2009年哈工大经济学原理试题
哈尔滨工程大学2009年849经济学原理考研真题完整回忆
2009年哈尔滨工业大学849经济学原理考研真题完整回忆参考书：微观--曼昆《经济学原理（上）》教材及习题指南，宏观---曼昆《宏观经济学》教材及尹伯成《西方经济学习题指南（宏观部分）》1.名字解释市场失灵自然失业率货币中性洛伦斯曲线周期性失业货币乘数资本的黄金规则科斯定理2.简答（1）当市场价格等于均衡价格时，生产者剩余和消费者剩余是否达到了最大化水平。
（2）简析投资剧烈波动的原因。
（答案见尹伯成《西方经济学习题指南（宏观部分）》第14单元分析题23）（3）辨析：“总需求曲线向右倾斜是由于社会个别物品需求水平相加。
”（4）比较货币主义学派的货币函数与传统货币数量论的异同。
（5）根据生命周期理论，若一国宣布公民提前5年退休，消费占GDP的比例会发生什么变动？（6）如果按照名义利率双方签订了贷款合同，当未来通胀率高于预期时，实际贷款利率怎样变化？谁受益？3.计算（1）关于税收的类似于曼昆《经济学原理（上）》教材的市场与福利那章的课后题，不过最后一问没有出，就算到税收函数（2）IS方程，IS方程的斜率，给出充分就业水平求需要的ΔG，给出ΔG求ΔY。
（参考尹伯成《西方经济学习题指南（宏观部分）》第18单元习题12，13，14）4.分析（1）鲍勃的剪草坪中心是一家竞争性企业，然后给出一组关于剪草坪中心一天的营业数据，分析该剪草坪中心的短期和长期经营策略。
（2）黄金行业是竞争性的，结合图形分析该行业和典型金矿企业的长期均衡。
若发生需求增加、金价大幅上涨的情况，短期中行业和企业的均衡会有什么变化？（3）若石油卡特尔组织提高油价，会对经济产生什么影响？此时美联储会采取什么措施？如不采取措施，长期中经济会怎样？5.论述从一个或多个角度分析经济波动产生的原因以及烫平波动的政策。
（可参考尹伯成《西方经济学习题指南（宏观部分）》第20单元分析22题）。
哈工大经济学试题
哈工大经济学真题哈尔滨工业大学2001年硕士研究生试题（449经济学原理）哈尔滨工业大学2001年硕士研究生试题（449经济学原理）一选择题（2分/题计10分）1.政府把价格提高到均衡价格以上可能导致（）A. 黑市交易B. 产品过剩C.均衡价格上升D.均衡价格下降2.如果厂商改进了他的产品，别的厂商还没有来得及模仿，那么他所得到的利润产生于（）A. 创新B.风险C.垄断D.创新，风险和垄断3.从国民生产净值减下列项目成为国民收入（）A.折旧B.原材料支出C.直接税D.间接税4.垂直的LM曲线表示（）A.产出微小增加使利息率大幅提高B.产出微小增加使利息率大幅下降C.利息率大幅提高使产出微小增加D.利息率大幅提高使产出微小下降5.根据哈罗德-多马模型，若资本产出比率提高，则合意经济增长率（）A.提高B.下降C.不变D.不确定二分析说明题（9分/题，计 45分）1.当直线型需求曲线的点沿着需求曲线向右下方移动时，需求的价格弹性和总收益发生了什么变化？为什么？2.理性的生产者应如何组织生产？3.凯恩斯如何说明失业与通货膨胀的关系？4.乘数-加速数模型的内容以及经济含义5.运用IS-LM分析说明在开放经济中总需求变动时内在均衡与外在均衡的影响。
三计算题（10分/题，计20分）1. 已知张某的无差异曲线和预算约束线如下图，商品X的价格为5元。
求（1）张某的收入为多少？他的预算约束线的方程是什么？（2）商品Y的价格是多少？（3）张某消费均衡点的边际替代率为多少？2. 一个完全竞争的厂商使用劳动和资本从事生产，在短期内，劳动的数量可变，而资本的数量不变。
厂商根据资本和劳动估计出的成本曲线如下: LTC=（2/3）Q（3次方）-16Q（平方）+180Q ， STC=2Q（3次方）-24Q（平方）+120Q+400（1）厂商预期的长期最低要素价格是多少？（2）如果要素价格不变，在短期内，厂商继续经营的最低产品价格是多少？（3）如果产品价格为120元，那么在短期内厂商将生产多少产品？3. 假设一个萧条经济，消费函数C=15+0.75Yd，税收函数T+6+0.2Y，转移支付R=2，投资I=20，政府购买 G=10。
2009年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试题-03
第五题图
六、图示为一安全阀，其阀座直径 d=25mm，当阀座处的压力 p=4Mpa 时，通 过油的流量为 qv=10L/s，油的密度为 ρ=900Kg/m3，此时阀的开度 x=5mm。如 开启阀的初始压力 p0=3Mpa，阀的弹簧刚度 K=20N/mm，忽略流动损失，试确 定射流方向角 α 。 15 分） （
第六题图
第 3 页 共 8 页
工程热力学试题（ 工程热力学试题（60 分）任选之一
一、是非判断：是在（ ）内画“＋”号，非在（ ）内画“—”号，每题 1 分，共 10 分 共
1、 热力系是指参与热力过程的物体群（ ） 。
2、 供热系数总是大于 1，制冷系数也可以大于 1（ ） 。 3、 压缩因子的值可以大于 1，也可以小于 1（ ） 。 ） 。 ） 。
三、推求边界层的动量积分关系式（15 分） （ 四、试推导说明圆柱外伸管嘴出流流量大于同直径薄壁小孔口的出流 流量（10 分） （
第 2 页 共 8 页
五、一圆形容器，直径 D=1.2 m，完全充满水，顶盖上在 r0=0.43m 处开一小孔， 敞口测压管中的水位 h=0.5m，问旋转角速度 ω 多大时，顶盖所受的静水总压 力为零？（15 分） （
2
ρ、c p、λ、η 。
y、v u∞、T∞ x、u Tw （题 3 图）
(1) 试写出求解该对流换热问题的完整数学描述（8 分） （ ； (2) 试由其能量微分方程导出相似特征数，并说明其含义（9 分） （ ； 。 (3) 若 Tw > T∞，分析指出平板表面的热流密度方向（3 分） （
第 6 页 共 8 页
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（1）各点的状态参数（温度、压力、比体积） （3）定压加热过程的加热量 q1 p （5）循环输出的净功率 wnet
经济学综合2009(812)【试题+答案】
2009年中央财经大学812经济学综合考研真题详解第一部分微观经济学（75分）一、名词解释（12分，每小题4分）1吉芬商品【分析】吉芬商品是一个非常重要的概念，容易出名词解释，还容易出简答题。
比如，对外经济贸易大学2007年“815经济学综合”出过一道简答题：现在许多国家的高等教育发展中出现了一种现象，即伴随着大学学费的上涨，人们对大学的需求是增加的，这种市场现象被视为需求定理的例外。
这话对吗？【答案】19世纪，英国统计学家罗伯特·吉芬发现一个现象，1845年爱尔兰发生灾荒，导致土豆价格上升，但居民对土豆的需求量却反而增加了，而这无法用传统的经济学理论进行解释，故此现象称为“吉芬难题”，并将像土豆这种商品需求量和价格同方向变动的商品称为“吉芬商品”。
