英语句子成分分析
英语句子成分分析必备(超实用)
句子成分分析一、主语主语是放在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分。
一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句充当。
【一般放在句首】1、English is very important.（英语是很重要的）2、A tree has fallen across the road.（一棵树倒下横在马路上）3、Little streams feed big rivers (小河流入大江)1、You’re not far wrong.（你差不多对了）2、He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑)3、They go to school by bus.（他们乘公共汽车去上学）4、Most of the students come from the countryside.（大多数的学生来自农村）1、Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. (看太多的电视对你的眼睛有害的)2、It’s no use regretting it.（后悔是没有用的）3、Smoking is bad for you. (吸烟对你有害)4、To see is to believe.（眼见为实/百闻不如一见）5、It is very hard to get to sleep.（入睡很难。
）6、To find your way can be a problem.（你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
）7、It would be nice to see him again. （如能见到他，那将是一件愉快的事。
）1、Three is enough. (三个就够了)2、Four from seven leaves three.（7减4还剩3）1、Whenever you are ready will be fine. （你无论什么时候准备好都行。
）2、Because Sally wants to leaves doesn’t mean that we have to.（不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。
英语句子成分分析
代词作主语
• They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 • Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数 学生来自农村。
动名词作主语
• Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对 你的眼睛是有害的。 • It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
表语
• 表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结 构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般 由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不 定式、分词等充当。如：
• They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。 • What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这 点。 • Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。
• Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝 的东西吗？ • A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。 • A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之 将死，其言也善。 • The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。 • Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？
• Why don’t you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理 发? • He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。 • I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被 人偷去了。 • I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。 • She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣 服穿。 • He made me repeat the story. 他要我把那事重讲 一遍。 • Rain makes plants grow. 雨水使植物生长。
英语句子成分分析
句子成分句子成分：组成句子各个部分叫句子成分。
包括主语，谓语，表语，宾语，定语，状语，宾语补足语，同位语，插入语。
一、主语(subject)：表示动作的发出者或执行者，由名词，代词，数词，动名词，不定式，the +adj.充当。
一般位于句首，在there be句型，疑问句和倒装句中主语放在动词，助动词，情态动词之后。
The boy comes from America. (n.)She often helps others. (pron. )This is an English book. (pron.)Two and two is four. (数词)Taking exercise is good for our health. (动名词)To be a doctor is my dream. (不定式)It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）The rich should help the poor. ( the+adj. )Where do you come from? （疑问句）Do you have any brothers? （疑问句）There are many people in the supermarket. (倒装句)Here comes the bus. (倒装句)二、谓语(predicate)：表示主语的动作，行为或状态，由动词或动词短语充当。
谓语动词和主语必须保持人称和数的一致。
在一个单句里，没有连词的情况下只能出现一个动词作谓语。
系动词(be, look, sound, taste, smell, fell等)行为动词及物动词，接宾语动词不及物动词，不接宾语(加介词后可带宾语)情态动词不单独作谓语，必须和动词原形连用助动词不单独作谓语，和动词一起构成疑问或否定句1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
英语语法句子成分分析
知识精讲二、细讲：主语表现形式例句三、谓语四、表语五.宾语1.宾语的分类六、定语巧学妙计：一般来说，单个形容词、分词、代词、数词或名词作为定于位于被修饰的名词的前面，叫做“前置定语”；副词、介词短语、形容词短语、分词短语、不定式（短语）和定语从句作定语位于被修饰的名词的后面，叫做“后置定语”。
七、状语1. 状语的分类八、补语九、同位语练习与巩固一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、分析下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6.He made it clear that he would leave the city．7. ---I love you more than her，child ．8. Tees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open.10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.三.划分句子成分练习1.They are working on the farm now.2.Seeing is believing3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much4.She became a doctor in 19985.The book lying on the floor are mine6.Suddenly it begins to rain7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday8.I always find her happy9.He wonders If I still study English10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine11.We always work hard at English.12.He said he didn't come.13.She watched her daughter playing the piano.14.Speaking doesn't mean doing.15.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.16.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.17.It takes me an hour to get there.四、选择填空：( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather ____.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold ( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded学习好资料欢迎下载( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we( )7. He found the street much ______.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly ( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked ( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A.thatB. whenC. in whichD. Where四、1~5 CBDBB 6~10 ACBAB。
英语句子成分分析
英语句子成分分析英语句子成分分析是语法研究的重要内容之一。
它主要通过对英语句子的结构和语义进行分析，来揭示句子中各个成分之间的关系和作用。
下面我将为您详细阐述英语句子成分分析的相关知识。
一、名词短语（Noun Phrase）名词短语是由名词充当中心词，再加上其他修饰词来构成的短语。
名词短语可以作为句子的主语、宾语、补语等。
1. 主语（Subject）主语通常是句子的中心成分，它指出动作的执行者或者是表达状态的主体。
例句：The cat is sleeping.翻译：猫正在睡觉。
2. 宾语（Object）宾语是句子中受到动作影响的对象，它常跟在动词之后。
例句：I like apples.翻译：我喜欢苹果。
3. 补语（Complement）补语是用来补充说明主语或宾语的信息，起到对主谓关系进行补充和修饰的作用。
例句：She is a teacher.翻译：她是一位老师。
二、动词短语（Verb Phrase）动词短语是以动词为核心，并包含了与之相关的其他成分，如副词、介词短语等。
1. 谓语动词（Predicate Verb）谓语动词是句子中的核心成分，它直接说明主语的动作或状态。
例句：He is running.翻译：他正在跑步。
2. 直接宾语（Direct Object）直接宾语是跟在及物动词后面，指出受到动作影响的对象。
例句：She loves flowers.翻译：她喜欢花。
3. 间接宾语（Indirect Object）间接宾语是在及物动词之后，介词之前，用来指示动作的对象。
例句：He gave me a book.翻译：他给了我一本书。
三、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase）形容词短语是由形容词作为中心词，并可以加上其他修饰词来修饰名词或代词。
例句：The tall girl is my sister.翻译：那个高个子的女孩是我的姐姐。
四、副词短语（Adverb Phrase）副词短语是由副词作为中心词，并可以有其他修饰词来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
英语句子成分详细分析
