2021版江苏专用高考英语二轮复习讲义： 第1部分 专题1 第10讲 代词和名词
2021版江苏专用高考英语二轮复习讲义： 第1部分 专题3 类型3 科普知识
类型3| 科普知识(对应学生用书第62页)考察要点方法技巧1.科学现象、概念、定义、类别等。
2．事物的性质、特点、原理、用途等。
3．事物或现象产生的原因、过程、演变。
4．相似事物间的异同。
1.理清说明顺序：时间、空间、逻辑顺序。
2．把握文章构造：并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式。
3．认清说明方法：下定义、举事例、作比拟、打比方等。
(2021·江苏高考卷)Before birth，babies can tell thedifference between loud sounds and voices.They can evendistinguish their mother's voice from that of a femalestranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，birdscould rule_the_roost．As recently reported in The Auk：Ornithological Ad v ances，some mother birds may teach theiryoung to sing even before they hatch(孵化)．New-born chickscan then imitate their mom's call within a few days of entering the world.This educational method was first observed in 2021 by Sonia Kleindorfer，a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia，and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me！〞call.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the redbacked fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby redbacked fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms.And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the babies' begging calls.In addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent，do you invest in quality children，or do you invest in children that are in need？〞Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.〞58．The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “________〞．A．be the worst B．be the bestC．be just as bad D．be just as good59．What are Kleindorfer's findings based on?A．Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.B．The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.C．The data collected from Queensland's locals.D．Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.60．Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which________．A．can receive quality signals B．are in need of trainingC．fit the environment better D．make the loudest call【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类的说明文。
高考英语(江苏版)一轮配套课件：专题一 名词、介词和代词
里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半,即selves,lives,
thieves,wives,knives,loaves,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves。
但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以变f为v后加-es,也可以直接在f后加-s,它们
是:handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕,scarfs(scarves)围巾。
criteria (criterion) by which to make
decisions.
二、名词的格
1. s所有格及加- s词尾的规则
主要用在有生命的名词后,但有时也可用在表示时间、自然现象、度量
衡、价值、国家、城市等无生命的名词后面。
构成
举例
单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在
the boy s bag那个男孩的包
复数。
men teachers男老师
women engineers女工程师
(8)不规则复数形式
①变内部元音
foot—feet脚
man—men男人
woman—women女人
mouse—mice老鼠
tooth—teeth牙
goose—geese鹅
gentleman—gentlemen绅士
②单复数同形的名词
但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它们是:zeros(zeroes)零,
2021高考江苏译林英语一轮复习讲义：第1部分 选修10 Units 3-4
Units 3－4A．根据汉语提示完成以下句子1．After all things had been discussed，the meeting was (完毕) with the applause.2．His parents' (反响) to the news was surprisingly calm.3．Science has made great progress in the (预防) of many diseases.4．It's a (致命的) poison and if he drank it，he'd probably die.5．It is very (体贴的) of you to give us some books to read to kill the time during the long journey.6．He was one of 30 (申请者) for the manager's job.7．I ask you not to get (涉及) in this kind of matter.It' s none of your business.8．If you (疑心) a gas leak，don't strike a match or even turn on an electric light.9．It is difficult to (评估) the effects of the new tax system for the moment.10．The teacher made a (要求) that all the students should be well prepared for the exam.【答案】8．suspectB．用所给词的适当形式填空11．Until he in it did he realize that it was a ．(trap)12．It is really fun to take a and in the sunlight.(bath)【导学号：36742151】13．of the fact that the old man had lost ，he sent for a doctor immediately.(unconscious)14．Your is reasonable，but it must be put into practice.(theory)15．When he had the medical ，he had his lungs carefully.(inspect) 【答案】11.was trapped；trap12.bath；bathe 13．Conscious; consciousness 14.theory; theoretically15.inspection；inspectedA．补全以下短语1．burst on the scene 突然出现2．wipe away 消除，去除3．over again 再，重新4．put into effect 使生效，实施5．contrary to 与……相反6．cheat sb.of sth. 向某人骗取某物7．turn down 调低(音量)，拒绝8．