chapter1作业答案
数值分析报告上机题课后作业全部-东南大学
实用标准文案文档大全上机作业题报告2015.1.9 USER1.Chapter 11.1题目设S N =∑1j 2−1N j=2，其精确值为)11123(21+--N N 。
（1）编制按从大到小的顺序11131121222-+⋯⋯+-+-=N S N ，计算S N 的通用程序。
（2）编制按从小到大的顺序1211)1(111222-+⋯⋯+--+-=N N S N ，计算S N 的通用程序。
（3）按两种顺序分别计算64210,10,10S S S ,并指出有效位数。
（编制程序时用单精度） （4）通过本次上机题，你明白了什么？1.2程序1.3运行结果1.4结果分析按从大到小的顺序，有效位数分别为：6，4，3。
按从小到大的顺序，有效位数分别为：5，6，6。
可以看出，不同的算法造成的误差限是不同的，好的算法可以让结果更加精确。
当采用从大到小的顺序累加的算法时，误差限随着N 的增大而增大，可见在累加的过程中，误差在放大，造成结果的误差较大。
因此，采取从小到大的顺序累加得到的结果更加精确。
2.Chapter 22.1题目（1）给定初值0x 及容许误差ε，编制牛顿法解方程f(x)=0的通用程序。
（2）给定方程03)(3=-=x xx f ,易知其有三个根3,0,3321=*=*-=*x x x○1由牛顿方法的局部收敛性可知存在,0>δ当),(0δδ+-∈x 时，Newton 迭代序列收敛于根x2*。
试确定尽可能大的δ。
○2试取若干初始值，观察当),1(),1,(),,(),,1(),1,(0+∞+-----∞∈δδδδx 时Newton 序列的收敛性以及收敛于哪一个根。
（3）通过本上机题，你明白了什么？2.2程序2.3运行结果（1）寻找最大的δ值。
算法为：将初值x0在从0开始不断累加搜索精度eps，带入Newton迭代公式，直到求得的根不再收敛于0为止，此时的x0值即为最大的sigma值。
运行Find.m，得到在不同的搜索精度下的最大sigma值。
离散数学 课件 the_whole_exercises_from_chapter_1_to_chapter_4-discrete_mathematics
《离散数学》布置的课后作业习题解答作者：黄海平第一次布置的作业：P8 1-1,1-2习题(1) 指出下列语句哪些是命题，哪些不是命题，如果是命题，指出它的真值。
a) 离散数学是计算机科学系的一门必修课。
命题，Tb) 计算机有空吗？ 不是命题c) 明天我去看电影。
命题，根据主体情况可能为T 或者F d) 请勿随地吐痰！ 不是命题e) 不存在最大质数。
命题，Tf) 如果我掌握了英语、法语，那么学习其它欧洲语言就容易得多。
命题，Tg) 9+5≤12 命题，Fh) x=3 不是命题i) 我们要努力学习。
不是命题，是陈述句，但是没有真假值(3) 设P 表示命题“天下雪”，Q 表示命题“我将去镇上”，R 表示命题“我有时间”，以符号形式写出下列命题。
a) 如果天不下雪和我有时间，那么我将去镇上。
()P R Q ⌝∧→b) 我将去镇上，仅当我有时间时。
Q R →c) 天不下雪。
P ⌝d) 天下雪，那么我不去镇上。
P Q →⌝(5) 将下列命题符号化。
a) 小李一边看书，一边听音乐。
P: 小李看书。
Q: 小李听音乐。
P Q ∧d) 如果a 和b 是偶数，则a+b 是偶数。
写法一： P: a 和b 是偶数。
Q: a+b 是偶数。
P Q →写法二： P: a 是偶数。
Q: b 是偶数。
R: a+b 是偶数。
P Q R ∧→f) 停机的原因在于语法错误或程序错误。
P: 停机。
Q: 语法错误。
R: 程序错误。
P Q R ∨P12 1-3习题(5) 试把原子命题表示为P 、Q 、R 等，然后用符号译出下列各句子。
a) 或者你没有给我写信，或者它在途中丢失了。
P: 你给我写信。
Q: 信在途中丢失了。
P Q ⌝∨ 或者 ()P R ⌝⌝d) 如果你来了，那末他唱不唱歌将看你是否伴奏而定。
P: 你来了。
Q: 他唱歌。
R: 你伴奏。
()P R Q →(7) 用符号形式写出下列命题。
语言学作业 第一章
语言学作业班级：姓名：Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsI. Please illustrate the following terms.1. Arbitrariness:The forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.The different levels of arbitrariness:(1) Arbitrary relationship between the sound of a morpheme and its meaning, even with onomatopoeic words(2) Arbitrariness at the syntactic level: language is not arbitrary at the syntactic level.(3) The link between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention.2. DualityThe property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.3. Phatic communionPhatic communion refers to the social interaction of language.4. Synchronic linguistics:A synchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind.II. Please distinguish the following terms:1. Langue vs. ParoleLangue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, that is, the lexicon, grammar, and phonology implanted in each individual, and it is the linguist’s proper object;Parole refers to the realization of langue, the immediately accessible data. While parole constitutes the immediately accessible data, and it is a mass of confused facts, so it is not suitable for systematic investigation..(1) Langue is abstract, while parole is specific to the situation in which it occurs.(2) Langue is not actually spoken by anyone, while parole is always a naturally occurring event.(3) Langue is relatively stable, systematic and social, while parole is subject to personal, individual and situational constraints.(4) Langue is essential while parole is accessory and accidental.2. Descriptive vs. PrescriptiveThe distinction lies in prescribing how things ought to be and describing how things are.Traditional grammar was very strongly normative in grammarians tried to lay down rules for the correct use of language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all. That is prescriptive.These attitudes are still with us, though people realize nowadays the facts of usage count more than the authority-made “standards”. Thenature of linguistics as a science determines its preoccupation with description instead of prescription.3. Synchronic vs. DiachronicSynchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind.Actually synchrony is a fiction since any language is changing as the minutes pass.Diachronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.4. Competence vs. PerformanceAccording to Chomsky:A language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic competence.Performance refers to the actual use of language or the actual realization of this knowledge in utterances in concrete situations.A speaker’s competence is stable while his performance is often influenced by psychological and social factors, so a speaker’s performance does not always or equal his supposed competence.He believes that linguists ought to study competence rather than performance.5. Langue vs. CompetenceAccording to Chomsky:Langue is a social product, a systematic inventory of rules of the language, a set of conventions for a speech community.Competence is defined from the psychological point of view, is deemedas a property of the mind of each individuals, or underlying competence as a system of generative processes.According to Hymes:He approaches language from a socio-cultural viewpoint with the aim of studying the varieties of ways of speaking on the part of individual and the community.He extended notion of competence, restricted by Chomsky to a knowledge of grammar, to incorporate the pragmatic ability for language use. This extended idea of competence can be called communicative competence.III. Answer the following questions in brief:1. The following are some book titles of linguistics. Can you judge thesynchronic or diachronic orientation just from the titles1) English Examined: Two Centuries of Comment on the Mother Tongue2) Protean Shape: A Study in Eighteenth-century Vocabulary and Usage3) Pejorative Sense Development in English4) The Categories and Types of Present-Day English Word-Formation5) Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular 1) diachronic 2）synchronic 3）diachronic 4）synchronic5）We can’t judge whether it is synchronic or diachronic orientation just from the titles.2. What is language What is linguisticsLanguage can be defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication and interaction.Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. The aims of linguistic theory: 1) what is knowledge of language (Competence) 2) howis knowledge of language acquired (Acquisition) 3) how is knowledge of language put to use (Performance/language processing). Main branches of linguistics:Phonetics, Phonology Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics.3. How do you understand performative function of languageThe performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons or the situations of events, as in marriage ceremonies, the sentencing of criminals, the blessing of children, the naming of a ship at a launching ceremony, and the cursing of enemies.The kind of language employed in performative verbal acts is usually quite formal and even ritualized.The performative function can extend to the control of reality as on some magical or religious occasions.For example, in Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an as a means of controlling the invisible forces which the believers feel might affect their lives adversely.IV. Discuss the following question in detail.How do you interpret the viewpoint that “arbitrariness is a matter of degree”1)Arbitrary relationship between the sound of a morpheme and its meaning, even with onomatopoeic words:The dog barks bow wow in English but “汪汪汪” in Chinese.2) Arbitrariness at the syntactic level: language is not arbitrary at the syntactic level.He came in and sat down.He sat down and came in.He sat down after he came in.3) The link between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention.Arbitrariness of language makes it potentiallycreative.Conventionality of language makes learning a languagelaborious.Chapter 2 Speech SoundsI. Complete the following statements.1. Human language enable their users to symbolize objects, events andconcepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as __________.2. The sound [p] can be described with “voiced, __________, stop.”3. The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phoneticallydifferent but do not make one word different from another in meaning,, are_________.4. Both semantics and ________ investigate linguistic meaning, but theyfocus on different aspects.5. If certain linguistics tries to lay down rules for the correct useof language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all, it is ___________ linguistics.6. Phones that fall into allophones of a phoneme have to satisfy twoconditions, one is they are ___________________, and another is that they should be in _____________________.7. The vowel ________ is high front tense unrounded.8. A dog cannot tell people that its master will be home in a few days,because its language does not have the feature of ___________.9. Computational linguistics often refers to the problems of________________, information retrieval, and ______________.10. Halliday proposed a theory of metafunctions of language, that is,language has ___________, ____________ and _____________ functions. II. Define the following terms.1. Manner of articulation:2. Distinctive features:3. Intonation:4. Assimilation:III. Answer the following questions briefly.1. Specify the difference between each pair of sounds using distinctivefeatures.1) [l] [ł] 2) [p h] [p] 3) [b] [d] 4) [k] [g] 5) [I][u]2. Work out the features of the following sounds.1) [t h] ________________________________________2) [w] ________________________________________3) [v] ________________________________________4) [ð] _________________________________________5) [l] __________________________________________3. In some dialects of English the following words have different vowels,as shown by the phonetic transcription. Based on these data, answer the questions that follow.A B. Cbite [bʌit] bide [ba i d] tie [ta i]rice [rʌis] rise [ra i z] by [ba i]type [tʌip] bribe [b r aib] sigh [s a i]wife [wʌif] wives [wa i vz] die [d a i]tyke [tʌik] time [ta i m] why [wa i]1) What is the difference of the sounds that end the words in columnsA and B2) How do the words in column C differ from those in column A and B3) Are [ʌi] and [a i] in complementary distribution Give your reasons.4) What are the phonetic transcriptions of (a) life and (b) lives5) What would the phonetic transcriptions of the following words be inthe dialects of English shown in the data(a) trial (b) bike (c) lice(d) fly (e) mine6) State the rule that will relate the phonemic representations to bephonetic transcriptions of the words given above.IV. Discuss the questions in details.1. Illustrate phoneme, phone and allophone.2. To what extent is phonology related ot phonetics and how do they differ。
经济学课后作业答案1-8
《经济学》课后布置练习作业答案Chapter 1：pp19 & 20—Q4, 8, 15, 174. The manager is failing to think at the margin. Dell has lost $400,000 on the last 10,000 laptops, so their profits would have been higher if they had not produced them.8. The contractors had little incentive to deliver the Indians to Oklahoma alive. Instead, they benefited when the Indians died along the way, because they had to spend even less money on food and transportation. One way to change the incentives to lower the death rate would have been to pay the contractors more if the Indians arrived safely in Oklahoma.15. a. The central reason for outsourcing to China is that firms believe they can earn a higher profit in the process.b. Outsourcing to China isn’t risk-free. In most cases, the entrepreneur has no guarantee that the costs of outsourcing (payments to the workers plus costs of arranging things and supervising from a distance, for example) will be lower than the costs of production with domestic workers whose productivity and quality of workmanship may be much higher.17. a. and d. are microeconomic questions; b. and c. are macroeconomic questions.Chapter 2：pp57-59—Q4, 7, 11, 15, 16;4. Absolute advantage is the ability to produce more of a good or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. Comparative advantage is the ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers. It is possible to have a comparative advantage in producing a good even if someone else has an absolute advantage in producing that good (and every other good). Unless the two producers have exactly the same opportunity costs of producing two goods – the same tradeoff between the two goods –one producer will have a comparative advantage in making one of the goods and the other producer will have a comparative advantage in making the other good.7. If the federal government has a fixed budget for medical research, then the opportunity cost of funding more research on heart disease is the reduction in funding for research on other diseases. The decision should be made at the margin: to maximize the benefits fromgovernment spending on medical research, the last dollar devoted to research on heart disease should result in the same marginal benefit – less disease and fewer deaths – as the last dollar spent on research for other diseases. If the additional funding for research on heart disease comes at the expense of other non-medical research expenditures, then the opportunity cost will change, but a similar analysis should be conducted.11. a. Canada has the comparative advantage in making boots. Canada’s opportunity cost of making one boot is giving up one shirt. In the U.S., the opportunity cost of making one boot is giving up three shirts. The U.S. has the comparative advantage in making shirts. In the U.S., the opportunity cost of making one shirt is giving up one-third of a boot, bu t Canada’s opportunity cost of making one shirt is one boot.b. Neither country has an absolute advantage in making both goods. The U.S. has the absolute advantage in shirts, but Canada has the absolute advantage in boots.c. If both countries specialize in the good in which they have a comparative advantage and then trade with the other, they can both be better off. Let’s use the case in which each trades half of what it makes for half of what the other makes. The U.S. will specialize by making 12 sh irts and Canada will specialize by making 6 boots. Since each gets half of the other’s production, they both end up with 6 shirts and 3 boots. This means they are better off than before trading, since they end up with the same amount of boots, but twice as many shirts. Others