad has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the favorable aspects can be listed as follows.Firstly, they think by attending a college in a foreign country they can learn not only useful knowledge, but also the culture and customs of other nations. Secondly, they can take advantage of this opportunity to gain a good mand of the foreign language they are learning very quickly. Moreover, they can meet different people and e*perience different cultures, which may help to broaden their views.Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. The costs are much higher than those in their native country. Most overseas students have to work for a living, which can’t allow them to pay all their attention to study. What’s more, they may feel very lonely.Through above analysis, we can see that the positiveaspects outweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I am in favor of going abroad to study.写作练习：①谈谈校服〔school uniforms〕.提示：近年来，越来越多的中小学要求穿校服．对此引发了学生中由对这个问题的讨论，请写一片英语短文阐述你的观点．Reference: some of the main arguments for and against school uniforms.FOR1.Students look neat and tidy.2.The public knows which school you are from.3.Parents all pay the same money.4.Students don’t worry about fashions.5.Teachers can identify students on school trips.AGAINST1.Uniforms are e*pensive.2.Children grow fast, need new uniforms.3.Some uniforms are very unfortable.4.Students all look the same, can’t be individuals.5.Get bored with same clothes every day.②说广告〔about advertisement〕.提示：有人说广告在现代社会是很重要，有人认为广告的促销成分太多，你认为……3.“两者选一〞观点的议论文模式模式⑴:A、B两者优劣势分析,要么选A,要么选B. Introduction第1段:Some people hold the opinion that (A) is superior to (B) in many ways. Others, however, argue that (B) is much better. Personally, I would prefer (A) because I think (A) has more advantages.Main body第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer (A). The main reason is that … Another reason is that…(赞同A的原因)第3段: Of course, choosing (B) also has advantages to some e*tent, (列出1~2个B的优势)Conclusion第4段: But if all these factors are considered, (A) iswe may finally draw the conclusion that …(总结观点)例文: Which is better“ Cars or bikes“Some people hold the opinion that private cars are superior to bicycles in many ways. Others, however, argue that the bicycle is much better. Personally, I would prefer the use of cars because I think cars have more advantages.There are many reasons why I prefer cars. The main reason is that cars bring convenience and mobility to the owners. What’s more, a car is far more fortable to travel in, especially in the changeable weather. Another reason is that, when more people buy cars, the automobile industry will develop more quickly. The growth of the automobile industry can motivate the rise of other related industries such as iron and steel production.Of course, bicycles can take you to anywhere you like in town and does not need a large parking place. Besides, it is not as e*pensive as a car and therefore every family can afford to buy.But if all these factors are considered, cars are muchwe may finally draw the conclusion that people can live better with the use of cars.模式⑵: A、B优势相当,依情况而定,有条件地选择A或B. Introduction第1段:Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between (A) and (B)“ Before you make the decision, you had better make a close parison.Main body第2段：It is true that(选择A的优势之一). It is also true that(选择A的优势之二). But (选择A的劣势).第3段: Though.(选择B的劣势), (选择B的优势之一). Furthermore, (选择B的优势之二).Conclusion第4段: Therefore, if you…, you should choose (A), but if you…, you should choose (B). (总结观点,提出建议)例文: Listening to the radio or reading the newspapers “Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between listening to the radio and reading the newspapers“ Before you make the decision, you hadbetter make a close parison.It is true that listening to the radio is quick and convenient. It is also true that we can listen to the radio while are doing something else. So we can save a lot of time. But radio programs have their own time schedule. You cannot