吉芬商品是一种特殊的低档商品。
作为低档商品，吉芬商品的替代效应与价格呈反方向的变动，收入效应与价格呈同方向的变动。
吉芬商品的特殊性就在于：它的收入效应的作用很大，以至于超过了替代效应的作用，从而使得总效应与价格呈同方向的变动。
这也就是吉芬商品的需求曲线呈现出向右上方倾斜的特殊形状的原因。
吉芬商品的替代效应和收入效应如图1所示。
图1吉芬商品的替代效应和收入效应2外部性【分析】此类考题一定要掌握好答题方法，先介绍外部性的概念，再介绍分类（外部经济和外部不经济），再指出如何来纠正由于外部性造成的市场失灵。
由本知识点可引申出另外一个重要的概念：科斯定理。
【答案】外部性也称为外溢性、相邻效应，指一个经济活动的主体对他所处的经济环境的影响。
外部性的影响会造成私人成本和社会成本之间，或私人收益和社会收益之间的不一致，这种成本和收益差别虽然会相互影响，却没有得到相应的补偿，因此容易造成市场失灵。
外部性的影响方向和作用结果具有两面性，可以分为外部经济和外部不经济。
那些能为社会和其他个人带来收益或能使社会和个人降低成本支出的外部性称为外部经济，它是对个人或社会有利的外部性；那些能够引起社会和其他个人成本增加或导致收益减少的外部性称为外部不经济，它是对个人或社会不利的。
哈尔滨工业大学849经济学原理
《经济学原理》笔记第一讲导论一、什么是宏观经济学1．定义：运用总量分析方法，分析整个国民经济的运行机制，即国民经济的总产量、总收入、总就业量、总价格水平是如何决定的，以及引起它们波动的原因是什么。
以便为政府干预经济提供理论依据，从而实现国民经济稳定、持续地增长。
2．宏观经济学的主要变量（1）总产量（值）、总收入、总就业量、总物价水平，它们代表宏观经济运行的结果（2）总供给、总需求（3）总消费、总投资、政府总支出、政府总收入或税收、总出口、总进口、货币总供给量、货币总需求量、汇率水平、利率水平3．何谓现代宏观经济学以发达的市场经济国家为背景的宏观经济学二、宏观经济学与微观经济学的关系1．内容上的互补性微观经济学通过消费者效用最大、生产者利润最大以及一般均衡的方法论证市场机制在资源配置上的有效性；而宏观经济学论证市场机制的缺陷或不足，市场失灵或失效导致政府干预经济的必要性。
总之，微观假定总量不变，研究资源的配置，宏观假定资源配置不变或机制结构不变，研究资源的充分利用问题。
二者适应现代市场经济两方面的需要，构成了现代经济学的整体。
（1）市场失灵包括：非有效性（垄断、外部经济）；不平等性（财产与能力差异带来的收入分配差距）；不稳定性（市场调节导致供需脱节造成周期性失业、通胀）（2）政府的经济作用：保护竞争和效率（反对垄断、建立国有企业、政府管制和调剂）；保持公平（累进所得税进行收入再分配、转移支付、社会福利开支）（3）保持稳定（财政政策、货币政策、总供给管理政策）2．分析方法上的异同（1）差别：微观坚持个量分析；宏观是总量分析（2）相同：实证分析；数量分析；供求均衡分析的方法三、现代宏观经济学产生和发展的基本线索现代宏观经济学产生的标志是1936年凯恩斯《就业、利息与货币通论》一书的发表。
1．前凯恩斯时期：19世纪下半叶到20世纪初的资本主义发展相对稳定，自由竞争占了主导地位，没有发生大的失业和危机。
在这一时期以马歇尔为代表的新古典经济学坚信市场机制的调节作用，主张自由放任、自由竞争，反对国家干预。
哈工大双控-控制2009年初试真题题及答案
K K G1 ( s) ，其中 G1 ( s) s0 1 则 G( j ) G1 ( j ) s j
G( ja ) G( jb )
G1 ( ja ) 0.2 令 G( ja ) G1 ( jb ) 0.2 令 G( jb )
K G1 ( ja ) 1 得 K 30 ja K G1 ( jb ) 1 得 K 3 jb
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K 6 ， G( s)
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2009经济学模拟试卷
Microeconomics Final Test 2009I. Multiple Choice (1 points per each. In total 40 points)Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. _a___ 1. Which of the following will change a nation's comparative advantage?a. a technological advance in producing manufactured goodsb. a doubling of all wagesc. quotas on importsd. a change in consumers' preferences for imported goods_b___ 2. If Japan can produce each unit of steel using fewer resources than Canada does,a. Canada has an absolute advantage in steel production.b. Japan has an absolute advantage in steel production.c. Japan has a comparative advantage in steel production.d. Canada has a comparative advantage in steel production.___c_ 3. Suppose you are considering going to the movies, and you place a $12 value on your anticipated enjoyment of the movie. The ticket price is $6 and you would be giving up two hours of work, where you earn $5 per hour. You would go toa. work; the opportunity cost of the movies exceeds the expected benefit.b. the movies; your incentive is the $6 excess expected benefit.c. the movies; your enjoyment will exceed the lost wages by $2.d. the movies; the benefit of $18 exceeds the lost wages.