初中英语解题思路—科普环保类(阅读理解)

科普环保类专项练习学校:______________________一、阅读理解When you watch TV programs about wild animals, it is surprising to see how an antelope (羚羊) can run away from a strong lion. In the wilderness, everyone has his own way to protect himself. Even plants have their own ways to fight off enemies.Over millions of years, plants have developed their own defense system (防卫系统). Chemicals are fantastically used by plants to survive (幸存). By making their leaves, flowers, roots and fruits poisonous (有毒的) to enemies, plants can fight back.One such plant is the Golden Wattle tree. The British scientist David Cameron has found when an animal eats the tree’s leaves, the amount (数量) of poison increases in the other leaves. “It’s like the injured leaves telephoning the others to fight together against the enemy,” he said.The tree also sends defense messages to neighboring plants by giving out a special smell. Golden Wattle trees in the nearby 45 meters will get the message and produce more poison within 10 minutes. Now, if an enemy eats too many of the trees’ leaves, he will die.Every kind of plant or tree is good at producing a special set of chemicals. Herbivores, like rabbits, can safely eat the leaves of one tree, but they may be poisoned by its neighbor.In this way, plants have not only developed their own defense system, but also shared it with others. This makes it impossible for a single animal to destroy even a small area of forest. 1．From the first 2 paragraphs, we can learn that _________.A. plants can do nothing against their enemiesB. chemicals are quite useful for plants to surviveC. an antelope can always run away from a strong lionD. leaves, roots, flowers and fruits of plants are poisonous2．If anima ls eat one Golden Wattle tree’s leaves, the tree can________.A. kill the animals with a special smellB. tell other trees to come to protect itC. warn other trees against the animals on the phoneD. send defense messages to the neighboring plants3．The u nderlined word “herbivores” in the 5th paragraph probably means animals which _____. A．produce poison B．live on small animalsC．like to eat rabbits D．feed on plants or grass4．The last paragraph of the passage suggests that this kind of defense system is ________. A．bad for animals B．good for forestsC．helpful to some animals D．harmful to forests5．The passage is mainly about __________.A．the examples of protecting forestsB．the balance between animals and plantsC．the ways of plants fighting against enemiesD．the relationship between lions and antelopesQi Haoran, a Junior 1 student, was quite busy over the past winter vacation – and not just with homework.Qi, together with 10 other classmates made a volunteer group to call on people to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign (“光盘行动”).The 11 students went to many restaurants and told people the importance of saving food.“Excuse me, do you know that 950 million people around the world still haven’t got enough to eat? Please don’t waste food.” They would say this kind of thing hundreds of times every day.The Clean Your Plate Campaign began on the Internet in January.It calls on people to reduce food waste.China in these years had serious problems with wasted TV reported in January that the food Chinese people waste every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.Chinese people are well known for being hospitable (好客的) and generous（大方的）.Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food.Luckily, the campaign has got the support of many.In a restaurant in Xinjiang, the owner give the guests who have eaten all that they ordered a sticker (贴花).People can enjoy a free meal when they have 10 stickers.More than 750 restaurants in Beijing have begun to offer smaller dishes and encourage their guests to take leftovers (剩饭剩菜) home.To reduce food waste is a big task, and i t needs time.It’s important that everyone does their bit, just like Qi.Did you finish your meals today?根据短文容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最恰当的答案。

6．What did the 11 students do in the winter vacation?A.The helped each other with homework.B.They opened a restaurant together.C.They volunteered for a campaign.D.They collected money from customers in restaurants.7．In this passage the underlined word “call on ” means ______.A.打B.号召C.拜访D.叫喊8．The Clean Your Plate Campaign calls on people to _____.A.do volunteer workB.work part time in restaurantsC.cut down on food wasteD.wash your plates after dinner9．From Paragraphs 4-5, we learn that _____.A.wasting food is a serious problem in ChinaB.Chinese people waste the most food in the worldC.Chinese people want to show off that they are richD.most Chinese people are afraid of losing face at the table10．