get the information you need every time you turn on your radio.Though newspapers are not as quick as radio, reading from the newspaper can certainly bring us news more clearly and more e*actly. Furthermore, while reading, we have time to think about what we are reading, to judge it, to analyze it, and then we will be more aware of its cause and effect.We are living in an information age. We have to make full use of the information we can get if we are to achieve our goals.Therefore, if we want to get the latest news, we can listen to the radio, but if we want to get the e*act words, we’d better read the newspaper.写作练习:①安康与财富(Health and Wealth)提示: 安康与财富哪个更重要一直是一个热门话题(hottopic),请简述你的观点.②哪里住更好(Where to live“)提示: 有的人喜欢往城里挤,有的人喜欢往乡下搬. 各有所好,孰是孰非,你以为如何“参考文献:。
英语专业毕业论文如何写结论 如何写毕业论文结论
英语专业毕业论文如何写结论如何写毕业论文结论
但凡写文章，一定得是凤头豹尾，有了好的开头冲锋，还要有好的收束部分。
毕业论文的结论是以研究成果和讨论为前提，经过严密的逻辑推理和论证得出的最后结论。
各位留学生写论文注意了，如何收尾，使你的文章大放光彩，优越论文网专业老师在这里提出一些指导。
首先你要知道毕业论文一般包括哪几项：
1、提出论文的论证结果conclusion.写作者要对全篇文章论证的内容做一个归纳，提出最后的总体性看法；
2、指出对课题的展望。
结论部分，不仅要概括出这篇文章论证的结果，也要指出其中存在的不足，为以后得研究指明方向、提供线索；
3、致谢词。
论文结束后要附上几句话，对于在论文撰写过程中给过自己帮助的老师同学表示感谢，谢辞要感情诚恳、言语得体。
其次要清楚如何写结论：
结论的任务就是通过严密的逻辑推理得到富有创造性、指导性、经验性的结果，这种精炼表达必须是要在理论分析和试验验证的基础上的。
文章的结论要和开始的引言相呼应。
结论并不是对结果简单的重复，而是对研究结果的更深一步的认识。
一般包括：这个研究说明了什么问题，解决了什么问题；对前人研究中有的问题作了什么检验，哪些是修改之后又得出新观点的。
研究成果或论文的真正价值是通过具体的结论来体现的，结尾处不要用绝对夸大的话来做自我评价。
第三要知道论文写作的要求：
1、论文的结论要作为正文的最后一章单独拍鞋，不加章号；
2、语言使用方面要是概括性质的，措辞准确严谨，不能模棱两可含糊其辞；
3、结论的字数要求在600—800左右；
4、论文结论部分要起到结束全文的作用，一般不提出新的观点或材料。
感谢您的阅读！。
外语论文结论部分范例
Conclusion1.SummaryTo sum up, this thesis is about Kelly Link’s personal life and her writing styles.I use her story as an example to analyze her writing style, the steam punk. Then I study her life experience to find where did her get this personal style. Then I get knowledge from other scholar’s review to figure out her influences.In the first part, I analyzed Kelly Link’s work Stranger Things Happen, the unique structure and characters of her story has showed her writing style is full of fantasy and her personal understanding of the world.In the second part, I get knowledge from her interview record to learn her life. Her early life experience gave her the environment of getting such strange stories. She cares about everything around her. That is why her can write everything in her story.In the third part, other scholars’ is my mainly recourse to find Kelly Link’s contribution toward other writers. Her stories are actually a little bit wired, but they still have been accepted by the public. Because it shows the writers a completely new possibility of how to put your own feeling into your stories.So I use above knowledge to study Kelly Link and her works. And all the information that i get is about Kelly Link and others’ reviews about her. In the research phase, I tried to find all the favorable resources, but I still encountered some problems. This made my research inadequacies.2.LimitationsIn the course of the study, I first learned about Kelly Link’s personal situation,such as what she published and what awards she received. Then, I began to find information about her style and personal life by finding some relevant materials. Then, I began to analyze her writing style through her collection of stories named Stranger Things Happen. I used formalism to study her stories’ structure and style. Finally, I once again explained my understanding of her by learning from other scholars’comments on her.During my research, the main difficulty is to read Kelly Link’s stories. Because her story is complicated and contains a lot of strange words. I also encountered some difficulties in the information search phase. Because of she is a writer with a unique style, other scholars also have varied opinions about her. So it was difficult to extract some useful information for me.After understanding the characteristics of Kelly Link’s stories, I realized that it was not enough to study her by only one book. Because her story is so unique, I think that each of her works may be unique. So I still