__a__ 4. The amount of a good or service that buyers would be willing and able to purchase at a specific price is known asa. quantity demanded.b. demand.c. supply.d. quantity supplied.b____ 5. Which of the following are the best examples of substitute goods?a. personal computers and computer software programsb. milk and cookiesc. IBM and Gateway personal computersd. hot dogs and mustard__c__ 6. Which of the following sets of goods are most likely to be complementary goods?a. shoes and pizzab. automobiles and computersc. baseballs and baseball glovesd. football tickets and baseball tickets_c___ 7. An increase in the number of tomato producers willa. increase market supply because the price of tomatoes will rise.b. increase market supply because market demand will increase as more tomatoes are produced.c. increase market supply because market supply is the sum of all the individual tomato producers' supply curves.d. increase market demand but leave market supply unchanged.__c __ 8. If price elasticity of demand is 2.0, this implies that consumers woulda. buy twice as much of the good if price falls by 10 percent.b. require a 2 percent cut in price to raise quantity demanded of the good by 1 percent.c. buy 2 percent more of the good in response to a 1 percent cut in price.d. require at least a $2 increase in price before showing any response to the price increase.__b__ 9. If Weiskamp T-Shirt Co. lowers its price from $6 to $5 and finds that students increase their quantity demanded from 400 to 600 T-shirts, then the demand for Weiskamp T-shirts within this price range isa. price inelastic.b. price elastic.c. unit elastic.d. cross elastic.__b__ 10. A 5 percent increase in the price of sugar reduces sugar consumption by about 10 percent. The increase causes households toa. spend more on sugar.b. spend less on sugar.c. spend the same amount on sugar.d. consume more goods like coffee and tea that are complements of sugar.__c__ 11. In which of the markets listed below would you expect the least elastic response from suppliers?a. fast foodb. soft drinkc. road buildingd. Picasso paintings___b_ 12. If the price elasticity of supply equals zero, this implies thata. suppliers can easily change quantity supplied when price changes.b. the supply curve is perfectly vertical.c. the percentage change in price of the good supplied is zero.d. the percentage change in quantity supplied equals the percentage change in price.__b_ 13. If the equilibrium price of bread is $2 and the government imposes a $1.50 price ceiling on the price of bread,a. more bread will be produced to meet the increased demand.b. there will be a shortage of bread.c. the demand for bread will decrease because suppliers will reduce their supply.d. a surplus of bread will emerge._d___14. Rent controls typically end upa. increasing rents received by landlords.b. raising property values.c. encouraging landlords to overspend for maintenance.d. discouraging new housing construct ion.