(江苏专用)2020高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测(十八)阅读理解B篇专练(一)
2020年江苏省高考英语仿真模拟试题二（附答案）
2020年江苏省高考英语仿真模拟试题二（附答案）2020年江苏省高考英语仿真模拟试题二（附答案）本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等信息填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) （略）第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMy college experience included this life-skill lesson: Drink alcohol on a full stomach. Or you will get inebriated too quickly. Of course, most college students shouldn’t be drinking at all, but we know from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism that close to 60 percent of college students aged 18 to 22 do consume alcohol, which makes harm-reducing approaches important.Unfortunately, campus authorities and researchers are reporting a practice that turns the full-stomach drinking strategy on its head: rather than filling up before a night of partying, significant numbers of students refuse to eat all day before consuming alcohol.This is a high-risk behavior called “drunkorexia,” which is one part eating disorder, one part alcoholism—a very dangerous combination for college-age students. The term drunkorexia, which can also include excessive exercise or purging before consuming alcohol, was coined about 10 years ago, and it started showing up in medical research around 2012. Drunkorexia addresses the need to be the life of the party while staying extremely thin, pointing to a flawed mind-set about body image and alcoholism among college students, mostly women.Imagine this scenario: A femal e college freshman doesn’t eat anything all day, exercises on an empty stomach, then downs five shots of tequila in less than two hours. Because there’s no food in her system to help slow the absorption of alcohol, those shots affect her rapidly, leading to inebriation and possibly passing out, vomiting or suffering alcohol poisoning. That’s drunkorexia.Tavis Glassman, professor of health education and public health at the University of Toledo in Ohio, researches drunkorexia and worries about scenarios suc h as the one described above: “With nothing in her system, alcohol hits quickly, and that brings up the same issues as with any high-risk drinking: getting home safely, sexual assault, unintentional injury, fights, hangovers that affect class attendance and grades, and possibly ending up in emergency because the alcohol hits so hard,” he says.“Alcohol can negatively affect the liver or gastrointestinal system, it can interfere with sleep, lower the immune system and is linked to several types of cancers,” Hultin says.1. What does the underlined word “inebriated” in paragraph 1 mean?A. excitedB. overwhelmedC. addictedD. drunk2. We can infer from the passage that ____________.A. a large number of college students spend most of their nights partyingB. some college students refuse to eat before drinking alcohol to keep slimC. There is a direct link between body image and consuming alcoholD. female college student is more likely to be hurt if she drinks alcohol3. Which of the following may Tavis Glassman agree with?A. With more food in one’s system, he may suffer from the effects of alcohol slowly.B. Drinking five shots of tequila in less than two hours is the performance of drunkorexia.C. Those who don’t attend classes and have lower grades tend to be addicted to alcohol.D. Alcohol has negative effects on the immune system and may lead to several cancers.BThe first men and women came to Britain over two and a half million years ago. They were hunters and gatherers of food who used stone tools and weapons. But the British Isles only became islands separate from the rest of Europe about 8,500 years ago, when melting ice formed the English Channel!3,000 years after Britain became an island, new tribes who came by boat from the mainland introduced farming. These tribes built earthworks for protection and as tombs for their dead.Many of these man-made hills can still be seen.Later on, people learned to build stone monuments. The most amazing is Stonehenge, a circle of huge stones begun about 4,500 ye ars ago. Stonehenge is the world’s most famous prehistoric monument. We don’t know what it meant or what it was used for, though many different suggestions have been made.3,000 years ago the climate in Britain became colder and wetter than before, and people had to move down from high ground. A bit later iron started to be sued for tools and weapons instead of bronze.Knowledge of ironworking may have been brought by the Celts, a new wave of immigrants who started to arrive from southern Europe in about 500 BC.What we know about the first people in Britain has been worked out by archaeologists from the remains they left behind them. Pytheas, a