SCI写作必备语法专题五 主谓一致1.0

SCI写作必备语法专题五 主谓一致1.0
SCI写作必备语法专题五 主谓一致1.0

SCI写作必备语法专题五主谓一致

一、主谓一致的种类

1.语法一致

主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。如:The number of the students present is200.目前的学生数是200。

Jane and Mary look alike.简和玛丽看起来很像。

2.意义一致

(1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如:

The crowd were shouting.人们在喊叫。

单数形式代表复数内容的词有people,police,cattle(牛,牲畜)等。

(2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。如:

The news was so surprising.这则消息是那么得令人惊讶。

形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称,如physics,politics,economics等。

3.就近原则:即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如:

Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.

要么是你的学生,要么是王老师了解这件事。

二、主谓一致的应用

1.名词作主语

(1)某些集体名词,如family,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。

The whole family are watching TV.全家人都在看电视。

这类名词有audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team等。名词population一词的使用情况与之类似。“a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。(2)某些集体名词,如people,police,cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。如:The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜捕那个贼。

(3)单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如:

A sheep is over there.那边有只羊。

Some sheep are over there.那边有些羊。

(4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数。如:

The doctor’s is across the street.诊所在街道的对面。

My uncle’s is not far from here.我叔叔家离这儿不远。

常见的省略名词有the baker’s,the barber’s,the carpenter’s,the Zhang’s等。

表示店铺的名词,一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。如:Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.理查德店有很多货物要卖。

5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。如:

Three years has passed since then.自从那时到现在,三年已经过去了。

6)不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词

仍用单数形式。如:

Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.孩子们都想去看电影。

7)如果主语有more than one...或many a...构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:

More than one student has read the book.很多学生读过这本书。

但是,“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如:

More members than one are against your plan.许多成员反对你的计划。

8)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。如:glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses(指南针或者是罗盘),chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:

A pair of shoes was on the desk.桌子上有一双鞋。

9)this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语动词用单数;短语this kind of men=men of this kind(这一类人),但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数,men of this kind 谓语动词用复数,all kinds of后跟复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。

如:This kind of men is dangerous.这一种人很危险。

Men of this kind are dangerous.这种类型的人很危险。

10)复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数。这类名词有means(方法),works(工厂),species(种类),Chinese,Japanese等。如:

The(This)glass works was set up in1980.这家玻璃厂建于1980年。

The(These)glass works are near the railway station.这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。

当它们前面有a,such a,this,that修饰时,谓语用单数;有all,such,these,those修饰时,谓语用复数;但means,no means,the means等词前没有以上修饰词时,可用作单数,也可用作复数。

11)如果名词词组中心词是all,most,half,rest等词语,所指的复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;反之,用单数。如:

All of my classmates like music.我的同学都喜欢音乐。

All of the water is gone.所有的水都没了。

12)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:

Between the two windows hangs a picture.两窗户间挂着一幅画。

2.由连接词连接的名词作主语

1)用and或both...and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。如:

Plastics and rubber never rot.橡胶和塑料永不腐烂。

Walking and riding are good exercises.散步和骑车是很好的运动。

但是,并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如:

To love and to be loved is great happiness.爱与被爱是种幸福。

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是种好习惯。

A knife and fork is on the table.桌子上有副刀叉。

2)当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数据这些词前面的主语而定。如:

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.

老师和学生都在图书馆里看书。

3)以or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如:

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.汤姆和哥哥们在房间里等着。

3.代词作主语

1)名词性物主代词作主语时,既可以用作单数,也可以用作复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如:

Ours(Our Party)is a great party.我们的党是个伟大的党。

2)such,the same起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如:

Such is our plan.Such are his words.那就是我们的计划。那就是他的话。

3)关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:

Those who want to go please put up your hands.想去的请举手。

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.

人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。

4)疑问代词who,what,which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如:

Who lives next door?It is Xiao Liu.谁住在隔壁?是小刘。

What produce(s)heat?什么产生热量?

