With的复合结构
with的复合结构
介词with的复合结构一. “with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”构成介词with的复合结构，该结构在句中可作状语和定语。
在with复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。
当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态时，用现在分词；当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态时，用过去分词；当这种主谓关系表示将来意义时，用不定式；当这种主谓关系表示伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。
常见的结构：1. with + 宾语+ 介词短语1) He walked along the street with his hands in his pockets. （用作状语，宾补为介词短语）他手插衣袋沿街走着。
2) A girl stood at the door with an umbrella in her hands. （用作状语，宾补为介词短语）一位姑娘站在门口，手里拿着一把雨伞。
3) There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them. （用作定语，宾补为介词短语）这儿有一排排白色的房子，房前长着树木。
4) She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.（用作定语，宾补为介词短语）她看到一条小溪，两岸长着红花绿草。
5) She left the office with tears in her eyes. （用作状语，宾补为介词短语）她眼里含着泪水，离开了办公室。
2. with + 宾语+ 形容词1) Why did you sleep with the windows open? （用作状语，宾补为形容词）你为什么开着窗子睡觉？2) She sat down with her face pale with pain. （作状语，宾补为形容词）她坐下来，痛的脸色发白了。
3) He used to sleep with the door open. （宾补为形容词）他过去常开着门睡觉。
With的复合结构
She lives in the room with
她住在亮着灯的那个房间里。
the light
burning.
一、With复合结构的构成
2.with + 名词（n.）/ 代词（pron.） + 不ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ式（to do）,动词不定式表示目的，
或将发生而未发生的事。(动作尚未发生）
eg: The Human Genome Project, launched in 1990 with a mission to decode the
我没有事可做，只好睡觉。
一、With复合结构的构成
3.with + 名词（n.）/ 代词（pron.） + 形容词（adj.）
eg:
She lay in bed with her face pale.
她躺在床上，脸色苍白。
He used to sleep with all the windows open.
With的复合结构
5.表示结果
eg:
The battle ended with the enemy defeated. 战斗结束了，敌人被打败了。 They have finished the peace talks with the agreements reached. 他们结束了和谈，达成了协议。
With的复合结构
With的复合结构
With的复合结构有以下5种表现形式，即: 1.with + 名词（n.）/ 代词（pron.） + 分词 (过去分词（done）／现在分词 （doing）)； 2.with + 名词（n.）/ 代词（pron.） + 不定式（to do）； 3.with + 名词（n.）/ 代词（pron.） + 形容词（adj.）； 4.with + 名词（n.）/ 代词（pron.） + 副词（adv.）； 5.with + 名词（n.）/ 代词（pron.） + 介词短语（prep. phrase）。 With的复合结构在句子中可作定语或状语。
with复合结构的常见形式
with复合结构的常见形式1.“with+名词/代词+介词短语”。
The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm. (那人在街上走着，腋下夹着一本书。
)2. “with+名词/代词+形容词”。
With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it’ll rain presently. 天气这么闷热，十之八九要下雨。
3. “with+名词/代词+副词”。
The square looks more beautiful than even with all the light on. 所有的灯亮起来，广场看起来更美。
4. “with+名词/代词+名词”。
He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul. 他走了，妻子十分伤心。
5. “with+名词/代词+done”。
在此结合中，过去分词和宾语是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。
With this problem solved, neomycin 1 is now in regular production. 随着这个问题的解决，新霉素一号现在已经正式产生。
6. “with+名词/代词+-ing分词”。
此结构强调名词是-ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行。
He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him. 全班同学看着他，他感到更不自然了。
7. “with+宾语+to do”。
此结构中，不定式和宾语是被动关系，表示尚未发生的动作。
So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops. 由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。
现在分词作状语表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
with 的复合结构和独立主格
1 With 的复合结构（with+ 复合宾语）with+ 复合宾语结构常作原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。