trades will make them better off, as well.12. a. Neither country has a comparative advantage in either good. In both countries, the opportunity cost of one barrel of oil is one barrel of olive oil. Comparative advantage only arises if someone has a lower opportunity cost, but these two countries have the same opportunity cost.b. No, the countries can’t gain from trade. Trading across the border gives the same tradeoffs that can be made within each country.14. Yes, the United States would have benefited from importing those products where Britain had a comparative advantage.15. a. An auto purchase takes place in the product market. The household (George) demandsthe good and the firm (BMW) supplies the good.b. The labor market is a factor market. The households supply the labor and the firm demands the labor.c. This is a factor market. The household (George) supplies the factor of production (labor), while the firm (McDonald’s) demands it.d. The land market is a factor market. The household supplies the factor of production and the firm demands it.16. Adam Smith was making the ―invisible hand‖ argument that, in pursuing their self-interest, business people end up producing the goods and services most desired by consumers.Chapter 8 p259—Q3, 4, 7, 253. Absolute advantage is the ability to produce more of a good or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. Comparative advantage is the ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers. A country will often import goods in which it has an absolute advantage. For example, the U.S. could produce textiles with fewer resources than in China, but China produces these goods for the U.S. allowing it to produce other goods that are even more valuable.4. International trade increases a country’s consumption because it allows it to specialize in the goods and services which it can produce at the lowest opportunity cost and trade for goods and services for which it has a higher opportunity cost.7. Free trade probably benefits smaller countries more because without trade it would be difficult for producers in these countries to benefit from external economies and economies of scale. Also, larger more populous countries are likely to have a wider range of people with a wider range of comparative advantages, so they can gain significantly from trading among themselves, but this is less likely in smaller countries.25.Chapter 3：pp91-94—Q2, 3, 21. 22;2. a. substitutes b. complements c. complements d. probably unrelated3. a. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the left.b. There will be a movement down the demand curve for Big Macs.c. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the left (assuming that Big Macs and fries are complements).d. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the right.See page 71 of the textbook for graphs that shift to the right and to the left.21. a. Trueb. False (it depends on whether demand shifts more than supply)c. False (the price will definitely decrease)22.Chapter 6：pp193-194—Q2, 3, 5, 6, 192. The price elasticity = (percentage change in quantity demanded)/(percentage change in price) = –25%/10% = –2.5. This is elastic.3. In calculating the percentage change in price and quantity, the midpoint formula divides by the average of the starting and ending values.Midpoint Formula:M idpoint Formula:(Q2-Q1)Q1+Q22⎛⎝⎫⎭⎪÷(P2-P1)P1+P22⎛⎝⎫⎭⎪Percentage changes can also be calculated by using the starting or ending value without averaging, but this gives different results depending on whether the starting or ending value is used.5. The demand for most agricultural goods is inelastic. This is probably because people already have about enough to eat, so they won’t increase purchases much if the price falls.6. The most important determinant of the price elasticity of demand is usually the availability of substitutes for the product. If there are good substitutes, elasticity will be high becausepeople can switch away to another good as the product’s price rises. Other factors determining the price elasticity of demand for a product include the passage of time, whether the good is a necessity or a luxury, how narrowly the market for the good is defined, and the share of the good in the consumer’s budget.19a. The gain in revenue is $12 x 500,000 = $6,000,000.19b. Using the midpoint formula, the percentage change in price =95.33$95.27$95.39$- x 100 = 35.3%.Therefore, the percentage change in quantity demanded = –2 x 35.3% = –70.6%. So, we have:–-0.706 = ()⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+-2000,500000,500Q Q ; or Q = 239,098. Revenue before the price change = $27.95 x 500,000 = $13,975,000. Revenue after the price change = $39.95 x 239,098 = $9,551,965. So, the change in revenue is $9,551,965 – 13,975,000 = –$4,423,035.Chapter 4：pp121-124—Q1, 4, 9, 191. a. 28 million cratesb. a surplus of 6 million cratesc. The apple growers will benefit. Their revenue will increase from $8 x 30,000,000 = $240,000,000 to $10 x 28,000,000 = $280,000,000.4. a. As the supply curve shifts inward from S1 to S2, consumer surplus will decrease from A +B +C +D to A.b. Producer surplus will change from E + F + G to B + E. This may be an increase or a decrease, depending on the size of B relative to F + G.c. Total surplus will fall from A + B + C + D + E + F + G to A + B + E.9. A ―blacklist‖ of ―high-risk‖ renters is more likely to exist in a city with rent control. With rent control in place, there is a shortage of apartments and each landlord has many rentershoping to get the apartment, so landlords can be very choosy about renters. If there were a list of high-risk renters in a non-rent-control city, it is likely that these renters could get an apartment by agreeing to pay a bit more than the going price, but in rent control cities it is illegal to charge more.19. a. If you are currently a renter, the law will probably make you better off, unless you are one of those whose landlord removes his apartment from the market.b. Worse off, since you’ll probably not be able to find a vacant apartment.c. Worse off.d. Better off, unless you get caught and the penalty is large.Chapter 7：pp217-218—Q1,3,9,11,131. It depends on the type of business you are entering. Incorporation has the advantage of limited liability, but the disadvantage of additional taxes. If you choose not to incorporate your choice between a sole proprietorship and a partnership will depend on whether or not you’ll gain enough by bringing in a partner and sharing control and profits with him or her. 3. You would rather own the bonds, because a firm losing money is unlikely to pay a dividend, and if the firm goes bankrupt, the bondholders are paid off before the stockholders.9. Finding someone to borrow your money may be difficult. You would then have to check out that person’s credit, write a loan agreement, and repossess the car if the borrower fails to pay back the loan. Banks specialize in these activities, you don’t.13. Because the bond can be traded a few years from now, tomorrow or even a few minutes from now, the purchasers of the bond needn’t be only very young people.。
国际财务管理作业Chapter 1 - Test Bank (注释版)
