第三套试题
中国传统文化的概论第三套习题
第三套习题试题一、填空类1.文化是人类＿＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿＿的总和。
2.一种将民族成员、民族历史结合起来，不使分散和中断的能力，叫做传统的＿＿＿＿。
3.＿＿＿＿＿＿是人类有意识地利用自然创造出来的景观。
4.中国拥有辽阔国土的原因主要有＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，等等。
5.华夏文化圈是以＿＿＿＿＿＿为精神支柱，以＿＿＿为图腾；鸟夷文化圈则是以＿＿＿＿＿＿为精神支柱，以＿＿＿为图腾。
6.中国文化的开放性，在汉以前主要表现在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿上，汉以后，则表现在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿上。
7.＿＿＿＿＿＿是宗族对中国古代政治的影响。
8.古近代世界的政体主要有三种形式, 即＿＿＿＿政体、＿＿＿＿政体和＿＿＿＿政体。
9.中国古代政治体制从秦代开始，进入＿＿＿＿＿＿时期。
10.中国第一部哲学著作是＿＿＿＿。
11.无论是中国还是古希腊，在哲学的兴起期，已经开始接触到自然、人、和思维的形式问题，初步形成＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿三大哲学领域。
12.中国著名的人性论有孟子的________，荀子的＿＿＿＿和董仲舒的＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
13.社会论是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
（哲）14.依照中国传统观念，相对的双方中，有一方起＿＿＿＿作用，其与另一方只是＿＿＿＿关系，而不是起＿＿＿＿对方的作用。
15.春秋战国诸子百家中，儒家和＿＿＿＿在当时最著名，被时人称为“＿＿＿＿”16.中国古代较为全面概括系统思想的观念是“＿＿＿＿”17.人为宗教有“三宝”，即＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿＿。
18. ＿＿＿＿＿＿是指专门展开史学批评和史学理论研究的一种史书体裁。
19学案体史籍是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
20. 中国传统艺术中的“意”表现为＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
21. ＿＿＿＿＿＿指的是表现为整体（系统）模式的文化特征。
2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第3套)
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “ With the application of information technology in education, college students can now learn in more diverse and e f icient ways.” You can make statements, give reasons, or cite examples to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 wordsPart Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)特殊说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word f or each blank f rom a list of choices given in a word bank f ollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.American colleges and universities are using 64 percent less coal than they did a decade ago, burning 700,000 tons last year, down from 2 million tons in 2008, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said in a report 26 yesterday.All 57 schools that were burning coal in 2008 are using less now, and 20 have 27 coal completely, EIA found.Most universities have turned to natural gas as a 28 , with state funding backing the fuel switch.While academic institutions use less than 0. 1 percent of U.S. coal burned for power, campus coal use has a history dating back to the 1800s when 29 to power was scarce.Many universities still operate their own power plants. The Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 encouraged more electricity generation by allowing institutions to sell 30 power to utilities.But EIA noted many coal-fired universities have signed onto the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment, which was launched in 2007.About 665 schools are part of the program, which aims to 31 greenhouse gas emissions. Thirty percent of the participants have pledged to be carbon 32 within 20years.The Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal campaign, which also leads campaigns for universities to withdraw their 33 in coal and other fossil fuels, lists 22 schools that have pledged to move “beyond coal,” includi ngClemson University, Indiana University, Ohio University, Penn State University, the University of Louisville and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.The largest coal use 34 at colleges were in Michigan, Missouri, Tennessee and Indiana. Indiana’s universities alone cut coal 35 by 81 percent between 2008 and 2015.During the same period, Michigan made an 80 percent cut and Tennessee cut back by 94 percent at state institutions.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Classical music aims to evolve, build audiences without alienating old guardA) In 1913, classical music sparked a riot in Paris. Igor Stravinsky was introducing hisrevolutionary “Rite of Spring” ballet to the world, with its discordant melodies and unorthodox choreography (编舞), and the purists in the crowd expressed their disapproval loud and clear. It might have been classical music’s version of the time Bob Dylan went electric at the Newport Folk Festival. “The noise, fighting, and shouting in the audience got so loud,” NPR’s music reporter Miles Hoffff man said of the Stravinsky debut, “that the choreographer had to shout out the numbers to the dancers so that they knew what they were supposed to do.”B) It’s difficult to imagine a similar disturbance occurring today within America’s sacredsymphony halls. In fact, it’s hard to picture any kind of disruptive activity at all (unless someone’s cell phone happens to go off and then you’d better watch your back). A mannerly aura (氛围) hangs over most classical proceedings, and many of the genre’s biggest supporters would have it no other way.C) Today, Western audiences for classical music and opera and ballet are almost always welldressed, older, respectful, achingly silent and often very wealthy (one has to be able to afford most tickets). But as many of America’s most storied “highbrow” ( 高雅的)institutions struggle financially—the Philadelphia Orchestra’s much-publicized rebound from bankruptcy is just one recent example—classical music fans and theorists are wondering how the medium can weave itself into the 21st century’s cultural fabric without sacrificing its integrity.D) For example, should we feel OK “clapping” during classical music events, even if nobodyelse is? Why shouldn’t we cheer for something great, like we do at a rock concert? The