With + 名词/代词+名词With + 名词/代词+形容词With + 名词/代词+副词With + 名词/代词+介词短语With + 名词/代词+不定式（to do/ to be done 表示动作将要做 , 若句中主语发出动作，用to do , 若句中主语不发出这一动作，则用to be done With + 名词/代词+现在分词 (doing/ being done 表示动作与谓语动词同时进行，若是with 后的名词/代词发出动作，即所谓的主动，则用doing ; 若是被动，则用being done )With + 名词/代词+过去分词 (动作已结束，动词与前面名词/代词的关系是被动)He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.She used to sleep with the windows open.She used to sleep with the light on.She came in, with a book in her hand.With all the work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.With the boy leading us, we soon found the house.With the house being painted, we can’t move in.With everything I needed bought, I left the shop.2 独立主格结构一般来说，我们把With 复合结构中的with 去掉，就成了独立主格结构了。
如： She slept, the windows open.The prisoner stood there, his hands raised. ( 可以这样理解：hand 是被举起的，表示被动和完成)Time permitting, We ‘ll go for a picnic.(time和permit 是主动关系)She came in, book in hand. (注: book 和hand 之前不加任何代词或冠词，这与with 复合结构不同)还有不同的是，独立主格中出现了beingIt being a fine day, we decided to go swimming.There being no bus, I had to go home on foot.这两句话中的being 是由动词be 变来的，可以这样想：独立主格也是状语，所以不能使用谓语动词。
With的复合结构
4 with + 名词/代词 +不定式 Eg: With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领 路) With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday. 因为有很多工作要做，我没时 间度假。 With many new words to remember, she will stay up tonight. 由于要记很多生词，她今 晚打算熬夜。 注：用不定式这一结构时，表示得是将要发生的事情。 5 with + 名词/代词 +V-ing Eg: With the little boy leading the way, we found the house easily. 因为有小男孩带路， 我们很容易就找到了那个房子。 With nobody watching TV, I switched off it. 由于没人看电视，我就把电视关了。 I’d like to see the new film with time permitting.如果时间许可，我想看那部新电影。 With the machine helping us, we could finish the work on time. 由于有机器的帮助，我们能按时完成任务。 She lives in the room with the light burning.她住在亮着灯的那个房间里。
9.________two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004年北京卷) A. B. Besides √ With C. As for D. Because of 10. It was a pity that the great writer died________ his work unfinished. (2004年福建卷) A. for B. C. from D. of √ with
With的复合结构超全
3.with + 宾语 + 介词短语
The teacher came in with a book in his hand. 老师手里拿着书走进来。
The girl looked up with tears in her eyes. 那女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起头。
4.with + 宾语 + 名词 They set up a football team, with Tom their head. 他们建立了一支足球队，汤姆当队长。 With a native our guide, we needn't be afraid to get lost. 有本地人当向导，我们不必担心会迷路。
5.with + 宾语 + 现在分词 （主谓关系） With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter. 随着夏天的到来，天气越来越热。 With the teacher standing beside， she felt a bit uneasy . 老师站在旁边，她觉得有点不自然。
“with复合结构”，即
“with + 宾语 + 补足语”，
在英语中，特别是在书面语中是一个很 常用的结构，它既可以充当状语，又可 以充当定语。由于“with复合结构”在 逻辑上是一个主谓关系完整的结构，因 而，它也可以用相应的从句或分句代替。
一、“with复合结构”的构成
with + 宾语 +
形容词 副词 名词 介词短语 v-ing 主动、进行 v-ed 被动、完成 to do 将要发生
1.with + 宾语 + 副词 The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都亮时，广场显得更加美丽。 With his parents away, Tom becomes more naughty.
高中英语with 的复合结构
1)He sat there thinking, with his chin__o_n__（prep.在..上）
his hand．
open
2)He stared at his friend with his mouth wide_____(adj.
张开)
3) With production __u_p__（adv.上升）by 60％, the company has had another excellent year .
5) with + n. + adj When he is eating, he doesn’t speak with his mouth full of food.
6) With + n. + adv. He went to bed with the light on.
Exercises:
1.填空
6. With 10 minutes__t_o__g(ogo), you’d better hurry．
7. With so many problems _to__s_o_lv(esolve), the newlyelected president is going to have a hard time.
4)She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child p_l_a_y_in_g(play)beside her．
5.
“I think we can leave Eriksson said．
with
our
heads
_h_e_ld__(hold)high,”
The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.
