人教版七年级上册提高培优练习含答案

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人教版七年级英语上册UNIT 3 培优测试卷含答案

人教版七年级英语上册UNIT 3 培优测试卷含答案

人教版七年级英语上册UNIT 3 培优测试卷一、单项选择(每小题1分,共10分)1. This is ____ office and ____ office is not big.A. a; theB. an; theC. the; aD. the; an2. —I'm so sorry to break(打碎) your glass.—It is OK! I just want to ____ it for a new one.A. spendB. meanC. startD. change3. The teacher's desk is ____ the front of the classroom.A. inB. onC. toD. with4. —What a ____ schoolbag!—Yes. It is very different from the others in the shop.A. smartB. specialC. similarD. short5. There ____ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help peopletravel easily.A. isB. areC. wasD. were6. They often play basketball in the ____ after school.A. hotelB. labC. libraryD. playground7. —Who ____ the ads(广告) on the white wall?It is so bad!—I don't know.A. puts upB. puts onC. puts inD. puts down8. —____ is your sister, Lily?—She is next to my grandfather.A. WhereB. WhoC. HowD. What9. —Let's help the old man walk ____ the road.—OK, let's go.A. atB. acrossC. beforeD. above10. —What's your school like?—________.A. It's coldB. We like itC. It's really bigD. Near a farm二、完形填空(每小题1分,共10分)Tom and Fred are classmates. They __11__ both twelve years old. They are in the same class in their school, but they don't like each other. This Friday afternoon they have a fight(打架)in class, and __12__ teacher is very angry(生气的). She says to them, “Stay here after the lessons this __13__,and write your __14__ 100 times(次). ”After the __15__ lesson, all the other students go home, __16__ Tom and Fred stay in the classroom with their teacher. They begin to write __17__ names. Then Fred begins to cry. The teacher looks __18__ him and says, “__19__ are you crying, Fred?” “Because his name is Tom May,and my name is Frederick Hollingsworth. My name is very, very __20__,” Fred says.11. A. are B. isC. beD. am12. A. my B. yourC. ourD. their13. A. morning B. noonC. afternoonD. evening14. A. names B. homeworkC. friendsD. letters15. A. first B. secondC. nextD. last16. A. and B. butC. soD. or17. A. they B. themC. theirD. theirs18. A. after B. inC. forD. at19. A. Why B. HowC. WhatD. When20. A. good B. cleanC. longD. short三、阅读理解(每小题2分,共30分)AAre you fond of the game “Finding Differences”?Here is one about a room. Look at the two pictures. Can the girls find the differences? Let's have a look!Who DifferencesAlice Picture 1: There is no clock on the wall. Picture 2: There is one clock on the wall.Linda Picture 1: There is a box on the desk. Picture 2: There is a computer on the desk.Cindy Picture 1: There is a baseball on the sofa. / There is a telephone on the desk.21. What is the game about?A. A computer.B. A room.C. A book.D. A sofa.22. What does the underlined word “Differences” in the text mean in Chinese?A. 作用B. 特征C. 区别D. 价格23. Alice finds that there is no ____ in Picture 1.A. telephoneB. pencil boxC. computerD. clock24. Who finds that there is a computer in Picture 2?A. Linda.B. Alice.C. Cindy.D. Jenny.25. What does Cindy find?A. There is one clock in Picture 2.B. There is a telephone in Picture 2.C. There is a baseball in Picture 1.D. There is a pencil box in Picture 1.B①I am Alice and I'm a student in Saville Middle School. It's a big and nice school in London. There are 500 boys and 689 girls in my school. They are between 13 and19 years old. The buildings in my school are new.②All the classrooms have two big blackboards, a television and five computers. They help us a lot. So I like to have classes in the classroom.③I like the school library very much. A lot of books are in it. I always read books with my friends there. If (如果) you can't find the book you want, please ask the teachers there for help. They're all nice.④I also like the dining hall. There are a lot of tables and chairs, big televisionsand ping-pong tables. We can watch TV and play ping-pong there.⑤There is a lost and found case(失物招领箱) near the dining hall. If you lose your things, you can put a lost notice with your name and phone number on the bulletin board (布告栏). It can help you to find your lost things.⑥All in all, I love my school.26. How many students are there in Alice's school?A. 500.B. 689.C. 1189.D. 1000.27. Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提及) according to the passage?A. The school library.B. The dining hall.C. The lost and found case.D. The sports hall.28. Who can help you if you can't find the book you want in the school library?A. Your friends.B. The teachers there.C. Your classmates.D. Your parents.29. What is the structure (结构) of the passage?A. ①②/③④⑤/⑥B. ①/②③④⑤/⑥C. ①/②③④/⑤⑥D. ①②③/④⑤/⑥30. What is the best title (标题) for the passage?A. My Favourite BuildingB. My ClassmatesC. My New TeachersD. My SchoolCEric's schoolI study in No. 1 Middle School. The school is big and beautiful. There are many tall trees and colorful flowers. I like the big playground and the library. I like playing with friends in the playground and reading books in the library.The classroom building has 6 floors. My classroom is on the 5th floor. The gymis in front of the classroom building. When it's rainy, we have our PE lessons in the gym.I have lunch at school. The dining hall is next to the gym. I like to have lunch with Ivan. After lunch, we go to the library behind the dining hall. We stay there for half an hour.My father studied in this school 25 years ago. At that time, there was no gym, dining hall or library. When it was rainy, my father couldn't have PE class. Now the school is more and more beautiful. Next year, there will be a swimming pool in the school. Students can have swimming class.31. How is the school?A. It's beautiful.B. It's tidy.C. It's beautiful and tidy.D. It's big and beautiful.32. Where is the classroom building?A. It's in front of the gym.B. It's in the front of the gym.C. It's behind the gym.D. It's next to the gym.33. What does the underlined word “stay” mean in Chinese?A. 待;停留B. 离开C. 参加D. 整理34. Where does Eric go after lunch?A. He goes to the gym.B. He goes to the playground.C. He goes to the library.D. He goes to the classroom.35. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Eric's father was a student here 25 years ago.B. When it rained, Eric's father would get wet(淋湿)in PE class.C. The school will build (建造)a swimming pool next year.D. It is a beautiful school with many tall trees and colorful flowers.四、任务型阅读(每小题2分,共10分)A. GymB. LibraryC. Dining HallD. Teaching BuildingE. Sports FieldWelcome to my new school. The school gate faces south(朝南). The teachers' building is next to the library. Behind the library and the teachers' building,there is a teaching building. My classroom is on the fourth floor of the building. We change seats every week. The science labs are behind the teaching building. We often do experiments there. On the right of the science labs,you can see the dining hall. In front of the dining hall,there is a nice garden with lots of beautiful flowers. The gym is in front of the garden. On rainy days,we do sports in it. The sports field is near the gym, and it's very big. I often spend most of my free time playing basketball with my classmates there. Every Monday we raise the flag there. It's a special way to start the week. I think my school is very nice. I like it very much.阅读短文,完成学校俯瞰图。