Hu f ington Post recently ran a Great Debate on this issue and many commenters came out on the side of silence. “There is no more rewarding experience in life than being part of an audience where everybody is leaning forward in silence, thoroughly carried away by a great performance of a masterpiece,”one commenter wrote. “Why is it so difficult for folks to develop an appreciation and understanding for the mannerisms and traditions of classical music?” asked another.E) The truth is that classical music audiences weren’t always so polite. Robert Greenberg, anaward-winning composer, said that when Beethoven first performed his 7th Symphony, audiences forced the orchestra to perform encores ( 重演) of certain movements immediately, applauding wildly. And in the last few decades, he said, many audiences at opera performances have abandoned pretenses, yelling “Bravo” when they feel lik e it.F) “I don’t think there’s anything wrong with an audience showing their enthusiasm for aproper moment by applauding, showing their joy,” Greenberg said, noting that the stuffiness in concert halls is “one aspect of contemporary concert etiquette”he doesn’t understand. “Instead of waiting half an hour to show enthusiasm, why not show it every eight or nine minutes?”G) Until the rules about behavior and clothing change, it’s hard to imagine multitudes ofyoung people filling concert halls on their own accord. They’re probably more likely to head to Central Park to watch a free performance with a bottle of wine and their friends.“I think anyone should be able to come into a performance dressed any way they like, and be comfortable any way they like, sitting in that seat ready to enjoy themselves,”Greenberg said. “Because it’s enjoyable.”H) Greenberg stressed that he doesn’t want people to start respecting the music less, and he’snot suggesting that we “dumb down” the experience. Rather, it’s about opening up “access.” When operas first instituted subtitles (字幕) during shows, he said, many purists didn’t like the idea, believing that the audience should instead study the works before attending. But now it’s commonplace to find titles on the seatback in front of you—choose a language, sit back, and understand what’s going on.I) Allison Vulgamore, president of the Philadelphia Orchestra, is certainly looking to thefuture. She says certain “classics concerts” dedicated to the old masters will always exist, but not every program has to feature Beethoven and Brahms—or even a stage and seats.“We’re trying to introduce different kinds of concerts in different ways,”she said. “We are an interactive society now, where people like to learn.”J) As the Philadelphia Orchestra rebounds from its financial straits, it is also aiming to experiment, without alienating the loyalists. Vulgamore pointed to Cirque de la Symphonie, a recent offering in which jugglers (玩杂耍的人) and acrobats (杂技演员) interacted with musicians. An upcoming collaboration with New York City’s RidgeTheatre, meanwhile, will feature a “suspended dance installation”and other theatrical elements occurring in conjunction with an orchestral piece.K) The orchestra also continues to offer $25 annual memberships to Philadelphia students, who can buy rush tickets to every concert on the schedule. “Students line up for the concerts they want, and we get roughly 300 or 350 kids a night coming to these. They take any of the open seats available, 5 minutes before the concert starts,” Vulgamore said. “It’s like the running of the bulls, that energy when the doors open.”L) Greenberg thinks that youthful energy needs to be harvested. Conductors don’t have to be arrogant and untouchable—they can be accessible. Perhaps there could even be a “bit of humor”about them, he suggested, and an abandoning of pretension within the high-art institutions themselves. “On one hand, these organizations are all saying the same thing: we want more general audiences, to break down cultural barriers,” he said. “But then they come up with some very snooty (目中无人的) thing that makes you crazy.”M) John Terauds, a critic who has covered Toronto’s classical music scene extensively, also wants to do away with the stuffiness. He suggested that the warmer an audience is, the better the musicians themselves will respond. “But the producer or organizer has to let everyone know it’s OK,” he said. “It’s OK to enjoy y ourself.” At the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, for example, conductor Peter Oundjian often stops between pieces, taking a moment to talk about the composer or the music in a very amiable way. And some nights, Terauds said, “at least a third”of the audience consists of students who have purchased cheaper tickets. On these nights, the energy of the room drastically shifts. It becomes a less intimidating place.N) Back in February, Terauds wrote on his blog about how going to classical performances can be intimidating. Certain people “think they have to dress up,” he wrote. “They think they have to know something about the music before they go. And, I’m sure, sitting in a seat, trembling in fear that this might be the wrong time to applaud, is also one of the factors.”O) Everyone in the classical world agrees on the need for increased “accessibility,”but achieving it is often easier said than done. Nowadays, there are unknown, unorthodox opera singers wowing (博得……的喝彩) viewers on TV programs like “America’s Got Talent”and “The Voice”. What can higher institutions do with any of that? And if they appeal to