__b__ 15. Assume that the government sets a ceiling on the interest rate that banks charge on loans. If the ceiling is set below the market equilibrium interest rate, the result will bea. a surplus of credit.b. a shortage of credit.c. greater profits for banks issuing credit.d. a perfectly inelastic supply of credit in the market place.____a 16. Which of the following best explains the source of consumer surplus for good A?a. Many consumers would be willing to pay more than the market price for good A.b. Many consumers pay prices that are greater than the equilibrium price of good A.c. Many consumers think the market price of good A is greater than its cost.d. Many consumers think the price elasticity of demand for good A is unit elastic._b___ 17. If you had been willing to pay $2.19 for the gallon of milk purchased at the supermarket but were required to pay only $1.89, you have gaineda. a refund of $.30 from the clerk.b. a consumer surplus amounting to $.30.c. excess marginal benefit of $2.19.d. producer surplus of $.30.b___18. If demand increases when supply is perfectly elastic, thena. consumer surplus will remain the same.b. consumer surplus will increase.c. it is not possible to predict the change in consumer surplus.d. consumer surplus will decrease with the increase in price.__a__ 19. Consumer surplus tends to be small whena. demand is elastic.b. supply is elastic.c. demand is inelastic.d. supply is inelastic._c___ 20. Producer surplus tends to be large whena. supply is elastic.b. demand is elastic.c. supply is inelastic.d. demand is inelastic.__d__ 21. Which of the following is an example of a positive externality?a. air pollutionb. a person who litters in a public parkc. a consumer whose dream comes true when she buys a new convertibled. a nice garden in front of your neighbor's house__c__ 22. Dead weight lossa. means that there is a loss to some individuals without a corresponding gain to others.b. is not really a loss to society because what one individual loses another individual gains.c. can be eliminated by sales taxes.d. can occur even if output is at the efficient level._c___23. The deadweight loss from an economically inefficient situation is equal toa. consumer surplus minus producer surplus.b. consumer surplus plus producer surplus.c. the consumer and producer surplus that people could gain by eliminating that inefficiency.d. the increase in consumer surplus minus the increase in producer surplus that people could gain by eliminating that inefficiency.__c__ 24. The difference between accounting profit and economic profit relates toa. the manner in which revenues are defined.b. how total revenue is calculated.c. the manner in which costs are defined.d. the price of the good in the market.