挤奶厅管理与效率

泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
心脏
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房
脑垂体
心脏
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房
脑垂体
心脏
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房
脑垂体
心脏
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
Biblioteka Baidu
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房
秒释放催产素。
After the stimulation, there is a Delay Time until the hormone arrives and effect the udder. Delay time should be between 60–90 sec. 刺激后，有一个延迟，直到激素到达作用于乳房。 延迟时间在60-90秒。
There are a few delaying factors we need to avoid. 几个需要避免延迟的因素
26
Milk Let Down depends on cow physiology, Nutrition and behavior in the milking parlor 奶厅奶牛放乳依靠牛只生理状况、营养水平及行为 Cow Physiology牛只生理状况 Sphincter Muscle Tonus括约肌收缩 Levels of Hormones (Progesterone and estrogen) 激素水平（ 孕酮和雌激素） Flow of Oxytocin in the blood催产素在血液中的流速 Nutrition营养水平 Minerals such as Magnesium, Cobalt, manganese affect the Oxytocin response. (Hypomagnesaemic tetany) Cow Physiology牛只生理状况
镁、钴、锰等矿物元素对催产素反馈的影响
Delaying Factors
Adrenalin cancels the effect of Oxytocin. Nervous cows may hold milk for up to 12 min
肾上腺素影响催产素。神经紧张的牛只挤奶时间可延长超过12分钟
Protect the udder from Bacteria
防止细菌感染乳房
The Anatomy of Milking
Milk is created in the Alveolic Sacs and released to the Udder Cistern when Oxytocin arrives at the tissue. 当催乳素作用到组织，牛奶产生于乳腺泡并释放到乳池中 Oxytocin travels in the blood stream and it takes it between 60 – 90 sec to affect the udder. 催乳素需要60-90秒，通过血液循环作用到乳房 Cisternal milk is harvested by opening the teat canal, blocked by the Sphincter muscle 通过乳池汇集乳头管的牛奶
5
Physiology of the Udder 乳房生理结构
It takes approx. 380 liters of Blood to produce 1 liter of Milk 分泌1公斤牛奶大约需要380公斤血液
How much Blood does it take to make 1 liter of Milk? 分泌1公斤牛奶所需要的血液
脑垂体
心脏
Stimulation to let down = 1 minute Oxytocin only lasts 5 minutes
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房 脑垂体
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
心脏
Prep Time挤奶准备工作
挤奶准备 10－20秒/牛 套杯
套杯等待： 40－70秒/牛
保持挤奶环境（乳头）的清洁。防止牛只感染乳房炎。
29
Building a Milking Procedure挤奶程序的设定
• Minimize water use. Remove all dirt from teat surfaces减少用水。 首先擦去乳头表面的污垢。 • Focus attention on teat surfaces Use a sanitizer (i.e. prep-dip) 集中采用消毒乳头（如：挤前药浴） • Assure complete pre-dip coverage of teat surfaces 确保消毒液浸没整个乳头表面 • Allow pre-dip 30 seconds contact time挤前药浴使消毒剂在乳头停滞30秒 • Provide a minimum let down stimulus (teat massage, fore-stripping, teat drying) of 10-20 seconds 提供10-20秒适量的放乳刺激（乳头按摩、挤头把奶、清理擦拭） • Provide a prep-lag time of 60 –90 seconds提供60-90秒的延迟时间 • Minimize machine-on time套杯时间最短化 • Minimize variation between milkers避免挤奶工间的变动
afimilk®
Parlor Monitoring & Milking Efficiency
挤奶台效率和挤奶监控
AfiFarm™
Management Tools
阿菲牧软件——高效的牧场管理工具
S.A.E. Afikim Training Department Pinhas Pat Gur
1
Milking Efficiency 挤奶效率
53L. MILK/DAY EQUALS 21,198L ONE TANKER OF BLOOD PUMPED THROUGH THE UDDER 日产量为53公斤牛奶需要21,198升血液 相当于一个奶罐车的容量
团队Team
Together Everyone Achieves More!!
Structure of the udder 乳房结构
Attachment Sequence Report套杯顺序报告
Detailed Report – Monitoring milking procedure.详细报告-监测挤奶顺序
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房
脑垂体
心脏
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房
脑垂体
心脏
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房
脑垂体
心脏
Let down hormone (oxytocin) goes to udder in blood (39-44)
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房 脑垂体
8
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房
脑垂体
心脏
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房
脑垂体
心脏
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房
脑垂体
心脏
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
催乳素经由血液抵达乳房
脑垂体
心脏
泌乳刺激经由神经系统 传输到大脑和垂体
10
19
29
39
49
59
Cow 1 套杯Attach
Cow 2 套杯Attach
Cow 3 套杯Attach
Cow 4 套杯Attach
Cow 5 套杯Attach
Cow 6 套杯Attach.
Cow 7 10sec Prep
--
8
6
7
7
7
31
Loads Attachment队列套杯
Loads Attachments – Summary report of every load in the session 队列套杯-奶厅站台每次套杯汇总
What is The main idea? 主要目的？
How did it all start? 挤奶效率的重要性？
– Increasing parlor throughputs (Large dairies & number of cows) – 提高挤奶台的挤奶速度（大牧场&大牛群） – The correlation between milking time and udder health – 挤奶时间与乳房健康的关系 – Industry opinion leaders ？ – 行业主张？
Tissue where milk is produced
泌乳组织
Cisternal milk – 10 to 30% of milk
乳池:10－30% 的奶量
Sphincter: The door to the outer world. Protect the udder from external invaders 乳头括约肌：保护乳房 不受感染
Example of Procedure from the University of Minnesota 明尼苏达州大学的例子
Building a Milking Procedure 挤奶程序的设定
Cow 1 10sec Prep Cow 2 10sec Prep Cow 3 10sec Prep Cow 4 10sec Prep Cow 5 10sec Prep Cow 6 10sec Prep
27
Timing挤奶时间
Udder stimulation causes the release of Oxytocin to the blood stream.刺激乳房使其释放催产素 The Time of stimulation depends on cow breeds. Holstein cows need 10-20 sec stimulation to release Oxytocin. 刺激时间依赖于牛只品种。荷斯坦奶牛需要10-20
To achieve this cooperation, treat the cow 要达 properly 要完成该合作，必须善待牛只
Three Basic Rules三个基本原则
Keep your cows comfortable and relaxed during milking保证牛只舒适放松 Stimulate properly before milking 挤奶前合理刺激
挤奶准备到套杯 间隔60－90秒/牛
套杯前，挤奶准备工作和套杯等待时间
22
泌乳刺激后， 腺泡里的奶排出， 进入乳导管
挤奶前， 泌乳腺泡充盈牛奶， 腺泡开口封闭
腺泡充盈
乳腺细胞
第一阶段
第二阶段
The Anatomy of Milking挤奶过程剖析
To harvest the milk from the udder, you must have the cow‘s cooperation 要从牛乳房中挤奶，必须和牛进行合作。
Objectives in designing a Milking Procedure 设置挤奶程序的目的
Shorten milking time to protect the cows’ udder and increase parlor throughput. 缩短挤奶时间可以保护牛只乳房和提高产量 Reduce the time of cluster on cow without milk flow. 缩短低流速时间 Protect your cows from Mastitis. Keep milking environment (teat) clean.
4
Monitoring Milking Efficiency挤奶台监控效率
The data provides control and follow up of: 可提供的信息： • Parlor Performance • 挤奶台工作效率 • The Milking Routine 挤奶操作流程 o Milkers’ performance 挤奶工的工作情况 • Milking Equipment 设备的运行情况