What did the restaurant in Beijing do to support the campaign?A.The owner would have dinner with those who had eaten up their food.B.It offered a free meal to the guests who had finished all their food ten times.C.It gave stickers to the guests who ordered small dishes.D.It encouraged customers to take leftovers home.In nature, you may see many insects (昆虫）and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondered why?Locusts are super delicious food for birds,but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them.It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies. The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops(庄稼). When crops are young,locusts look green. But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do.Brown bears,tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They can’t be seen easily by their enemies. This is because they have colors similar to the trees. For the same reason, polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white. Butterflies and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers. Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil(土壤）in a dark and wet environment. However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to survive,they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts? The ink fish in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger. As the ink spreads over , its enemies will find themselves suddenly in a dark world. At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away. That is how it keeps itself safe though it is not strong at all.11．It is not easy for birds to catch locusts because____________.A .locusts are good runners B. locusts can jump very highC. locusts are smarter than birdsD. locusts can change their color 12．According to the passage, most soil insects_________A.do not have bright colorsB. change their colors with the soilC. do not live in a dark and wet environmentD. Eat colorful insects like butterflies and bees13．What’s the meaning of the underlined word”survive” in the passage?A. 繁殖B. 产卵C. 觅食D. 生存14．The ink fish_______so that its enemies will not see it?A. changes its colorB. makes the water around it blackC. appears only at nightD. hides itself in the sea rocks15．What is the main idea of this passage?A. Some insects and animals have different skills.B. Some insects and animals are clever than we think.C. Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves.D. Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily.Many children think mobile phones are cool. They come in fun colors and let you talk with friends anytime and anywhere.In the U.S., more than 90 million people use mobile phones. Many of these people are children. For children, mobile phones are more than phone calls. They are fashionable.Most mobile phone users don’t think about the health problems caused(引起) by mobile phones. Some scientists say that mobile phones give off radiation(辐射) that might be bad for the users.One newest study shows that mobile phone radiation might raise(增加) a person’s chance of getting some kinds of cancer(癌症). Other scientists say mobile phones don’t’ threaten people’s health. They say that they have not found any link(联系) between phone use and cancer. Scientists say that people can protect (保护) themselves from mobile phone radiation. One way is to use a headset(耳机). Or people can make shorter call.16．Many children like mobile phones because they think mobile phones are _________.A. coolB. smallC. cheapD. their toys 17．Many of the mobile phone users in the U.S. are ___________.A. girlsB. boysC. scientistsD. children 18．Some scientists think mobile phones aren’t _________ for users health. They causes some kinds of cancerA. badB. goodC. wrongD. helpful19．The underlined word “threaten” in the passage means ____________.A. 威胁.B. 担心C. 治疗D. 证实20．What should people do to protect themselves from mobile phone radiation?A. Make longer callsB. Use a headsetC. Make shorter callsD. Both B and CThis March, the H7N9 virus (病毒) hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and so on. It seemed that most people who were infected(被感染) with H7N9 had the common flu. Some people suffered from a fever or a cough.Don’t be afraid—it’s not easy to be infected with the virus. Here is some advice to help you protect yourself when it comes.Wash your hands. You need to wash your hands with soap and hot water before you eat, after you use the toilet, and after you touch animals, because your hands may carry viruses.Cover your nose and mouth. When someone sneezes(打喷嚏) or coughs, flu viruses can travel as far as one meter through the air, so you’d better stand a proper distance (距离) while talking to someone who has a cold. And always cover your mouth and nose with a piece of paper when you sneeze or cough, and then clean your hands.Wear a mask(口罩). Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 80%, but ifyou don’t wash your hands often, it’s no use wearing a mask. And it’s necessary to wear the mask in the groups of people.Do sports often. Exercises will help make your body strong enough to resist the virus. 21．When did the H7N9 virus hit Shanghai?A．In March, 2013. B．In May, 2013. C．In March, 2012.22．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．Some people who were infected with the H7N9 virus had a toothache.B．You should cover your mouth and nose with a piece of paper when you sneeze or cough. C．Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 100%.23．