5)不定代词any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主语时,有以下两种情况:单独作主语时,视其在文中的意义,动词用单数或复数形式,例如:

Now all has been changed.现在一切都改变了。

All are present.所有人都到场了。

either,neither单独作主语时,谓语通常用单数。但后接of时,若of的宾语为不可数名词,动词当然用单数形式,若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,在正式文体中,单数形式的动词更常用。如:

Do(es)any of you know his address?你们当中有谁知道他的地址吗?

None of them has(have)seen the film.他们当中没人看过这部电影。

4.分数、量词作主语

1)“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,

a heap(堆)of,heaps of,half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语,

如:About three fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.

地球的四分之三被水覆盖。

Three fifths of the workers here are women.这个地方五分之三的工人是妇女。

和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”,但是“the number of+名词”的中心词却是number,试比较:

A number of students have gone home.许多学生都回家了。

The number of pages in this book is two hundred.这本书中的页码是二百。

注意:(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数,如:

Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.大量的食物在桌子上。

短语in quantity,in large quantities意为“大量”;in small quantities意为“少量”。

2)a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数,如:Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.大量的钱花在了这座桥上。

3)表示数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,如:

One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌子上有一个半香蕉。

4)half of,(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。

5.名词化的形容词作主语

如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数,这类词有the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dumb([d?m] adj.哑的),the oppressed(受压抑的),the injured,the wounded,the unemployed等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。如:The blind study in special schools.盲人在特殊的学校学习。

这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数名词连用,如:an old man,a rich person,the(a)wounded soldier。

6.从句作主语

1)由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,如:

What we need is more time.我们所需要的是更多的时间。

What we need are doctors.我们所需要的是医生。

2)在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如:

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.

这是讲过的最有趣的故事之一。

但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如:

She was the only one of the girls who was late.她是惟一一位迟到的女生。

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初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致 语法归纳总结 一. 词类 英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1. 名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 例:boy, morning, bag, home, class, orange. 2. 代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。 例:who, she, you, it . 3. 形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。 例:good, right, white . 4. 数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。 例:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5. 动词(v.):表示动作或状态。 例:am, is,are,have,see . 6. 副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 例:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7. 冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。 例:a, an, the. 8. 介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 例in, on, from, above, behind. 9. 连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。 例and, but, before . 10. 感叹词(interj..):表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

例:oh, well, hi, hello. 二. 句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1. 主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 例:I’m Miss Green.我是格林小姐。 2. 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 例:Jack cleans the room every day. 杰克每天打扫房间。 3. 表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担 任。 例:My name is Ping ping. 我的名字叫萍萍。 4. 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 例:He can spell the word. 他能拼这个词。 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语 一般放在直接宾语的前面。 例:He wrote me a letter. 他给我写了一封信。 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。 例:He wrote a letter to me. 他给我写了一封信。 5. 定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。 例:Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。 6. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 例:He works hard. 他工作努力。 7. 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

高考主谓一致语法填空

主谓一致语法填空 1. About 60 percent of the students _____ (be) from the south, the rest of them are from the north and foreign countries. 2. Half of the workers here _________ (be) under 30 years of age. 3. Now Tom with his classmates ________(play) football on the playground. 4. The number of pages in this dictionary ________ (be) about two thousand. 5. Thirty dollars _____(be) too expensive for Tom, a poor worker. 6. The audience _________(be) so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. 7. The secretary and principal _________(speak) at the meeting now. 8. "If anybody _____(want) to buy the book, please put down his name," said the teacher to the monitor. 9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____(be) in the room when I came in. 10. Between the two roads _____(stand) a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower". 11. Either of you _____(be) going there tonight. 12. You as well I _____(be) right. 13. All but Dick _____(be) in Class Three this term. 14. -Shall I wait here for three hours? -Yes. Three hours _____(be) not long enough for you to wait for such a doctor. 15. Where to get the materials and how to get them _____(have) not been discussed at the meeting. 16. Every student and every teacher _____(have) attended the meeting. 17. Three fourths of the bread _____(eat) by Bob, and the rest of the bread was left on the table. 18. This pair of shoes _____(be) hers. 19.There ______(be) said to be no life on the moon. 20.A group of sheep _____(be) eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill 21.My family raise a lot of _______(cattle), including two______(cow). 22.What he says and what he does______(do) not agree. 23.The boy and the girl each ______(have) their own toys. 24.She is the only one among the ______(woman) writers who ______(write) stories for children. 25.The railway station is two ______(hour) drive from our school. 26.Mike and John`s father ______(be) is a teacher. 27.A great deal of talking and listening that ______(occur) under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless. 28.Either the offices or the classroom _________(need) to be cleaned. 29.Three-fourths of the homework ______(have) been finished today. 30.More than 60 percent of the world`s radio programmes ______(be) in England. 31. A great deal of work ______(have) been done to improve the people`s living standard 32.The rest of the magazines ______(sell) out within half an hour. 33.There ______(be) a lot of sugar in the jar. 34. “All ______(be) present and all ______(be) going on well”, our monitor said.