部编数学七年级上册专题有理数单元测试(培优提升卷)2023年7上册同步培优(解析版)【人教版】含答案

部编数学七年级上册专题有理数单元测试(培优提升卷)2023年7上册同步培优(解析版)【人教版】含答案

【讲练课堂】2022-2023学年七年级数学上册尖子生同步培优题典【人教版】专题1.19第1章有理数单元测试(培优提升卷)姓名:__________________ 班级:______________ 得分:_________________注意事项:本试卷满分100分,试题共24题.答卷前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、班级等信息填写在试卷规定的位置.一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)在每小题所给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.(2021•荣昌区校级模拟)下列各数中,最小的数是( )A.﹣4B.﹣3C.0D.1【分析】根据有理数的大小比较解答即可.【解析】根据有理数比较大小法则:正数大于零,零大于负数,两个负数绝对值大的反而小,∴0、1不符合题意,∵|﹣4|>|﹣3|,∴﹣4<﹣3.故选:A.2.(2022•连山区一模)下列四个数中,最大的负整数是( )A.﹣1.5B.﹣3C.0D.﹣2【分析】根据题中要求是负整数,﹣1.5,0不符合题意;根据两个负数比较大小,绝对值大的反而小即可得出答案.【解析】题中要求是负整数,﹣1.5,0不符合题意;∵2<3,∴﹣2>﹣3,∴最大的负整数是﹣2,故选:D.3.(2022•聊城)实数a的绝对值是54,a的值是( )A.54B.―54C.±45D.±54【分析】根据绝对值的意义直接进行解答【解析】∵|a|=5 4,∴a=±5 4.故选:D.4.(2020秋•津南区期中)有理数a,b在数轴上的位置如图所示,则下列式子中正确的个数是( )①a+b>0;②a﹣b<0;③|a|﹣|b|>0;④﹣a>﹣b.A.2B.3C.4D.1【分析】先根据数轴得出a<0,b>0,且|a|>|b|,再根据有理数的加减法则逐一判断即可.【解析】由数轴知a<0,b>0,且|a|>|b|,①a+b<0,此结论错误;②a﹣b<0,此结论正确;③|a|﹣|b|>0,此结论正确;④﹣a>﹣b,此结论正确;故选:B.5.(2021秋•蔡甸区期中)已知|a|=2,(b+1)2=25,且a<b,则a+b的值是( )A.﹣2或﹣8B.﹣8或6C.2或6D.2或﹣8【分析】根据绝对值和有理数的乘方求出a,b的值,根据a<b分两种情况分别计算即可.【解析】∵|a|=2,(b+1)2=25,∴a=±2,b+1=±5,∴b=4或﹣6,∵a<b,∴当a=2,b=4时,a+b=6;当a=﹣2,b=4时,a+b=2;故选:C.6.(2021秋•栖霞市期末)在数学课上,老师让甲、乙、丙、丁,四位同学分别做了一道有理数运算题,你认为做对的同学是( )甲:9﹣32÷8=0÷8=0乙:24﹣(4×32)=24﹣4×6=0丙:(36﹣12)÷32=36×23―12×23=16丁:(﹣3)2÷13×3=9÷1=9A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁【分析】先算乘方,再算乘除,最后算加减;同级运算,应按从左到右的顺序进行计算;如果有括号,要先做括号内的运算.【解析】甲:9﹣32÷8=9﹣9÷8=778,原来没有做对;乙:24﹣(4×32)=24﹣4×9=﹣12,原来没有做对;丙:(36﹣12)÷32=36×23―12×23=16,做对了;丁:(﹣3)2÷13×3=9÷13×3=81,原来没有做对.故选:C.7.(2021秋•姑苏区校级期末)如果实数﹣1<a<0,那么a,﹣a,a2,1a自小到大顺序排列正确的是( )A.a<﹣a<a2<1aB.﹣a<a<a2<1aC.1a<a<a2<﹣a D.1a<a2<a<﹣a【分析】用特殊值法比较大小即可.【解析】若a=―1 2,﹣a=1 2,a2=1 4,1a=―2,∵﹣2<―12<14<12,∴1a<a<a2<﹣a,故选:C.8.(2018秋•市北区期中)下面关于有理数的说法正确的是( )A.整数和分数统称为有理数B.﹣a一定是负数C.绝对值相等的两个数互为相反数D.两个有理数的和与积均为负数,那么这两个数绝对值较大的数是正数,另一个是负数【分析】利用有理数的加法,乘法法则,相反数,相反数,以及绝对值的性质判断即可.【解析】A、整数和分数统称为有理数,符合题意;B、﹣a不一定是负数,不符合题意;C、绝对值相等的两个数互为相反数或相等,不符合题意;D、两个有理数的和与积均为负数,那么这两个数绝对值较大的数是负数,另一个是正数,不符合题意,故选:A.9.(2021秋•安居区期末)若a与b互为相反数,c与d互为倒数,m的绝对值为2,则|m|﹣c×d+a bm的值为( )A.1B.﹣2C.1或﹣3D.32或52【分析】根据a与b互为相反数,c与d互为倒数,m的绝对值为2,可以求得所求式子的值,本题得以解决.【解析】∵a与b互为相反数,c与d互为倒数,m的绝对值为2,∴a+b=0,cd=1,|m|=2,∴|m|﹣c×d+a b m=2﹣1+0 m=2﹣1+0=1,故选:A.10.(2019秋•滦南县期中)如图,点A在数轴上表示的数是﹣16,点B在数轴上表示的数是8.若点A以6个单位长度/秒的速度向右匀速运动,同时点B以2个单位长度/秒的速度向左匀速运动.问:当AB=8时,运动时间为多少秒?( )A.2秒B.4秒C.2秒或4秒D.2秒或6秒【分析】设当AB=8时,运动时间为t秒,根据题意列方程即可得到结论.【解析】设当AB=8时,运动时间为t秒,由题意得6t+2t+8=8﹣(﹣16)或6t+2t=8﹣(﹣16)+8,解得:t=2或t=4.故选:C.二.填空题(共8小题)11.(2021秋•建华区期末)国家统计局2021年5月11日公布第七次全国人口普查数据结果:2020年全国人口共141178万人,约占世界总人口18%,仍然是世界第一人口大国,我国人口10年来继续保持低速增长态势.数据141178万人用科学记数法可表示为 1.41178×109 人.【分析】用科学记数法表示较大的数时,一般形式为a×10n,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数,且n比原来的整数位数少1,据此判断即可.【解析】141178万人=1411780000人=1.41178×109人.故答案为:1.41178×109.12.(2021秋•巴彦县期末)计算:﹣(23)2+19= ―13 .【分析】先算乘方,再算加法即可.【解析】﹣(23)2+19=―49+19=―1 3.故答案为:―1 3.13.(2020秋•郫都区校级月考)若|x﹣3|+|y+2|=0,则x= 3 ,y= ﹣2 .【分析】根据非负数的性质列出算式,求出x、y的值即可.【解析】根据题意得,x﹣3=0,y+2=0,解得x=3,y=﹣2,答案为:3,﹣2.14.(2022•蒲城县一模)请写出一个比﹣4.5大的负整数是 ﹣4(答案不唯一) .(写出一个即可)【分析】两个负数,绝对值大的数反而小,所以写出一个符合条件的负整数即可.【解析】∵两个负数绝对值大的数反而小,∴|﹣4.5|>|﹣4|,∴﹣4>﹣4.5.故答案为:﹣4(答案不唯一).15.(2021秋•普陀区校级月考)三个有理数a、b、c之积是负数,其和也是负数;当x=|a| a+|b|b+|c|c时,则x+1= ±2. .【分析】根据a,b,c的积是负数,它们的和是负数,可分a,b,c有两数是正数,一数是负数;或三数是负数的情况进行讨论.【解析】∵a,b,c的积是负数,它们的和是负数,∴a,b,c有两个数是正数,一个数是负数;或三个数均是负数.①当a,b,c有两个数是正数,一个数是负数时,设a,b是正数,c是负数,∴x=1+1﹣1=1,∴x+1=1+1=2,②当三个数均是负数时,x =﹣1﹣1﹣1=﹣3,∴x +1=﹣3+1=﹣2,综上,x +1=±2,故答案为:±2.16.(2021秋•黔东南州期中)在(﹣2)3,﹣(+5),﹣(﹣3),(﹣1)2020,﹣|6|中,负数有 3 个.【分析】根据有理数的乘方、相反数、绝对值、负数的定义解决此题.【解析】∵(﹣2)3=﹣8<0,﹣(+5)=﹣5<0,﹣(﹣3)=3>0,(﹣1)2020=1>0,﹣|6|=﹣6<0,∴负数有(﹣2)3,﹣(+5),﹣|6|,共3个.故答案为:3.17.(2018秋•兴化市校级期中)下列说法:①若a b =―1,则a 、b 互为相反数;②若a +b <0,且ba>0,则|a +2b |=﹣a ﹣2b ;③一个数的立方是它本身,则这个数为0或1;④若a +b +c <0,ab >0,c >0,则|﹣a |=﹣a ,其中正确的是 ①②④ .【分析】根据相反数、绝对值、乘方、有理数的加法法则、有理数的乘法法则解决此题.【解析】①若ab =―1,则a +b =0.根据相反数的定义,符号相反、绝对值相等的两个数互为相反数,那么①正确.②若a +b <0,且ba>0,则a <0,b <0,即a +2b <0,故|a +2b |=﹣a ﹣2b ,那么②正确.③根据乘方的定义,﹣1、0、1的立方均等于本身,那么③不正确.④根据有理数的乘方、加法法则,由a +b +c <0,ab >0,c >0,得a <0,b <0,故|﹣a |=﹣a ,那么④正确.综上:正确的有①②④.故答案为:①②④.18.(2022春•房县期末)我们知道:相同加数的和用乘法表示,相同因数的积用乘方表示.类比拓展:求若干个相同的有理数(均不等于0)的除法运算叫做除方,如2÷2÷2,(﹣3)÷(﹣3)÷(﹣3)÷(﹣3)等,类比有理数的乘方,我们把2÷2÷2记作2③,读作“2的圈3次方”,(﹣3)÷(﹣3)÷(﹣3)÷(﹣3)记作(﹣3)④,读作“﹣3的圈4次方”.一般地,我们把n 个a (a ≠0)相除记作an ,读作“a 的圈n 次方”.根据所学概念,求(﹣4)③的值是 ―14 .【分析】根据新定义内容列出算式,然后将除法转化为乘法,再根据乘法和乘方的运算法则进行化简计算.【解析】(﹣4)③=(﹣4)÷(﹣4)÷(﹣4)=﹣4×14×14=―14.故答案为:―14.三.解答题(共6小题)19.(2021秋•云梦县校级月考)把下列各数分别填入相应的集合:+6,0,﹣8,π,﹣4.8,﹣7,227,0.6,―58.整数集合{ +6,0,﹣8,﹣7 };分数集合{ ﹣4.8,227,0.6,―58 };正有理数集合{ +6,227,0.6 };负有理数集合{ ﹣8,﹣4.8,﹣7,―58 };非负有理数集合{ +6,0,227,0.6 };自然数集合{ +6,0 }.【分析】根据有理数的分类进行填空即可.【解析】整数集合{+6,0,﹣8,﹣7};分数集合{﹣4.8,227,0.6,―58};正有理数集合{+6,227,0.6};负有理数集合{﹣8,﹣4.8,﹣7,―58};非负有理数集合{+6,0,227,0.6};自然数集合{+6,0}.故答案为:+6,0,﹣8,﹣7;﹣4.8,227,0.6,―58;+6,227,0.6;﹣8,﹣4.8,﹣7,―58;+6,0,227,0.6;+6,0.20.(2022春•龙凤区期末)计算:(1)(―12―59+23)÷118;(2)﹣14﹣(―13)2×(﹣3)3﹣(﹣1)2.【分析】(1)将除法变为乘法,再根据乘法分配律简便计算;(2)先算乘方,再算乘法,最后算加减;同级运算,应按从左到右的顺序进行计算.【解析】(1)(―12―59+23)÷118=(―12―59+23)×18=―12×18―59×18+23×18=﹣9﹣10+12=﹣7;(2)﹣14﹣(―13)2×(﹣3)3﹣(﹣1)2=﹣1―19×(﹣27)﹣1=﹣1+3﹣1=1.21.(2021秋•赵县月考)某集团公司对所属甲.乙两分厂下半年经营情况记录(其中“+”表示盈利,“﹣”表示亏损,单位:亿元)如下表.月份七月份八月份九月份十月份十一月份十二月份甲厂﹣0.2﹣0.4+0.50+1.2+1.3乙厂+1.0﹣0.7﹣1.5+1.8﹣1.80(1)计算八月份乙厂比甲厂多亏损多少亿元?(2)分别计算下半年甲、乙两个工厂平均每月盈利或亏损多少亿元?【分析】(1)由图可得出乙厂亏0.7亿元,甲厂亏0.4亿元,由此可得出结果.(2)将甲乙两场每个月的盈利相加即可得出结果.【解析】(1)由图可得出乙厂亏0.7亿元,甲厂亏0.4亿元,∴可得出乙比甲多亏0.3亿元.(2)甲:﹣0.2﹣0.4+0.5+0+1.2+1.3=2.4亿元;乙:1.0﹣0.7﹣1.5+1.8﹣1.8+0=﹣1.2亿元.∴甲平均每月盈利0.4亿元,乙平均每月亏0.2亿元答:八月份乙厂比甲厂多亏损0.3亿元;甲平均每月盈利0.4亿元,乙平均每月亏0.2亿元22.(2018秋•钟楼区校级月考)阅读理解:小红和小明在研究绝对值的问题时,碰到了下面的问题:“当式子|x+1|+|x﹣2|取最小值时,相应的x取值范围是 ﹣1≤x≤2 ,最小值是 3 ”.小红说:“如果去掉绝对值问题就变得简单了.”小明说:“利用数轴可以解决这个问题.”他们把数轴分为三段:x<﹣1,﹣1≤x≤2和x>2,经研究发现,当﹣1≤x≤2时,值最小为3.请你根据他们的解题解决下面的问题:①当式子|x﹣2|+|x﹣4|+|x﹣6|取最小值时,相应x= 4 ,最小值是 4 .②已知y=|2x+8|﹣|4x+2|,求相应的x的取值范围及y的最大值,写出解答过程.【分析】阅读理解:根据线段上的点与线段的端点的距离最小,可得答案;(1)根据线段上的点与线段的端点的距离最小,可得答案;(2)根据两个绝对值,可得分类的标准,根据每一段的范围,可得到答案.【解析】阅读理解:当式子|x+1|+|x﹣2|取最小值时,相应的x取值范围是﹣1≤x≤2,最小值是3,故答案为﹣1≤x≤2,3;(1)当式子|x﹣2|+|x﹣4|+|x﹣6|取最小值时,相应的x=4,最小值是4;故答案为4,4;(2)当x≥―12时y=﹣2x+6,当x=―12时,y最大=7;当﹣4≤x≤―12时,y=6x+10,当x=―12时,y最大=7;当x≤﹣4,时y=2x﹣6,当x=﹣4时,y最大=﹣14,所以x=―12时,y有最大值y=7.23.(2021秋•如皋市期末)定义:数轴上有A,B两点,若点A到原点的距离为点B到原点的距离的两倍,则称点A为点B的2倍原距点.已知点A,M,N在数轴上表示的数分别为4,m,n.(1)若点A是点M的2倍原距点,①当点M在数轴正半轴上时,则m= 2 ;②当点M在数轴负半轴上,且为线段AN的中点时,判断点N是否是点A的2倍原距点,并说明理由;(2)若点M,N分别从数轴上表示数10,6的点出发向数轴负半轴运动,点M每秒运动速度为2个单位长度,点N每秒运动速度为a个单位长度.若点M为点A的2倍原距点时,点A恰好也是点N的2倍原距点,请直接写出a所有可能的值.【分析】(1)①点A到原点的距离为4,根据定义可知点M到原点距离为2,点M在数轴正半轴,进而可求出m.②m<0,则m=﹣2,4﹣(﹣2)=﹣2﹣n得出n的值,再根据定义来判断.(2)设t秒时,点M为点A的2倍原距点,点A恰好也是点N的2倍原距点;由|10﹣2t|=2×4求出t的值,将t代入4=2×|6﹣at|,求出a的所有可能值即可.【解析】(1)①4|m|=2,∴m=±2.∵m>0,∴m=2.故答案为:2.②∵m<0,∴m=﹣2.∵点M为线段AN的中点,∴4﹣(﹣2)=﹣2﹣n,解得n=﹣8.∴ON=8,ON=2OA,故N点是点A的2倍原距点.(2)设t秒时,点M为点A的2倍原距点,点A恰好也是点N的2倍原距点.∴|10―2t|=2×4①4=2×|6―at|②,解①得:t1=9,t2=1.将t1=9代入②得:4=2×|6﹣9t|,解得:a1=89,a2=49;将t2=1代入②得:4=2×|6﹣a|,解得:a3=4,a4=8.故a所有的可能值为:4,8,49,89.24.(2020秋•诸暨市期中)阅读下列材料:|x|=x,x>00,x=0―x,x<0,即当x<0时,x|x|=xx=―1.用这个结论可以解决下面问题:(1)已知a,b是有理数,当ab≠0时,求a|a|+b|b|的值;(2)已知a,b,c是有理数,当abc≠0时,求a|a|+b|b|+c|c|的值;(3)已知a,b,c是有理数,a+b+c=0,abc<0,求b c|a|+a c|b|+a b|c|的值.【分析】(1)对a、b进行讨论,即a、b同正,a、b同负,a、b异号,根据绝对值的意义计算a|a|+b|b|得到结果;(2)对a、b、c进行讨论,即a、b、c同正、同负、两正一负、两负一正,然后计算a|a|+b|b|+c|c|得结果;(3)根据a,b,c是有理数,a+b+c=0,把求b c|a|+a c|b|+a b|c|转化为求a|a|+b|b|+c|c|的值,根据abc<0得结果.【解析】(1)已知a,b是有理数,当ab≠0时,①a<0,b<0,a|a|+b|b|=―1﹣1=﹣2;②a>0,b>0,a|a|+b|b|=1+1=2;③a,b异号,a|a|+b|b|=0.故a|a|+b|b|的值为±2或0.(2)已知a,b,c是有理数,当abc≠0时,①a<0,b<0,c<0,a|a|+b|b|+c|c|=―1﹣1﹣1=﹣3;②a>0,b>0,c>0,a|a|+b|b|+c|c|=1+1+1=3;③a,b,c两负一正,a|a|+b|b|+c|c|=―1﹣1+1=﹣1;④a,b,c两正一负,a|a|+b|b|+c|c|=―1+1+1=1.故a|a|+b|b|+c|c|的值为±1,或±3.(3)已知a,b,c是有理数,a+b+c=0,abc<0.所以b+c=﹣a,a+c=﹣b,a+b=﹣c,a,b,c两正一负,所以b c|a|+a c|b|+a b|c|=a|a|+b|b|+c|c|=﹣[a|a|+b|b|+c|c|]=﹣1.。