join with (与……)合作；联合9．lose sb.to．.. 因……而失去某人10．be related to 与……有关11．have a hatred for 对……憎恨12．in the first place 首先13．have difficulty in doing 做……有困难14．subscribe to 同意；订阅15．be faced with 面临16．act as 充当17．warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事18．break into 闯入，破门而入19．take measures 采取措施20．in face of 面对……，不顾……B．选用上述短语填空21．Local schools have each other to share facilities.22．The new law won't until next year.23．The thieves waited until it was dark enough the house.24．Our living environment becomes worse and worse.It is time for us to stop pollution.25．When we a challenge，we usually have two choices.26．The bus will stop wherever ．27．One's mind works fast danger.28．She did the work so badly that I had to do it myself.29．Well，，I can't afford it，and in the second place，I'm not really interested.【答案】21.joined forces with22.be put into effect23.to break into24.to take measures 25．are faced with26.by request27.in face of28．over again29.in the first placeA．阅读以下句子，并体会黑体局部的用法1．Do not leave any medicine lying around in the house so that children can get it.在屋内不要把药随处乱放，以免孩子们拿到。
2021版江苏专用高考英语二轮复习讲义： 第1部分 专题1 第1讲 时态和语态
第一讲时态和语态(对应学生用书第3页)1．(2021·江苏高考卷)He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he ________．A．was being followed B．was followingC．had been followed D．followedA[句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。
这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进展时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进展的动作。
又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
] 2．(2021·江苏高考卷)He's been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A．hasn't qualified B．hadn't qualifiedC．doesn't qualify D．wasn't qualifyingC[句意：他被告知，因为其教育背景，他没有资格获得这笔奖学金。
根据语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，因此使用一般现在时。
]【导学号：25874000】3．(2021 ·江苏高考卷)The real reason why prices ________，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A．were B．will beC．have been D．had beenA[句意：物价为什么(过去)很高，现在依然很高的真正原因很复杂，不是一个简短的讨论就可以满意地解释这个问题的。
根据后面的still are可知，此处是和“现在〞比照，故用一般过去时。
2021版江苏专用高考英语二轮复习讲义： 第1部分 专题1 第4讲 名词性从句
第四讲名词性从句(对应学生用书第12页)1．(2021·江苏高考卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of________ it used to charge.A．that B．whichC．what D．howC[句意：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是他们过去所收价格的一半。
空处在句中引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作charge的宾语，因此只能选择what。
half of what it used to charge“它过去所收价格的一半〞。
]2．(2021·江苏高考卷)It is often the case________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A．why B．what C．as D．thatD[句意：通常，对于那些心怀希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。
it在句中是形式主语，that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope是主语从句，在句中作真正的主语。
由于主语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，故用that引导主语从句。
]3．(2021·江苏高考卷)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame，Mum.I am________ you have made me.A．how B．what C．that D．whoB[句意：——真是一团糟！你总是这么懒！——妈妈，不该责备我。
我是你培养的。
what引导表语从句，且在从句中充当宾语补足语，意为“……样子的人〞。
]【导学号：25874007】4．(2021·北京高考卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing________ she was heading.A．why B．where C．how D．whenB[句意：简漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道往前走，不知道要去哪里。
2021版江苏专用高考英语二轮复习讲义： 第1部分 专题1 第11讲 介词和介词短语
第十一讲介词和介词短语(对应学生用书第32页)1．(2021·江苏高考卷)Determining where we are________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A．in contrast to B．in defense ofC．in face of D．in relation toD[句意：根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。
in relation to“与……相关；涉及〞，符合句意。
in contrast to“与……相比拟〞；in defense of“防卫，为……辩护〞；in face of“面对〞。
]2．(2021 ·江苏高考卷)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around________ Thomas Edison.A．thanks to B．regardless ofC．aside from D．but forD[句意：要不是托马斯·爱迪生，现在许多让我们受益的东西也许就不会在我们身边了。
thanks to由于；regardless of不顾，不管；aside from除……之外；but for要不是。
]3．(2021·江苏高考卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay________．A．in place B．in orderC．in shape D．in fashionC[句意：汤姆总是在早晨慢跑，他也经常做俯卧撑来保持身材。
in place 在正确的位置；in order有序，有条理；in shape安康状况良好；in fashion流行。
2021年高考英语二轮复习语法系统讲解课件：代词专项模拟讲义总复习
• to oneself: 供自己用
• I can do it by myself. • She bought a dress for herself. • This is not a bad idea in itself. • All this is between ourselves. • She had a room to herself. • I haven’t been myself for weeks.