Chapter 1—Multinational Financial Management: An Overview1. The commonly accepted goal of the MNC (跨国公司) is to:a. maximize short-term earnings.b. maximize shareholder wealth (股东财富).c. minimize risk.d. A and C.e. maximize international sales.ANS: B PTS: 12. With regard to corporate goals, an MNC (跨国公司) is mostly concerned with maximizing ____, and apurely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业) is mostly concerned with maximizing ____.a. shareholder wealth (股东财富); short-term earningsb. shareholder wealth (股东财富); shareholder wealth (股东财富)c. short-term earnings; sales volumed. short-term earnings; shareholder wealth (股东财富)ANS: B PTS: 13. For the MNC (跨国公司), agency costs (代理成本) are typically:a. non-existent.b. larger than agency costs (代理成本) of a small purely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业).c. smaller than agency costs (代理成本) of a small purely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业).d. the same as agency costs (代理成本) of a small purely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业).ANS: B PTS: 14. Which of the following (下列哪个) could reduce agency problems (代理问题) for an MNC (跨国公司)?a. stock options as managerial compensation.b. hostile takeover (收购) threat.c. investor monitoring.d. all of the above (上述全部) are forms of corporate control that could reduce agencyproblems (代理问题) for an MNC (跨国公司).ANS: D PTS: 15. The valuation (评价) of an MNC (跨国公司) should rise when an event causes the expected cashflows (预期的现金流) from foreign to ____ and when foreign currencies denominating these cashflows are expected to ____.a. decrease; appreciateb. increase; appreciatec. decrease; depreciated. increase; depreciateANS: B PTS: 16. Which of the following (下列哪个) theories identifies specialization (专业化) as a reason forinternational business (国际商务)?a. Theory of Comparative Advantage (比较优势理论) (比较优势).b. Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) theory.c. product cycle (产品周期) theory.d. none of the aboveANS: A PTS: 17. Which of the following (下列哪个) theories identifies the non-transferability of resources (资源的不可转移性) as a reason for international business (国际商务)?a. Theory of Comparative Advantage (比较优势理论) (比较优势).b. Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) theory.c. product cycle (产品周期) theory.d. none of the aboveANS: B PTS: 18. Which of the following (下列哪个) theories suggests that firms seek to penetrate new markets (进入新的市场) over time?a. Theory of Comparative Advantage (比较优势理论) (比较优势).b. Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) theory.c. product cycle (产品周期) theory.d. none of the aboveANS: C PTS: 19. Which of the following (下列哪个) industries would most likely take advantage of lower costs insome less developed foreign countries?a. assembly line production.b. specialized professional services.c. nuclear missile planning.d. planning for more sophisticated computer technology.ANS: A PTS: 110. Due to the risks involved in international business (国际商务), firms should:a. only consider international business (国际商务) in major countries.b. maintain international business (国际商务) to no more than 20% of total business.c. maintain international business (国际商务) to no more than 35% of total business.d. none of the aboveANS: D PTS: 111. A product cycle (产品周期) is the process by which a firm provides a specialized sales or servicestrategy, support assistance, and possibly an initial investment in the franchise in exchange for periodic fees.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 112. Licensing (许可) is the process by which a firm provides its technology (copyrights, patents,trademarks, or trade names) in exchange for fees or some other specified benefits.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 113. The agency costs (代理成本) of an MNC (跨国公司) are likely to be lower if it:a. scatters its subsidiaries across many foreign countries.b. increases its volume of international business (国际商务).c. uses a centralized management style.d. A and B.ANS: C PTS: 114. An MNC (跨国公司) may be more exposed to agency problems (代理问题) if most of its shares areheld by:a. a few mutual funds (共同基金)b. a widely dispersed set of individual investorsc. a few pension funds (养老基金)d. all of the above (上述全部) would prevent agency problems (代理问题)ANS: B PTS: 115. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act improves corporate governance (公司治理) of MNCs (跨国公司) because it:a. makes executives more accountable for verifying financial statementsb. eliminates stock options as a form of compensationc. ties executive compensation to firm performanced. places a limit on the amount of funds that managers can spendANS: A PTS: 116. MNCs (跨国公司) can improve their internal control (内部控制) process by all of the following,except (除了):a. establishing a centralized data base of informationb. ensuring that all data are reported consistently among subsidiariesc. ensuring that the MNC (跨国公司) always borrows from countries where interest rates arelowestd. using a system that checks internal data for unusual discrepanciesANS: C PTS: 117. Franchising (特许经营) is the process by which national governments sell state owned operations tocorporations and other investors.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 118. The parent of MNC (跨国公司) can implement compensation plans (补偿计划) that directly rewardthe subsidiary (子公司) managers for enhancing the value (价值) of the MNC (跨国公司).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 119. If a publicly-traded MNC (跨国公司)'s managers make poor decisions that reduce its value (价值), itmay encourage other firms to acquire it.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 120. Institutional investors such as mutual funds (共同基金) or pension funds (养老基金) which have largeholdings (控股) of an MNC (跨国公司)'s stock do not normally want to take control of it and therefore have no influence over management of the MNC (跨国公司).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 121. In comparing exporting (出口) to direct foreign investment (国外直接投资) (DFI), an exporting (出口)operation will likely incur ____ fixed production costs (固定生产成本) and ____ transportation costs (运输成本) than DFI.a. higher; higherb. higher; lowerc. lower; lowerd. lower; higherANS: D PTS: 122. Which of the following (下列哪个) is an example of direct foreign investment (国外直接投资)?a. exporting (出口) to a country.b. establishing Licensing (许可) arrangements in a country.c. purchasing existing companies in a country.d. investing directly (without brokers) in foreign stocks.ANS: C PTS: 123. According to the text (教科书), a disadvantage of Licensing (许可) is that:a. it prevents a firm from importing (进口).b. it is difficult to ensure quality control of the production process.c. it prevents a firm from exporting (出口).d. none of the aboveANS: B PTS: 124. ____ are most commonly classified as a direct foreign investment (国外直接投资).a. Foreign acquisitions (国外并购)b. Purchases of international stocksc. Licensing (许可) agreementsd. Exporting (出口) transactionsANS: A PTS: 125. Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) represent conditions under which factors of production (生产要素)are immobile.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 126. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was enacted in 2002 required MNCs (跨国公司) and other firms toimplement an internal reporting process that could be easily monitored by executives and the board of directors.