Greek, was the first person who could read and write to come to Britain. His visit was in about 330 BC, over 2000 years after Stonehenge was begun. Unfortunately, what Pytheas wrote has been lost, so we don’t have any written record of Britain until the Romans came, almost 300 years after he did!4.This passage mainly tells us _______ .A.The dawn of history in BritainB.How English Channel was formedC.How the British made a living millions of years agoD.When humans appeared on the British Isles5.In this passage “the man-made hill” probably refers to ___________ .A.The small islands in BritainB.Earthworks for protection and as tombsC.The amazing StonehengeD.The farms opened up by the first man6.Why did people move to low ground 3,000 years ago?A.Because iron tools were used for farmingB.Because the climate made it unfit for man to live thereC.Because more people arrived from southern EuropeD.Because the Celts forced them to do so7.Only after ________ do people have written records about Britain.A.the arrival of the CeltsB.Stonehenge was begunC.Pytheas’s visitD.the Romans cameCDuring Amsterdam’s chaotic rush hour, nine -year-old Lotta Crok cycles to a very busy junction. “Look,” she says. “There’s traffic coming from everywhere. Four trams from four differ ent directions. For a child on a bike that’s really confusing!”Lotta is the first junior cycle mayor in the world and her working area is the Dutch capital. You would think this challenge would be superfluous in a city known as the bicycle capital of the world. The number of bicycles in Amsterdam is estimated at 81,000 - more than the city’s 850,000 inhabitants - and 63% of the population cycle daily.But children who cycle in Amsterdam face challenges, Lotta says: “The three biggest problems for us are ca rs, cycling tourists and scooters (小型摩托). The cars take up too much space, the tourists are always swinging side to side and stop when you least expect it, and the scooters simply run you over.”Lotta became junior cycle mayor in June last year when shewon a contest in which school children were asked to come up with plans to make cycling safer and more fun. Her idea was to add children’s bikes to the popular bike share programme.Since Lotta was appointed junior cycle mayor, she has been busy, giving interviews, opening cycling contests in the city and being a jury (评审员) member during the Amsterdam Light Parade, an event in which Amsterdammers decorate their bikes with lights.She is now planning a meeting with the city’s mayor to discuss ideas that childr en have come up with: “One of our proposals is a bicycle park w here children can learn how to cycle. Right now, most of us learn a it in the street, which can be quite busy. Another idea is to create an app for tourists to teach them the rules of cycling, because most of them really don’t know.”Following the success of the Amsterdam scheme, cycle mayors around the world are now planning to appoint junior colleagues. “They see it works really well,” Boerma, the senior major, says. “I talk to the parents, L otta talks to the children. And if you look at the city through the eyes of a child, you will also make it accessible for others. A city that’s good for an eight-year-old is also good for an 88-year-old.”8. Why is a junior cycle mayor appointed in Amsterdam?A. To teach children how to ride.B. To ensure cycling is safer for children.C. To give suggestions to the city’s mayor on how to run the city.D. To organize the cycling contests in the city.9. Which word can best replace the underlined word “superfluous” in paragraph 2?A. ImportantB. UnnecessaryC. DifficultD. Valuable10. What has Lotta done since she became the bike mayor? .A. She has solved the three biggest problems for children cycling in Amsterdam.B. She has won a contest about cycling.C. She has given interviews and been a jury member during a parade.D. She has given proposals to the city mayor.11. What’s Boerma’s attitude to the junior cycle mayor?A. CautiousB. FavorableC. AmbiguousD. DisapprovingDGive yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A c hild’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the RockyMountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guid es, and said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet” and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of “time” and “destination” are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to s ee what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. “Oh, a few birds, ” they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.12. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ________.A. anxious to do wonders.B. sensitive to others’ feelings.C. likely to develop unpleasant habits.D. eager to explore the world around them.13. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.B. To stop complaining all the time.C. To follow the teacher’s advice.D. To admit mistakes honestly.14. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they _______.A. are very patient in their observation.B. are really fascinated by nature.C. care only about the names of birds.D. question the accuracy of the field guides.15. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should ______.A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world.B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life.C. open our mind to new things and ideas.D. try our best to protect nature.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
江苏省苏北七市2023届高三第二次调研测试英语试题(含答案)
2023届高三第二次调研测试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Reduce the amount of furniture.B. Increase the size of the room.C. Buy a new desk.2. How do the speakers feel now?A. Hungry.B. Satisfied.C.Disappointed.3. What is the woman going to do next?A. Make a coffee.B. Pour some cups of tea.C. Take orange juice out of the fridge.4. What was the river made for in the 19th century?A. Walking along.B. Enjoying wildlife.C. Transporting goods.5. What is the man doing?A. Touring old people's houses.B. Correcting a mistake.C. Giving instructions.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江苏卷真题英语试题解析版
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江苏卷真题英语试题解析版Section 1: Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)In this section, you will read several passages and answer questions based on the information provided. Below are the explanations and analysis of the questions from the 2020 National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) English test questions for Jiangsu Province.Passage 1The first passage discusses the benefits of reading books. The passage highlights the importance of reading, as it helps to broaden one's imagination and improve critical thinking skills. It also emphasizes the positive impact of reading on language development and vocabulary expansion.Question 1: According to the passage, what are the benefits of reading books?Answer: The benefits of reading books include broadening imagination, enhancing critical thinking, improving language skills, and expanding vocabulary.Passage 2The second passage introduces the concept of "eco-anxiety" and its effects on individuals. It explains how climate change and environmental issues can contribute to increased stress and anxiety. The passage also suggests ways to cope with eco-anxiety, such as engaging in environmental activism and seeking support from others.Question 2: What is eco-anxiety?Answer: Eco-anxiety refers to increased stress and anxiety caused by climate change and environmental issues.Section 2: Vocabulary and Grammar (词汇与语法)In this section, you will be tested on your knowledge of vocabulary and grammar usage through various sentence completion and error correction tasks.Question 3: Choose the word that best completes the sentence: The company has experienced significant ________ since the new CEO took over.a) growthb) strengthc) deficitd) reductionAnswer: a) growthQuestion 4: Identify the grammatical error in the following sentence: She don't have enough time to finish her work.Answer: The sentence should be corrected to "She doesn't have enough time to finish her work." The verb "don't" should be changed to "doesn't" to match the singular subject "She."Section 3: Cloze Test (完型填空)In this section, you will read a passage with missing words and select the most appropriate option to fill in the gaps.PassageThe passage discusses the importance of perseverance in achieving goals. It shares stories of successful individuals who have overcome challenges and setbacks through their determination and hard work.Question 5: Which word best fits in the gap? In order to succeed, one must have ________ and never give up.a) ambitionb) motivationc) perseveranced) talentAnswer: c) perseveranceSection 4: Translation (翻译)In this section, you will be asked to translate a sentence from Chinese to English or vice versa.Question 6: Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: "He is studying at a prestigious university in the United States."Answer: "他正在美国一所著名的大学学习。
2020江苏高考英语二轮培优新方案：专题限时检测(二十八) 任务型阅读(三)+Word版含解析