英语必修一语法——with的复合结构
With 的复合结构：的复合结构：With +宾语+宾补：表明状态、说明背景情况一般在句中做伴随，方式，原因，条件状语。
宾补：表明状态、说明背景情况一般在句中做伴随，方式，原因，条件状语。
With my son a baby, I came back to work. With a dream in my heart, I worked very hard. With a lot of work to do, I always forget to miss him. With the night falling, I began to miss him. With everything done, I went to bed. With the light off, I held my telephone and saw his photos. With my eyes red, I fell asleep. 可以看出可以看出With+宾语+宾补可名词，介词，不定式，现在分词，过去分词，副词，形容词来充当。
各自有相应的特点名表示状态，介词表地点，要做，主动，被动，状态，有相应的特点名表示状态，介词表地点，要做，主动，被动，状态，翻译下列句子：翻译下列句子：1. He died __________________________________. 他死时女儿还是个学生。
他死时女儿还是个学生。
2. She stood at the door,_______________________. 她站在文库，背对着我们。
她站在文库，背对着我们。
3._________________,we are sure to finish the work ahead of me. 有李先生帮忙，我们一定能提前完成工作。
有李先生帮忙，我们一定能提前完成工作。
4. He lay on the grass ___________________________. 他躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。
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With的复合结构with复合结构是学生学习英语时经常接触的句型，也是高考考查的热点。
.一、with复合结构的构成with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式。
且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
with复合结构的位置可置于主句前、主句末或主句中。
1. with + 宾语+ 介词短语He came out ,with __________________________________.He was asleep with _____________________________________.2．with + 名词+ 形容词（强调名词的特性或状态）With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it 'll rain presently.天气这么闷热，十之八九要下雨。
With ___________________________, we start to work.He watched the scene, with ________________________________.3.With + 名词+ 副词With ___________________________.we've got more room.The naughty boy stood before the teacher with ________________________________.4. With + 宾语+ 过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)All the afternoon he worked with ____________________________.He lay in bed with___________________________________.5. With + 宾语+ 现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)With winter coming on ,it's time to buy warm clothes.He fell asleep,with____________________________________.With ______________________________, they formed a line.6.with + 宾语+ to do(不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义)In the afternoon, with _______________________________, I went on a round of the bookshops. 由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。
I can't go out ,with __________________________________________.二、with复合结构的作用with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。
请阅读下面的句子。
（1）表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
如：With__________________________，we will be able to finish the task in time．=If you help us，we will be able to finish the task in time．如果你帮助我们，我们就能及时完成这个任务。
（2）表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
如：I won't be able to go on holiday with___________________________.=As my mother is ill, I won't be able to go on holiday. 由于我妈妈病了，我不能去度假了。
（3）表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
如：With __________________________，we went home．=After the work had been done，we went home. 工作做完后，我们就回家了。
（4）表示伴随，相当于一个并列句。
如：The boy sat at the corner，with __________________________in his eyes．=The boy sat atthe corner，and tears were welling up in his eyes．小男孩坐在角落里，眼中含满泪水。
（5）表示方式，相当于一个并列句。
如：He was asleep with ____________________________．=He was asleep and his head was on his arms．他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
with 复合结构还可以作定语Anyone with its eyes in his head can see it’s exactly like a rope.任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。
From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.三、几点说明：1.with结构在句子中的位置：with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。
若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。
2.with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别：在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。
例如：With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.（小男孩已领过路）With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.（寝室被关着）With的复合结构练习1.He lay there ,______________________________________________. (look)他躺在那儿，眼睛盯着天空。
2._________________________________________, the manager feels as busy as a bee. (deal)有如此多事情要处理，经理感觉非常忙。
3.The students raised their heads ,____________________________________________.(full)学生们抬起头，眼里充满了好奇。
4.The woman_______________________________________ is Li Ping’s mother. (arm)抱小孩的那个人女是李平的母亲。
5.____________________________________，she had to stay at home alone. (out)因为她的姐姐出去了，她只得独自呆在家里。
6.______________________________________, we can't afford luxuries. (go)由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。
7.___________________________________in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.(turn)在这样令人害怕的情况下，没有人可以求助，她感到很无助。
8.The city shows its new appearance to people ,__________________________________improve the environment.（measure）政府采取措施改善了环境，这座城市向人们展示了它的新面貌。
9.The thief was brought in , ________________________________________. (tie)那个小偷被带了进来，手被绑在背后。
10.______________________________________________,we get more shades. (grow)这棵树长高了，我们获得了更多的阴凉。
11.He felt more nervous ___________________________________________. (stare)全班都盯着他，他感到更紧张了。
12.We human beings could not survive ________________________________________.(around) 没有周围所有的动物和植物，我们人类就无法生存。
13.Don't speak__________________________________. (full)当你满嘴食物的时候，不要说话。
14.I live in the house_________________________________________________. (face) 我住在一幢门朝南开的房子里。
15.It was a pity that the great writer died________________________________________.(finish) 遗憾的是那位大作家去世了，留下未完成的作品。
16.______________________________________, I realize the importance of study. (pass)随着时间的流逝，我意识到了学习的重要性。
17.__________________________________________________________,the beautiful garden attracted many villagers. (plant)许多花栽种在房子周围，这座美丽的花园吸引了很多村民。