初中英语语法八大时态总结

初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如:All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他

高中英语语法知识点 主谓一致

考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来,高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查,多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题,在完形填空中也会有所涉及,总体难度系数较低,纵观近年的高考真题,主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则:语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致; 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配; 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致; 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时, 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
1

Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面, 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词, 尽管后面跟有 with,together with,except,but,like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides,including 等引起的短语, playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数, 谓语用复数形式。 She,like you and Tom,is very tall. Mr. Green , together with his wife and children,has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either,neither,each,every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some,any,no,every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中,关系代词 that,who, hard. which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体, 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注:people,police,cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, There are a lot of people in the classroom.
2

英语语法主谓一致

英语语法主谓一致 指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题,可依据三项原则:语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。根据这些原则,总结如下: 一.谓语动词用单数 (1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数动词。 例如:To work hard is necessary.努力工作是必要的。 Reading without comprehension is no good.只读不理解是不好的。 It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。 (2)事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品的名称(专有名词)用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:The United States was formed in 1776.美国于1776年成立。 The New York Times still has a wide circulation.纽约时报发行量仍然很大。 Roots is a novel about a black family.《根》是一部关于(美国)黑人家庭的小说。 (3)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时,谓语用单数。 例如:Two weeks was too long.两周太长了。 Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是个小数目。 Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。 One and a half bananas is left on the table.一只半香蕉留在桌子上。 4)表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 例如:Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.语言学是人类语言中的一个分枝。(5)有些名词形式是复数,意义为单数,作主语时,要求单数动词。 例如:The chaos was stopped by the police.混乱被警察阻止了。 The news is a great encouragement to us.这新闻对我们来说是一个很大的鼓舞。 Her present whereabouts is still unknown.她目前的行踪仍然不明。 (6)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟as well as (以及),no less than (不少于……,多达),rather than(而不是),more than(不止是,超过),but(除了),except(除……外),besides( 加之,还有),with(和……一起,和……一块儿),along with(跟……一起),accompanied by ( 由……陪同),combined with(加上),in addition to(除……以外),including(包括),together with(与……一起)等,谓语动词仍用单数形式。 (7)某些不定代词,如:either,neither,each,one,other,another,anybody,anyone, anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 等,当他们作主语时,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例如:Each of the boys has an apple.每个孩子都有苹果。 Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用电话。 Everything around us is matter.我们周围一切都是物质。 但是口语中当either或neither后+of+复数名词(或代词)作定语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。例如:Is (Are)either of the boys ready?两个男孩都准备好了吗? Neither of the novels is (are)interesting.哪一本小说都没意思。 (8)集合名词作主语表示整体概念时,动词用单数谓语形式。 例如:The government is made up of senior members of the four main right wing parties. 这届政府由四个主要右翼党的高级官员组成。 His family is not very large.他的家庭并不太大。 The staff of our school is opposed to the drastic changes in the system of education.