these outlets, do they risk compromising the integrity or the intelligence of the music?P) Vulgamore seems to understand this. She thinks an organization can have it both ways, claiming the new while keeping the old. And as she reorganizes the Philadelphia Orchestra, she will attempt to do just that. “The world’s most respected musicians brought together as an orchestra will always exist,” she said. “Bu t it’s essential that we be willing to experiment and fail.”36. It was not a rare occurrence that audiences behaved wildly while listening to classical music.37. Some high-art institutions don’t actually mean it when they say they want more general audiences.38. The theatre was in chaos when an unconventional ballet was first put on stage in the capital of France.39. According to one critic, the audience’s warm response would encourage the musicians to do a better job.40. Many commenters argued for the audience enjoying classical music quietly.41. What appears on the seatback screen makes it unnecessary for the audience to study the works beforehand.42. It is generally accepted that there should be no disturbance from the audience during classical music performance.43. Higher institutions will be concerned about compromising the integrity of classical music if they have to resort to the television medium.44. Heavily discounted rush tickets help attract many young students to attend classical concerts.45. The formalities of high-art theatres can intimidate some people attending a performance.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.How can one person enjoy good health, while another person looks old before her time? Humans have been asking this question for thousands of years, and recently, it’s becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the differences between people’s rates of aging lie in the complex interactions among genes, social relationships, environments and lifestyles. Even though you were born with a particular set of genes, the way you live can influence how they express themselves. Some lifestyle factors may even turn genes on or shut them off.Deep within the genetic heart of all our cells are telomeres, or repeating segments of noncoding DNA that live at the ends of the chromosomes ( 染色体). They form caps at the ends of the chromosomes and keep the genetic material together. Shortening with each cell division, they help determine how fast a cell ages. When they become too short, the cell stops dividing altogether. This isn’t the only reason a cell can age—there are other stresses on cells we don’t yet understand very well—but short telomeres are one of the major reasons human cells grow old. We’ve devoted most of our careers to studying telomeres, and one extraordinary discovery from our labs is that telomeres can actually lengthen.Scientists have learned that several thought patterns appear to be unhealthy for telomeres, and one of them is cynical hostility. Cynical hostility is defined by high anger and frequent thoughts that other people cannot be trusted. Someone with hostility doesn’t just think, “I hate to stand in long lines” ; they think, “Others deliberately sped up and beat me to my rightful position in the line!”—and then get violently agitated. People who score high on measures of cynical hostility tend to get more heart disease, metabolic disease and often die at younger ages. They also have shorter telomeres. In a study of British civil servants, men who scoredhigh on measures of cynical hostility had shorter telomeres than men whose hostility scores were low. The most hostile men were 30% more likely to have short telomeres.What this means: aging is a dynamic process that could possibly be accelerated or slowed—and, in some aspects, even reversed. To an extent, it has surprised us and the rest of the scientific community that telomeres do not simply carry out the commands issued by your genetic code. Your telomeres are listening to you. The foods you eat, your response to challenges, the amount of exercise you get, and many other factors appear to influence your telomeres and can prevent premature aging at the cellular level. One of the keys to enjoying good health is simply doing your part to foster healthy cell renewal.46. What have scientists come to know better today?A) Why people age at different rates.B) How genes influence the aging process.C) How various genes express themselves in aging.D) Why people have long been concerned about aging.47. Why are some lifestyle factors considered extremely important?A) They may shorten the process of cell division.B) They may determine how genes function.C) They may affect the lifespan of telomeres.D) They may account for the stresses on cells.48. What have the author and his colleagues discovered about telomeres?A) Their number affects the growth of cells.B) Their length determines the quality of life.C) Their shortening process can be reversed.D) Their health impacts the division of cells.49. What have scientists learned about cynical hostility?A) It may lead to confrontational thought patterns.B) It may produce an adverse effect on telomeres.C) It may cause people to lose their temper frequently.D) It may stir up agitation among those in long lines.50. What do we learn from the last paragraph about the process of aging?A) It may vary from individual to individual.B) It challenges scientists to explore further.C) It depends on one’s genetic code.D) It may be controlled to a degree.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Scientists have created by accident an enzyme ( 酶) that breaks down plastic drinks bottles. The breakthrough could help solve the global plastic pollution crisis by enabling for the first time the full recycling of bottles.。