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 127. If markets were perfect, then labor and other costs of production would be perfectly stable (nomovement across borders).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 128. The valuation (评价) of an MNC (跨国公司) is reduced if the required return on its investments inforeign countries is reduced.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 129. Which of the following (下列哪个) is not mentioned in the text (教科书) as an additional riskresulting from international business (国际商务)?a. exchange rate fluctuations.b. political risk (政治风险).c. interest rate risk.d. exposure (曝险) to foreign economies.ANS: C PTS: 130. Licensing (许可) obligates a firm to provide ____, while Franchising (特许经营) obligates a firm toprovide ____.a. a specialized sales or service strategy; its technologyb. its technology; a specialized sales or service strategyc. its technology; its technologyd. a specialized sales or service strategy; a specialized sales or service strategye. its technology; an initial investmentANS: B PTS: 131. Which of the following (下列哪个) is not a way in which agency problems (代理问题) can be reducedthrough corporate control?a. executive compensation.b. threat of hostile takeover (收购).c. acquisition of a foreign subsidiary (子公司).d. monitoring by large shareholders.ANS: C PTS: 132. The goal of a multinational corporation (MNC (跨国公司)) is the maximization of shareholder wealth(股东财富).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 133. A centralized management style, where major decisions about a foreign subsidiary (子公司) are madeby the parent company, results in an increase in agency costs (代理成本).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 134. If a U.S. firm sets up a plant in Mexico to benefit from (受益于) low cost labor, it will likely have acomparative advantage (比较优势) over other firms in Mexico that sell the same product.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 135. Although MNCs (跨国公司) may need to convert currencies occasionally, they do not face anyexchange rate risk (汇率风险), as exchange rates are stable over time.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 136. One of the most prevalent factors conflicting with the realization of the goal of an MNC (跨国公司) isthe existence of agency problems (代理问题).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 137. A centralized management style for an MNC (跨国公司) results in relatively (相对) high agency costs(代理成本).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 138. The Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) theory states that factors of production (生产要素) aresomewhat immobile, allowing firms to capitalize on a foreign country's resources.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 139. If a U.S.-based MNC (跨国公司) focused completely on importing (进口), then its valuation (评价)would likely be adversely affected (受到不利影响) if most currencies were expected to appreciate against the dollar over time.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 140. The acquisition of a foreign subsidiary (子公司) is commonly considered by MNCs (跨国公司)because the cost is less expensive than establishing a new subsidiary (子公司) of the same size.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 141. If a U.S.-based MNC (跨国公司) focused completely on exporting (出口), then its valuation (评价)would likely be adversely affected (受到不利影响) if most currencies were expected to appreciate against the dollar over time.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 142. If markets were perfect, then labor and other costs of production would be easily transferable.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 143. International trade (国际贸易):a. is a relatively (相对) conservative approach to foreign market penetration (市场渗透).b. entails minimal risk.c. does not require large amount of investment.d. all of the above (上述全部).ANS: D PTS: 144. Assume that (假设) an American firm wants to engage in international business (国际商务) withoutmajor investment (重大投资) in the foreign country. Which method is least (最不)appropriate in this situation?a. International trade (国际贸易)b. Licensing (许可)c. Franchising (特许经营)d. Direct foreign investment (国外直接投资)ANS: D PTS: 145. The valuation (评价) of MNC (跨国公司) accounts for all the cash flows received by the foreignsubsidiaries plus all the cash flows remitted by the subsidiaries.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 146. The MNC (跨国公司)'s value (价值) depends on all of the following, except (除了):a. MNC (跨国公司)'s required rate of return (必要回报率)b. Amount of MNC (跨国公司)'s cash flows in particular currencyc. The exchange rate at which cash flows are converted to dollarsd. The value (价值) of MNC (跨国公司) depends on all of the above (上述全部) factorsANS: D PTS: 147. Which of the following (下列哪个) is not an example of political risk (政治风险)?a. Government may impose taxes on subsidiary (子公司)b. Government may impose barriers on subsidiary (子公司)c. Consumers may boycott the MNC (跨国公司)d. Consumers' income levels will decrease, thus decreasing consumption.ANS: D PTS: 148. A microeconomic perspective focuses on external forces such as economic conditions that can affectthe value (价值) of an MNC (跨国公司).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 149. Assume that (假设) an MNC (跨国公司) has a subsidiary (子公司) in Italy, which exports its productsto various countries in Europe. Since all of the countries where it exports use Euro as their currency, this MNC (跨国公司) is not subject to the exchange rate risk (汇率风险).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 150. International trade (国际贸易) generally results in ____ exposure (曝险) to international political risk(政治风险) and ____ exposure (曝险) to international economic conditions, when compared to other methods of international business (国际商务).a. higher; lowerb. higher; higherc. lower; higherd. lower; lowerANS: D PTS: 151. Assume that (假设) Boca Co. wants to expand its business to Japan, and wants complete control overthe operations in Japan. Which method of international business (国际商务) is most appropriate for Boca Co?a. Joint ventureb. Licensing (许可)c. Partial acquisition of existing Japanese firmd. Establishment (建立) of Japanese subsidiary (子公司)ANS: B PTS: 152. A decentralized management style of MNC (跨国公司) results in relatively (相对) high agency costs(代理成本).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 153. The Establishment (建立) of a new subsidiary (子公司) is commonly considered by MNCs (跨国公司)because the cost is less expensive than acquiring a foreign subsidiary (子公司) of the same size.