英语语法基本基础知识——时态

英语的时态问题 英语的时态可以分为:“时”(time) 和“体”(aspect)(又称为态)。时是指动作发生的时间,体是指动作发生时的状态。时间与体就象是坐标里的横轴和纵轴,它们的结合交织出了瞬息万变的时空,也构成了英语动词的时态问题。 时间分为:过去,现在,将来,过去将来 体分为:一般(在某个时间点), 进行(延续某个时间段), 完成(完成某个时间段) 完成进行(延续某个完成的时间段) 如此以来,英语中就有16种时态变化,现在就用动词为write例,看看它们的形式。 注意:里面的斜体字部分,由于时态过于复杂,几乎没有人真正去应用它们,可以忽略不记。 下面就常用的12种时态,(其中还有三种相对用的较少的,请注意)。具体分析一下。 一.一般现在时 表示现在的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态,常用于以下的情况 1、经常重复发生的动作或存在的状态,多与often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, 等时 间状语连用。 He takes a walk after supper everyday My mother and father work at the same company. 2、表示性格,特征,能力。 Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 3、表示客观真理或者普遍事实。

The sun rises in the east. 二.一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或者状态,常和表示过去某个时间“点”的时间状语(yesterday, last week, 3 years ago, in 1987)连用 She bought a car last week. He came to help me at that time. 三.一般将来时 表示将来的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态。 The train will arrive soon. We shall know the news tomorrow. 四.过去将来时 过去某个时间“点”上将要发生的动作或状态。 I asked her where she would spend her holiday. I told my father that I should go home next Monday. 五.现在进行时 表示现在的时间“段”上正在延续进行的动作或者状态。 I’m doing some washing. What are you doing? 六.过去进行时 在过去某一个时间“段”正在延续进行的动作。 I was working in my office at eight o’clock yesterday evening. He was making a phone call when I saw him. 七.将来进行时 在将来某个时间“段”正在发生的动作,一般表示一种猜测和未来的计划,一般不太常用。What will you be doing at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon? (明天下午三点你将在做什么哪) 八.现在完成时 表示动作在一个时间“段”的完成,而且这个时间段是从过去某一点延续到现在的。经常跟时间状语since 1987,for 10 hours , by the last year相连。 My brother has been ill for 3 days. I have not seen her since 1991. 九.过去完成时 在过去的某个时间“段”里动作的完成,从过去的一点再到过去的另一点。或者称为过去的过去。 He said that he had written her a letter. Helen rang me up after I had gone to sleep.

英语语法主谓一致整理

主谓一致 主谓一致(Subject-Verb Concord)即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致,语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致,意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致,就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 表里不一 主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象 1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如: More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花. 2,"many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树. 3,"half of ,the rest of ,most of ,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如: Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖. 4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如: "All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利 5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如: What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书. 6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each ,every ,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如: No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔. 7,当主语后面有as well as ,with ,along with ,together with ,but ,like ,rather than ,except,逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如: My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过. 8,each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车. 9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如: Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯. 10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:The following are good examples下面是一些好例子. 11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics ,physics ,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news ,works ,plastics等同属此类.例如:

英语语法主谓一致

主谓一致 1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 (1)语法一致原则:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。 I often help him and he often helps me. (2)意义一致原则:主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。 The police are searching the woods for the murderer. (3)就近一直原则:当主语有两个或两个以上时,谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 并列主语的谓语一致 1.And (1)两个单数名词用and连接,表示不同概念时,谓语用发复数。 Tom and Jack are close friends. (2)两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个概念,或表示不可分割的整体时,谓语用单数。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. (3)被every,each,many a,no等限定的单数名词由and连接时,谓语仍用单数,其中,后一个限定词可以省略。 every ……and ……every,each……and……each,no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. (4)一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事,这种名词作主语,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。 Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying. (5)由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数 What he says and does do not agree.(言行不一致) What he says and does does not concern me. 2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。 Either Tom or I is going there. 3、“with/along with/together with/as well as/as much as/expect/besides/including/rather than/but/等+名词”结构时,谓语单复数不受这些词影响。 You father as well as you is very kind to me, 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.集合名词 (1)表示整体概念,强调一致性,谓语动词用单数形式;强调每一个成员,谓语动词用复数。 如:family,company, committee, government, nation,

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