第3套试题听力原文
第3套试题听力原文第三套试题听力原文Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.l. M: My back has been aching ever since I started playing tennis on the weekends.W: Haven’t you had that checked out yet?Q: What does the woman imply?A) Tennis players often injure their backs.B) She hadn’t heard about the man’s problem.C) The man should have seen the doctor.D) She’ll check the man’s schedule as soon as possible.[答案] C).听前预测根据选项关键词injure, doctor等推测问题与受伤及看医生有关。
2024年6月第3套英语六级真题
大学英语六级考试2024年6月真题(第三套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence“Nowadays cultivating independent learning ability is be coming increasingly crucial for personal development.”You can make comments,cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.You should copy the sentence given in quotes at thebeginning of your essay.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第一套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use anyof the words in the bank more than onceA rainbow is a multi-colored,arc-shaped phenomenon that can appear in the sky.The colors of a rainbow are produced by the reflection and 26 _of light through water droplets( 小滴)present in the atmosphere.An observer may 27 _a rainbow to be located either near or far away,but this phenomenon is not actually located at any specific spot.Instead,the appearance of a rainbow depends entirely upon the position of the observer in 28 to the direction of light.In essence,a rainbow is an 29 illusion.Rainbows present a 30 made up of seven colors in a specific order.In fact,school children in many English-speaking countries are taught to remember the name“Roy G.Biv”as an aid for remembering the colors of a rainbow and their order.“Roy G.Biv” 31 f or:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,and violet.The outer edge of the rainbow arc is red,while the inner edge is violet.A rainbow is formed when light (generally sunlight)passes through water droplets 32 in the atmosphere. The light waves change direction as they pass through the water droplets,resulting in two processes:reflction and refraction ( 折射 ) .When light reflects off a water droplet,it simply 33_back in the opposite direction from where it 34 .When light refracts,it takes a different direction.Some individuals refer to refracted light as “bent light waves.”A rainbow is formed because white light enters the water droplet,where it bends in several different directions.When these bent light waves reach the other side of thewater droplet,they reflect back out of thedroplet instead of 35 passing through the water.Since the white light is separated inside of the water,the refracted light appears as separate colors to the human eye.Section BDirections: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteronAnswer Sheet 2.Blame your worthless workdays on meeting recovery syndromeA)Phyllis Hartman knows what it's like to make one's way through the depths of office meeting hell.Managersat one of her former human resources jobs arranged so many meetings that attendees would fall asleep at the table or intentionally arrive late.With hours of her day blocked up with unnecessary meetings,she was often forced to make up herwork during overtime.“I was actually working more hoursthan I probably would have needed to get the work done,”says Hartman,who is founder and president of PGHR Consulting in Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaB)She isn't alone in her frustration.Between 11 million and 55 million meetings are held each day in the UnitedStates,costing most organisations between 7%and 15%of their personnel budgets.Every week,employees spend about six hours in meetings,while the average manager meets for a staggering 23 hours.C)And though experts agree that traditional meetings are essential for making certain decisions and developingstrategy,some employees view them as one of the most unnecessary parts of the workday.The result is not only hundreds of billions of wasted dollars,but an annoyance of what organisational psychologists call “meeting recovery syndrome (MRS)”:time spent cooling off and regaining focus after a useless meeting.If you run to the office kitchen to get some relief with colleagues after a frustrating meeting,you're likely experiencing meeting recovery syndrome.D)Meeting recovery syndrome is a concept that should be familiar to almost anyone who has held a formaljob.It isn't ground-breaking to say workers feel fatigued after a meeting,but only in recent decades have scientists deemed the condition worthy of further investigation.With its links to organisational efficiency and employee wellbeing,MRS has atracted the attention of psychologists aware of the need to understand its precise causes and curesE)Today,in so far as researchers can hypothesise,MRS is most easily understood as a slow renewal of finitemental and physical resources.When an employee sits through an ineffective meeting their brain power is essentially being drained away.Meetings drain vitality if they last too long,fail to engage employees or turn into one-sided lectures.The conservation of resources theory,originally proposed in 1989 by Dr Stevan Hobfoll,states that psychological stress occurs when a person's resources are threatened or lost.When resources are low,a