一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
英语句子成分分析
1英语句子成分讲座·主语 句子一般要有主语。
在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。
动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用充当。
动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。
作形式主语。
■名词作主语名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
■代词作主语代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
他们乘公共汽车上学。
Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来自农村。
大多数学生来自农村。
■动名词作主语动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
后悔是无用的。
■动词不定式(短语)作主语作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
眼见为实。
It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。
入睡很难。
2.英语句子成分讲座·谓语谓语必须由动词充当，谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、但动词不定式、但动词不定式、动名词、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。
分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。
可作谓语的可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
■及物动词作谓语及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
英语句子成分分析
英语句子成分1英语句子成分·主语句子一般要有主语。
在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。
动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。
■名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
■代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
■动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
■动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。
2.英语句子成分·谓语谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。
可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
■及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。
■不及物动词作谓语He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。
Y ou’re drivi ng too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
■连系动词表状态He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。
Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。
3.英语句子成分·表语表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。
如：They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。
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语
语
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
• Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） • She went out in a hurry. （代词） • Four plus four is eight. （数词） • To see is to believe. （不定式） • Smoking is bad for health. （动名词） • The young should respect the old（. 名词化的形容词） • What he has said is trueestion.
A. rose rise
B. raised rise
C. rose raise
D. raised raise
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. （名词 ） She didn't say anything. ( 代词） How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you.（动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
• Do you smell something burning?
• He made himself known to them.
• She asked me to lend her a hand.
同位语
位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old. 名词 He himself will do the experiment. 代词 He is the oldest among them four. 数词 He told me the news that our team won the game. 从句
you have had, you must _______ the
people heart and soul.
A. serve
B. serve for
C. serve to
D. serve on
2. The pupil ___ his right hand,
obviously hoping to _____ to answer
（六）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾 语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足， 使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
• I found the book interesting.
• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语. • He gave me some books.
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
（四）表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语 1. The war was over. 2. They seem to know the truth. 3. Time is precious. 4. I’m not quite myself today. 5. That remains a puzzle. 6. I don’t feel at ease.
句子成分
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成 分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、 补足语、同位语
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓↓
↓
主谓 定 宾 同
状
语语 语 语 位
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征 • 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 • I saw the flag on the top of the hill? • He looked after two orphans. • 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English well. • She doesn’t seem to like dancing
• His spoken language is good. (过去分词)
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?
4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
station. 宾语+宾补
句子类型
• 句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：
He is six years old. She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class. 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
Look at me carefully!
类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed...
既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动 词，其意义不变。 如begin 都是作“开始”讲。 Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve...
系动词
1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词 keep, remain, stay 例如： He always kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look,
例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
（六）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 • I will be back in a while. • They are playing on the playground. • He was late because he got up late. • He got up so late that I missed the train. • I waited to see you. • He often went to school by bus. • His parents died, leaving him an orphan. • Please call me if it is necessary. • This book is very interesting.
易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：
误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题 误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人 误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事
误：knock the door 正：knock on [at] the door 敲门 误：operate sb. 正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术 误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事 误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
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句子成份练习
1、You should study hard. 状语 2、The teacher got very angry. 表语 3、The boy told me his story. 间语+直宾 4、We elected him our monitor. 宾语+宾补 5、I told him to open the window. 宾语+宾补 6、We watched the train leaving the