高中英语定语从句(直击高考)

直击高考定语从句知识扫描：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词，用做定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

定语从句是高考的热点之一，一般放在单选题和短文改错中。

考试的重点在关系词的选择、非限制性定语从句、介词家关系代词等方面，并且常常是几个知识点放在一起考查。

阅读理解中定语从句的理解也很关键。

高考热点：1、关系代词who(m)、which、that的选用和省略。

2、先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时，用关系副词when，where还是用关系副词which ，that。

3、介词+关系代词which, whom等，不能用that, who。

4、先行词是整个句子或句子的一部分时，用as或which引导的非限制性定语从句。

5、用Whose或of which引导的定语从句。

6、先行词是the way 或the reason时，关系词的选择。

7、先行词前有So ，such， as ，same等时，用 as引导定语从句。

核心解读一：1、1>关系代词的省略情况That , which, who, whom做宾语、表语时可省略。

He isn’t the man (th at) he was.The man (man) I spoke to is my brother.The book (that/which) I borrowed yesterday is very interesting.关系代词在从句中做介词宾语，而介词不在关系代词前时可省略。

This is the very book (that/ which) I have been looking for.That可做关系副词，往往省略，先行词多为 way, day, time, moment等。

I don’t like the way (that=in which) he talks.This is the third time (that) he has been late this week.2>关系代词的选用情况。

用于指代先行的名词或名词同等语并兼具连词功能引导从句与先行词之间关系的词叫关系代词.如果一个句子中缺成分<常常是选空后的句子缺主语、宾语或表语等>（一个简单的英语句子至少要有主语和谓语，谓语动词若是及物动词时则必须要有宾语），就要选择关系代词(that, which, as, who, whom, whose)。

不缺成分就只能缺句子的壮语,所以就应选择关系副词(when, where, why)。

I walked in the yard，____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. that[点拨]：答案C。

选空后的句子，主语是Tom and Jim。

谓语是were tying。

宾语是a big sign。

句子中不缺成分，所以要选关系副词when或 where 。

Tom and Jim两人的动作发生的场所是yard，所以只有选表示地点的副词C. where。

2、that, who, which做主语时，从句中谓语动词的数必须和先行词一致。

He is the only one of the teachers who is respected and loved by all the students. 他是唯一一位受所有学生尊敬和爱戴的老师。

（受尊敬和爱戴的只有一位老师）。

3、只能that用做关系代词的情况（共9种类型）。

1>.当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时(something除外)，只用that。

歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。

Pay attention to everything that I do.2>.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。

歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which.This is the best novel (that) have read.3>.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。

歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that.They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school. 4>.当先行词被the only, the last, the way, the same等等修饰时。

This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.5>.在疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。

Which of the students that knows something about history.6>.当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略。

This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing.7>.当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略。

如：China is not the country (that) it was.8>. 当先行词被All, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，只用that。

He has little time that he can spare.9>.当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that.I’ve got one that you might be interested in.4.指物只能用which 不用that的情况1).在非限制性定语从句中2).在介词后面5.指人时只能用who不用 that的情况1). 先行词为one, ones或anyone.2). 先行词为those.3). 在there be开头的句子中。

There is a man who called himself Mr. Wu at the gate.4). 在非限制性定语从句中。

6.“the same ...as”, “such...as” 中的as 可以指人或物，作从句的主语、宾语、表语或介词的宾语。

如：Such money as he earned was spent on spirits and tobacco.Is this the same mosquito as bit you just now?He was not half such a coward as we took him for.7.why引导表示原因的定语从句，其先行词一般是reason。

当主句主语是reason时，作主句表语的成分不能有because和because of 。

其结构一般为the reason why…is that…，或者the reason that … is that…，如：He did not tell us the reason why he was late again.The reason why （that）he didn't come is that he was ill.核心解读二：在“介词+which / whom”的结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况：1.定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配This is the college in which I am studying.He is the man about whom we are talking.2.先行词与介词的习惯搭配当先行词表示“领域、方面”时，如：aspect, respect, area, field等，用 in which；当先行词表示“价格、利率、速度”时，如：rate, price, speed 等，用 at which；当先行词表示“程度”时，如：degree, extent等，用 to which；当先行词表示“根据、依据、基础”时，如：grounds, foundation, basis等，用 on which；The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter.It is useful to be able to predict the extent to which a price change will affectsupply and demand.3.当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which，否则用其他介词I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.4．非限制性定语从句与并列句主句的比较，主要区别在于主句后面的标点符号。

. some of them; some of them1) I pick up the apples and / but some of them were bad.Most of them;some of them2) I have some students and most of them are from Beijing.,most of whom注意：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如put up with；有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配，此时需要根据上下文来确定。

如：be familiar with / to ； compare with / to.核心解读三：当先行词为表示时间的名词（如：time, day, year, week, month, occasion）或地点的名词（如：place, room, city, country）时，一般用关系副词 when 或 where. 分别相当于in which, at which, on which。

但是当这些表示时间或地点的名词作从句的宾语时，则要用关系代词that 或which。

I can't forget the days when (in which) I lived with you.Can you tell me the day when (on which) the first satellite was sent into space?China is the only country where (in which) wild pandas can be found.I’ll never forget the village where I spent my childhood.I will never forget the days that (which) I spent in Peking University.(点拨：本句days 作spend 的宾语，故用关系代词that / which )I have never been to Beijing, which but I hear about .核心解读四：非限定性定语从句不能用that引导, 一般用引导词which / as或who（指人），非限定性定语从句既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。