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 154. Assume that (假设) Live Co. has expected cash flows (预期的现金流) of $200,000 from domesticoperations, SF200,000 from Swiss operations, and 150,000 euros from Italian operations at the end of the year. The Swiss franc's value (价值) and euro's value (价值) are expected to be $.83 and $1.29 respectively, at the end this year. What are the expected dollar cash flows of Live Co?a. $200,000b. $559,500c. $582,500d. $393,500ANS: B PTS: 155. Saller Co. has a subsidiary (子公司) in Mexico. The expected cash flows (预期的现金流) in pesos tobe received in the future from this subsidiary (子公司) have not changed since last month, but thevaluation (评价) of Saller Co. has declined since last month. What could've caused this decline invalue (价值)?a. A weaker Mexican economyb. Lower Mexican interest ratesc. Depreciation of the Mexican pesod. Appreciation of the Mexican peso.ANS: C PTS: 156. Jensen Co. wants to establish a new subsidiary (子公司) in Mexico that will sell computers to Mexicancustomers and remit earnings back to the U.S. parent. The value (价值) of this project will befavorably affected if the value (价值) of the peso ____ while it establishes the new subsidiary (子公司) and ____ when the subsidiary (子公司) starts operations.a. depreciates; appreciatesb. appreciates; appreciatesc. appreciates; depreciatesd. depreciates; depreciatesANS: A PTS: 157. A macroeconomic perspective focuses on the financial management decisions that affect the value (价值) of MNC (跨国公司).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 158. An MNC (跨国公司) will always use the same required rate of return (必要回报率) in the valuation(评价) of foreign projects, as it would for its domestic projects.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 159. Livingston Co. has a subsidiary (子公司) in Korea. The subsidiary (子公司) reinvests half of its netcash flows into operations and remits half to the parent. Livingston's expected cash flows (预期的现金流) from domestic business are $100,000 and the Korean subsidiary (子公司) is expected to generate 100 million Korean won at the end of the year. The expected value (价值) of won is $.0012. What are the expected dollar cash flows of Livingston Co.?a. $100,000b. $200,000c. $160,000d. $60,000ANS: C PTS: 160. A U.S.-based MNC (跨国公司) has many foreign subsidiaries in Europe and does not expect toincrease its investment there. Its value (价值) should increase if the value (价值) of the euro weakens over time.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 161. If managers of foreign subsidiaries make decisions that maximize the value (价值)s of their respectivesubsidiaries, they automatically maximize the value (价值) of the entire corporation.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 162. A decentralized management style, where subsidiary (子公司) managers make the relevant decisionsregarding their subsidiary (子公司), may result in better decision making, as subsidiary (子公司) managers are generally better informed about their subsidiary (子公司)'s operations.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 163. U.S.-based MNCs (跨国公司) are typically not monitored by mutual funds (共同基金) and pensionfunds (养老基金), as these institutions (机构) rarely hold stock in MNCs (跨国公司).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 164. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act ensures a more transparent process for managers to report on the productivityand financial condition of their firm.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 165. The Theory of Comparative Advantage (比较优势理论) (比较优势) begins by assuming that a givenfirm first becomes established in its home country and may subsequently penetrate foreign markets via geographic or product differentiation.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 166. Under the Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) Theory, it is assumed that factors of production (生产要素) are entirely mobile, so that firms can capitalize on a foreign country's resources.a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 167. Under the Product cycle (产品周期) Theory, foreign demand can be initially satisfied by exporting (出口).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 168. Licensing (许可) allows firms to use their technology in foreign markets without a major investment(重大投资) in foreign countries.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 169. International trade (国际贸易) is the most common form of direct foreign investment (国外直接投资)(DFI).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 170. When the parent's home currency (本国货币) is weak, remitted funds from foreign subsidiaries willconvert to a smaller amount of the home currency (本国货币).a. Trueb. FalseANS: F PTS: 171. A purely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业) may be affected by exchange rate fluctuations if it faces atleast (最不)some foreign competition.a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 172. One form of an exposure (曝险) to political risk (政治风险) is terrorism (恐怖主义).a. Trueb. FalseANS: T PTS: 173. The goal of a multinational corporation (MNC (跨国公司)) isa. The minimization of taxes remitted from foreign subsidiaries.b. The Establishment (建立) of subsidiaries in any country where operations would provide areturn over and above the cost of capital, even if better projects are available domestically.c. The maximization of shareholder wealth (股东财富).d. The maximization of social benefits resulting from actions such as the employment offoreign managers.ANS: C PTS: 174. Agency costs (代理成本) faced by multinational corporations (MNCs (跨国公司)) may be larger thanthose faced by purely domestic firm (纯粹的国内企业)s becausea. Monitoring of managers located in foreign countries is more difficult.b. Foreign subsidiary (子公司) managers raised in different cultures may not follow uniformgoals.c. MNCs (跨国公司) are relatively (相对) large.d. All of the above (上述全部)e. A and B onlyANS: D PTS: 175. Which of the following (下列哪个) is not one of the more common methods used by MNCs (跨国公司) to improve their internal control (内部控制) process?a. Establishing a centralized database of informationb. Ensuring that all data are reported consistently among subsidiariesc. Speeding the process by which all departments and all subsidiaries have access to the datathat they needd. Making executives more accountable for financial statements by personally verifying theiraccuracye. All of the above (上述全部) are common methods used by MNCs (跨国公司) to improvetheir internal control (内部控制) process.ANS: E PTS: 176. Which of the following (下列哪个) is not mentioned in the text (教科书) as a theory of internationalbusiness (国际商务)?a. Theory of Comparative Advantage (比较优势理论)b. Imperfect markets (不完全的市场) Theoryc. Product cycle (产品周期) Theoryd. Globalization of Business Theorye. All of the above (上述全部) are mentioned in the text (教科书) as theories of internationalbusiness (国际商务)ANS: D PTS: 177. The most risky method(s) by which firms conduct international business (国际商务) is (are):a. Franchising (特许经营).b. The acquisitions of existing operations (现有业务的收购).c. The Establishment (建立) of new subsidiaries.d. All of the above (上述全部)e. B and C onlyANS: E PTS: 178. The least (最不)risky method by which firms conduct international business (国际商务) is:a. Franchising (特许经营).b. The acquisitions of existing operations (现有业务的收购).c. International trade (国际贸易).d. The Establishment (建立) of new subsidiaries.e. Licensing (许可)ANS: C PTS: 179. Which of the following (下列哪个) does not constitute (构成) a form of direct foreign investment (国外直接投资)?a. Franchising (特许经营)b. International trade (国际贸易)c. Joint ventures (合资企业)d. Acquisitions of existing operationse. Establishment (建立) of new foreign subsidiariesANS: B PTS: 1。
《数学物理方程-福州大学-江飞》作业chapter1