人教版七年级上册数学培优提升练习系列

人教版七年级上册数学培优提升练习系列

人教版七年级上册数学培优提升练习(一)学校班级姓名一、选择题(共计24分,每小题4分)1.如图,下列图形全部属于柱体的是()A.B.C.D.2.如图,将Rt△ABC绕直角边AB旋转一周,所得的几何体的主视图是()A.B.C.D.3.9点30分这一时刻,分针与时针的夹角是()A.75°B.105°C.90°D.125°4.下列说法中,正确的有()①过两点有且只有一条直线;②连结两点的线段叫做两点的距离;③两点之间,线段最短;④AB=BC,则点B是线段AC的中点.A.4个B.3个C.2个D.1个5.我国古代名著《九章算术》中有一题“今有凫起南海,七日至北海;雁起北海,九日至南海.今凫雁俱起,问何日相逢?”(凫:野鸭)设野鸭和大雁分别从南海和北海同时起飞,经过x天相遇,可列方程为()A.(9 – 7 )x=1 B.(9 + 7)x = 1 C.11()179x-=D.11()179x+=6.一个正方体的表面涂满了颜色,按如图所示将它切成27个大小相等的小立方块,设x1、x2、x3分别表示一个面,两个面,三个面涂有颜色的小立方块个数,则x1、x2、x3之间的关系为()A.x1 –x2 + x3 = 1 B.x1 + x2 –x3 = 1C.x1 + x3 –x2 = 2 D.x1 –x3 + x2 = 2二.填空题(共计24分,每小题4分)7.(1)35°42′–32°48′=.(2)34°25′×3+35°22′=度.8.从一个多边形的顶点出发,分别连接这个顶点与其余各顶点,把这个多边形分割成八个三角形,这个多边形的边数是.9.甲从O点出发,沿北偏西30°方向走了50米到达A点,乙也从O点出发沿南偏东35°方向走了80米到达B点,则∠AOB=_________.10.某商场购进一批服装,每件进价为200元,由于换季滞销,商场决定将这种服装按标价的六折销售,若打折后每件服装仍能获利20%,则该服装的标价是元.11.现有一个多面体共有12条棱,7个顶点,则它的面数为.12.如图是一个正方体的展开图,正方体的每个面上都写有一个实数,已知相对的两个面上的两数之和相等,则(1)x–y = ;(2)2x – 3y + z的值为.三.解答题(52分)13.(8分)如图,已知四点A、B、C、D,请根据下列语句画图;(1)连结AB;(2)直线BC与射线AD相交于点M;(3)连结BC并延长BC到E,使得2BC=BE.14.(8分)图是一个食品包装盒的侧面展开图.(1)请写出这个包装盒的多面体形状的名称;(2)根据图中所标的尺寸,计算这个包装盒的容积及侧面积.15.直线上有两点A,B,再在该直线上取点C,使BC=12AB,D是AC的中点,若BD=6cm,求线段AB 的长.16.如图,数轴上的点O和A分别表示0和10,点P是线段OA上一动点,沿O→A→O以每秒2个单位的速度往返运动1次,B是线段OA的中点,设点P运动时间为t秒(0≤t≤10).(1)线段BA的长度为;(2)当t = 3时,点P所表示的数是;(3)求动点P所表示的数(用含t的代数式表示);(4)在运动过程中,若OP中点为Q,则QB的长度是否发生变化?若不变,请求出它的值;若变化,请直接用含t的代数式QB的长度.17.如图,已知直线l有两条可以左右移动的线段:AB=m,CD=n,且m,n满足|m﹣4|+(n﹣8)2=0.(1)求线段AB,CD的长;(2)线段AB的中点为M,线段CD中点为N,线段AB以每秒4个单位长度向右运动,线段CD以每秒1个单位长度也向右运动,若运动6秒后,MN=4,求线段BC的长;(3)将线段CD固定不动,线段AB以每秒4个单位速度向右运动,M、N分别为AB、CD中点,BC =24,在线段AB向右运动的某一个时间段t内,始终有MN+AD为定值.求出这个定值,并直接写出t在那一个时间段内.5人教版七年级上册数学培优提升练习(二)学校班级姓名1.如图,已知∠B+∠BCD=180°,∠B=∠D,求证:∠E=∠DFE.2.如图所示,已知∠1+∠2=180°,∠3=∠B,试判断∠AED与∠C的大小关系,并对结论进行说理.3.如图,∠1=∠2,∠3=∠4,∠5=∠6.求证:ED∥FB.4.已知:如图,AB∥CD,∠1=∠2,∠3=∠4.(1)求证:AD∥BE;(2)若∠B=∠3=2∠2,求∠D的度数.5、两组负责生产零件的工人,按计划本月应共生产680个零件,实际第一组超额20%第二组超额15%完成了本月任务,因此比原计划多生产118个零件。

人教版初一上学期数学提高练习题及答案

人教版初一上学期数学提高练习题及答案

人教版初一上学期数学提高练习题及答案以下是一些适合人教版初一上学期数学的提高练习题:
1.选择题
●如果y= x 2 + 2 x +3,那么 yx 的算术平方根是()。

● A. 2 B. 3 C. 9 D. ±3
●直线 AB∥CD,∠C=44°,∠E 为直角,则∠1 等于()。

● A. 132° B. 134° C. 136°
●关于 x 的方程 3x 2+2mx+m=0 无解,则 m 的值为()。

● A. -5 B. -8 C. -2 D. 5
1.填空题
●若△ABC 三条边长为 a,b,c,化简:|a-b-c|-|a+c-b| =__。

●AB∥CD,FE⊥DB,垂足为 E,∠1=50°,则∠2 的度数是_____。

1.解答题
●求下列方程的解:
1.3x 2+2mx+m=0
●在△ABC中,AB=AC,D 是BC 的中点,AC 的垂直平分线交AC,AD,
AB 于点 E,O,F,则图中全等三角形的对数是_____。

●计算 a3 a3 2 的结果是_____。

以上练习题可以帮助你在学习人教版初一上学期数学时进行自我提高。

答案和解析在问题后面。

人教版七年级数学上册期末培优提升训练题

人教版七年级数学上册期末培优提升训练题

人教版七年级数学上册期末培优提升训练题1.东方商场以进价1980元的商品打八折后仍可获利10%,求该商品的标价。

答案:2200元。

2.某商店有两个计算器,售价都为64元,一个盈利60%,另一个亏本20%,这次买卖中该商店赚了多少元?答案:亏了6.4元。

3.XXX在银行一年定期储蓄,年利率为2.25%,取出本息后交纳了13.5元的利息税,求XXX一年前存入银行的本金。

答案:6000元。

4.某乡中学现有学生500人,计划一年后女生增加3%,男生在校生增加4%,这样在校学生将增加3.6%,求该校现有女生和男生的人数。

答案:女生为165人,男生为335人。

6.XXX购买2B铅笔,店主说多买一些打八折,如果买50支比按原价购买便宜6元,求每支铅笔的原价。

答案:每支铅笔的原价为0.3元。

7.某人以4千米/时的速度步行由甲地到乙地,然后以6千米/时的速度从乙地返回甲地,求此人往返一次平均速度。

答案:4.8千米/时。

8.一个画家有14个边长为1米的正方体,他在地面上把它们摆成某种形状,然后把露出的表面涂上颜色,求被涂上颜色的总面积。

答案:82平方米。

9.根据给定的三视图数据,求该几何体的体积。

答案:216立方厘米。

10.求无盖长方体盒子的容积。

答案:120立方厘米。

11.某人特制了4个同样的立方块,并将它们放置成不同的形状,求图中(b)中四个底面正方形中的点数之和。

答案:28个点。

12.已知手表早上9时20分,求时针和分针所成的角的度数。

答案:150度。

13.已知线段AB=10cm,M为AB的中点,在AB所在直线上有一点P,N为AP的中点,若MN=1.5cm,求AP的长。

答案:7.5厘米。

14、从A车站到B车站方向发出的车辆,经过3个车站,即共有4个车站,因此一共有4种不同的车票。

15、根据勾股定理,AC的长度可以通过计算AB和BC的长度得到。

根据勾股定理,$AC=\sqrt{AB^2+BC^2}=\sqrt{5^2+3^2}= \sqrt{34}$,即AC的长度为$\sqrt{34}$,无法确定选项中的任何一个。