some enjoy baseball, others are fond of volleyball.
• another +number +n = number +more +n • 表示“再，还” • Please wait for another five minutes. • Please wait for five more minutes. • We need another ten people to help us. • We need ten more people to help us.
• 2.名词性的物主代词可作主语、宾语、表 语和与of连用作定语。
• mine ours yours his hers theirs
• It is not our classroom. Ours is on the second floor.
• She didn’t bring her pen, so I gave her mine.
用于以下句型：
• Can/Could you lend me some books?
• Will / Would you pass him some water?
• Would you like some drinks?
2021版江苏专用高考英语二轮复习讲义： 第1部分 专题3 类型1 广告宣传
(对应学生用书第55页) 类型1| 广告宣传(对应学生用书第55页)考察要点方法技巧1.广告宣传的目的。
2．广告中提及的时间、地点、人物。
3．所介绍的事物、产品的特征。
4．所宣传的活动、工程的内容及其作用。
，了解大意。
2．找准关键词、关键句，把握住细节。
3．通过分析、比照，筛选出可用信息。
(2021·江苏高考卷，A)-Learning：An Alternative Learning OpportunityDay School ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board (TDSB) are invited to take one or two e-Learning courses on their day school timetable.Students will remain on the roll at their day school.The online classroom provides an innovative，relevant and interactive learning environment.The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.These online courses：are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers；are part of the TDSB student's timetable；and，appear on the student's report upon completion.Benefits of e-LearningInclude：access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school；able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with Internet access. Students need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course.A．they are given by best TDSB teachersB．they are not on the day school timetableC．they are not included on students' reportsD．they are an addition to TDSB courses57．What do students need to do before completing e-Learning courses?A．To learn information technology online.B．To do their assignments independently.C．To update their mobile devices regularly.D．To talk face to face with their teachers.【语篇解读】本文是一那么广告。
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第十讲代词和名词(对应学生用书第28页)1．(2021·江苏高考卷)—Can you tell us your________ for happiness and a long life?—Living every day to the full，definitely.A．recipe B．record C．range D．receiptA[句意：——你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？——当然是充实地过好每一天。
recipe秘诀，食谱；record录音，记录；range范围；receipt 收据。
]2．(2021 ·江苏高考卷)Some schools will have to make________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A．judgments B．adjustmentsC．comments D．achievementsB[考察名词辨析。
句意：为了和全国的足球改革保持一致，一些学校将不得不做出调整。
judgment判断；adjustment调整；comment评论；achievement成就。
]【导学号：25874019】3．(2021 ·江苏高考卷)—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.—I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my________．A．requests B．excusesC．apologies D．regretsC[考察名词辨析。
句意：——戴夫，去和妈妈说声抱歉。
——我愿意去，但是恐怕她不承受我的抱歉。
request请求；excuse借口；apology抱歉；regret 懊悔，遗憾。
]4．(2021·江苏高考卷)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained apowerful________ in last year's election.A．symbol B．portrait C．identity D．statueA[考察名词辨析。
句意：虽然两年前就被软禁，但是在去年的选举中，她仍然是有影响力的代表人物。
symbol象征，代表性的人(物)；portrait肖像；identity身份；statue雕像。
]5．(2021·江苏高考卷)With inspiration from other food cultures，American food culture can take a________ for the better.A．share B．chance C．turn D．leadC[考察名词辨析。
句意：有了源于其他饮食文化的灵感，美国的食品文化将向更好的方面转变。
take a share分担；take a chance冒险；take a turn(情况、形势等)发生转变；take a lead领先，带头。
]6．(2021·江苏高考卷)Good families are much to all their members，but________ to none.A．something B．anythingC．everything D．nothingC[考察代词。