专题限时检测(二十八)任务型阅读(三)(限时24分钟)A(2019·苏、锡、常、镇模拟)Do the Right ThingIn life, people feel most satisfied when they choose options that side with their most deeply held values. Here's how to stay true to yours.If you hope to have your life shaped according to your ideals, you have to know what those ideals are. Perhaps begin sessions by identifying the concepts that are most important from a list: honesty, structure, family and so on. Those qualities are influenced by your parents, your culture and society as a whole, but you have to take ownership of your own decisions.Almost all of these qualities are things most of us desire to hold dear. To determine which principles are more than just desires, reflect on situations that resonate (共鸣) with yourself.Identifying your values will guide you in the right direction, but a few strategies can help you follow through. Before you make a big decision, do something that will put you in high spirits: exercise, socialize with friends, volunteer. Researchers theorize that such activities improve our mood, which promotes dopamine (多巴胺) levels in certain areas of the brain, improving our cognitive abilities and helping us weigh different options.Trouble is, the toughest decisions often arrive at the most inconvenient times. When you're under force, ask a family member, a friend or, in certain cases, a professional for advice. They can provide advice that's not slightly influenced by the work deadline, or leaky roof gradually weakening your mental energy.Of course, people make decisions that contradict their ideals all the time. There are lots of values we hold dear and they frequently come into conflict with one another. It's not so much that people don't know what they want; it's that there are many things we desire, and we don't always know how to compromise.While a single decision can seem like a tug-of-war between competing desires, broader life choices don't need to be a definitive either-or question. One who likes traveling worldwide might temporarily put off a grand trip to explore locations closer to home, or commit to setting aside time for vacation with their family every summer, no matter what else comes up.Surround yourself with people who, besides sharing your passion, can also prevent you from hesitating. A group can remind you，“Hey, we're doing this because we love it.”If you're still struggling, even after seeking out community support, there's no shame in revising your core values. If you're determined to take part in a charity program but spend the evening with friends instead, it may be time to accept that friendship is more important to you than volunteerism. Better yet, find opportunities to continue the charity program with your friends.You may learn that what you believed was a core priority actually has much more to do withliving up to what your parents, co-workers or others expect. If your values agree with who you really are, no one will have to ask you to make those choices.Do the Right Thing语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，就如何做出正确选择提出了四点建议。
2020年江苏高考二轮专题限时集训(18)阅读理解：主旨大意题
专题限时集训(十八)阅读理解主旨大意题(对应学生用书第151页)加★的为主旨大意题A【导学号：25874074】(2020·南京、盐城高三二模)Last year Congress issued a moral call to action when it ordered the National Institutes of Health to reevaluate its ethical oversight(伦理上的疏忽)of government-funded primate(灵长类)research.Although the scientific community widely sees nonhuman primates as essential for advances in biomedicine(they have caused major gains in the fights against AIDS and neurological diseases such as Parkinson's，for example)，researchers agree more can be done to treat the animals more humanely and conduct research less wastefully.To that end，the NIH gathered famous scientists last September to discuss the future of primatebased research—and they agreed that data sharing is the way forward.Researchers could reduce experiments on nonhuman primates by studying data that have already been collected to answer new questions，says David O'Connor，a pathologist at the University of Wisconsin Madison.O'Connor is walking_the_walk：his laboratory studies the Zika virus in primates，and he immediately posts all the results online.The goal is to figure out ways to fight Zika as quickly as possible without placing an undue burden on research primates.The Seattle-based Allen Institute for Brain Science，which uses rhesus macaques，small South Asian monkeys，to study the molecular basis of brain development，also makes all results public.O'Connor says this practice should be more widespread so that “researchers who are using this scarce but vital resource can learn as much as possible from as few animals as necessary”．Still，he is skeptical that data sharing will catch on because it would require a change in “normative behavior”—science's strong culture of secrecy，in which data are kept under wraps until they are published in a peerreviewed journal.One step toward full transparency is to follow the lead of humanclinical trials，says Christine Grady，a bioethicist at the w requires most clinical trials to register online and make their results public，even if a study fails or is inconclusive.This ensures that other researchers can learn from a trial regardless of its results—a move that could also safeguard primates against being used for the same thing twice.Nancy Haigwood，director of the Oregon National Primate Research Center，also says data sharing is “the way of the future”．Her center hosts 4，800 primates to study a variety of human diseases.She currently contributes results from her center to O'Connor's website.“I don't see a drawback，”she says，“We have to share data more quickly.”【语篇解读】为了更人道地对待灵长类动物，在实验过程中减少对它们的伤害，研究者之间应该做到数据共享，增加实验数据的透明度。
