自固定化光合细菌法处理制胶废水的试验研究 Ⅰ英文

收稿日期:2003-01-21 基金项目:海南省教育厅高等院校科研基金资助项目(Hjsk 9909-1) 作者简介:谢秀祯(1960-),男,海南儋州人,华南理工大学在读博士生,海南师范学院教授,科研方向为微生物生化生态学、工业废水处理.第16卷第2期2003年6月海南师范学院学报(自然科学版)JOURNA L OF H AI NAN NORM A L UNI VERSITY (NAT URA L SCIE NCE )V ol .16　N o .2Jun .2003文章编号:1671-8747(2003)02-0073-06Experimental study on the treatment of rubber w aste w ater withself -immobilized photosynthetic bacteria (Ⅰ)XIE X iu 2zhen 1,2,HAN X iang -hong 1,XIE Shou -yun 1,Y U Wei 1(1.Department of Biology ,Hainan Normal University ,Haikou 571158;2.College of Food and Biological Engineering ,South China University ofTechnology ,Guangzhou 510640,China )Abstract :E x periments were per formed to determ ine the biodegradability of rubber wastewater and evaluate thee ffects of three different biological treatments using self -imm obilized ph otosynthetic bacteria on the C O Dcr rem ovalrate.T he results sh owed that the rubber wastewater had g ood biodegradability and was suitable for being treated byph otosynthetic bacteria.T he C O Dcr rem oving capacity under anaerobic -aerobic condition was higher than that underonly anaerobic or aerobic condition.Under pre -processing and anaerobic -aerobic conditions ,the C O Dcr gross re 2m oval rate was 97.7%,allow ing the e ffluent to meet the National Discharge S tandard of China.K ey w ords :photosynthetic bacteria ;self 2imm obilization ;rubber wastewater ;biodegradability ;wastewatertreatmentC LC number :X 172 Document code :AHainan is the largest natural rubber producing area in China. 2.8×105of dry rubber ,making up60%of the total national output ,is produced annually by 146factories which are distributed all over the island.At the same time ,a large quantity of rubber wastewater is produced ,m ost of which is discharged directly and ,as a result ,the environment is seriously contaminated.Currently ,this wastewater has be 2come one of the three largest industrial pollutants in Hainan Province [1].Therefore ,developing a m ore advanced technology for the treatment of rubber wastewater ,which requires lower construction costs ,low 2er w orking costs and allows the effluent to meet the National Discharge Standard of China ,is a pressing problem for a prom pt s olution.Photosynthetic bacteria (PS B )is an large group of prokary otes which use light as a energy s ource.Since the 1960’s ,many scientists have con firmed that the metabolism of PS B can dramatically cut down on the BOD and C OD in organic wastewater.The concept of using the PS B in the treatment of organic wastewater was introduced first by a Japanese scientist in 1978.Since then ,various wastewaters have been effectively treated [2～7].Many medium and large -scale systems have been put into practice ,s ome of which have been in operation for over ten years ,treating tens ,hundreds ,and even thousands of tons of47海南师范学院学报(自然科学版) 2003年highly concentrated organic wastewater every day.Due to its im portant applied value,it has been receiv2 ing increasingly greater attention and has been studied in succession in Japan,S outh K orea,the United States,Australia,China and s o on.The application of PS B to rubber wastewater has not been previously reported.The objective of this paper is to study the biodegradability and the results of treating rubber wastewater with self-imm obilized PS B using three different biological methods s o as to explore a valuable technology for the treatment of the wastewater.1　Materials and Methods1.1　MaterialsThe rubber wastewater was provided by the Rubber Factory of H ongming Farm of Hainan Province. The preparation of mixed photosynthetic bacteria(PS B)that was used in all experiments was obtained from Aimula Environment Protection Biotech C o.(Nanjing)Ltd.The inoculum was cultured and self-imm obilized on the surface of the cinder support in an acetate medium that contained the following com po2 nents per liter of water:s odium acetate1.5g;s odium propionate0.5g;KH2PO40.5g;K2HPO40.5 g;NH4Cl0.8g;MgS O4・7H2O0.2g;CaCl2・12H2O0.4g;yeast extract0.5g.1.2　Methods1.2.1　Bioreactor and its operationThe bioreactor that was used in all experiments was a vertical glass column,35cm×18cm in diam2 eter,in which the cinder support about5cm in size were filled until25cm in height.Rubber wastewater flowed into the bioreactor through a distributor at the bottom and spilled over by itself.Aeration was per2 formed by an air pum p through a sandy2bar diffuser.In fluent rates and aeration rates were manually con2 trolled with a rotor flowmeter.The whole system was put in a room at