(完整)初中英语专题复习讲义名词和代词
中考英语:名词代词冠词数词介词形容词副词重点复习

名词:(一)名词的分类(二)可数名词的复述形式(三)名词的所有格1.名词的所有格表示名词间的所有关系“…的”。
有两种表示形式:一种是’s所有格,另一种是of所有格。
如:Beijing is China’s capital. =Beijing is the capital of China.2. 名词所有格的构成方法1)单数名词后加“’ s”:Tom ’ s book ;my friend’ s uncle2)不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’ s” :Children’ s Day ;men’ s shoes3)以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可:Teachers ’ Day ;two weeks ’ holiday4)用of加名词,构成所属关系的短语,主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系the color of the wall ;a picture of the classroom3. 名词所有格的几个注意点1)可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略:my aunt’s ( home);go to the teachers’ ( office)2)有些名词的所有格可用两种形式:the cat’s name / the name of the cat;China’s capital/ the capital of China 3)表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s”Lucy and Lily’s room 露西和莉莉的房间(两人共有一间房间)请区别:Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms露西的房间和莉莉的房间(两人各有一间房间)4)双重所有格有两种形式:①of+名词所有格;②of+名词性物主代词。
如:He is a friend of my brother’s. ;Is she a daughter of yours?(四)注意:1)名词做主语时,应注意名词的数,避免主谓不一致。
初中英语必掌握的知识点:名词、代词、冠词

watch→watches
box→boxes
3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词,把 y 变 i,再加-es。
学科网( 北京) 股份有 限公司
factory→factories
lady→ladies
4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,一般把 f 或 fe 改为 v,加-es。
wolf→wolves
knife→knives
时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词直接在词尾加-’s 或-’。
five minutes’ walk
(3)双重所有格
表示所属物的名词前有冠词(a/an),数词(one,two...),不定代词(some,all,any...),物主代词(my,
your...),指示代词(this,that...时,常用"of +’s 所有格"形式,即双重所有格来表示所属关系。
的高频考点。比如名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别,疑问代词含义区分,不定代词的正确选用,
都是考查的重点。对于不同类型代词的相关知识的学习,既要全面又要有重点。
中考考查重点:
一、人称代词;
二、物主代词;
三、反身代词;
四、指示代词;
五、不定代词;
六、相互代词;
七、疑问代词。
考向 1 人称代词
1. 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、 数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。
The cat is small. It(此处代指第三人称单数 The dog)is Mary’ s. 2. 分类:人称代词主格和人称代词宾格
人称
主格
单数 宾格
中考英语语法复习名词代词数词冠词和介词

第一讲名词一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词。
二、名词的分类(一)专有名词和普通名词名词根据其意义分为普通名词和专有名词1、专有名词是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。
如:Peter, Snow White, Sunday, April,Christmas Day, China, Changsha, the Great Wall, the WTO, West Street...2、凡不属于特定的人或事物的名称的词,叫普通名词。
如:desk, book , people, air, interest,idea...(二)可数名词和不可数名词名词根据是否能够用数字来计算,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词复数的变化规则a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches;c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families, city-cities ;d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:wife- wives, knife-knives,wolf -wolves, leaf-leaves ;e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况1)__________+es 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) ___________+s 如:photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, goose-geese单复数同形:fish-fish deer -deer sheep -sheep people(人们)-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese(中日不变英法变,其余后面加s)Englishman-____________________, Frenchman-_________________Russian=_____________________ American-__________________2、复合名词变复数boy student-boy students man doctor-men doctors3、不可数名词◆不可数名词没有复数形式,如:tea,,meat.◆不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰,若要表示数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。
代词知识点详解(14张PPT)初中英语专题复习课件

enjoy oneself 玩得开心 help oneself to 随便(吃、喝) lose oneself in... 沉浸在……之中
反身代词
➢ 例 Help
to some fish, Jim.
A. himself
B. herself
C. yourself
➢ 解析 句意:吉姆,随便吃些鱼吧。考查短语help oneself to sth."随便吃/
指代离自己较近的人或物 this, these
指代离自己较远的人或 物 比较结构中代替前面提 到的名词,以免重复
that, those
疑问 代词
指示 代词
不定 代词
代词
人称 代词
物主 代词
反身 代词
语法图解
someone/somebody/something, anyone/anybody/anything, nobody/nothing everyone/everybody/everything等
many/much, few/a few, little/a little, other/the other/another/others, some/any, either/neither/both/all等
复合 不定 代词
普通 不定 代词
疑问 代词
指示 代词
不定 代词
代词
人称 代词
物主 代词
反身 代词
人称代词与物主代词
区分 人称代词
用法
成分
指代人或物 作主语(主格),作宾语(宾格)
物主代词
表示所有关系
形容词性物主代词作定语 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词,具有名 词特性,可作主语、宾语、宾补
代词考点详解(15张PPT)初中英语专题复习课件