need to study her other works. In the process of analyzing the works and extracting information, I have not been perfect. Because of my understanding problems, I did not make good use of my methodology to study the work, nor did I pick a very detailed message. These are all things that I need to improve.Based on the above considerations, my paper needs to be improved, but it still does not affect that my thesis as a reference paper for Kelly Link. In my paper, I gave my own opinion and hope it gives people some information3.Implications for Future ResearchAs a strange writer, Kelly Link still have a lot stories for us to read. Further research on her not only allows us to read more interesting stories, but also allows us to discover the new vitality of American novels.In future studies, I will read more of her work to learn more about Kelly Link. I believe that after reading more of her stories, I will have a new understanding of her.The current American literary world is a fascinating area. Because many writers such as Kelly Link make more and more new stories known and loved by people. In today’s increasingly fast-paced society, people need such literary works to cultivate sentiment. Because literary works allow us to find ourselves in society.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英文论文的结论部分写作要点（结论、致谢）1 如何写结论结论部分(Conclusion)是作者对有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。
结论必须具有严密的科学性和客观性，它反映本研究课题的价值，同时对以后的研究具有指导意义。
1.1 结论部分的内容与结构布局一般来说，结论部分的具体内容及其组织框架如下。
(1) 概括说明本课题的研究内容、结果及其意义与价值。
(2) 比较具体地说明本研究证明了什么假设或理论，得出了什么结论，研究结果有何实用价值，有何创造性成果或见解，解决了什么实际问题，有何应用前景等。
(3) 与他人的相关研究进行比较。
(4) 本课题的局限性、不足之处，还有哪些尚待解决的问题。
(5)展望前景，或指出进一步研究的方向。
在上面五项内容中，第一、二项是必不可少的。
第三、四、五项内容可以根据需要而定。
例1.Overall, our study has revealed a variety of patterns at the community and population levels, none of which seem to indicate obvious decline in southeastern Ohio's oak-hickory (橡树与山核桃科树木) forests.2.Clearly, sporadic insect outbreaks, pathogens (病菌), and climatic events have caused excessive mortality of certain species in certain stands (树林).3. Some stands exhibited mortality as high as 40%.4. However, an average of 20% dead stems in a stand appears to be reasonable without inferring excessive mortality or decline.5. Likewise,certain species were in an obvious state of decline, but these generally had a clear pathogenic explanation. 6. Changes occurring due to insects and pathogens may be a natural and necessary phenomenon (Castello et al. 1995). 7.Evaluation of decline symptoms in smaller size classes might provide additional useful information to be used in understanding the oak regeneration problem.从例子可以看出，通过一项研究工作，可能会得出几条结论，这些结论的主次轻重可以从字里行间表现出来。
如通过使用…has the strongestrelationship…点出了最主要的结论，而运用…also…这个词，来表示递进关系，说明这句话陈述的内容是研究结论之二。
有时为了清楚醒目，可以将结论列成几条。
1.2 结论部分的语言运用技巧结论部分的语言除要严谨、连贯、精炼、确切以外，还要具有高度的概括性。
结论部分与其他各部分不同的是，现在时态(特别是一般现在时和现在完成时) 使用频率很高，这是因为结论部分总结研究者到前为止做了些什么工作，得出了什么结果，这些结果对现在来说有什么影响、意义和价值，能够应用于什么地方，解决什么问题等。
结论中的句子既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，总体上说，两种语态的使用频率差别无几。
但有时结论部分侧重于研究内容、对象或结果，所以，往往将研究内容置于句首作主语，于是，谓语动词自然要使用被动语态。
用主动语态时，常常用this paper, this investigation, this study, this survey, the results, the analysis 或we, I 等作主语。
例a. This study clearly demonstrates that…b. This investigation discovers that…c. This study reveals that…d. We have described…e. We have shown…f. In this paper we have proposed/discussed…g. These results represent…例中的a，b，c，g四个句子中，分别用了demonstrate，discover，reveal，represent作谓语，表示作者对研究结果所持的态度明确、肯定。
表示作者不太肯定或慎重的态度，或者用以缓和语气的动词修饰技巧：技巧1：用情态动词最常用情态动词有will，can, may，及其过去式would，could，might等，表示“可能”之意。
这三个情态动词语气依次减弱。
同一情态动词的过去式比现在式语气弱。
例a. Evaluation of decline symptoms in smaller size classes might provide additional useful information to be used in understanding the oak regeneration problem.b. Changes occurring due to insects and pathogensmay be a natural and necessary phenomenon.技巧2：用某些形容词和副词不同的形容词和副词表达作者不同的态度和语气。
如certainly，of course，absolutely，definitely，clearly 等词用来加强语气，表示作者态度肯定；almost certain，probably，highly likely次之。