2020年江苏卷AB阅读理解二次开发讲义高考英语复习
A. The Central Steering Group arrived in Wuhan.B. The WHO-China Joint Mission onCovid-19 held a press conference.C. The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.D. Beijing lowered its emergency response level.57. From which date were private cars allowed to go out of Wuhan?A. January 23.B. March 14.C. April 8.D. May 7.重难点词】1.restriction[risˈtrikʃən]n.约束,限制；被限制的情况；限制的事物2.exceed[ikˈsiːd]vt. 超过；超出；越出；凌驾；逾越vi.杰出3.equivalent[iˈkwivələnt] a.相等的；相当的n.相等物4.administrative [ədˈministrətiv] a.管理的,行政的；经营上的,后方勤务的5.inbound [ˈinbaund] a.开回本国的；归航的；开往市内的；入境的；入站的6. release[riˈliːs]vt.释放；解除；准予发表7. guideline[ˈgaidlain]n.指导方针,指标；指路绳长难句】The daily number [主语]of newly cured and discharged patients[后置定语] exceeded[谓语] that [宾语]of the newly confirmed cases [后置定语].解析：句子主干为红色字体，主谓宾结构，of 后面是介词短语作后置定语。
BSometimes it’s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country’s past---age-old castles, splendid homes ... and red phone boxes.Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines (处颤器).The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.About that time, Tony Inglis’ engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for 1 pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $l3, 500 in revenue a month and cost only about $ 400 to rent. Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. "I like what they are to people, and I enjoybringing things back," he said.58. The phone boxes are making a comeback______.A. to form a beautiful sight of the cityB. to improve telecommunications servicesC. to remind people of a historical periodD. to meet the requirement of green economy59. Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?A. They were not well-designed.B. They provided bad services.C. They had too short a history.D. They lost to new technologies60. The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of______.A. their new appearance and lower pricesB. the push of the local organizationsC. their changed roles and functionsD. the big funding of the businessmen重难点词】1. comeback[ˈkʌmbæk] n.恢复；复原；机智；反驳；抱怨的理由;回归2. repurpose[ˌri:ˈpɜ:pəs] vt. 赋予新的用途,改变用途3. relatively[ˈrelətivli] ad.关系上；相对地；比较上；成比例地,相对地4. generate[ˈdʒenəreit] vt.产生；造成；养育(后代)；引起；生殖5. revenue[ˈrevinjuː]n.岁入；财源；总收入；收益；税务局长难句】1】Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards[状语], the phone boxes [主语]representative of an age[后置定语] are now making[谓语] something[宾语] of a comeback[后置定语].解析：句子主干为红色字体，主谓宾结构，Beaten first by…and lately by…是过去分词作状语，representative of an age和of a comeback作后置定语2】Adapted in imaginative ways[状语], many[主语]have reappeared[谓语]on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or evendefibrillator machines[状语].解析：句子主干为红色字体，主谓结构，Adapted in imaginative ways是过去分词作状语。
2020年江苏省高考英语二模试卷解析版
A. achievement
B. appointment
C. commitment
D. employment
2. ---I cannot _____ what I have done to annoy Jessica．
---No worries． She is kind of sensitive．（ ）
B. a square meal
C. a sacred cow
D. the salt of the earth
二、阅读理解（本大题共 15 小题，共 30.0 分）
A
London Zoo Set in the heart of Regents Park， London Zoo provides a great day out with a familyh friendly atmosphere． It has been entertaining visitors of all ages with a collection of over 80，000 animals as well as some fantastic shows and interactive experiences for over 150 years． From the classic penguin feeding time to the insightful talks held in an authentic living rainforest there really is something for everyone to enjoy． There are fun and games in the kid's zone including a range of special exhibits designed to be as informative as they are exciting．Chidlren are free to explore a treetop villate， a secret underground sworld and the "Touch Zone" which provides a safe environment for them to interact with all of their favourite creatures． There is so much to do at London Zoo you may struggle to fit it all into one day! Your ticket includes priority entry access at no extra cost giving you more time to see one of the city's premier attractions．
(江苏专用)2020高考英语二轮复习专题限时检测(二十六)任务型阅读(一) (1)