“任何数量;任何一些”,指代复数 里 有 吗 ? Please buy some milk. There
名词或不可数名词
isn’t any left in the fridge. 请买些牛奶。
冰箱里一点也没有了。
I have three dictionaries. You may use
② 用于肯定句中,表示“任一”
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由 some , any , every , no 与 one , body , thing 一 起 构 成 的 代 词 叫 复 合 不 定 代 词 , 如 something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
结构
另一个是老师。
其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范 围内的其他全部
In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。
另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可 You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t
第二人称
单数 复数 单数 复数
汉语 我的 我们的 你的 你们的
形容词性 my our your your
名词性 mine ours yours yours
他 he him
他的 his his
第三人称
单数
她
它
she
it
her
it
第三人称 单数 她的 它的 her its hers its
复数 他们 they them
三、反身代词
反身 代词
中考英语语法专题复习名词与代词讲义共21页文档

名词1、 名词的分类专有名词单数名词表泛指,在前面加a /an.可数名词:有单数和复数之分普通名词 复数形式通常加 -s/-es 不可数名词:没有复数形式 物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词用some/any/a little/a lot of 修饰 2、 可数名词复数的变化形式 1) 规则变化2) 不规则变化① 有些名词以-s 结尾,但表达单数意义。
科学名词:physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称:bowls 专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词:news, falls② 名词做定语,不用复数形式.e.g. a shoe shop, an apple tree*例外:man, woman 作定语时,如果后面的名词是复数,则man, woman 也要变。
e.g. a woman teacher → three women teachers a man doctor →many men doctors③ people, police 做“人们”讲时,看作复数,不能在后面加”-s ”, 谓语动词用复数形式。
family, class 是集体名词,既指单数,又指复数,谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数,具体根据语境而定。
④ 其前不用冠词a/an 或数词,但可用much, a little, a lot of/lots of,some, any 的等修饰。
Exercises:—Look at the clouds, so beautiful!—Wow, so many different _______, horses, sheep, flo wers…A. sizesB. shapesC. colorsD. stylesThere are some _______ in Dayton Art Museum. For examp le, no food or drink is allowed inside.A. jobsB. records C . rules D. paintings—Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phones a s a present, but I don’t know how to use it.—Why not read the _______ first before using i t?A. expressionsB. applicationsC. advertisementsD. instructionsThese _________ have saved many children’s lives.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor---What would you like to drink, _______or orange? ---Orange, please.A. hamburgerB. chipC. tea3、不可数名词的数1) 可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语:a lot of , lots of, some, a little,little2) 数词+ 量词 + of + 不可数名词e.g. a glass of water → two glasses of watera cup of tea → three cups of tea3) 常用的不可数名词food, meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef, mutton, orange, milk, tea, coke, water, rice, bread, homework, news, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, cloud, air, weather, maths, Chinese, English, music, information, fun, work 等.4) 有些不可数名词以复数形式出现时,意思有变化.5) 有些名词,既可以作可数名词,又能做不可数名词,但含义不同Exercises:—Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat ____ those days. Is it true?—Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.A. chickenB. chickensC. a chickenD. the chicken The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many ___ there.A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. rabbitI’m so hungry. Please give me ___ to eat.A. three breadB. three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breadsD. three piece of breadI want a sweet milk. Put some ______ in my cup, plea se.A. iceB. soupC. saltD. sugar—What a good ______ you’ve given me! Thanks a lot.—My pleasure.A. informationB. newsC. su ggestionD. advice4、名词的所有格分类构成方法例子表示有生命的名词所有格在单数后面加-’s The teacher’s officeLily’s photo 以加-s的复数名词后加“’”The teachers’ officeBoys’ games 不以-s 结尾的复数名词后加“-’s”The children’spalace.用and 连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有时,在后一个词尾加-’s;如果不是,则需要分别加在两个名词后面。
(完整版)初中英语词性的讲解