person will shift into defence to conserve their remaining supply.In the case of office meetings,where some of employees'most valuable resources are their focus,alertness and motivation,this can mean an abrupt halt in productivity as they take time to recover.F)As humans,when we transition from one task to another on the job—say from sitting in a meeting todoing normal work—it takes an effortful cognitive switch.We must detach ourselves from the previous task and expend significant mental energy to move on.If we are already drained to dangerous levels, then making the mental switch to the next thing is extra tough.It's common to see people cyber-loafing after a frustrating meeting,going and getting coffee,interrupting a colleague and telling them about the meeting,and so on.G)Each person's ability to recover from horrible meetings is different.Some can bounce back quickly,whileothers carry their fatigue until the end of the workday.Yet while no formal MRS studies are currently underway,one can loosely speculate on the length of an average employee's lag time.Switching tasks in a non-MRS condition takes about 10 to 15 minutes.With MRS,it may take as long as 45 minutes on average It's even worse when a worker has several meetings that are separated by 30 minutes.“Not enough time to transition in a non-MRS situation to get anything done,and in an MRS situation,not quite enough time torecover for the next meeting,”says researcher Joseph Allen.“Then,add the compounding of back-to-back bad meetings and we may have an epidemic on our hands.”H)In an effort to combat the side effects of MRS,Allen,along with researcher Joseph Mroz and colleagues at theUniversity of Nebraska-Omaha,published a study detailing the best ways to avoid common traps,including a concise checklist of do's and don'ts applicable to any workplace.Drawing from around 200 papers to compile their comprehensive list,Mroz and his team may now hold a remedy to the largely undefined problem of MRS.I)Mroz says a good place to startis asking ourselves ifour meetings are even necessary in the first place.If allthat's on the agenda is a quick catch-up,or some non-urgent information sharing,it may better suit the group to send around an email instead.“The second thing I would always recommend is keep the meeting as small as possible,”says Mroz.“If they don't actually have some kind ofimmediate input,then they can follow up later.They don't need to be sitting in this hour-long meeting.”Less time in meetingswould ultimately lead to more employee engagement in the meetings theydo attend,which experts agree is a proven remedy for MRS.J)Employees also feel taxed when they are invited together to meetings that don't inspire participation,says Cliff Scott,professor of organisational science.It takes precious time for them to vent their emotions, complain and try to regain focus after a pointless meeting—one of the main traps of MRS.Over time as employees find themselves tied up in more and moreunnecessary meetings—and thus dealing with increasing lag times from MRS—the waste of workday hours can feel insulting.K)Despite the relative scarcity of research behind the subject,Hartman has taught herself many of the same tricks suggested in Mroz's study,and has come a long way since her days ofbeing stuck with unnecessary meetings.The people she invites to meetings today include not just the essential employees,but also representatives from every department that might have a stake in the issue at hand.Managers like her,who seek input even from non-experts to shape their decisions,can find greater support and cooperation from their workforce,she says.L)If an organisation were to apply all 22 suggestions from Mroz and Allen's findings,the most noticeable difference would be a stark decrease in the total number of meetings on the schedule,Mroz says.Less time in meetings would ultimately lead to increased productivity,which is the ultimate objective of convening a meeting.While none of the counter-MRS ideas have been tested empirically yet,Allen says one trick with promise is for employees to identify things that quickly change their mood from negative to positive.As simple as it sounds,finding a personal happy place,going there and then coming straight back to work might be key to facilitating recovery.M)Leaders should see also themselves as “stewards of everyone else's valuable time”,adds Steven Rogelberg, author of The Surprising Science of M eetings.Having the skills to foresee potential trapsand treat employees' endurance with care allows leaders to provide effective short-term deterrents to MRS.N)Most important,however,is for organisations to awaken to the concept of meetings being flexible,says Allen.By reshaping the way they prioritise employees'time,companies can eliminate the very sources of MRS in their tracks36.Although employees are said to be fatigued by meetings,the condition has not been considered worthy offurther research until recently.37.Mroz and his team compiled a list of what to do and what not to do to remedy the problem of MRSpanies can get rid of the root cause ofMRS if they give priority to workers'time.39.If workers are exhausted to a dangerous degree,it is extremely hard for them totransition to the next task.40.Employees in America spend a lot of time attending meetings while the number of hours managers meet isseveral times more.41.Phyllis Hartman has learned by herselfmany of the ways Mroz suggested in his study and made remarkablesuccess in freeing herself from unnecessary meetings.42.When meetings continue too long or don't engage employees,they deplete vitality.43.When the time of meetings is reduced,employees will be more engaged in the meetings they do participate in.44.Some employees considermeetings one of the most dispensable parts of the workday.45.According to Mroz,if all his suggestions were applied,a very obvious change would be a steep decrease inthe number of meetings scheduled.