而likely，unlikely，possible，possibly，perhaps等词表示作者没有把握，语气比较弱。
例：Perhaps changes occurring due to insects and pathogens are a natural and necessary phenomenon. 技巧3：用seem，appear，tend等动词这三个动词用在另一动词之前，构成seem to + do／be／have，appear to do／be／have，tend to do／be／have的结构，表示陈述的现象、内容或观点还有进一步探讨的余地。
例a. However, an average of 20 % dead stems in a stand appears to be reasonable without inferring excessive mortality or decline.b. Science projects appear to be an important part of science education.下面的句子语气依次减弱：例 a. Science projects are an important part ofscience education.b. Science projects tend to be an important part of science education.c. Science projects appear to be an important part of science education.d. Science projects seem to be an important part of science education.e. It would appear that science projects are an important part of science education.技巧4：选用不同的动词在分析、综合、归纳、推理过程中，常常会使用show，prove, illustrate，reveal，suggest，indicate，support，clarify，verify等动词。
这些动词含义不同，所表示的语气或态度也不同。
在使用同义词或近义词时，要注意区分它们的含义。
例如，表达形成某现象的原因时，相近的动词有cause，lead to，contribute to，be the reason of，be the root of等。
选用不同动词都会对整个句子的意思产生影响。
试比较以下句子：例a．C1early，sporadic insect outbreaks，pathogens (病菌)，and climatic events have caused excessive mortality of certain species in certain stands．(表示直接原因，负全部责任)b．C1early，sporadic insect outbreaks，pathogens(病菌)，and climatic events have lead to excessive mortality of certain species in certain stands．(有一个变化过程，表示间接原因)a．C1early，sporadic insect outbreaks，pathogens(病菌)，and climatic events have contributed to excessive mortality of certain species in certain stands.(表示部分原因，一定还有别的原因)结论中常用的句型框架还有：例a. Further investig ations are under way to…b. Further refinement of the models is needed to…c. Experiments have been designed to…d. Analytical models have been developed using…e. It is found that…f. It is further concluded that…g. In this paper,… are reviewed/ investigated/ observed/ studied.h. The presented study is conducted by using…2 如何写致谢(Acknowledgements)例AcknowledgementsSupport for this program is provided by the Ohio State University Extension and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Additional support has been provided by the US Department of Agriculture.例ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant MSS8912521 and by the Gray Research and Development Office.例I wish to thank Professors Sheldon Grebstein and John Hagopian for their valuable suggestions. I also thank Professor Sylvia Bowman for her comments on the manuscript. In addition, I owe an obligation to my friend Francis Hanks for his constant assistance in the course of the research.致谢中的常用英语句型(1)感谢赞助单位或个人a. Support for this program/project/study is provided by…b. Funding for this program is provided by…c. I thank…for giving financial Support for this study.d. Additional support is provided by…e. Research for this paper was partially supported by…f. This research was funded by…(2)感谢提供资料的单位或个人a. Data were supplied/provided by…b. Permission to quote from material protected by copyright has been granted by…c. I thank…for the permission to quote frommaterial protected by copyright.(3)感谢提出建议和帮助的个人a. I thank…for comments on the manuscript.b. In addition, I am grateful to…for their valuable suggestions, and to…for her patience and good counsel.c. For help in the technical assistance, I thank…d. We thank the following people for their helpful comments on drafts of this paper: …e. In addition, I wish to thank…for his valuable suggestions.f. For their encouragement, support, and research assistance, I would like to thank the following individuals who have contributed substantially to the completion of this study/paper/work.（4）感谢不知名的审稿人a. The anonymous reviewers have also contributed considerably to the publication of this paper.b. In addition, I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers who have helped to improve the paper. （5）感谢其他人a. I also owe an obligation to…b. Also I wish to thank…for their many courtesies.c. Thanks is also extended to…who…d. I wish to thank… for his…。