(完整版)初中英语词性的讲解英语词性一.名词:1.含义:表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。
2.分类:专有名词和普通名词3.普通名词分为可数名词的和不可数名词可数名词1)可数名词单数表达法:一般可用a/ an 来修饰,表示数量“一”;注意:在辅音发音开头的单词前用a; 在元音发音开头的单词前用 an ;2)可数名词有复数形式3)可数名词用many修饰表“许多”不可数名词1)不可数名词没有复数形式2)可数名词用much修饰表“许多”4.专有名词是表示人、地方、事物等特有的名词,它的第一个字母要大写。
如:人名:Tom,Peter,Mr Yang地名:Europe,New York,Wanzhou节日、月份、星期:Christmas,February,Saturday一般来讲,专有名词前面不用定冠词the。
但江河海洋,山脉群岛地理名称前要用定冠词;有两个以上的普通名词组成的专有名词前,一般要用定冠词。
the Yangtze River the Great Wall二. 代词:1.含义:用来代替名词或名词短语的词。
2.分类:按意义特征和语法功能可分为人称代词、物主代词等9类。
3.分类讲解:1) 人称代词用法口诀: 人称代词分两格,主格宾格来分说;主格定把主语作,宾格作宾不会错。
①主格在句中作主语时,一般放在谓语动词之前:We are good friends. He often plays basketball.②宾格作宾语。
放在及物动词或介词之后,有时在口语中,可以作表语;I don't know her. (动宾) Look at me.(介宾) Open the door, please! It's me. (作表语)③人称代词并列用法的排列顺序:A:单数人称代词做主语时,排列顺序:第二人称--第三人称--第一人称;如:You, he and I ;请翻译:我,你和她都是好朋友。
初中英语语法精讲讲义(完整版)