专题限时检测（二十六）任务型阅读（一）(限时24分钟)A(2019·南通模拟)Life can be overwhelming (令人不知所措的). We want to do as much as we can, see the world, learn new things —and it can all get a bit too much. Sometimes we reach a point when we feel that we can no longer be interested in everything. We have to shut some of life out, and we don't like that. We are living under the false assumption that to know anything worthwhile takes years of study, so we might as well forget it.But something inside us rebels. We still want to learn new things and make new things. They don't have to be big things. Coping with too big a challenge can be daunting (令人怯步的). The secret is to be a “micromaster” by perfecting lots and lots of small things — for a big payoff.A micromastery is a selfcont ained unit of doing, complete in itself, but connected to a greater field. You can perfect that single thing and move on to bigger things. A micromastery is the way we learn as kids. You never absorb all the fundamentals straight away — you learn one cool thing, then another. Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has written about “flow” — a state in which time seems to be suspended because our involvement in what we're doing is so great. A micromastery, because it is repeatable without being repetitious, has all the elements that allow us to enter a flow state，which produces great contentment.As we get older our default setting (默认设置) becomes “off” not “on”. We stop getting interested in new things because we haven't got enough time or energy. This is an excuse but who can blame us when we hear we need 10,000 hours to “master” something. Micromastery slices through all the excuses. You start with something so small and easy that it doesn't impact on your life except positively.We envy the person who has a perfect French accent, who can roll a kayak, or compose a poem that isn't laughable, who can lay a brick wall that doesn't fall down. These are regarded as hard things to learn which mean a greater mastery of the field concerned. But with micromastery y ou start with the test piece and then — and only then —do you go back upstream to learn anything more about the new world.Seeing the world in terms of micromasteries makes anything seem possible. Fancy bookbinding? Yoga? Tap dancing or tank driving? All have their micromasteries. It'svery liberating —you no longer have to feel trapped in your day job. You will start, in a small way, to get your life back from the idea that the world seems to push on us that we should do just one thing all our lives.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种学习方法，从小事做起，然后慢慢积累，一步一步走向成功。
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专题限时检测(十八) 阅读理解B篇专练(一)(共4篇，限时28分钟)A(2020·无锡一模)“The world feels anxious and divided, and Facebook has a lot of work to do — whether it's protecting our community from abuse and hate, defending against interference by nation states, or making sure that time spent on Facebook is well spent，”Zuckerberg wrote on Facebook in January.If the tech firm succeeded, Facebook would end 2020 on a much better path.But the cracks in Zuckerberg's social media empire only grew as scandals (丑闻) about data misuse, security and even Facebook's leadership piled up.The social network has faced criticism many times since launching 14 years ago, but the public uproar reached new heights in 2020.Facebook's missteps, even as it tried to fix its problems, were yet another reminder of what happens when a company grows rapidly with little oversight (监管)．They also set the stage for another showdown between the tech powerhouse and lawmakers who have their own ideas on how to manage a platform used by 2.3 billion people every month.“I think there's just a general growing consensus from both parties in Congress that selfpolicing is not going to work，” Democratic senator Mark Warner of Virginia said in an interview.Facebook pointed to a series of notes Zuckerberg published this year outlining what the tech firm has done to combat (战斗，争论) election meddling (好干预的), as well as hate speech, misinformation and other offensive content.The social network pulled down more than 1.5 billion fake accounts, launched a database of political ads and announced the creation of a Supreme Courtlike independent body to overseecontent appeals.But in many ways, Zuckerberg fell short of his New Year's resolution (决议)．UN investigators said Facebook played a role in spreading hate speech that fueled ethnic cleansing (清洗) in Myanmar.Media outlets found loopholes (漏洞) and errors in Facebook's political ads ers questioned whether they should delete Facebook after learning that Cambridge Analytica, a UK political consulting firm with ties to Donald Trump's 2020 presidential campaign, gathered data on as many as 87 million Facebook users without their permission.In short, Facebook's problems ballooned out of the company's control.