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UNIT 1Economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. Global village: All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet.Melting pot: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities. Cultural Diversity: refers to the mix of cultures and sub-cultures of a group or organization or region.What are the four trends that lead to the development of the global village? (p8-9)THE CONCEPT OF CULTURECulture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.WHAT ARE THE THREE INGREDIENTS OF CULTURE?1. Artifacts (the material and spiritual products people produce)2. behavior (what they do)3. concepts (beliefs, values, world views…) (what they think)CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURECulture is shared.All communications take place by means of symbols.Culture is learned.Culture is learned, not inherited. It derives from one’s social environment, not from one’s genes. Enculturation(文化习得) : all the activities of learning one’s culture are called enculturation. Culture is dynamic. (pg. 6)Culture is subject to change. It’s dynamic rather than static, constantly changing and evolving under the impact of events and through contact with other cultures.Acculturation(文化适应): the process which one adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures.Culture is ethnocentric(文化中心主义).Ethnocentric is the belief that your own cultural background is superior.Ethnocentrism: the belief that your own cultural background is superior. COMMUNICATIONCommunication: meaning to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.Intercultural communication: communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event (p.9-10).Components of CommunicationSourceThe source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.EncodingEncoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.MessageThe term message identifies the encoded thought.ChannelThe term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message istransmitted.NoiseThe term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes. Components of CommunicationReceiverThe receiver is the person who attends to the message.DecodingThe receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.Receiver responseIt refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message. FeedbackFeedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.Components of CommunicationContextGenerally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication.CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATIONCommunication is dynamicCommunication is irreversible.Communication is symbolic.Communication is systematic.Communication is transactional.Communication is contextual.UNIT 2-4 VERBAL COMMUNICATIONPragmatics: the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior. Semantics: the study of the meaning of words.Denotation: the literal meaning or definition of a word --- the explicit, particular, defined meaning.Connotation: the suggestive meaning of a word --- all the values, judgments, and beliefs implied by a word, the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning.Taboo: some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.Euphemism: the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.HOW IS CHINESE ADDRESSING DIFFERENT FROM AMERICAN ADDRESSING? (P22-23)UNIT 5 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATIONChronemics: The study of how people perceive and use time.Monochronic time: paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.Polychronic time: being involved with many things at once.Proxemics: the perception and use of space.Kinetics: the study of body languageParalanguage: involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication.MONOCHRONIC VS. POLYCHRONIC (P.97）Monochronic timeMonochronic time means paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.Monochronic time is structured and often rigid. Everything is scheduled down to the minute and precautions are taken to guard against interruptions.Polychronic timePolychronic time means being involved with many things at once.People and cultures who run on polychronic time multitask well. These people focus on maintaining personal relationships more than completing tasks.UNIT 6 CROSS-GENDER COMMUNICATIONHow is gender different from sex? (p120)GENDER AND SEX ARE NOT SYNONYMOUSSexBiologicalPermanentindividual propertyGendersocially constructedvaried over time and across culturessocial and relational qualityUNIT 6 CROSS-GENDER COMMUNICATIONWhat has influenced the gender socialization? (P.121)There are two primary influences on gender socialization: Family communication, particularly between mothers and children and recreational interaction among children.UNIT 7 (P.138)High-context cultureLow-context cultureUNIT 9A planetary culture: a culture that integrates eastern mysticism with western science and rationalism (p.186).Intercultural person: represents someone whose cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics are not limited but open to growth beyond the psychological parameters of his orher own culture (p.186).What are the American/Chinese cultural values like in terms of Cultural Orientation put forward by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck?Identify the features of each of four Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and use them to analyze the casesIndividualism vs. CollectivismPower DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceMasculinity vs. Femininity每单元练习A. Comprehension CheckB. Questions for DiscussionC. Euphemism UnderstandingE. Cultural Puzzles(Unit 5, E. Discover the meaning of some common gestures in English )。