(含答案)2020-2021学年人教版数学初一上册期末复习培优提高训练(三)

(含答案)2020-2021学年人教版数学初一上册期末复习培优提高训练(三)

C
A
B
O
D
参考答案
1. B;2. B ;3.A;4.B;5.C; 6.B; 7.-2; 8.5或15㎝;9.15.81; 10.2; 11.(1)原式=1×5-25-5+42
=5-25-5+16 =-9
(2)原式=1-( ×24+ ×24- ×24- ×24) =1-(12+16-18-22) =1-12-16+18+22 =13
(1)3x-7(x-1)=3-2(x+3)
(2) 3y-1 1 5 y 7
4
6
13、已知一个角的补角比这个角的4倍大 ,求这个角的余角
14、如图,点O是直线AB、CD的交点,∠AOE=∠COF=
① 如果∠EOF= 32o,求∠AOD的度数; ② 如果∠EOF= xo ,求∠AOD的度数。
E
F
9、15°48 36 =_______°.
10、a与b互为相反数,那么2020a+2+2020b=_________.
11、计算(1)(-1)2×5+(-1)×52-14×5+(-1+5)2
(- 1 )-( 1 + 2 3 11 ) (2)(-32) 32 2 3 4 12 24
12、解方程:
2020-2021学年七年级数学期末复习培优提高训练(三)
1、计算a+(-a)的结果是( )
A、2a
B、0
C、-a2D、ຫໍສະໝຸດ 2a2、下列说法中正确的有 ( )
① 过两点有且只有一条直线
② 连接两点的线段叫两点的距离
③ 两点之间线段最短
④ 如果AB=BC则点B是AC的中点
A、1个

人教七上培优答案

人教七上培优专项训练参考答案培优专项训练一Starter Unit1Ⅰ.1-5: CDBBCⅡ. 1-6: DABBCA培优专项训练二Starter Unit2Ⅰ.1.C. 2.B 3. B 4.A 5.C 通过阅读对话,我们得知,两个人没有谈到桌子的颜色。

II. 1. meet 2. are; am 3. your; My,is 4. fromⅢ. 1.What 2. What 3. How 4.his 5. She; Her培优专项训练三Starter Unit3I . 1.B 由蒋丽说的话“My ruler is orange.”可知选B。

2.B 由第一句话,李刚询问这支黄色的尺子的主人,和最后两句林涛说尺子是他的。

可以知道。

3.C4.C5.DII. 1. three 2. red; yellow; blue 3. yellow 4. blue 5. redⅢ. Alice:What’s this in English, Frank?Frank:It’s a quilt.Alice:What color is it?Frank:It’s green.Alice:What’s that?Frank:It’s a ruler.Alice:What color is it?Frank:It’s blue.Alice:And what’s this?Frank:It’s an orange orange.培优专项训练四Unit 1 Section AⅠ. 1-5: ABACB 6-10: CDCDDⅡ. 1. your 2. is 3. you 4. Nice 5. too6. May7. Here8. welcomeⅢ.1. My name is Tom./I’m Tom.2. —What’s her name? —Her name is Linda./She’s Linda.3. —Are you Tom?/Is your name Tom? —Yes, I am./ Yes, it is.培优专项训练五Unit 1 Section BⅠ. 1. Alan Smith 2. last 3. your name 4. B 5. CⅡ. 1. Mary 2. No. 22 Green Street, New York 3. 215-8970 4. girl 5. Mary001@ 126. com Ⅲ.1. Her 2. you; I 3. his 4. she; her 5. My 6. your 7. his; he 8. her 9. it 10. itⅣ. My name is Jenny Brown. Jenny is my first name. Brown is my last name. My telephone number is 027-*******.培优专项训练六Unit 2 Section AⅠ. Ⅰ. 1-5: BCBACⅡ. 1.B通过阅读短文,可知有四个人在照片中:my aunt, Jane; my cousins Jeff and Jack; my aunt’s little daughter, Rose.2.B3.D4.D5.C Rose 是姑妈(姨妈)的女儿。

人教版2020七年级数学上册第一章有理数自主学习培优提升训练题2(附答案详解)

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人教版七年级英语上册UNIT 7 培优测试卷含答案

人教版七年级英语上册UNIT 7 培优测试卷一、单项选择(每小题1分,共10分)1. Tomorrow is my grandmother's birthday. We will have a family party to ____ it.A. fallB. playC. prepareD. celebrate2. There are a lot of ways to keep healthy. ____,we can do more exercise and eatless junk food.A. To our surpriseB. In the endC. For exampleD. For a while3. —What about this blue schoolbag? It's twenty dollars.—OK. ____.A. Here you areB. I'll take itC. Nice to meet youD. You're welcome4. There are some ____ on my bike, so I can find it easily.A. marksB. problemsC. yardsD. feelings5. Little Jack is only two years old, but he can spell his ____ name.A. differentB. modernC. ownD. similar6. —____ is the art festival?—I think it's in July, but I'm not sure.A. WhenB. HowC. WhereD. What7. —What is the ____ of your guitar?—It's 800 yuan. I think it's cheap.A. numberB. heightC. soundD. price8. Don't ____ the candles, or we can't see the things in the room.A. talk aboutB. look forC. blow outD. work out9. —What day is your ____ Day in China, Li Xiaofei?—October 1st.A. NationalB. MusicalC. FunnyD. International10. Many people enjoy ____ zongzi by themselves at the Dragon Boat Festival.A. makingB. makeC. makesD. to make二、完形填空(每小题1分,共10分)Hi, I'm Sarah. Today is the fifth of March and it is a __11__ day for my sister Tracy—it is her birthday. We do many things to __12__ it.First, our parents take us to a sports store. They buy Tracy a pair of ping-pong bats, because she loves __13__. Then we buy some fruit and a cake. Do we have a __14__ for Tracy? Yes, we have it in the evening. Ann, Kitty and Cindy __15__ the party. The three are all __16__ of No. 7 Middle School, and they are classmates, __17__. Tracy gets a book from Ann and a radio from Kitty. What does she __18__ from Cindy? Cindy buys Tracy a nice T-shirt, __19__ it is a little smaller for her. She says she'll change a bigger one for her and bring it to Tracy next Monday.At the party, we __20__ some interesting games. We really have a good time!11. A. boring B. bigC. tidyD. right12. A. mean B. singC. celebrateD. know13. A. ping-pong B. baseballC. basketballD. football14. A. sale B. testC. tripD. party15. A. help with B. come toC. ask forD. think about16. A. students B. teachersC. womenD. boys17. A. well B. veryC. tooD. only18. A. buy B. getC. wantD. know19. A. after B. soC. andD. but20. A. sell B. takeC. playD. lose三、阅读理解(每小题2分,共30分)AThe girl in the picture is May. Why is her name May? Well,because her birthday is in May.Every year, May has a birthday party at home. Her friends cometo her home and say happy birthday to her. They watch TV, playgames and eat the birthday cake. They always have a good time at May's birthday party. May can also get many gifts from her friends. May thinks the gifts are valuable and she likes them very much.May has a brother. His birthday is in April. Can you guess(猜)his name? Haha, his name is April. April is 10 and he likes playing basketball. He thinks it's fun, and he always plays it with May on Sundays.21. When is the girl's birthday?A. It's in May.B. It's in April.C. It's in March.D. It's in February.22. What do May and her friends do on her birthday?①watch TV ②play games③eat the cake ④eat chickenA. ①④B. ③④C. ①②③D. ①②③④23. What does the underlined word “valuable”mean in Chinese?A. 便宜的B. 珍贵的C. 易碎的D. 普通的24. How old is April?A. Eight.B. Nine.C. Ten.D. Eleven.25. Which is NOT true?A. May and April are sister and brother.B. May has only one friend, April.C. April likes playing basketball.D. May has her birthday party at home.BThe birthday is a special day for most people. We may spend much time celebrating it. On our birthdays, we may go for a trip, have a party or watch a movie with our parents or friends. We can also enjoy some special food. Do you know what people eat on their birthdays around the world? Here are three people from different countries. They tell us what food they eat on their birthdays.Liu Jing is from Beijing. “The long noodles are a symbol of long life. In China, red is a symbol of luck. We think red eggs bring us good luck. So you can see Chinese eat long noodles and red eggs when they celebrate their birthdays,” says Liu Jing.“I am so happy because today is my birthday. I want to have a birthday party. At the party, we can play games, sing and dance. We can also eat a big birthday cake with fifteen candles. I'm sure we can have a good time at my birthday party,” says David from America.“In Canada, people put a coin (硬币) into the cake. If the birthday person eats the cake with the coin, he or she will be lucky. I am so happy because I often eat the cake with a coin,” says Sandy.26. What does the underlined word “symbol” mean in Chinese?A. 举办B. 象征C. 组织D. 担心27. How old is David?A. 13.B. 14.C. 15.D. 16.28. Which of the following is RIGHT?A. Red eggs are a symbol of long life in Liu Jing's family.B. People play games, sing and dance at the birthday party in David's country.C. David is from Canada.D. Sandy never eats the cake with a coin.29. According to the first paragraph, people may ____ on their birthdays.①watch ball games ②go for a trip③watch a movie ④have a birthday partyA. ②③④B. ①③④C. ①②④D. ①②③30. The passage is mainly about ____.A. what to eat on one's birthday in different countriesB. why we celebrate our birthdaysC. three people from different countriesD. how to celebrate one's birthdayCWhen people talk about birthdays, they usually think of cakes, presents, and a happy song called Happy Birthday to You. In fact(事实上), there are many kinds of ways to celebrate birthdays.In China, some bi rthday children start the day by saying “Hello”to their parents. Some parents give their children toys as gifts. And the birthday children usually eat noodles. It means the birthday child has a long life.In Canada, children put butter(奶油)on their noses on their birthdays. The butter keeps children away from bad luck. In Ireland, people lift(举起)birthday children upside down and make them touch the floor for every year of their age.In the USA and Britain, the family makes a big birthday cake. There are candles on the cake. One candle is for one year. The birthday child makes a wish and blows out all the candles.In Spain, people pull(拉)the birthday child's ear to wish him a happy birthday. If he is thirty, his friends and his family pull his ear thirty times, once for each year. It's very interesting.In some other countries, the birthday child sits on a special chair. All the adults lift the chair up and down. If the birthday child is eight years old, they lift the chair eight times.Different countries have different ways to celebrate their birthdays. But you can celebrate your birthday in your own way.31. How many countries are mentioned (提及) in the passage?A. Five.B. Six.C. Seven.D. Eight.32. Why do children put butter on their noses on their birthdays in Canada?A. Because it is very interesting.B. Because it means the birthday child has a long life.C. Because they make the birthday children touch the floor every year.D. Because the butter keeps children away from bad luck.33. In Britain, if a child is eleven years old, he should blow out ____ candles.A. elevenB. twelveC. twentyD. thirteen34. In ____,people pull the birthday child's ear to wish him a happy birthday.A. ChinaB. IrelandC. SpainD. Canada35. What is the passage mainly about?A. Birthdays of different countries.B. Birthday presents of different countries.C. Different ways to celebrate birthdays.D. Birthday children of different countries.四、阅读还原(每小题2分,共10分)Jane is an English girl. She is in Shanghai with her parents now. 36. ________ It is Jane's 13th birthday.In the morning, she comes out of her room to have breakfast. Her parents don't say “Happy birthday!” to her. 37. ________ At school, she meets two of her good friends Li Mei and Lin Qi, but they don't say anything. “No one knows when my birthday is, ” she says to herself. 38. ________ After school, she walks home alone(独自). When she gets home, she surprisedly finds her good friends are in her house. 39. ________ And many other gifts a re on the table, too. 40. ________ “Happy birthday, my dear! We just want to give you a surprise, ” says Mrs. Miller. Jane is really happy and they have a good time!五、根据首字母及汉语提示完成句子。