___d _ 25.As Al's Radiator Co. continues to add workers, while keeping the same amount of machinery, some workers may be underutilized because they have little work to do while waiting in line to use the machinery. When this occurs, Al's Radiator Co. encountersa. economies of scale.b. diseconomies of scale.c. increasing marginal returns.d. diminishing marginal returns.__d__26. Which of the following costs of publishing a book is a fixed cost?a. author royalties of 5% per bookb. costs of paper and bindingc. shipping and postaged. composition, typesetting, and jacket design__b__27. Which of the following is the best example of a variable cost?a. monthly payments for hired laborb. property tax paymentsc. monthly rent payments for a warehoused. pension payments to retired workers__d__ 28. If marginal cost is greater than average total cost thena. profits are increasing.b. economies of scale are becoming greater.c. average total cost remains constant.d. average total cost is increasing._b__ 29. The minimum points of the average variable cost and average total cost curves occur wherea. the marginal cost curve lies below the average variable cost and average total cost curves.b. the marginal cost curve intersects those curves.c. wages are the lowest.d. the slope of total cost is the smallest.__c__ 30. When the marginal product of labor falls, the marginal cost of outputa. falls, then rises.b. becomes negative.c. rises.d. remains constant.__a__ 31. Which of the following factors is most likely to shift IBM's total cost and marginal cost curves downward?a. a technological advance resulting in increased productivityb. higher property taxes charged by the municipal governmentc. increased wages to attract additional computer operatorsd. a reduction in subsidies from the state government__a__ 32. Economies of scalea. requires a change in the size of operations and therefore is a long-run consideration.b. requires a more intensive use of existing plant and therefore is a short-run consideration.c. means that a doubling of plant size will double output.d. requires a change in the size of plant and therefore is a short-run consideration._a_ 33. Since the 1980s, Wal-Mart stores have appeared in almost every community in America. Wal-Mart buys their goods in large quantities and therefore at cheaper prices. Wal-Mart also locates its stores where land prices are low, usually outside of the community business district. Many customers shop a t Wal-Mart because of low prices and free parking. Local retailers, like the neighborhood drug store, often go out of business because they lose customers. This story demonstrates thata. consumers are boycotting local retailers whose prices are relatively higher.b. there are diseconomies of scale in retail sales.c. there are economies of scale in retail sales.d. there are diminishing returns to producing and selling retail goods._a___34. A local bagel company plans to keep and maintain its bagel factory, which is estimated to last 25 years. All cost decisions it makes during the 25-year perioda. are short-run