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the followingpassageSarcasm andjazzhave something surprisingly in common:You know them when you hear them.Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice,which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words.For example, when someone says,“Well,tha t's exactly what I need right now,”their tone can tell you it's not what they need at all.Most frequently,sarcasm highlights an irritation or is,quite simply,meanIf you want to be happier and improve your relationships,cut out sarcasm.Why?Because sarcasm is actually hostility disguised as humor.Despite smiling outwardly,many people who receive sarcastic comments feel put down and often think the sarcastic person is rude,or contemptible.Indeed,it's not surprising that the origin of the word sarcasm derives from the Greek word“sarkazein”which literally means “to tear or strip the flesh off.”Hence,it's no wonder that sarcasm is often preceded by the word“cutting”and that it hurts.What's more,since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings,when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity.After all,when you come right down to it,sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying—and most bullies are angry,insecure,or cowardly.Alternatively,when a person stops voicing negative comments,especially sarcastic ones,they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident.Also,other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm.Now,I'm not saying all sarcasm is bad.Itmay just be betterused sparingly—like a potent spice in cooking. Too much of the spice,and the dish will be overwhelmed by it.Similarly,an occasional dash of sarcastic wit can spice up a chat and add an element ofhumor to it.But a big or steady serving of sarcasm will overwhelm the emotional flavor of any conversation and can taste very bitter to its recipient.So,tone down the sarcasm and work on clever wit instead,which is usually without any hostility and thus more appreciated by those you're communicating with.In essence,sarcasm is easy while true,harmless wit takes talent.Thus,the main difference between wit and sarcasm is that,as already stated,sarcasm is often hostility disguised as humor.It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting.Witty statements are usually in response to someone's unhelpful remarks or behaviors,and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its absurdities.Sarcastic statements are expressed in a cutting manner;witty remarks are delivered with undisguised and harmless humor.46.Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common?A)Both are recognized when heard. C)Both mean the opposite of what they appear to.B)Both have exactly the same tone. D)Both have hidden in them an evident irritation47.How do many p eople feel when they hear sarcastic comments?A)They feel hostile towards the sarcastic person. C)They feel a strong urge to retaliate.B)They feel belittled and disrespected. D)They feel incapable of disguising their irritation.48.What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically?A)They feel their dignity greatly heightened.B)They feel increasingly insecure and hostile.C)They endure hostility under the disguise of humorD)They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions49.What does the author say about people quitting sarcastic comments?A)It makes others happier and more self-confidentB)It restrains them from being irritating and bullying.C)It benefits not only themselves but also those around them.D)It shields them from negative comments and outright hostility.50.What is the chief difference between a speaker's wit and sarcasm?A)Their clarity. C)Their emphasis.B)Their appreciation D)Their intention.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Variability is crucially important for learning new skills.Consider learning how to serve in tennis.Should you always practise serving from the exactly same location on the court,aiming at the same spot?Although practising in more variable conditions will be slower at first,it will likely make you a better tennis player in the end.This is because variability leads to better generalisation of what is learned.This principle is found in many domains,including speech perception and learning categories.For instance, infants will struggle to learn the category“dog”if they are only exposed to Chihuahuas,instead of many different kinds of dogs“There are over ten different names for this basic principle,”says Limor Raviv,the senior investigator of a recent study.“Learning from less variable input is often fast,but may fail to generalise to new stimuli.”To identify key patterns and understand the underlying principles of variability effects,Raviv and her colleagues reviewed over 150 studies on variability and generalisation across fields,including computer science, linguistics,categorisation,visual perception and formal education.The researchers discovered that,across studies,the term variability can refer to at least four different kinds of variability,such as set size and scheduling.