“They created a platform where sharing was mindlessly easy and interacting with each other required almost no forethought at all，” said Woodrow Hertzog, a law and computer science professor at Northeastern University.“As a result, there was massive sharing, including leaking of personal information that put lots of people at risk.”A．It is a platform where people can easily share wellselected information.B．It is a social network that has faced criticism because of data misuses from Zuckerberg.C．It is a social network which grows rapidly without enough management from the government.D．It is a popular app that 2.3 billion people use for information and communication every day.解析：选C 细节理解题。
根据第三段第二句“Facebook's missteps, even asit tried to fix its problems, were yet another reminder of what happens when a company grows rapidly with little oversight(监管)．”可知，Facebook在其迅速发展的过程中并没有受到足够的监管。
2．The underlined word “uproar” in Paragraph 3 has the similar meaning to “________”．A．crack B．criticismC．disagreement D．argument解析：选B 词义猜测题。
找回原句“The social network has faced criticism many times since launching 14 years ago, but the public uproar reached new heights in 2020.”可知uproar和criticism同义。
3．What is the best title of this passage?A．A tough challenge for FacebookB．Zuckerberg's new year resolutionC．Criticism of Facebook for misusingD．A dark future for Facebook解析：选A 标题归纳题。
文章一开始第一句“The world feels anxious and divided, and Facebook has a lot of work to do ... ”，就指出Facebook面临着很多的问题，倒数第二段“In short, Facebook's problems ballooned ou t of the company's control.”又强调了Facebook的问题已经膨胀到公司无法控制的程度。
本文是属于首尾呼应型的，所以选A作为文章的标题比较适合。
B(2020·南通一模)Statistics often sounds like a dry subject, but sometimes it's necessary to take a statistics course to get the correct answer to this problem.Take the following case for example: a football scout (球探) hears of a player who has powered his team to a good winloss record.His coaches think he's one of the most talented players they've seen.But the scout is unimpressed by the one practice game he sees him in; he tells his manager it's not worth trying to recruit (录用) the player.Most sports fans would think that was a pretty foolish decision, right? Athletic performance is much too variable to base an important judgment on such a small sample.But consider this problem: an employer gets an application from a junior executive (主管人员) with an excellent college record and strong references from his current employer.The employer interviews the applicant and is unimpressed.The employer tells his colleagues that it's not worthwhile recruiting him.Most people regard this as a reasonable sort of decision.But it isn't.Countless studies show that the unstructured 30minute interview is virtually worthless as a predictor of longterm performance by any criteria that have been examined.In both cases, predictions based on references —school reports, prior performance, letters of recommendation —give a 65－75% chance of choosing the better of the two.Why do we get the athletic problem right and the employment problem wrong? Because in the case of the job, unlike for athletic performance, we haven't seen hundreds of candidates in interviews of a particular type and seen how well performance in the interview corresponds to ultimate(最终的) performance in the setting we're concerned about.We haven't seen that the guy who looks like a fool in the interview turns out to be clever on the job and the guy who does well in the interview turns out to be average.The only way to see that the interview isn't going to be worth much is to be able to apply t he“law of large numbers”，which assists the recognition that an interview represents a very small sample of behaviour.The bottom line: there's safety in numbers.The more recommendations a person has, the more positive the outcome is likely to be for the employer.Consider the job interview: it's not only a tiny sample, it's not even a sample of job behaviour but of something else entirely.Psychologicaltheory and data show that we are incapable of treating the interview data as little more than unreliable gossip.It's just too compelling (强迫性的) that we've learned a lot from those 30 minutes.My recommendation is not to interview at all unless you're going to develop an interview protocol (体系), with the help of a professional, which is based on careful analysis of what you are looking for in a job candidate.And then ask exactly the same questions of every candidate.It's harder to develop such a protocol than you might guess.But it can really pay off.A．illustrate the influence of fansB．show the weaknesses of scoutsC．attach importance to interviewsD．introduce the topic of the passage解析：选 D 推理判断题。