人教版七年级英语上册UNIT 5 培优测试卷含答案

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She always ____ a story to make her class interesting.A. comes outB. puts outC. acts outD. goes out10. —____?—He can make model planes.A. What can Jack doB. Can Jack make model planesC. What does Jack likeD. Does Jack like model planes二、完形填空(每小题1分,共10分)Jack is my good friend. He likes __11__. He plays the drums well. He starts a band(乐队)with his friends, Dave and Linda. They want to __12__ the music club at school. Dave is good __13__ singing and playing the guitar. Linda can play the piano __14__. Their band doesn't have a __15__,so they want a good name for it. They __16__ and play their own(自己的)songs.They don't have __17__ to play the instruments at school, so they always play them on the weekend. They play for two hours. After that, they are very __18__.Jackson is one of the members(成员)of a Chinese band. He sings Jack's song, and it's very famous. Jack and his friends __19__ the song very much. They want to __20__ with him. They also want to sing along with him one day.11. A. maths B. EnglishC. historyD. music12. A. help B. getC. joinD. buy13. A. for B. toC. atD. with14. A. good B. littleC. muchD. well15. A. book B. friendC. nameD. dinner16. A. write B. askC. teachD. see17. A. money B. timeC. funD. homework18. A. cool B. freeC. happyD. difficult19. A. likes B. likeC. needsD. need20. A. play games B. tell storiesC. do kung fuD. make friends三、阅读理解(每小题2分,共30分)Asoccer. People play soccer for fun all over the UK. It's a very popular sport.playing the piano. She is in the music club. I'm good at drawing. I'm in the21. Carl plays soccer ____.A. with his brothersB. with his sistersC. every SaturdayD. every Sunday22. What does Fiona like to do in the evening?A. To play the drums.B. To watch TV.C. To play chess.D. To tell stories.23. Who is good with children?A. Carl.B. Alan.C. Fiona.D. Sarah.24. What club is Mary in?A. The art club.B. The soccer club.C. The music club.D. The basketball club.25. ____ people like playing basketball.A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. FiveBAs we all know, there are different kinds of clubs in the US middle schools, such as the music club, the sports club, the chess club and the art club. But do you know the homework club? It is a popular (受欢迎的) club in many US middle schools. More and more students spend their afternoons in the homework club. The US middle school students need a quiet place to study. But games, computers and TVs are all around kids at home. So the homework club is just for them to do their homework. The club is quiet and it's also good for students to read their favourite books. Some teachers are there, too. They can answer students' questions and help with their homework.After the students finish their homework, they can go home. Then they can play games or watch TV happily.26. How many kinds of clubs are mentioned in the passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.27. When can the students go to the homework club?A. In the morning.B. At noon.C. In the afternoon.D. At night.28. What cannot the students do in the homework club?A. Ask teachers questions.B. Read books.C. Do their homework.D. Play games.29. Which is NOT true about the homework club?A. It is popular in many US middle schools.B. All the US middle school students like it.C. It's good for students to study in it.D. The teachers in it can help students study.30. What is the best title for the text?A. Students and HomeworkB. The Homework ClubC. Clubs in the US Middle SchoolsD. Study and HobbiesCMiddle school students like joining clubs. Joining clubs in middle school can help you make new friends. It can help you know a lot of things. Students need to know something about the clubs.School clubs take timeJoining a school club isn't just about having fun, and kids must know that being in a club needs time and that they need to do a lot of things.________Many students like to meet new friends in the clubs. Lindsay Moore from No. 8 Middle School says, “In the music club, I meet Jane. She likes music and she can play the piano very well. I like music too, and I can play the guitar. So Jane can help me play the piano. I can help her play the guitar. It's so great. ”What club to joinThere are many clubs in schools. Join a club that you like. If you like drawing, you can join the art club. If you like basketball, you can join the sports club. But what club to join is up to (取决于) you. If your school doesn't have clubs, you can start a club.They're funJoining a club can be a lot of fun, so students like the clubs.31. Joining a club can make you ____.A. freeB. rightC. busyD. healthy32. Which is the best to put in the blank (空白)?A. When to join the clubsB. Why to join the clubsC. How to join the clubsD. Where to join the clubs33. What can Jane do?A. She can play the piano.B. She can play the guitar.C. She can play basketball.D. She can sing and dance.34. Tina likes playing the drums. So she can join the ____ club according to thepassage.A. artB. musicC. sportsD. game35. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Middle School StudentsB. School Clubs Are FunC. Join a Middle School ClubD. Clubs in Primary Schools四、任务型阅读(每小题2分,共10分)Do you know 3D modeling? It is a way to make a 3D model of something on the computer. Chenchen, a 12-year-old girl from Wuxi, Jiangsu, likes it very much. In the girl's house, you can see interesting 3D models here and there.Chenchen learns 3D modeling all by herself. Now, she can do modeling work very well. She often does it in her free time. First, she draws a 3D picture on her computer. She can select tools(选取工具)with one hand and draw with the other hand on the computer. Then she uses a small 3D printer(打印机) to turn the picture into a real thing.Chenchen's mother, Ms. Huang, often puts Chenchen's videos on the Internet. Many people see her works and like them very much. “Her works are great. It's not easy for a child of her age to make them,” they say.Now, Chenchen even makes money with 3D modeling. Ms. Huang says Chenchen can use the money as she wishes (如她所愿).What a nice girl!36. How old is Chenchen?_________________________________________________________________ 37. When does Chenchen often do 3D modeling?_________________________________________________________________ 38. Who often puts Chenchen's videos on the Internet?_________________________________________________________________ 39. What do people think of Chenchen's works?_________________________________________________________________ 40. Please give a title to the passage._________________________________________________________________ 五、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空(每小题2分,共10分)interest, choose, ability, mind, collect41. To keep a fresh ________,we should sleep more than eight hours every night.42. My sister likes ________ beautiful fallen leaves in fall.43. The little boy is ________ in music and he can sing a lot of songs.44. Danny wants to buy a cap and he ________ a white one in the shop.45. Reading ________ is very important in our study.六、短文填空(有两项多余)(每小题1分,共10分)Hello, my name is Zhu Wei. In our class, I have four good 46. ________. They come from different countries. Now let me 47. ________ you something about them. Peter comes from the UK. He is a sports star in our school sports 48. ________. He can play soccer very well. He can 49. ________ play basketball very well. Jill is an 50. ________ girl. Her mother is a great musician. Jill is in our school music club. She is good at 51. ________ many kinds of instruments such as the guitar, the drums and the violin. She often plays them at the school music festival. Jason is from South Korea but he can 52. ________ English very well. After class, he often tells English stories to me. I like listening to them, 53. ________ they are really fun. Lisa is from Canada. She is a really kind girl. 54. ________ the weekend, she often asks me to go to the old people's home with her. Lisa can sing and dance for the old. I 55. ________ sing or dance, but I can draw pictures for them.七、书面表达(20分)假如你是一所双语学校的学生会的成员,你校想要组建一支乐队并在艺术节上演出。