“The se four kinds of variability have never been directly compared—which means that we currently don't know which is most effective forlearning,”says Raviv.The impact of variability depends on whether it is relevant to the task or not.But according to the ‘Mr. Miyagiprinciple',practising seemingly unrelated skills may actuallybenefit learningof other skills.But why does variability impact learning and generalisation?One theory is that more variable input can highlight which aspects of atask are relevant and which are not.Another theory is that greater variability leads to broader generalisations.This is because variability will represent therealworld better,including atypical(非典型的)examplesA third reason has to do with the way memory works:when training is variable,learners are forced to actively reconstruct their memories“Understanding the impact of variability is important for literally every aspect ofour daily life.Beyond affecting the way we learn language,motor skills,and categories,it even has an impact on our social lives,”explains Raviv.“For example,face recognition is affected by whether people grew up in a small community or in a larger community.Exposure to fewer faces during childhood is associated with diminished face memory.”“We hope this work will spark people's curiosity and generate more work on the topi c,”concludes Raviv. “Our paper raises a lot of open questions.Can we find similar effects ofvariability beyond the brain,for instance, in the immune system?”51.What does the passage say about infants learning the category “dog”if they are exposed to Chihuahuas only?A)They will encounter some degree of difficulty.B)They will try to categorise other objects firstC)They will prefer Chihuahuas to other dog species.D)They will imagine Chihuahuas in various conditions52.What does Raviv say about the four different kinds ofvariability?A)Which of them is most relevant to the task at hand is to be confirmed.B)Why they have an impact on learning is far from being understood.C)Why they have neverbeen directly compared remains a mysteryD)Which of them is most conducive to learning is yet to be identified.53.How does one of the theories explain the importance of variability for learning new skills?A)Learners regard variable training as typical of what happens in the real world.B)Learners receiving variable training are compelled to reorganise their memories.C)Learners pay attention to the relevant aspects of a task and ignore those irrelevant.D)Learners focus on related skills instead of wasting time and effort on unrelated ones.54.What does the passage say about face recognition?A)People growing up in a small community may find it easy to remember familiar faces.B)Face recognition has a significant impact on literally every aspect of our social lives.C)People growing up in a large community can readily recognise any individual faces.D)The size of the community people grow up in impacts their face recognition ability.55.What does Raviv hope to do with their research work?A)Highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not to learning a skill.B)Use the principle of variability in teaching seemingly unrelated skills in education.C)Arouse people's interest in variability and stimulate more research on the topic.D)Apply the principle of variability to such fields of study as the immune system.Part IV Translation(30 minutes) Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write youransweron AnswerSheet 2.扇子自古以来就深受中国人喜爱，但现在已不只是消暑纳凉的工具，而更多地作为艺术品供人欣赏。
反假币考试试题第三套(人民币)
练习题一、单选题第1题: 观察第五套人民币1999年版100元纸币上的隐形面额数字防伪特征，正确的方法是（）。
A.将票面置于紫外灯下B.将票面置于与眼睛接近平行的位置，面对光源作平行旋转45度或90度角C.将票面面对光源作平行旋转45度或90度角D.将票面面对光源作顺时针旋转45度或90度角正确答案:B第2题: 1999年版人民币100元纸币安全线上缩微文字是（）。
A.￥100B.100C.RMB100D.人民币100正确答案:C第3题: 1999年版人民币（）纸币为横竖双号码，横号码为黑色，竖号码为红色。
A.20元B.5元C.100元D.50元正确答案:D第4题: 1999年版人民币10元纸币共有（）种公众防伪特征。
A.8B.9C.10D.11正确答案:C第5题: 2005年版人民币5元纸币共有（）种专业防伪特征。
A.6B.7C.8D.9正确答案:C第6题: 1999年版人民币5元纸币共有（）种公众防伪特征。
A.9B.10C.12D.13正确答案:A第7题: 第五套人民币1元纸币的背面主景图案是（）。
A.B.C.正确答案:B第8题: 人民币1999年版、2005年版5元纸币背面有色荧光油墨印刷图案在紫外光下显现（）色。
A. 黄B. 绿C. 红D. 蓝正确答案:B第9题: 第五套人民币1999年版1元纸币的固定花卉水印是（）水印。
A.兰花B.荷花C.水仙花D.牡丹正确答案:A第10题: 1999年10月1日，中国人民银行发行了（）人民币。
A.第二套B.第三套C.第四套D.第五套正确答案:D第11题: 目前市场上伪造的人民币主要是（）假人民币。
A.机制B.手工制作C.计算机制作D.彩色复印正确答案:A第12题: 未经（）批准，任何单位和个人不得研制、仿制、引进、销售、购买和使用印制人民币所特有的防伪材料、防伪技术、防伪工艺和专用设备。
A.国家专利局B.中国人民银行C.中国印钞造币总公司D.国务院正确答案:B第13题: 金融机构在办理业务时发现假币，由该金融机构（）业务人员当面予以收缴。
健美操第三套期末考试试题
健美操第三套期末考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 健美操中，以下哪个动作不属于基本步伐？A. 跳跃B. 踢腿C. 旋转D. 滑步2. 健美操中，下列哪个动作不属于基本上肢动作？A. 摆动B. 摆动臂C. 屈伸臂D. 滚动臂3. 以下哪个不是健美操的基本素质要求？A. 柔韧性B. 力量C. 耐力D. 体重4. 健美操的起源可以追溯到哪个国家？A. 美国B. 德国C. 中国D. 法国5. 以下哪个不是健美操比赛的评分标准？A. 技巧B. 音乐C. 服装D. 年龄二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 健美操的三大基本要素包括______、______和______。
7. 健美操比赛中，通常使用的评分方法是______。
8. 进行健美操训练时，为了预防运动损伤，需要进行充分的______。
9. 健美操中，常见的地面动作包括______、______等。
10. 健美操的编排通常需要考虑音乐的______和______。
三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）11. 简述健美操的特点及其在健身中的作用。
12. 描述一次完整的健美操训练流程，包括热身、训练和放松。
四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）13. 论述如何通过健美操提高身体的协调性和灵活性。
14. 论述健美操在促进身心健康方面的重要性。
五、案例分析题（10分）15. 根据所学知识，分析以下案例：某学生在进行健美操训练时不慎扭伤脚踝，请提出预防和处理措施。
六、实践题（10分）16. 设计一套适合初级水平学生的健美操动作组合，并说明每个动作的要点及作用。
请考生在规定时间内完成以上试题，注意审题，答题时保持条理清晰，书写规范。
操作基础第三套模拟试题
