托福阅读如何搞清楚事实信息题的题干

托福阅读如何搞清楚事实信息题的题干
众所周知，事实信息题在每1篇文章中的所占比例是比较大的，并且搞定这个题型是考生在托福阅读方面获胜的保障。

所以，本篇文章将和大家分享搞定这个题型的关键是弄清楚这个题型的题干的这个必杀锏。

这个人肿么了嘛?别人都是告诉我们怎么搞到事实信息题的答案，你为何要告诉我们如何搞清楚事实信息题的题干呢?事实信息题就好像是医院里的一类病人一样，题干就是病情表现出来的症状，医生想要解除病人的痛楚，必须对症下药，那么考生想要解决事实信息题，也一定要有的放矢。

因此，找到事实信息题的答案的关键步骤之一，就是必须审清楚题干。

通过分析题干的过程必须弄清楚两个问题：问什么和定位什么，之后答案自然就跳出来了。

可是好多学生就会说：当然是问什么就定位什么啊，也就是说，两者是一回事!
的确，有一部分事实信息题是这样的，问什么就定位什么，之后就可以得到答案。

比如TPO4中的第1篇文章Deer Populations of the Puget Sound中的第1题：Paragraph 1: Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington(B), is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country; it is now restricted to(A) the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer(问并定位) of Puget Sound?
○It is native to lowlands and marshes. (意思相反)
○It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer. (定位句没有出现此信息)
○It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie. (无中生有)
○It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这一道题就非常简单，问什么就去定位什么，之后总结答案即可。

比如问关于哥伦比亚白尾鹿正确的选项，那当然通过白尾鹿去定位就可以，所以答案是D。

但是，还有一部分事实信息题是这样的，问什么和定位什么不是一回事，比如TPO4中的第1篇文章Deer Populations of the Puget Sound中的第6题：
Paragraph 3: The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River on November 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances. They had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk. To keep 40 people alive that winter, they consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. Later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company(A), deer populations continued to fluctuate. David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around
the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states:" The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone(B) [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops(D)."
6. According to paragraph 3, how had Fort Vancouver changed(问) by the time David Douglas returned in 1832(定位)?
○The fort had become the headquarters for the Hudson's Bay Company. (答非所问)
○Deer had begun populating the meadows around the fort. (意思相反)
○Deer populations near the fort had been destroyed.
○Crop yields in the area around the fort had decreased. (错误信息)
这一道题虽然问的是温哥华堡发生的变化，但是为了节省时间和提高做题效率，我们就要通过定位大卫道格拉斯和1832去寻找正确答案。

即使我们定位了倒数第3句出现的温哥华堡，正确答案同样是C。

并且定位太多，有很多考生可能还会认为A是正确的，这样一来，不仅浪费时间，还会影响做题效率。

通过上述，只希望今后在面对事实信息题的时候，能够做到有的放矢，那也就是说必须搞清楚题干：问什么和定位什么。