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第一章有理数1.1 正数和负数自主预习1.__________的数叫做正数,在正数前面加上符号_______的数叫做负数,数0既不是_______,也不是_________.例:下列各数:+2013,-5,0,3.27,14-,其中为正数的是_________,为负数的是__________.答案:大于0 “-”正数负数+2013、3.27;-5、1 4 -2.在同一问题中,分别用________与_________表示的量具有相反的意义.例:某件商品盈利5%,记作+5%,那么亏损3%应记作____________.答案:正数负数-3%当堂检测知识点1:正、负数的认识1.(2013·桂林)下列各数中,为负数的是()A.0 B.-2013 C.1 D.1 2013答案:B2.在一1.1,0,2,2014这四个数中,既不是正数也不是负数的是()A.一1.1 B.0 C.2 D.2014答案:B3.下列说法正确的是()A.一个正数的前面加上负号就是负数B.一个数不是正数就是负数C.0℃表示没有温度D.数7没有符号答案:A4.(2014·德州模拟)在一1,0,0.2,17,3中,正数一共有_________个.答案:3知识点2:具有相反意义的量5.(2013·鄂尔多斯)若“神舟十号”发射点火前15秒记为-15秒,那么发射点火后10秒应记为()A.5秒B.5秒C.一10秒D.+10秒答案:D6.如果+5分钟表示提前5分钟到校,那么-10分钟表示()A.迟到一10分钟到校B.迟到10分钟到校C.提前10分钟到校D.以上都不对答案:B7.用正、负数表示下列具有相反意义的量(1)零上17℃记作_______,零下8℃记作_______;(2)泰山高出海平面1524米记作____________,鲁番盆地低于海平面155米记作________.答案:+17℃-8℃8.钟表的指针按顺时针旋转50度,记作+50度,那么一60度表示按_______旋转____度.答案:逆时针609.在一条南北走向的跑道上,规定向南运动为正.(1)+3米表示什么意思?-4米表示什么意思?原地不动应记作什么?(2)若小明先向南走了7米,再向北走了1 2米,那么他此时的位置可记作什么?答案:(1)+3表示向南运动3米,-4米表示向北运动4米,原点不动记作0米.(2)-5米课后巩固10.下列各组数中,不是互为相反意义的量的是()A.上升3米和下降5米B.长大3岁和减少3公斤C.收人200元和支出300元D.向东走2米和向西走3米答案:B11.有四包真空小包装火腿,每包以标准克数(450克)为基准,超过的克数记作正数,不足的克数记作负数,以下数据是记录结果,其中表示实际克数最接近标准克数的是()A.+2 B. 3 C.+3 D.+4答案:A12.小明家的一条葡萄藤上结有五串葡萄,每串葡萄的粒数如图所示,若以30粒为基准,把超过30粒的部分记为正数,不足30粒的部分记为负数,那么这五串葡萄应分别记为_____答案:-2,0,+2,+11,-413.一种零件的长在图纸上标为:10±0.05(单位:mm),表示这种零件的标准长度应是10mm,最大不超过_________mm,最小不少于________mm.答案:10.05 9.9514.一次月考中,新颖同学所在的班级平均分为95分,把高于平均分的部分记为正数,新颖105分,记为________分,兰婷记-10分,她实际得分为_______分.答案:+10 8515.将下列各数填入相应的大括号内.-3.5,13,-2,+72,-0.6,0,2π,2001.正数{ …};负数{ …}.答案:13,+72,2 ,2001-3.5,-2,-0.616.正常人的脉搏为平均每分钟72次,医生测试了5人,他们每分钟脉搏跳动的次数如下(单位:次):54,68,72,65,76,用正数、负数或0分别表示出他们比正常人的脉搏每分钟快多少次?答案:-18,-4,0,-7,+4(规定超过72为正).17.某中学对七年级男生进行引体向上测试,8个为达标标准,超过的个数用正数表示,不2 -1 0 3 -2 1 3 -3 2 0(2)他们共做了多少个引体向上?答案:(1)7 70% (2)8518.如图,海边的一段堤岸高出海平面12米,附近的建筑物高出海平面50米,演习中的某潜水艇在海平面下30米处.(1)现以海平面的高度为基准,将其记为0米,高于海平面记为正,低于海平面记为负,那么堤岸、附近建筑物及潜水艇的高度各应如何表示?(2)若以堤岸高度为基准,则堤岸、建筑物及潜水艇的高度又应如何表示?答案:(1)以海平面为基准,堤岸的高度为+12米,附近建筑物的高度为+12米,潜水艇的高度为-30米;(2)以堤岸高度为标准,堤岸高度为0米,建筑物高度为+38米,潜水艇高度为-42米.选做题1 9.观察下面一列数:12-,23,34-,45,56-,…(1)请你写出这一列数中的第100个数和第2013个数;(2)在前201 3个数中,正数和负数分别有多少个?(3)20142015和20142015-这两个数,哪一个在这一列数中?请说明理由.答案:(1)10010120132014-(2)1006 1007 (3)20142015因为分子是偶数的是正数.1.2 有理数1.2.1 有理数自主预习1._________、________、__________统称为整数,__________和_________统称为分数;_________和___________统称为有理数.答案:正整数0 负整数正分数负分数整数分数有理数(定义)整数_____________________________负整数__________________有理数(符号)_________负有理数__________________________________________________当堂检测知识点1:有理数的概念1.(2013·丽水)在数0,2,-3,-1.2中,属于负整数的是()A .0 B .2 C.-3 D.-1.2答案:C2.下列说法错误的是()A .-3是负数B .0不是整数C.13是正数D.-0.35是负分数答案:B3.对于-3.14,下列说法正确的是()A.是负数不是分数B.是分数不是有理数C.是负数也是分数D.不是分数是有理数答案:C知识点2:有理数的分类4.下列说法中,正确的是()A .0不是有理数B.正数和负数统称为有理数C.有最小的正整数D.整数包括正整数和负整数答案:C5.在-2,1,0,23-,2014,0 .3中,是非负整数的有()A.4个 B .3个C.2个D.1个答案:B6.下列说法中错误的有()①123-是负分数;②4 .2不是正数;③自然数一定是正数;④非负有理数不包括0.A.1个 B .2个C.3个D.4个答案:C7 .在-8,2006,237,0,-5,+13,14-,-6.9中,正整数有m个,负分数有n个,则m+n的值为__________.答案:48.把下列各数填入相应的大括号里.-7,3 .01,35%,-0.142,0.1,0,355113-,2010.负数集合:{ …};整数集合:{ …};正分数集合:{ …};非负数集合:{ …}.答案:-7,-0.142,355113-;-7,0,2010;3.01,35%,0.1;3.01,35%,0.1,0,2010.课后巩固9.下列关于“0”的叙述中,错误的是 ( ) 答案:DA .既不是正数,也不是负数B .是自然数,但不是正整数C .是非负整数,也是非正数D .既不是奇数,也不是偶数10.在+3,-19,227,-3.14,0.2,3.1415926,0.3.,3%,0 这9个数中,有理数和非正数的个数分别为 ( )A . 8个,2个B .7个,3个C .9个,3个D . 6个,2个 答案:C11.写出1. 3和6. 3之间的整数:_____________________________. 答案:2,3,4,5,612.在有理数中,是正数但不是整数的数是____________,是负数但不是分数的数是____.答案:正分数 负整数13.观察下面每一列数.接其规律在横线上填入适当的数. (1)2,-4,6,-8,_______,_______,14;(2)13,2-5,37,4-9,…则它的第7个数是_________.答案:(1)10 -12 (2)71514.在下表适当的空格里打上 “√”15.将下列各数填入它属于的集合的圈内:-0.13,314-,4.7,3.14,-2,+14,+21,+1,-8.4+14-16.任意写出5个数(不能重复),同时满足下列三个条件: ①其中3个数是非正数; ②其中3个数是非负数;2 3③5个数都是有理数. 选做题17.将一串有理数按下列规律排列,回答下列问题: (1)在A 处的数是正数还是负数?(2)负数排在A ,B ,C ,D 中的什么位置?(3)第2015个数属于哪一类有理数?排在对应于A ,B ,C ,D 中的什么位置?答案:(1)正数;(2)B 、D ;(3)第2015个数是负整数,因为2015÷4=503…3,所以第2015个数排在对应于D 的位置.1.2.2 数轴自主预习1.规定了________、__________ 和__________的直线叫数轴. 0是_______和______ 的分界点,___________是数轴的“基准点”.例:数轴画法的常见错误案例:错例 原因无原点答案:原点 正方向 单位长度 正数 负数 原点 没有正方向 单位长度不统一 没有单位长度2.一般地,设A 是一个正数,则数轴上表数A 的点在原点的_______边,与原点的距离是________个单位长度;表示数-A 的点在原点的_______边,与原点的距离是______个单位长度.例:(2013·利川期末)在数轴上,表示数-0.01的点在 ( )A .原点B .原点的右边C .原点的左边D .原点或原点的左边 答案:右 a 左 a C 当堂检测知识点1:数轴的概念及画法 1.(2014·芜湖模拟)下列数轴表示正确的是( )2.下列说法错误的是()A.直线就是数轴B.数轴是一条直线C.任何一个有理数都可以用数轴上的一个点来表示D.数轴上原点左边表示的数是负数,右边表示的数是正数.原点表示的数是0.答案:A知识点2:读出数轴上点表示的有理数3.如图,在数轴上点M表示的数可能是()A.1.5 B.-1.5 C.-2.4 D.2 .4 答案:C4.如图所示,点A表示_______,点B表示_______,点C表示______,点D表示______.答案:2 -1 0.5 -2.55.(2014·淮安模拟)如图.数轴上的点A向左移动2个单位长度得到点B,则点B 表示的数是_____________答案:-1知识点3:在数轴上表示有理数6.(2014·陕西模拟)数轴上表示-4的点到原点的距离为()A.4 B.-4 C.14D.14-答案:A7.在数轴上,表示数-4,2.5,12-,-0.5,133,-1的点中,在原点左边的点有_____个.答案:48.数轴上表示-7与-3的两个点之间的距离是________个单位长度.答案:49.画一条数轴,在数轴上描出表示下列各数的点.112,-2,0,-3.5,4.答案:略课后巩固10.在数轴上,点A、点B分别表示-2,-1,任意写出一个在点A右边且在点B左边的点表示的数___________.答案:-1.5(答案不唯一)11.在数轴上,点A表示的数是-3,与点A距离2个单位长度的点表示的数为_______.答案:-5或-112.北京等5个城市的国际标准时间(单位:h)可在数轴上表示如下.如果将两地的国际标准时间的差值称为时差,那么()A.首尔与纽约的时差为13h B.首尔与多伦多的时差为13hC.北京与纽约的时差为14h D.北京与多伦多的时差为14h13.小明在做作业时,不慎将两滴墨水滴在数轴上,根据图中的数值.判断墨水盖住的整数共有()A .7个B.8个C.9个D.10个答案:C14.如图,点A表示-4,任何相邻两点之间的距离都是1个单位长度.(1)在数轴上标出原点O,并指出B点所表示的数;(2)有一点C(不是B点)到原点的距离等于B点到原点的距离,那么点C表示什么数?答案:B点表示的数是5;(2)点C表示的数是-5.15.如图所示,在数轴上有三个点A、B、C,请回答下列问题.(1)将B点向左移动3个单位长度后,它所表示的数是什么?(2)将A点向右移动4个单位长度后,它所表示的数是什么?(3)怎样移动A、B、C三点,才能使它们所表示的数相同?