How many ways to stop the virus are mentioned in the passage?A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.24．What does the underlined word “resist ” mean in Chinese?A．抵抗 B．传播 C．感染25．What’s the main idea of this passage?A．It tells us how to wash hands.B．It tells us why we should use masks.C．It gives us some advice on how to protect ourselves when the H7N9 virus comes.Carrots(胡萝卜) are grown on farms and in small family gardens all over the world. They are easy to plant and easy to harvest(收获). They have a good taste.When people think about carrots, they usually think they are a kind of long, thin, orange-colored vegetable. In fact, carrots are in many different sizes and shapes. And not all carrots are orange. Carrots should be grown in a field that does not have water for a long time. The earth also should not be too hard. To prepare your carrot garden, dig up the earth and turn it over(翻土). Weather, soil condition(土壤状况), and time affect(影响) the taste of carrots. Warm days and cool nights are the best time to grow great delicious carrots.The best way to decide if a carrot is ready to be harvested is by its color. Usually, the brighter the color is, the better the taste is.Most people do not know that carrots can be grown during the winter months. If the winter is not cold enough to freeze the ground, you can grow carrots the same way as you do during the summer months.Carrots are prepared and eaten in many different ways. They are cut into thin pieces and cooked with other vegetables or meat. Or, they are washed, and eaten just as they come out of the ground. 26．Carrots are easy to plant but hard to harvest.27．Carrots should be grown in a field without water for a long time.28．The best way to decide if a carrot is ready to be harvested is by its size.29．Everyone knows that carrots can be grown during the winter months.30．We can prepare and eat carrots in many different ways.Hi Brad,It’s good to hear from you again. I find that I’m not good at writing compositions. It’s hard for me to prepare the form of a composition and organize sentences. ①Could you tell me how to deal with this problem? I would really appreciate if you offer me some good methods.Best wishes,CindyHi Cindy,A composition is really a story and any story is told to an audience. There is a form for this and it is in three parts. First, tell them(the audience) what you are going to tell them. Then tell them, and finally tell them what you told them. Parts one and three are short and most of the information is in part two. It works like this.Let’s say you are asked to write a 200-word composition about your visit to the Great Wall. Youwould begin with an opening sentence or two saying something like “The Great Wall of China is a national ②landmark that is famous around the world. I visited it last summer and I want to tell you about it.” That uses about 25 words to tell them what you are going to tell them.The second part would be about 150 words and would contain information about the Great Wall such as how long it is, when it was built, who built it and why, the fact that it is one of the seven wonders of the world and you would talk about how you felt and what you thought when you visited this national treasure. This is telling them.Finally, you would use about another 25 words to say something like “That was my first visit to the Great Wall and it was a very emotional experience to actually touch something so old and famous. ③每个中国人至少参观长城一次.I plan to go back whenever I can.”Here, you are telling them what you told them in the story and wrapping it all up into a neat package. This formula(惯例)works for both compositions and speeches and I think you will find it helps to organize your thoughts. I hope it’s helpful.Best wishes,Brad Franklin 31．将文中①处的画线部分翻译成汉语：.32．(A) 试写出文中②处画线部分landmark的汉语意思：.(B)下面有四个在文中出现的单词，请找出画线部分发音哪个与众不同? .A. workB. wordC. informationD. world33．将文中③处的汉语翻译成英语：.34．从文中找出适当的词组填空：How I wish to get a letter from you soon!How I wish to _________ _________ you soon!35．用英语回答问题：What’s the main idea of the passage? .When you look up into the sky at night, have you ever felt that your eyes are playing tricks on (捉弄) you? It seems that the stars are moving all the time.Actually, there is nothing wrong with your eyes. This twinkling effect is called scintillation (交光). Scintillation happens because of air movements in the earth’s atmosphere (大气). Light is “bent (弯曲的)” when it travels through different parts of the earth’s atmosphere. As the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, if you look at the road, the image in the distance is not clear and things move slightly. You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. A telescope (望远镜) was sent into space so that the air movements in the atmosphere could be avoided (避免). It took a long time to build the space telescope but finally in 1990, a huge space telescope called the Hubble Space Telescope was successfully sent into space. Since then, astronomers have many important observations that have helped people understand space better.根据短文容，选择最佳选项。