normal atm ospheric tem perature of 31±3℃.1.2.2　Self-immobilization and training cultivation of photosynthetic bacteriaThe bioreactor was filled with the PS B preparation and acetate medium in the proportion of1to3, then capped tightly.A fter being cultivated for3to5days under the illumination of an incandescent lam p (approximately1500lx)and anaerobic conditions at31±3℃,training cultivation began with a contin2 uous in fluent of mixed water which contained wastewater and acetate medium at a ratio of1to2in the first batch,and at a ratio of1to1in the second batch.The total v olume of mixed water was14.5liter for each batch.Subsequently continuous treatment of rubber wastewater was started with replacing the mixed water with only rubber wastewater.1.2.3　Analysis methodsThe methods used to determine the parameters of in fluent and effluent are as follows:the chemical oxygen demand(C OD)was determined by the potassium bichromate method;the biochemical oxygen de2 mand(BOD)was determined by the five-day biochemical cultivation method;the NH3-N was m oni2 tored using the capacity method;pH was detected with a Mabolonmeter;the illumination intensity wasmeasured with a JD -3data illuminometer.1.2.4　Dynamic imitation test on treatment of the w aste w ater Dynamic test was conducted continuously in the bioreactor system day and night.The aerobic biore 2actor requires ventilation with an air pum p through a sandy bar diffuser ,and anaerobic bioreactor needs an illumination of 1500Lx provided with incandescent lighting for photosynthetic growth.The rubber wastewater was treated by three different biological methods ,that is ,anaerobic ,aerobic and anaerobic -aerobic treatments.The system was run continuously for 14with 12of hydraulic residence time.One effluent sam ple was taken in the m orning and the other in the afternoon each day to determine its C ODcr.2　R esults and Discussion2.1　The determination of biodegradability of rubber w aste w aterNatural latex consists of rubber hydrocarbons ,water and non -rubber com positions that include pro 2teins ,resins ,carbohydrates and inorganic salts etc.In the process of collection and coagulation ,amm o 2nia water and acetic acid or formic acid are added respectively.S o ,the rubber wastewater is m ore com 2plex in com position.Because of the peculiarities of the rubber wastewater ,a feasibility test must be con 2ducted to see whether the rubber wastewater can be treated effectively by biological methods and by PS B or not.Many methods have been generally adopted to evaluate the biodegradability of industrial wastewater ,such as the determination of BOD 5ΠC ODcr ratio ,oxygen consum ption of microorganism respi 2ration ,rem oval efficiency of pollutant in the wastewater ,of which BOD 5ΠC ODcr ratio is the m ost com 2m only used.In order to obtain the BOD 5ΠC ODcr ratio of the rubber wastewater ,when the BOD 5of a sam 2ple was determined ,the C ODcr of the same sam ple was measured.The BOD 5ΠC ODcr ratio calculatedfrom the results is 0.46.This indicates that the rubber wastewater has g ood biodegradability [8].Although this method is sim ple and convenient and the result is clear ,the result cannot be used as the s ole criteri 2on.As a second criterion ,the pollutant rem oval rate from the wastewater was determined s o as to achieve a m ore intact and exact conclusion.The result (shown in Fig.1)indicated that ,within the concentration range from 10%to 20%,the organic substance in the rubber wastewater was rem oved effectively by PS B preparation ,and 30%rubber wastewater resulted in certain inhibition for PS B ,but after aerating 2h ,the C ODcr rem oval rate still reached 40%,s o the inhibition was not very obvious.This means that PS B is suitable for the treatment of rubber wastewater [9].2.2　Self -immobilization and training cultivation of photosynthetic bacteriaThe self -imm obilization of PS B on the surface of support is one of the key techniques that deter 2mine the effectiveness of this treatment method.Cinders were put into the glass container and used as the support of PS B.A fter being cultivated for 3to 5d ,the PS B adhered to and formed a purple thin layer of bacterial film on the surfaces of cinder supports.This is due to s ome species of PS B that can excrete po 2lysaccharides that permit self -imm obilization of PS B.In order to let the bacteria in the film adapt to rubber wastewater and give rise to symbiosis and synergetic effects with the native microorganisms in the57第2期 谢秀祯,等:自固定化光合细菌法处理制胶废水的试验研究(Ⅰ)Fig.1　The