答案:(1)-2 (2)0 (3)答案不唯一,如点B不动,将点A向右移动5个单位长度,点C向左移动2个单位长度.1 6.(1)借助数轴,回答下列问题:①从-1到1有3个整数,分别是______________②从-2到2有5个整数,分别是______________③从-3到3有7个整数.分别是_______________________④从-100到100有___________个整数;⑤从-n到n有___________个整数.(2)根据以上规律,直接写出从-3 .9到3.9有_______个整数,从-10.1到10.1有______个整数.(3)在单位长度是1Cm的数轴上任意画一条长度为1000Cm的线段AB,线段AB盖住的整数点最多有多少个?答案:(1)①-1,0,1;②-2,-1,0,1,2;③-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3;④201;⑤2n+1(2)7 21 (3)1001选做题17.一条东西走向的商业街上,依次有书店(记为A)、冷饮店(记为B)、鞋店(记为C),冷饮店位于鞋店西边50米处,鞋店位于书店东边60米处,王平先去书店,然后沿着这条街向东走了30米至D 处,接着向西走50米到达E 处(1)以A 为原点、向东为正方向画数轴,在数轴上表示出上述A 、B 、C 、D 、E 的位置; (2)若在这条街上还建一家超市,使超市与鞋店分居E 点两侧,且到E 点的距离相等,问超市在冷饮店的什么方向?距离多远? 答案:(1)略.点拨:以1个单位长度表示10米画数轴. (2)超市在冷饮店的西边,距离110米.1.2.3相反数目主预习1.只有 不同的两个数叫做互为相反数. 【答案】符号2.在数轴上表示两个互为相反数的点,分别位于原点的 ,并且到原点的距离 .特别地,0的相反数是 .例:2和 是互为相反数的两个点,它们关于原点 . 【答案】左右两侧 相等 0 -2 对称3.在任意一个数的前面添上“ ”号,所得的新数即为原数的相反数.即a 的相反数是 (其中a 为任意数).例:=+-)2014( ,=--)2014( . 【答案】- a - 2014- 2014当堂检测(15分钟)知识象1:相反数的意义1.(2014·枣庄模拟)2013的相反数是 ( ) A .2013 B .2013- C .20131 D .20131-【答案】B2.(2014·金华模拟)下列各组数中,互为相反数的是 ( ) A .31和31- B .3-和31 C .3-和31- D .3和31【答案】A3.如图,数轴上表示数-2的相反数的点是 ( )A .点PB .点QC .点MD .点N 【答案】A4.(2013·燕山一模)若a 与3-互为相反数,则=a . 【答案】35.写出下列各数的相反数. 7,11-,2.3-,2,23,431-,20141,0. 【答案】各数的相反数依次为-7,11,3.2,23-,431,20141-,0 知识点2:多重符合的化简 6.化简下列各式:(1)(2013·晋江)=--)2( ; (2)=+-)6( ; (3)=+-)(π ; (4)=--)5.1( .【答案】(1)2 (2)-6 (3)π- (4)1.5 7.(2013·濉溪期中)下列各组数中,不相等的是 ( ) A . )3(+-和)3(-+ B . 5-和)5(+- C . )7(-+和)7(-- D . )2(--和2+ 【答案】C8.)3(+-的相反数是 ( ) A . 3 B . 31 C . 31- D . 3- 【答案】A课后巩固9.下列数中,正数的个数是 ( )A .0B . 1C .2 D . 3【答案】C 10.如图,数轴上一动点A 向左移动2个单位长度到达点B ,再向右移动5个单位长度到达点C ,若点C 表示的数为1,则与点A 表示的数互为相反数的是 ( )A .7-B . 3C . 3-D .2【答案】D11.下列说法中,正确的有 ( ) (1)π的相反数是14.3-;(2)符号相反的数互为相反数;(3)相反数等于它本身的数只有零;(4)非负数的相反数是正数.A .0个B . 1个C .2个 D . 3个 【答案】B12.如图,数轴上点M 和点N 分别表示互为相反数的两个数m 、n ,并且两点间的距离是7.8,则=m ,=n .【答案】-3.9 3.913.若a 是正数,则a -一定是 数;若a 是负数,则a -一定是 数;若a a -=,则=a .【答案】负 正 014.写出下列各数的相反数,并将这些数连同它们的相反数在数轴上表示出来.2+,3-,0,)1(--,213-,)2(+-. 【答案】2+的相反数是-2,-3的相反数是3,0的相反数是0,-(-1)的相反数是-1,213-的相反数是213,-(+2)的相反数是2,图略. 15.如图所示,已知A 、B 、C 、D 四个点在数轴上.(1)若点A 和点C 表示的数互为相反数,则原点在哪个点的位置?(2)若点B 和点D 表示的数互为相反数,则原点在哪个点的位置?(3)若点B和点C表示的数互为相反数,请在数轴上表示出原点的位置.【答案】(1)B;(2)C;(3)如图:16.数轴上,点A表示+4,点B和点C关于原点对称,且点C到点A的距离为2,求点B 和点C各对应的是什么数?【答案】点B对应的数是-2或-6,点C对应的数是2或6.17.已知表示数a的点在数轴上的位置如图所示.(1)在数轴上表示出数a的相反数的位置;(2)若数a与其相反数相距20个单位长度,则a表示的数是多少?(3)在(2)的条件下,若数b表示的点与数a的相反数表示的点相距5个单位长度,求b表示的数是多少?【答案】(1)如图:(2)-10;(3)5或15.选做题18.如图所示是一个具有互为相反数的“回字形”图形.l与-1、2与-2为第一层,3与-3、4与一4为第二层,5与-5、6与-6为第三层,…,点A、B、C、D为第n层表示的数.(1)点A、B、C、D分别表示什么符号的数,并写出表示互为相反数的两个点;(2)若点A、B、C、D在第2014层上,则它们分别表示哪些有理数?【答案】(1)点A 、C 表示负数,点B 、D 表示正数,A 与B 、C 与D 分别互为相反数的两个点;(2)点A 表示-4027,点B 表示4027,点C 表示-4028,点D 表示4028.1. 2.4绝对值第1课时 绝对值自主预习1.-般地,数轴上表示a 的点与原点的 叫做数a 的绝对值,记作 . 例:-12到原点的距离为 ,因此-12的绝对值为 , 即=-12 .【答案】距离 a 12 12 122.一个正数的绝对值是 ,一个负数的绝对值是 ,O 的绝对值是 .即 当a 为正数时,=a ;当a 为负数时,=a ;当0=a 时,=a . 例:=+4 ,=-8.10 .【答案】它本身 它的相反数 0 a a - 0 4 10.8当堂检测(15分钟)知识点1:绝对值的意义及求法1.填空.(1)=+2 ;=-31 ; (2)8-的绝对值是 ,绝对值等于21的数是 . 【答案】(1)2 31 (2)8 21± 2.(2014·朝阳模拟)-2的绝对值是 ( )A .2-B .21-C .21 D .2 【答案】D3.(2013·合肥期中)在数轴上到原点的距离等于4的点所表示的数是 ( )A .4B .-4C .±2D .±4【答案】D4.下列各式中,不成立的是 ( )A . 33=B .33-=-C .33=--D .33=-【答案】C5.写出下列各数的绝对值.8-, 6.4-, 25, 2014, 0. 【答案】88=-;6.46.4=-;2525=;20142014=;00=. 知识点2:绝对值的性质及应用6.-个数的绝对值是a ,则a 在数轴上的位置是 ( )A .原点两旁B .原点左边C .原点右边D .原点及其右边【答案】D7.(1)若3=a ,则=a ;(2)若x =-2,则=x ;(3)(2013·鄂州)若03=+p ,则=p .【答案】(1)3± (2)2 (3)-38.若02=++b a ,则=a ,=b .【答案】0 2课后巩固9.下列各组数中,互为相反数的是 ( )A .32-和32-B .32-和32C .32--和32-D .32-和23 【答案】A10.如图,数轴的单位长度为1,如果点A 、B 表示的数的绝对值相等,那么点A 表示的数是 ( )A .4-B .2-C .0D .4【答案】B11.下列说法正确的是 ( )A .绝对值等于本身的数只有正数B .互为相反数的两个数的绝对值相等C .不相等的两个数的绝对值不相等D .绝对值相等的数一定相等【答案】B12.如图,检测4个足球,其中超过标准质量的克数记为正数,不足标准质量的克数记为负数,从轻重的角度看,最接近标准的是 ( )【答案】C13.如果a a -=,则a 是 ( )A .正数B .负数C .非正数D .非负数【答案】C 14.绝对值小于4的整数有 个,它们分别是 ;绝对值大于2且小于5的整数是 .【答案】 7 0,1±,2±,3±, 3±,4±15.有甲、乙两只蚂蚁分别在数轴A 、B 两点上,A 、B 两点分别表示1和1011-,它们同时发现原点处有一食物,于是以相同的速度爬过去,最先得到食物的是 (选填“甲”或“乙”).【答案】甲16.计算:(1)302416---+-; (2)832425.7-÷-+-⨯-;【答案】(1)原式=10 【答案】(2)原式=33 (3)8717149-÷-⨯-.【答案】(3)原式=849 17.观察比较:22=,22=-,33=,33=-,…,x x =,x x =-.(1)若2=a ,则=a ;若0=a ,则=a ;若5=-a ,则=a ;(2)a ,b 表示任意有理数,若b a =,那么a 与b 之间有什么关系?【答案】(1)2± 0 5±;(2)b a ±=18,某工厂生产一批螺帽,根据产品质量要求,螺帽的内径可以有0. 02毫米误差,抽查5只螺帽,超过规定内径的毫米数记作正数,不足规定内径的毫米数记作负数,检查结果如下表:(1)指出哪些产品是合要求的(即在误差范围内的);(2)指出合乎要求的产品中哪个质量好一些,并用绝对值的知识进行说明.【答案】(1)∵0.02>030.0030.0=+,0.02<018.0018.0=-,0.02>026.0026.0=+,0.02>025.0025.0=-,0.02<015.0015.0=+,∴螺帽内径检查结果误差为-0.018毫米和+0.015毫米的这两个螺帽是符合要求的.(2)∵0.015>018.0018.0=-,∴螺帽内径检查结果误差是+0.015毫米的这个螺帽质量好一些.选做题19.(1)已知6=a ,4=b ,且0>a ,0>b ,求b a +、b a -的值;(2)已知0321=-+-+-c b a ,求式子c b a ++2的值.【答案】(1)由已知得6=a ,4=b ,则1046=+=+b a ,246=-=-b a ;(2)由已知得,01=-a ,02=-b 03=-c ,所以1=a ,2=b ,3=c ,则 732122=++⨯=++c b a .第2课时 有理数大小的比较自主预习1.数学中规定:在数轴上表示有理数,它们从左到右的顺序,就是从 的顺序,即 的数小于 的数.例:有理数-3、1在数轴上的位置如图,则1 -3(填“>”或“<”).【答案】由小到大 左边 右边 >2.一般地,(1) 大于0,0大于 ,正数大于 . 例: 3 0,0 -2,2 -2.(2)两个负数,绝对值大的反而 .例:=-4 ,=-3 ,因为4 3,即4- 3-,所以-4 -3.【答案】(1)正数 负数 负数 > > >(2)小 4 3 > > < 当堂检测(15分钟)知识点1:借助数轴比较有理数的大小1.如图,点A 、B 、C 、D 表示的数中,比点A 表示的数大的有 个,【答案】22.有理数x 、y 在数轴上的位置如图所示,则 ( )A .0>>y xB . 0>>x yC . 0<<y xD .0<<x y【答案】B 3.(2013·濉溪期中)在数轴上将数+2.5,-3,4,-5,21,23-表示出来,并结合数轴用“>”号将它们连接起来.【答案】如图:根据数轴可知523215.24->->>+>. 知识点2:运用法则比较有理数的大小4.(2014·贵阳模拟)下列整数中,小于-3的是( )A . -4B . -2C .2D .3【答案】A5.(2013·重庆)在3,0,6,-2这四个数中,最大的数是( )A .0B .6C .-2D .3【答案】B6.下面是几个城市某年一月份的平均温度,其中平均温度最低的城市是 ( )A .桂林11.2℃B .广州13.5℃C .北京-4.8℃D .南京3.4℃【答案】C7.