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饭店英语作业
饭店英语作业Test Paper for Chapter 1-Hotel History and Hotel OrganizationI.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F) according to the text.1.The introduction of passenger-carrying stagecoaches in France in1658 sparked a new age for the lodging industry.2.Air travel is the latest in faster transportation, enabling masses ofpeople who are willing and financially able to travel to a variety of places.3.American hotel tycoon, Ellsworth Statler entered the field in 1901.By the time of his death in 1928, he had built Statler Hotels in six major cities, as well as 2,200-room Pennsylvania Hotel in New York.4.Conrad Hilton founded Holiday Inns in 1952.5.The concept of time-sharing began in Asia in the 1960s when aSwiss-based company began offering its shares for sale.6.Today’s hospitality industry contributes significantly to the economicclout of the worldwide travel and tourism industry.7.Travel and tourism is among the top five revenue and foreignexchange generators in many countries around the globe.8.A motel is usually located along highways, motorists canconveniently drive up to one for a rest.9.Hotels are organized into large divisions and smaller departments.10.E ach department does not have influence over others.II.Explain the following terms.1.All-suite hotel2.Boutique hotel3.Front Office4.Engineering Department5.Human Resources ManagerIII.Choose the best answer to complete each sentence according to the text.1.__________later replaced stagecoaches, only to be replacedthemselves by cars zooming down interstate highways.A BusesB TrainsC PlanesD Ships2. Although North America had its first lodging “chain”in 1769, development ofthe multi-unit lodging chain, in which each hotel or motel operated under the same brand name, did not really begin until ___________.A 20th centuryB 19th centuryC 21st centuryD 18th century3. Rapid expansion of destination spots not only means more opportunities for_______but creates the training ground for hotel management graduates as well.A food industryB automobile industryC travel and tourismD building industry4. __________is usually located in central business district.A Resort hotelB Deluxe hotelC ResortsD Downtown hotel5. A _______ is usually located along highways, motorists can conveniently drive up to one for a rest.A airport hotelB casino hotelC innsD motel6. Most large properties have a Rooms Division, which normally include Front Office and ___________.A SecurityB HousekeepingC EngineeringD Accounting7. Front Office can be subdivided into Front Desk, Business Center and__________ etc.A FloorB LaundryC ConciergeD Account Receivable8. __________ is a place in a hotel where guests could do some exercises and relax themselves by applying some facilities such as running machines, tennis courts, swimming pools etc.A Health ClubB PABXC SecurityD Transportation9. _____________ensures the smooth operation of all equipment and machinery in the hotel.A Human Resources ManagerB Chief EngineerC General ManagerD Security Manager10. __________are the backbone of any property. They do most of the basic work that must be done each day. Most of them have direct contact with guests.A Team LeadersB SupervisorsC Front LinersD ManagersIV.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Upscale hotel2.Economy / limited service hotel3.Inns4.Food and Beverage Manager5.What are the popular ways of categorizing hotels according to thetext?Critical thinking questions.How many departments are there in a mid-tier or a large hotel? Briefly describe the functions of each department. Test Paper for Chapter 2-Front Office DepartmentV.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F) according to the text.1.The receptionist should fill in the information such as guest’s name,sex, date of birth, the valid card number, type of visa, permanent address etc. on the registration card.2.Safe box provided at the Front Desk or in the guest room is availablefor guests to use free of charge.3.There is no need for guest to sign on the registration card.4.For group check-in, room assignment should be completed at least oneday in advance.5.When a group checks out, the Front Desk should not informHousekeeping to look in the rooms for mini-bar consumption and forgotten items.6.When a guest settles his accounts by check, the Receptionist shouldpay attention to the details like validity of the check, the amount owing, the authenticity of the check, the company seal etc.7.The Business Center staff usually goes to the airport to pick theguests.8.When a bellboy escorts the guest to enter his room, he should pressthe doorbell first and then knock on the door.9.The hotel has full legal right, three months after the date shown on thestorage tag, to dispose of any stored items not claimed.10.B usiness Center offers many services for the guests, which includephotocopying, sending faxes, typing documents, meeting room rental, printing name cards etc.VI.Choose the best answer to complete each sentence according to the text.1. Who is responsible for checking in and out guests?A Business CenterB ConciergeC PABXD Front DeskClerk2. There are _______ways of making wake-up calls.A threeB fourC twoD five3. Which section does not belong to the Front Office Department？A SwitchboardB Front DeskC TransportationD Laundry4. The staff should answer the telephone within _____rings.A threeB twoC fourD five5. Which section provides wake-up call service for the hotel guest?A Front DeskB PABXC Executive FloorD Business Center6. When a group intends to check out next morning, __________staffshould confirm luggage pick-up time with Front Desk and fill in the group luggage handling sheet.A morning shiftB night shiftC afternoon shiftD split shift7. Prior arrangement in writing is required to keep storage items beyond_____months.A threeB twoC fourD six8. Which section usually provides guests with service of foreign currency exchange?A TransportationB KioskC Front DeskD Concierge9. The most common guest requests a _______responds to are making dinnerreservations, confirming and reissuing airline tickets, making limousine arrangements or car rentals, providing maps, giving directions to local attractions etc.A driverB operatorC front desk clerkD concierge10. It was in the mid-______________that several San Francisco hotels brought theconcierge concept to America.A 1980sB 1950sC 1970sD 1960sVII.Give brief answers to the following questions.1. How many sections are there in a Front Office Department? And what are they?2. What information is usually printed on the welcome card?3. What are the methods of payment when guests settle their accounts in the hotel?4. What services do the Business Center usually provide for the guests?5. What jobs do the PABX Staff usually perform in the hotel?6. What does Les Clefs d’ Or mean?7. What does the guest history refer to?8. What does the walk-in mean?9. What is the difference between confidential service and screen call service?10. If a hotel guest wants to rent the meeting room in the Business Center, what information should the staff obtain from the guest?VIII.Critical thinking questions.a)Describe what tasks a Front Desk clerk usually does in atypical day.b)How do you think of a concierge’s job? And Why?Test Paper for Chapter 3-House Keeping Department (1)IX.Fill in the table below by giving the corresponding English or Chinese equivalentsX.