一．单项选择题1．下面的几组设备中包括输入设备、输出设备和存储设备的是（）A)CRT、CPU、ROMB)磁盘、显示器、键盘C)鼠标器、绘图仪、光盘D)磁盘、打印机、绘图仪2．目前计算机最具有代表性的应用领域有科学计算、数据处理、过程控制及（）A)绘图自动化B)程序设计C)计算机辅助工程D)操作系统3．下面列出的四项中，不属于计算机病毒特征的是（）A)激发性B)传染性C)免疫性D)破坏性4．下列是关于存储容量的描述，正确的是（）A)1KB=1000BytesB)1GB=1024×1024KBC)1GB=1024 KBD)1MB=1024×1024 Bytes5．目前，一台计算机要连入Internet,必须安装的硬件是（）A)www浏览器B)网络查询工具C)网络操作系统D)调制解调器（Modem）或网卡二、操作题1．在D盘根目录下创建文件夹ks，然后在ks文件夹下创建子文件夹ks12．将“nit任务（4）”文件夹下的“操作基础第三套模拟试题”文件复制到桌面3．设置桌面显示的外观的方案为“Windows 标准（大）”。
4．在“开始菜单”的“程序”组中添加“画图”应用程序的快捷方式。
5．利用控制面板的鼠标，设置按钮配置为左手习惯，移动鼠标时显示指针轨迹。
（提示：做好后记得改回来，否则鼠标就会不好用了哦！）6．在桌面创建“nit任务（4）\录入练习4”文件的快捷方式，并改名为“打字练习”（在桌面右击－新建快捷方式）三、文字录入题（15分）完成《录入练习4》四、文本编辑1．使用Word2000软件，将本目录中提供的有关北京申奥的SC2.DOC文档，通过以下操作要求，制作成一个可供出版的文档。
将文档中的标题“会徽说明”和“口号说明”居中，并设置为隶书、小一号、红色。
2．使用Word2000软件，将本目录中提供的有关北京申奥的SC2.DOC文档,通过以下操作要求,制作成有一个可供出版的文档。
6级第三套试题及答案
6级第三套试题及答案一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) 5:45 p.m. B) 6:15 p.m. C) 6:45 p.m. D) 7:15 p.m.2. A) 50 dollars. B) 80 dollars. C) 100 dollars. D) 120 dollars.3. A) At a restaurant. B) At a bookstore. C) At a post office. D) At a bank....20. A) Disappointed. B) Surprised. C) Annoyed. D) Relieved.答案：1. C2. B3. A...20. D二、阅读理解（共20分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of sleep.B) The benefits of exercise.C) The impact of diet on health.D) The role of stress in daily life.2. According to the author, what is the best way to improve memory?A) Taking more breaks.B) Eating a balanced diet.C) Exercising regularly.D) Getting enough sleep....10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A) The author is optimistic about the future.B) The author is concerned about the current situation.C) The author is suggesting a new approach.D) The author is warning against a potential problem.答案：1. A2. D...10. B三、完形填空（共20分）1. A) Despite B) Although C) Because D) Since2. A) to B) for C) with D) by...20. A) however B) therefore C) moreover D) besides答案：1. B2. C...20. A四、翻译（共30分）1. 随着科技的发展，人们的生活变得越来越方便。
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第三套试题
一、填空类
1.文化是人类＿＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿＿的总和。
2.一种将民族成员、民族历史结合起来，不使分散和中断的能力，叫做传
统的＿＿＿＿。
3.＿＿＿＿＿＿是人类有意识地利用自然创造出来的景观。
4.中国拥有辽阔国土的原因主要有＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿
＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，等等。
5.华夏文化圈是以＿＿＿＿＿＿为精神支柱，以＿＿＿为图腾；鸟夷文化
圈则是以＿＿＿＿＿＿为精神支柱，以＿＿＿为图腾。
6.中国文化的开放性，在汉以前主要表现在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿上，汉
以后，则表现在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿上。
7.＿＿＿＿＿＿是宗族对中国古代政治的影响。
8.古近代世界的政体主要有三种形式, 即＿＿＿＿政体、＿＿＿＿政体和
＿＿＿＿政体。
9.中国古代政治体制从秦代开始，进入＿＿＿＿＿＿时期。
10.中国第一部哲学著作是＿＿＿＿。
11.无论是中国还是古希腊，在哲学的兴起期，已经开始接触到自然、人、和思维的形式问题，初步形成＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿三
大哲学领域。
12.中国著名的人性论有孟子的________，荀子的＿＿＿＿和董仲舒的＿
＿＿＿＿＿＿。
13.社会论是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
（哲）
14.依照中国传统观念，相对的双方中，有一方起＿＿＿＿作用，其与另
一方只是＿＿＿＿关系，而不是起＿＿＿＿对方的作用。
15.春秋战国诸子百家中，儒家和＿＿＿＿在当时最著名，被时人称为“＿
＿＿＿”
16.中国古代较为全面概括系统思想的观念是“＿＿＿＿”
17.人为宗教有“三宝”，即＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿＿。
18. ＿＿＿＿＿＿是指专门展开史学批评和史学理论研究的一种史书体裁。
19学案体史籍是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
20. 中国传统艺术中的“意”表现为＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿
＿＿＿＿＿。
21. ＿＿＿＿＿＿指的是表现为整体（系统）模式的文化特征。
22. 中国古代文化结构具有内部稳定的组织，由此形成＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿
＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿的文化特征。
23. 中国文化是＿＿＿＿＿＿进化，遗传因素较多，变异因素较少。
24. 中国“和”文化的平衡机制是＿＿＿＿。
25. 中国“和”文化的功能是＿＿＿＿。
二、选择类
1.传统是一个民族代代流传下来的_______。
Ａ、落后习性Ｂ、文化性格Ｃ、表层情感Ｄ、优良品质
2.从时代的角度看，文化的作用主要在于＿＿＿＿。
Ａ、保存某个民族的历史和传统
Ｂ、作为各民族交流的手段
Ｃ、个人渲泻情绪
Ｄ、指导对自然和人本身的认识和改造
3.汉唐之际，汉族与其他民族交流的主要方式有＿＿＿＿等等。
Ａ、开辟贸易之路、和亲Ｂ、建立臣属关系、进贡
Ｃ、领土相向扩张、称霸Ｄ、建立牢固的政治经济关系
4.社会背景相对于文化来说，主要发挥内在的作用，直接影响一个民族＿＿＿＿的形成。
Ａ、文化因素Ｂ、文化走向Ｃ、文化性格Ｄ、文化交流方式
5.＿＿＿＿时期，君主统治序列与宗族统治序列是合二为一的。
Ａ、西周Ｂ、汉代Ｃ、东晋Ｄ、唐朝
6.造成中国古近代出现“千年田八百主”这样一个奇特现象的主要原因是＿＿＿＿。
Ａ、嫡长子继承财产Ｂ、多子分继财产
Ｃ、小农经济思想Ｄ、土地兼并思想
7.宗法宗族在中国主要存在于＿＿＿＿以前，之后的宗族基本上只是一种简单的亲情血缘认同。
Ａ、明清Ｂ、唐末Ｃ、汉魏Ｄ、先秦
8.由于中国传统有机论的过程性思维的影响，中国文化因此带上＿＿
的色彩。
Ａ、罪感文化Ｂ、乐感文化Ｃ、主导文化Ｄ、从属文化
9.把世界本原当作哲学问题进行系统讨论的第一人是＿＿＿＿。
Ａ、孔子Ｂ、老子Ｃ、周敦颐Ｄ、董仲舒
10.墨子“三表法”中的三个条件分别是＿＿＿、＿＿＿和＿＿＿。
Ａ、本原用Ｂ、人才学
Ｃ、道器用Ｄ、法刑赏
11.中国传统思维方式属于注重整体综合性研究的辩证思维。
这种思维侧重于事物的＿＿＿＿。
Ａ、数量分析Ｂ、实验结果Ｃ、功能研究Ｄ、实质分析
12.“庄周梦喋”、“朝三暮四”说明庄子＿＿＿＿的哲学思想。
Ａ、神变Ｂ、相对主义Ｃ、虚无主义Ｄ、浪漫主义
13.中国传统宗教观带有浓厚的功利味道，表现在
Ａ、出世求缘Ｂ、只求来世Ｃ、脱离现世Ｄ、现世实用
14.中国传统散文的一个重要特征是“＿＿＿＿”。
Ａ、抽象Ｂ、离神Ｃ、离奇Ｄ、气盛
15.中国画、书法中的“飞白”是中国传统艺术观中＿＿＿＿的典型表现。
Ａ、虚短实长Ｂ、虚实相济Ｃ、心物对应Ｄ、虚实相抑
16. 艺术作品和心灵之间存在共鸣和感应关系，这叫做＿＿＿＿。
Ａ、心物对应Ｂ、虚实相生Ｃ、心照不宣Ｄ、心心相印
17. 中国艺术的真谛是＿＿＿＿。
Ａ、我物对立Ｂ、去伪存真Ｃ、异质相斥Ｄ、异质同构
18. 古代中国画的一个重要特征是＿＿＿＿。
Ａ、注重线的作用Ｂ、注重光的作用
Ｃ、注重色的作用Ｄ、重视材料的运用
19. 中国传统绘画构图布景的主要特征是＿＿＿＿。
Ａ、不留空虚Ｂ、严格布局Ｃ、虚空之道Ｄ、集中视点
20. 中国文化系统保持动态性的其中一个表现是＿＿＿＿。
Ａ、具有完备的吸收外来文化的机制
Ｂ、具有独特的时空观
Ｃ、具有整一不变的思维结构
Ｄ、具有稳定的历史观
三、判断类
1.世界上的民族，从地理上划分，可分为“海洋民族”和“大陆民族” 前者是开放的民族，后者是封闭的民族。
2.文化具有地域特征，因此，一个地方的文化与其他地方的文化有着绝对的差异。
3.中华文化是从黄河发源，再向各地辐散而形成的
4.中国古代商业处于长期被抑制的状态，无法发展。
5.推恩令的实施，是古代社会实施“多子分继财产”的开始。
6.唐朝“三省六部制”的确立，标志着古代社会官僚制的成熟。
7.中国文化是不求变化的文化。
8.人生下来就具备了道德之性，故“人性本善”。
9.中国人有一个传统观点，认为事物之间没有任何必然联系，事物间都是相互隔绝的。
10.中国人的传统美德是“忍”。
11.佛教是人为宗教。
12.中国古代文学充满抽象色彩。
13.中国艺术是“虚”的艺术。
14.中国古典音乐的声调不全。
15.中国文化不关注个性，只讲不偏不倚。
四、简答类
1.中国文化“全盘西化”有没有可能？
2.中国文化的形成经历了哪几个阶段？
3.简述华夏文化形成的过程。
4.宗法制是什么？
5.衡量宗法制的标准是什么？
6.近现代的法治与古代的法治有什么区别？
7.秦以后，中国国家体制的“法治”主要表现在哪里？
8.在思维的属性方面，中西思维方式有什么不同？
9.在微观科学和宇观科学尚未成形的古代，中国人以什么方式去了解看不见的微观世界和无法达到的宇观世界？
10.我们可以从庄子思想中得到什么启示？
11.中国古代系统观中包含了哪几种系统关系？
12.浅谈中国传统宗教观的内容。
13.道教信仰有哪些基本特征？
14.中国艺术中的“以大观小”指的是什么？
15.简述中国古代文化系统内的动态性表现。
五、词解类
1.硬文化
2.丝绸之路
3.初始集团
4.采邑
5.政体
6.思维
7.人性论
8.仁
9.中和之美
10.方志体
11.静寓意动的功能
12.狂狷
13.文化结构
14.智圆行方
15.中国文化充满理性
六、研讨类
1.试论中国文化的性格。
2.为什么说秦以后宗法制已名存实亡?
3.试析西方中世纪一直实行“嫡长继承制”的结果是什么？
4.中国“月令图式”的辩证性包含什么意义？
5.试论中欧人文主义的异同。
6.试比较中西印的矛盾观及解决矛盾的方法。
7.为什么说中国传统文学具有“中和之美”的美学追求？
8.简述“虚”在艺术上的功能和表现
9.中国“和”文化用什么方法消除等级存在造成的人的内心的不平衡？
10.漫谈中国传统文化的形代化因素。