decisions.b. are long-run decisions.c. involve only maintenance of the factory.d. are zero, since the cost decisions were made at the beginning ofthe business._b___ 35. If a firm experiences constant returns to scale at all output levels, then its long-run average total cost curve woulda. slope downward.b. be horizontal.c. slope upward.d. slope downward for low output levels and upward for high output levels._c___ 36. Which of the following explains why long-run average cost at first decreases as output increases?a. diseconomies of scaleb. less-efficient use of inputsc. fixed costs becoming spread out over more units of outputd. gains from specialization of inputs__c__ 37. The total cost to the firm of producing zero units of output isa. zero in both the short run and the long run.b. its fixed cost in the short run, zero in the long run.c. its fixed cost in both the short run and the long run.d. its variable cost in both the short run and the long run.__a__ 38. Which of the following firms is the closest to being a perfectly competitive firm?a. a hot dog vendor in New Yorkb. Microsoft Corporationc. Ford Motor Companyd. the campus bookstore_b___39. Free entry means thata. there are no costs of entering into an industry.b. no legal barriers prevent a firm from entering an industry.c. a firm's marginal cost is zero.d. a firm has no fixed costs in the short run._d___ 40. Most markets are not monopolies in the real world becausea. firms usually face downward-sloping demand curves.b. supply curves slope upward.c. price is usually set equal to marginal cost by firms.d. there are reasonable substitutes for most goods.II. Term definition (2 points per each. 20 points in total)1. Comparative advantage2. Production possibilities frontier3. Substitution effect4. Inferior good5. Price ceiling6. Coase theorem7. Free riding8. Cross-price elasticity of demand9. Economic profit10. Endowment effectIII. Discussion (4 points per each. 20 points in total)1. Why are the marginal and average cost curves U-shaped?2. Is it possible for a factory to be too big?3. How a monopolistically competitive firm maximizes profits in the short run?4. What is the main reason for deciding whether to produce or to shut down in the short run?5. What is the p risoners’ dilemma? Can firms escape the p risoners’ dilemma?IV. Case Analysis (20 points in total)Disneyland PricingDisneyland, in southern California, is a well-run operation that rarely misses a trick when it comes to increasing profits. In 2005, Disneyland charged most adults $76 for a park hopper ticket (good for both Disneyland and Disney’s California Adventure park) but charged southern Californians only $71. This policy of giving localsdiscounts makes sense if visitors from afar are willing to pay more than locals and if Disneyland can prevent locals from selling discount tickets to nonlocals. Imagine a Midwesterner who’s never been to Disneyland before and wants to