比较大小:(1)0 3; (2)-1 76-; (3)-3.14 π-; (4)6 -6;(5)0 -0.25; (6)72- 71. 【答案】(1)< (2) < (3) > (4)> (5) > (6) >8.(2013·叶县期中)下列描述中不正确的是 ( )A .最小的正整数是1B .最大的负整数是-1C .绝对值最小的数是OD .最小的正有理数是1【答案】D课后巩固9.比较21-,31-,41的大小,结果正确的是 ( ) A .41<31<21--B .31<41<21--C .31<31<41--D .41<21<31-- 【答案】A10.有理数a 、b 在数轴上的位置如图所示,下列式子错误的是 ( )A .b a <B .b a >C .b a --<D .0>a【答案】C11.下列说法不正确的是 ( )A .若0>>b a ,则b a >B .b a -->,则b a >C .若a 为有理数,则0>aD .若a 为有理数,则0≥a 【答案】C12.大于5.3-的负整数有 个;写出一个比O 小且比-1大的数是 .【答案】3 21-(答案不唯一) 13.若3=a ,4b =,且b a >,则=a ,=b .【答案】 3± -4 14.比较下列各组数的大小.(1)113-与3.0-; (2)7--与)3.5(+- 【答案】)113->3.0- 【答案】7--<)3.5(+- (3)87-,)87(-+与98- 【答案】)87(-+<87-<98-. 15.在一次知识竞赛结束时,5个队的得分如下(答对得正分,答错得负分):A 队:-50分;B 队:150分;C 队:-300分;D 队:O 分;E 队:100分.请把这些队的得分按低分到高分排序.这次知识竞赛的冠军是哪个队?【答案】-300<-50<0<100<150.这次知识竞赛的冠军是B 队.16.按由小到大的顺序依次用直线连接下面各数,你会发现它是什么图形?【答案】如图,它是五角星.选做题17.有理数n 、6、c 在数轴上的对应点如图所示,(1)在空白处填人“>”或“<”:a 0;b 0;c 0;c .(2)试在数轴上找出表示a -、b -、c -的点.(3)试用“<”号将a 、a -、b 、b -、c 、c -、0连接起来.【答案】(1)< > < >;(2)略;(3)c b a a b c -<<-<<<-<0.1.3 有理数的加减法1.3.1 有理数的加法第1课时 有理数的加法法则自主预习1.同号两数相加,取 的符号,并把绝对值 ;例:(+2.5)+(+1.7)=(+)=;(-3)+(-5)=(+)=;【答案】相同相加+2.5 1.7 4.2 - 3 5 ﹣82.绝对值不相等的异号两数相加,取绝对值的加数的符号,并用较大的绝对值较小的绝对值.互为相反数的两个数相加得,即若a、b互为相反数,则a+b =.例:5+(-3)=(-)=;(-5)+3=(+)=;5+(-5)=;【答案】较大减去0 0 + 5 3 2 ﹣ 5 3 ﹣2 03.一个数同零相加,仍得.即a+0=.例:(-1.2)+0=.【答案】这个数a﹣1.2当堂检测(15分钟)知识点1:有理数加法法则1.(1)+3和+5的和取号,和为;(2)-3和-5的和取号,和为;(3)-3和+5的和取号,和为;【答案】(1)正8 (2)负﹣8 (3)负﹣2 (4)正 22.(2013·天津)计算(-3)+(-9)的结果等于()A.12 B.-12 C.6 D.-6【答案】A3.(2014·安徽模拟)下面的数中,与-3的和为0的是()A.3 B.-3 C.13D.-13【答案】B4.计算下列各题.(1)(-13)+(-17);(2)(-14)+(+25);(3)(-3.25)+2.25;(4)52+() 63.【答案】(1)原式=﹣30;(2)原式=12;(3)原式=﹣1;(4)原式=16;知识点2:有理数加法的应用5.(2013·河北)气温由-1℃上升2℃后是()A.-1℃B.1℃C.2℃D.3℃【答案】B6.某支股票昨天上午11:00跌1.5元,下午收盘时又涨0.3元,则这支股票昨天每股()A.跌1.8元B.跌1.2元C.涨1.8元D.涨1.2元【答案】B7.某企业第一季度盈余22000元,第二季度亏本6000元,该企业今年上半年的盈亏情况用算式可表示为元.【答案】22000+(﹣6000)8.升降机的高度为25米,为运送货物,升降机先下降7米,又上升10米,这时升降机的高度为米.【答案】28课后巩固9.在1,-2,-1这三个数中,任意两个数之和的最大值为()A.1 B.0 C.-1 D.-3【答案】B10.下列四个算式是小明作业中的四个题目:①(-5)+(-4)=9;②(-5)+6=-1;③(-12)+(-13)=-56;④3.6+(-5.6)=-2.其中计算结果正确的个数为()A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【答案】B11.有理数a、b在数轴上的位置如图所示,则a+b的值()A.大于0 B.小于0 C.小于a D.大于b 【答案】A12.如果两个有理数的和是负数,那么这两个数()A.都是负数;B.一个是负数,一个为是0;C.一个是正数,一个是负数;D.至少有一个为负数【答案】D13.(2013·襄阳期中)若x的相反数是3,5y=,则x+y的值为()A.﹣8 B.2 C.8或﹣2 D.﹣8或2 【答案】D14.(2014·邵阳模拟)若a b a b+=+,则a、b的关系是()A.a、b的绝对值相等B.a、b异号C.a+b的和为非负数D.a、b同号或其中至少一个为零【答案】D15.若12x+与12y-互为相反数,则x y+=.【答案】016.篮球比赛分上半场、下半场进行,规定赢分记为“+”,输分记为“-”,不输不赢记为“0”.下面是某校篮球队的6场比赛的得分情况,请填表:【答案】表格从左往右,从上往下依次填:赢12分(+18)+(﹣6)=+12不输不赢(+18)+(﹣18)=0输4分(+10)+(﹣14)=﹣4输23分(﹣12)+(﹣11)=﹣23输13分(﹣13)+0=﹣1317.根据题意列式计算.(1)比-10的相反数大-20的数;(2)16的相反数与-8的绝对值的和;(3)m是绝对值最小的数,n是最大的负整数,p是最小的正整数,则m+n+(-p)的值是多少?=﹣8;(3)m+n+(-p)【答案】(1)﹣(﹣10)+(﹣20)=﹣10;(2)(﹣16)+8=0+(﹣1)+(﹣1)=﹣2.18.(2013·孝感期末)定义[a]表示不超过a的最大整数,如[3.2]=3,[-1.5]=-2,计算[-9.3]+[2]+[8.8].【答案】[-9.3]+[2]+[8.8]=(﹣10)+2+8=0选做题19.一口水井,水面比井口低3米,一只蜗牛从水面沿着井壁往井口爬,第一次往上爬了0.5米,却下滑了0.15米;第二次往上爬了0.42米,却下滑了0.1米;第三次往上爬了0.7米,却下滑了0.15米;第四次往上爬了0.75米,却下滑了0.1米;第五次往上爬了0.55米,却下滑了0.1米;第六次往上爬了0.49米,没有下滑.问蜗牛有没有爬出井口?【答案】0.5+(﹣0.15)+0.42+(﹣0.1)+0.7+(﹣0.15)+0.75+(﹣0.1)+0.55+(﹣0.1)+0.49=2.81(米).∵2.81米<3米.∴蜗牛没有爬出井口蜗牛有没有爬出井口.第2课时有理数加法的运算律及运用自主预习1.有理数加法运算律:(1)交换律:两个数相加,交换 的位置,和 ,用字母表示为a +b = .例:4+9=9+ .(2)结合律:三个数相加,先把 相加,或者先把 相加,和 .用字母表示为(a +b )+c =a +( + ). 例:[][]10(6)(7)10 +-+-=+.【答案】(1)加数 不变 b +a (﹣4);(2)前两个数 后两个数 不变 b c (﹣6)+(﹣7)2.利用加法的运算律简化运算,应把握三个“结合”:一是“相反结合”,二是“同号结合”,三是“凑整结合”.例:计算11(6)(18)(4)(6.8)18(3.2)33-+-+++-++-时,可把163-与 ,-18与 ,-6.8与 分别结合,先相加,可使计算简便.【答案】1+4318 ﹣3.2当堂检测(15分钟)知识点1:加法运算律1.在算式每一步后面填上这一步所应用的运算律: (+8)+(-11)+(-8)=(-11)+(+8)+(-8)① =-11+[(+8)+(-8)]② =(-11)+0 =-11.【答案】①加法交换律 ②加法结合律 2.计算(+0.25)+(-14)+(-18)+(-78)的结果是( ) A .1B .-1C .-112D .112【答案】B3.下列运算正确的是( ) A .7+13+(-8)=13;B .(-3.5)+4+(-3.5)=4C .334+(-334)+(-3)=-3;D .3.14+(-7)+3.14=-8【答案】C4.运用加法的运算律计算下列各题. (1)22+(-12)+8+(-7);(2)19+(-13)+(-19)+12;(3)31421(2)2(1) 7373+-++-.【答案】(1)原式=10;(2)原式=﹣1;(3)原式=0知识点2:有理数加法运算律的应用5.某公司2013年9到12月份四个月的盈亏情况如下(盈利为正):-160万元,+67万元,-120万元,+270万元,那么该公司这四个月共盈利万元.【答案】576.七年级(2)班一学期班费收支情况如下(收入为正):+250元,-55元,-120元,+7元.该班期末时,班费结余为()A.82元B.85元C.35元D.92元【答案】A7.已知上周五(周末不开市)沪市指数以2900点报收,本周内股市涨跌情况如下表(“+”表示比前一天涨,“-”表示比前一天跌):星期一二三四五股指变化/点+50 -30 +10 -20 +50那么本周五的沪市指数报收点是()A.2910 B.2960 C.2970 D.2980【答案】B8.把-1,0,1,2,3这五个数填入下列方框中,使行、列三个数的和相等,其中错误的是()A.B.C.D.【答案】D课后巩固9.夏季防汛时,一水文站对长江某河段的水位进行一日四测,某天四次测量的结果为:第一次上升38 mm,第二次下降37 mm,第三次又下降39 mm,第四次上升33 mm,那么这一天的水位比前一天()A.上升5 mm B.下降5 mm C.上升1 mm D.下降6 mm【答案】B10.小明写作业时不慎将墨水滴在数轴上,根据图中的数值,判定墨迹盖住部分的整数的和是________.【答案】﹣1011.绝对值大于1而小于6的所有整数的和是.【答案】012.5框菜以每框50千克为标准,超过的千克数记为正,不足的记为负.称量记录如下:-3,-1,+4,+2,-1,则5框蔬菜总共 (填“超过”或“不足”) 千克,总质量是 千克. 【答案】超过 1 251 13.用适当的方法计算:(1)0.34+(7.6)(0.8)(0.4)0.46-+-+-+;(2)(-18.35)+(+6.15)+(-3.65)+(-18.15);(3)31153+(8)(2)(1)4626-+++- ;(4 )52135+(9)(3)176324--+-+-.【答案】(1)原式=﹣8;(2)原式=﹣34;(3)原式=﹣334;(4)原式=﹣114;14.小明的父亲是一位面包加工师,他父亲今天购进了十袋面粉,标准是每袋25千克,回到加工车间逐袋称了一遍,其中只有三袋正好是25千克,另外七袋的实际质量为(单位:千克):24.8,23.5,25.2,25.3,25.6,24.9,24.7.(1)若把超过标准质量的部分记为正数,不足的部分记为负数,请把这十袋面粉的质量分别用正负数表示出来;(2)请你帮助小明的父亲计算一下这十袋面粉的总质量是多少千克? 【答案】(1)这十袋面粉的质量分别用正负数或0表示为:0,0,0,﹣0.2,﹣1.5,+0.2,+0.3,+0.6,﹣0.1,﹣0.3.(2)这十袋面粉与标准质量差值的和为0+0+0+(﹣0.2)+(﹣1.5)+(+0.2)+(+0.3)+(+0.6)+(﹣0.1)+(﹣0.3)=﹣1.因此这十袋面粉的总质量25×10+(﹣1)=259(千克).选做题15.(1)将-4、-3、-2、-1、1、2、3、4这8个数分别填入下图图①的方阵图中,其中0已给出,使得每行、每列、斜对角的三个数相加都相等.(2)根据图②中给出的数,对照图①中的填写,请你完成图②的方阵图,并满足(1)中的要求.图① 图②【答案】(1)填写答案不唯一,但方阵图中每行、每列、斜对角的三个数相加之和为0,如。

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