句意：良好的家庭对每一个家庭成员都很重要，但并不意味着一切。
everything to none是习惯表达，意为“不是全部〞。
] 7．(2021·浙江高考卷)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from________in the UK.A．that B．this C．one D．itA[句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系与英国的并没有很大的不同。
A 项that代替前面的the education system，符合句意。
this这个；one泛指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个；it指代上文提到过的同一事物。
]一、常考代词的根本用法1．指示代词this，that，these，those，such，so的用法(1)what常用于询问他人的职业、外貌、性格特征等。
You have met our new teacher.What does he look like?(2)what的常用句式：What is ⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧the height/weight/depth/width/length/size ？高度/重量/深度/宽度/长度/尺寸是多少？the population ？人口是多少？the distance ？距离是多远？the price ？价格是多少？your address ？你住哪里？your attitude ？你的态度是怎样的？4．不定代词的用法(1)指时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等。
It's early spring ，but it is already hot.(2)指代前面提到过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词this ，that 。
Although he didn't like it，I decided to see the movie anyway.(3)当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用it来指代。
What will you call it if it is a boy?(4)作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或名词性从句。
It is dangerous for you to swim in the river.He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.(5)常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：It is a pity/shame that...真可惜/丢人……It is no wonder that...难怪……It seems/appears that...似乎/看来……It looks/seems as if/though...看起来好似……It happens that...碰巧……It strikes/hits sb.that...某人突然想起……It comes/occurs to sb.that...某人想到……It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that...据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议……It is no use/good doing sth.做某事没有用/好处It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间It is certain that...……是一定的主语＋表示情感倾向的动词(enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate 等)＋it＋that/if/when...(6)用于强调句型“It is/was＋被强调局部＋that/who...〞John's success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today.二、名词常考的知识点名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要考察学生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。
近几年考察的名词词义辨析主要有以下几种形式：1．“同缀〞词的词义辨析，即一样词缀的名词辨析。
如：①expression(表情)impression(印象)satisfaction(满意) attention(注意)②accommodation(住宿) occupation(职业)adaptation(适应，改编) appreciation(欣赏)③equipment(设备) entertainment(娱乐)assessment(评估，估算) arrangement(安排)④consequence(后果) independence(独立)competence(能力，权限) intelligence(智力)2．“形近〞词的词义辨析。
如：①command(命令) comparison(比拟)compliment(赞美) contribution(奉献)②commitment(承诺，奉献) competition(竞争)ambition(野心) accompany(陪伴)3．“意近〞词的词义辨析。
如：①advice；question；offer；idea②anger；rudeness；regret；panic(惊慌)4．“无关联〞词的词义辨析。
如：①symbol(象征) portrait(肖像)identity(身份) statue(雕像)②difference(差异，不同) comparison(比拟)connection(连接，关系) barrier(屏障，障碍)③luck(幸运，运气) value(价值，重要性)time(时间，次数) fact(事实，实际)5．名词构成的固定搭配，尤其是高频的“动词＋名词〞与“介词＋名词〞的短语搭配。
如：keep a balance保持平衡out of one's reach 在某人够不到的地方make room for 为……腾地方beyond recognition 无法识别常见的名词构成的固定搭配还有：have/gain access to 可以获得take...into account 考虑……gain/have an advantage over 胜过，优于make fun of 取笑，嘲弄take advantage of 利用，趁……之机make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理play a part/role in 在……(方面)起作用catch sight of 发现，突然看见have a good reputation 有个好的名声have an idea of 了解have a sense of 有……意识have a feeling of 有……感觉get relief 得到缓解6．名词的一词多义与熟词新义名词的一词多义与熟词新义是考察的重点和难点，学生往往因为对词汇的掌握不够全面，而找不出正确答案。
另外一词多义与熟词新义在阅读理解中也常常给学生造成混乱。