(内部资料) 2018.1目录第一讲名词第二讲冠词第三讲代词第四讲数词第五讲介词第六讲形容词和副词第七讲连词第八讲情态动词第九讲非谓语动词第十讲时态第十一讲被动语态第十二讲祈使句、倒装句、反意疑问句和感叹句第十三讲宾语从句第十四讲定语从句第十五讲状语从句第十六讲主谓一致第十七讲情景交际第十八讲词义辨析附录I 重点短语概述一、概述语法是研究词形变化和句子结构的科学,研究词形变化的部分成为词法(名词的数、格,动词的时态、语态),研究句子结构的部分称为句法(句子成分、语序,句子种类)。
二、英语词类词类英语作用在句中成分例词1名词n.表示人或物的名称主、宾、表、定、同位mother, son 2形容词adj.表示人或物的特征定、表、补、状big, small 3数词num.表示数目或顺序主、宾、nine, first 4代词pron.代替名词,数词主语宾语定语he, him, his 5动词v.表示动作或状态谓come, write 6副词adv.表示动作特征或性状特征状、表very, slowly 7冠词art.用在名词前说明其意义不做成分a, an, the8介词prep.用在名代前说明它与别的词之间的关系不做成分for, from, to 9连词conj.用来连接词与词或句与句不做成分and, but, if 10感叹词interj.表示说话时的感情或口气不做成分oh, ow三、句子成分句子中有两个最重要最基本的成分,主语和谓语。
除了主语和谓语,句子有时还有其他成分,宾语、定语、状语、表语等。
主语:一般位于句首,说明所要讲述的对象或主体,表示要说的“谁”或“什么”,一般由名词、代词或名词性的词类、短语或从句充当。
We often practise speaking English after class.Your father’s car is new.Watching English films is a good way to learn English.谓语:位于主语之后,说明主语的情况(动作或状态)---“做什么”“是什么”“怎么样”。
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专题复习(一)名词一、请写出下列可数名词复数形式1.bus2.box3.watch4.fishdy6.day7.leaf8.thief9.scarf 10. roof 11. hero 12.kangaroo13.cheetah 14.foot 15.mouse 16.Englishman17.German 18.woman driver 19.banana tree二、不可数名词的数a of paper a (滴) of watertwo (杯) of tea three (片) of chicken三、名词所有格1.Beijing is (中国的) capital. Beijing is the China.2.These are (汤姆和玛丽的) bags. 露西和莉莉mother is a nurse.3. (教师节) is on September 10th while (妇女节) is on March 8 th.4.双重所有格Is she (你的女儿)? 我哥哥的一个朋友 .5.无生命的所有格及特殊的“的”?the door the room , the solution the problem.a recipe a great turkey sandwich. a world record hiccupping.6.两周的时间骑车一小时的路程中国的人口德国的工业7.在诊所我要去王老师的家四、同义词辨析1. family, house与homeMy are very kind. He left for Beijing.They lived in a small .2. job与workThis will require a lot of hard . Selling newspapers is his part-time .3. problem 与questionMay I ask you some ? We’re got a with the car—it won’t start!4. voice, noise与soundI recognized her at once. Don’t make so much.All the foot of the hill, you could hear nothing but the of the running water.五、巩固练习:1. Could you please get me some ? I’m hungry.A. appleB. orangeC. breadD. egg2.-I have great in learning math and I’m so worried. Could you help me? -Sure. I’d be glad to.A. troubleB. interestC. joyD. fun3.-Mrs Blank, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?-With pleasure. Remember that the letter should be written in the formal .A. valueB. styleC. effectD. mood4.-Mrs.Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.-She said she would never forget some pleasant while working there.A. experimentsB. expressionsC. experiencesD. emotions5.-I’m going to the supermarket. Let me get you some fruit.-OK. Thanks for your .A. offerB. informationC. messageD. order6.-Why are you still waiting in line? -I’ve missed my.A. placeB. orderC. turnD. time7. The British celebrate , which is one of their traditional festivals. Kids are excited about thepresents hidden in the stockings(长筒袜).A. the Spring FestivalB. New Year’s DayC. Christmas8. His favorite is the Beatles and he’s got lots of CDs.A. filmB. singerC. bandD. concert9. I think the best to visit Hainan Island is in November because the weather is excellent then.A. placeB. timeC. wayD. plan10.-Shall we go shopping now? -Sorry. It’s not the right.I’m too tired.A. wayB. weatherC. placeD. moment11.-Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?-I’m afraid we have no but to take a taxi.A. choiceB. decisionC. reasonD. information12.-Bill is ill. Do you know what’s wrong with him?-Poor boy. His illness is the of eating unhealthy food.A. resultB. causeC. reasonD. end13.-Mom, could you pass me some ?It’s delicious. –OK, but only a little.A. butterB. applesC. tomatoesD. sandwiches14.-I don’t know how to operate the washing machine.-Here’s the.You can read it first.A. instructionB. directionC. advertisementD. information15.-I’m afraid I can’t get there before 9 o’clock. –That’s OK.There’s.A. no wayB. no wonderC. no doubtD. no hurry16. The farmer raised ten .A. sheepsB. deersC. horseD. cows17. They got much from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. informationD. stories18. The customers are pleased with the of the restaurant.A. balanceB. experienceC. surfaceD. service19. -Good news. We will have a holiday. –I’ve heard of it.But it’s coming in.A. three days; three day’s timeB. three day’s; three days’C. three-day; three daysD. three days; three-day time专题复习(二)代词一、人称代词和物主代词1.His mother is waiting for (他) outside.2. (我) am talking to you, Jack. Please listen to (我) carefully.3.Who teaches (你) English?4. (我的) idea is quite different from (她的).5.That English book belongs to (他).6.He is a friend of (我的).7.几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是:单数形式,and . 复数形式,and .二、反身代词1. The children made model planes .2. Help to some apples, boys and girls.3. Don’t hurt when you use the knife.4. They enjoyed at the party.5. I want to make understood.三、指示代词、疑问代词和it1. 电话用语.-Hello! Is Mary speaking? -Sorry, but she is out. This is Bob. Can I take a message?2. 介绍某人:Mom, are my friends.3. - (谁) has a pen? -I have .4. The weather in Beijing is colder than in Guangzhou in winter.5. -Why don’t we take a little break?-Didn’t we just have?A. itB. thatC. oneD. this6. Someone is knocking at the door, but who can be?7. I think silly you not to forgive others for their mistakes.A. is; forB. it’s; ofC. that’s; ofD. it’s; for8. is about 500 kilometers from here to Hainan.A. TheyB. ItC. ThatD. This9. It’s your turn(照顾孩子).10. time for them (回家).11. (据报道) that the weather will be sunny tomorrow.12. He seemed to be angry = seemed that he angry.13. Do you think necessary to invite others to have dinner?14. 就是你打碎我的眼镜的。