process of pollutant rem oval from rubber wastewater by PS Brubber wastewater ,a stabilization process of the bacteria film was performed by an enrichment culture method together with a training culture method.A fter stabilization ,the treating efficiency of rubber wastewater in the bioreactor tended to be stable ,which means that the training culture of bacteria film had been achieved and a research program for the system operation could be conducted.Cinder was selected for this experiment rather than other support materials ,such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA ).The results showed that the bioreactor has a treating capacity of C ODcr v olume load of 2.0kg Πm 3・d and NH 3-N v olume load of 0.1kg Πm 3・d.2.3　Comparison of efficiency in rubber w aste w ater treatment with different biological methodsWhen imm obilized PS B is applied in the treatment of rubber wastewater ,three methods ,namely ,anaerobic ,aerobic ,and anaerobic -aerobic biological treatment are available for selection.In order to explore a method with applied value ,we have used a dynamic imitation testing each case.Their purifica 2tion effect on rubber wastewater is shown in T ab.1.T ab .1　Comp arison of efficiency in rubber w astew ater treatment w ith different biological methodsItemanaerobic method aerobic method anaerobic -aerobic method raw wastewater CODcr Π(mg.L -1) 2800 2800 2800hydraulic residence time Πh 12 12 12ventilation rate Π(L.h -1) — 14.4 14.4in fluent pH 6.30 6.30 6.30effluent pH 7.10 7.30 7.50in fluent CODcr Π(mg.L -1) 535 535 535effluent CODcr Π(mg.L -1) 245 190 60CODcr rem oval rate Π% 55.2 64.5 88.8gross rem oval rate of CODcr Π% 91.3 93.2 97.7From T ab.1,we can see that under the same hydraulic residence time ,88%of C ODcr rem oval rate can be achieved with the method of anaerobic -aerobic biological treatment ,which is the highest re 267海南师范学院学报(自然科学版) 2003年m oval rate am ong the three methods.According to Wang K aijun [10],anaerobic treatment and aerobic treatment has its advantages and disadvantages ,while anaerobic -aerobic treatment has facultative advan 2tages of the other tw o treatments ,and is especially suitable for the treatment of the wastewater resistant to biodegradation.In addition ,the C ODcr of rubber wastewater was reduced from 2800mg ΠL to 535mg ΠL after pre -processing while C ODcr rem oval rate reached 81%.G enerally speaking ,further reduction is difficult ,but after treated with imm obilized PS B using an anaerobic -aerobic treatment ,the C ODcr continued dropping to 60mg ΠL ,and the gross rem oval rate reached 97.7%.This indicates that by using imm obi 2lized PS B rubber wastewater can be m ore effectively treated with hydrolytic -anaerobic -aerobic method.Further researches detailing the parameters are being conducted.3　ConclusionsThe biodegradability of rubber wastewater is g ood ,and photosynthetic bacteria are suitable for the treatment of rubber wastewater.S ome species of PS B can excrete polysaccharides and easily adhere to the surface of supports.Am ong three biological methods ,the anaerobic -aerobic method is the m ost effective for the treatment of rubber wastewater.By using pre -processing and anaerobic -aerobic meth 2od ,the gross rem oval rate of C ODcr is 97.7%.The effluent meets the National Discharge Standard of China.R eferences :[1]　CHE N Bang wen.The current situation and countermeasure of rubber wastewater treatment in Hainan[J ].Environ 2ment and Res ource ,1998,3(2):58-60.[2]　ZHE NG Airong ,C AI Agen ,et al.T reatment and reuse of beer wastewater using the system of photosynthetic bacteriaand S pirulina maxima[J ].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae ,1999,19(1):22-27.[3]　FAN Ling wen ,X U jun ,et al.S tudy on the treatment of s oybean wastewater with photosynthetic bacteria[J ].Journalof Shanxi University (Nat.Sci.Ed.),1999,22(3):283-286.[4]　FAN Ling wen ,ZH ANG Zhaoming ,et al.A pilot test on the treatment of sugar -syrup alcohol ferment wastewaterwith photosynthetic bacteria[J ].China Environmental Science ,1998,18(2):173-175.[5]　LI U Junyi ,et al.A preliminary study on citric acid wastewater treatment by photosynthetic bacteria and Candidatropicalis [J ].Journal of Microbiology ,1999,18(3):30-33.[6]　XI Shuqi ,CHE N Min.T reatment of high concentration leather wastewater using photosynthetic bacteria[J ].Journalof Nanjing University of Science and T echnology ,1997,21(5):432-436.[7]　G UO Y anghao ,W ANGDeqiang ,QI U H ongduan ,et al.T 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