visit. Travel accounts for most of the cost of trip, so an extra $5 for entrance to Disneyland makes little percentage difference in the total cost of a visit and hence doesn’t greatly affect that person’s decision whether or not to go. In contrast, for a local who has gone to Disneyland many times and for whom the entrance price is a larger share of the cost of the visit, a slightly higher price might prevent a visit.Charging both groups the same price is not in Disney’s best interest. If Disney were to charge the higher price to everyone, it would be charging nonresidents much less than they are willing to pay.By setting different prices for the two groups, Disney increases its profit if it can prevent the locals from selling discount tickets to others. Disney prevents resales by checking a purchaser’s driver’s license and requiring that the ticket be used for same-day entrance.Questions:Disneyland price discriminates by charging lower entry fees for children than adults and for local residents than for other visitors.Why does it not have a resales problem? What conditions must be met for Disneyland to price discriminate successfully?。
2009年哈工大经济学原理试题
2009年哈工大经济学原理试题哈尔滨工业大学2009年硕士研究生入学经济学原理考试试题一、名词解释市场失灵科斯定理洛伦兹曲线货币中性自然失业率周期性失业货币乘数资本黄金规则二、简答1、根据生产周期假说，若其他条件不变，一个国家规定若其公民的退休年龄提前五年那么预期该国的总消费占GDP的比重将发生什么变化？2、试简析投资剧烈波动的原因。
3、货币主义的货币需求函数与传统货币数量理论的联系与区别。
4、有人说“AD向右下方倾斜式因为它是个别物品需求曲线的个别相加”，分析正误5、假设债务人与债权人一致同意按名义利率支付货款利息，以后通胀高于双方预期，这笔货款的实际利率是低于还是高于预期的水平？谁从这种未预期到的通胀中受益？6、当市场供求均衡时，生产者剩余和消费者剩余是否达到最大化？三、计算1、假设以下供给和需求曲线描述了这样一个市场；Q S=2P，Q d=300－P①、求均衡数量和价格②、假设对买者每单位产品征收T，求新市场均衡③税收收入是T×Q，求解作为T的函数的税收收入。
2、假设经济中C=100+0.75Y d，I=125-600r , G=50 T=20+0.2Y。
①IS方程②IS斜率③若r=15%，Y是多少？如果充分就业收入Yf=465，应增加多少G才能充分就业④当增加政府收入△G=10时，收入增加多少？四、分析（15）1.鲍博的剪草坪中心是利润最大化的竞争性企业，鲍博每剪一块草坪是27￥，他每天的总成本是280￥，其中30￥是固定成本，他一天剪十块草坪，试确定鲍博的短期和长期经营决策。
2.假设金矿行业是竞争性的a.用黄金市场和？典型金矿的图形说明长期均衡b.假设珠宝需求增加引起对黄金的需求急剧增加，用你的图形说明，短期中黄金市场和每个现存的金矿会发生什么变动。
3.假设石油卡特尔组织通过限制竞争，从而增加了世界石油价格，面对不利的供给冲击，试分析美联储如何反应？假设决策者不采取实际行动，经济的长期均衡会走向何处。
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哈尔滨工业大学2009年硕士研究生入学经济学原理考试试题
一、名词解释
市场失灵科斯定理洛伦兹曲线货币中性自然失业率周期性失业货币乘数资本黄金规则
二、简答
1、根据生产周期假说，若其他条件不变，一个国家规定若其公民的退休年龄提
前五年那么预期该国的总消费占GDP的比重将发生什么变化？
2、试简析投资剧烈波动的原因。
3、货币主义的货币需求函数与传统货币数量理论的联系与区别。
4、有人说“AD向右下方倾斜式因为它是个别物品需求曲线的个别相加”，分析
正误
5、假设债务人与债权人一致同意按名义利率支付货款利息，以后通胀高于双方
预期，这笔货款的实际利率是低于还是高于预期的水平？谁从这种未预期到的通胀中受益？
6、当市场供求均衡时，生产者剩余和消费者剩余是否达到最大化？
三、计算
1、假设以下供给和需求曲线描述了这样一个市场；
Q S=2P，Q d=300－P
①、求均衡数量和价格②、假设对买者每单位产品征收T，求新市场均衡③
税收收入是T×Q，求解作为T的函数的税收收入。
2、假设经济中C=100+0.75Y d，I=125-600r , G=50 T=20+0.2Y。
①IS方程②IS斜率③若r=15%，Y是多少？如果充分就业收入Yf=465，应增加多少G才能充分就业④当增加政府收入△G=10时，收入增加多少？
四、分析（15）
1.鲍博的剪草坪中心是利润最大化的竞争性企业，鲍博每剪一块草坪是27￥，
他每天的总成本是280￥，其中30￥是固定成本，他一天剪十块草坪，试确定鲍博的短期和长期经营决策。
2.假设金矿行业是竞争性的
a.用黄金市场和？典型金矿的图形说明长期均衡
b.假设珠宝需求增加引起对黄金的需求急剧增加，用你的图形说明，短期
中黄金市场和每个现存的金矿会发生什么变动。
3.假设石油卡特尔组织通过限制竞争，从而增加了世界石油价格，面对不利的
供给冲击，试分析美联储如何反应？
假设决策者不采取实际行动，经济的长期均衡会走向何处。
五、论述题
经济波动是经济运行过程中的基本事实，经济波动有许多潜在来源，试从一个或多个角度分析经济波动的成因及烫平经济波动的对策。