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F) according to the text.1.When a room attendant makes a bed, she or he should strip the bedfirst.2.The items required for cleaning the bathroom are: all-purpose cleaner, sponge, dry and damp cloths, brush, basket and scrubbing pad etc.3.The first step for cleaning the guest bathroom is to clean the bath roomfloor.4.To reduce the working time in each guest room, the room attendantshould clean it in one direction, either clockwise or counter-clockwise to eliminate criss-cross the room, wasting both time and energy.5.When a room attendant does self-check of safety box, the staff shouldcheck the following details about it: whether the safety box functions properly, is free from dust, instruction manual is present or not.6.When the PA staff does cleaning in the public area, she or he candisturb guests, visitors or employees working.7.When the PA staff cleaning elevators and escalators, they should payattention to the floor carpets, glass, balustrades, and metal surfaces. 8.The grooming standard only applies to staff in housekeepingdepartment.9.Female staff are allowed to wear large or hanging earrings.10.I f the name tag looks old or breaks, it cannot be changed in HumanResources Department.XI.Choose the best answer to complete each sentence according to the text.1.There are _________steps in cleaning the guest bathroom.A 5B 6C 4D 32. The distance between the room attendant and the door should be about ______cmso that the guest can see the staff’s face through cat’s view.A 25B 40C 10D 203. If the room attendant wants to clean the guest room, she or he should announce“__________”three times with an interval of 15 seconds while knocking on thedoor lightly before entering the guest room.A Front OfficeB Bell ServiceC HousekeepingD Laundry Department4. The Public Area usually includes two parts, one is for guest use and the otheris for ____________use.A clientsB staffC managerD VIP5. Carpet shampooing and pile lifting are usually done on a _____________basis.A yearlyB dailyC weeklyD monthly6. When removing stains on a piece of carpet, usually start cleaning from _______rim to ________with cloth and sponge etc.A outside…centerB outside…outsideC center…outsideD inside…inside7. No matter what stain you are removing, the last step is to comb the carpet using the hand brush or __________to raise the pile up to its normal height.A squeegeeB pile lifterC clothD vacuum cleaner8. __________staff are responsible for the back of the house cleaning, such as the staff entrance area, the staff passage, the staff elevator, the offices and the locker rooms.A Front OfficeB EngineeringC HousekeepingD Security9. _________is a place where staff change their clothes and take showers.A Public areaB OfficeC Guest roomD Locker10. When Housekeeping staff vacuum the floor, usually start from thefarthest cornerand move __________to the door.A backwardB forwardC westwardD eastwardXII.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Briefly describe the procedure of making a bed.2.How to clean the guest bathroom? Briefly describe about it.3.What is the procedure in cleaning the guest room?4.What parts does the Public Area usually include?5.What does Locker refer to?6.What is the criteria in selecting a pesticide?7.What items are required to clean the locker room?8.If the carpet gets spotted, how will you remove these stains accordingto the expert’s advice?XIII.Critical thinking questions.What are the advantages of rotating staff in cleaning different types of suites?VI. Case studySaving a LifeA supervisor recalls checking a Do Not Disturb room at the end of a shift, only to find the guest in a diabetic coma. She responded quickly and most likely saved the guest’s life. An executive housekeeper at a mountain resort was conducting room checks and found an elderly man unconscious on the bathroom floor. In this case, too, her prompt call for emergency help probably saved his life. Later, he thanked her and told her he had become disoriented after a strenuous hike and apparently fainted.What does the case imply?Test Paper for Chapter 4-Housekeeping Department (2)XIV.Fill in the table below by giving the corresponding English or Chinese equivalentsXV.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F) according to the text.1.The purpose of a questionnaire is to solicit guests’ feedback and ideasabout the service received so that the hotel can expand and improve its service for guests.2.Some hotels use the questionnaire prepared by relevant governmentagency.Other hotels use their own questionnaire so they can ask about facilities andservices available in that hotel./doc/4d5a1816be1e650e52ea99ab.html ually at 2:00 am staff on night shift will start to restock mini-bar items on eachfloor.4.Different hotels have the same items in their mini-bars.5.The purpose of checking room status again and again, every two hours,is to ensure actual room status conforms with the computer list.6.If a guest requests express service in laundry, he does not need to payextra money.7.Shirts will be folded and blouses will be on hanger unless otherwiserequested when they are returned to the guest after laundry.8.The challenge and reward of being a professional housekeeper is thatno two work days are the same.9.The executive housekeeper does not need to check rooms and publicarea at all.10.T he executive housekeeper conducts staff briefing on daily basis.XVI.Explain the following terms.1. the uniform principle of one for one2. VC3.VDXVII.Choose the best answer to complete each sentence according to the text.1.__________usually provide turn-down service for the hotel guests.A Front Desk staffB PA staffC Laundry staff DRoom attendants2. There are ____copies for a mini-bar check.A threeB fourC fiveD two3. Linen inventory is conducted on ________basis.A dailyB quarterlyC monthlyD weekly4. Duty Manager, and______________will check for a possible “sleeper”or an incorrectly up-dated room status from the previous day’s work.A Assistant Front Office ManagerB Executive HousekeeperC Assistant HousekeeperD Front Office Manager5. At about _________A.M., the room attendant usually checks all occupied rooms for laundry requests from guests.A 08:00B 10:00C 09:00D 11:006. All laundry/valet/dry cleaning is accepted by the hotel at owner’s risk. While theutmost care is exercised by the hotel. The liability of the Hotel is limited to ______times the value of the laundry /valet/dry cleaning charges.A eightB tenC sevenD six7. Should the laundry list be omitted or not itemized, the _________count will betaken as correct.A hotelB guestC staffD supervisor8. When a room attendant provides turn down service, she or he should fill icebucket ____________full.A 1/2B 1/3C 1/4D 1/5。
生物药物分析第一章作业答案
单选题1、现行中国药典是A.1953年B.1977年C.1983年D.2000年E.2020年正确答案：E试题解析：新中国成立以来，中国先后出版过十一版药典有1953年、1963年、1977年、1985年、1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年。
现行中国药典为2020年版，所以选择E。
2、我国药典的英文缩写A.BPPC.JPD.ChPE.NF正确答案：D试题解析：我国药典的英文缩写为ChP。
BP为英国药典，USP为美国药典，JP为日本药局方，NF为美国国家处方集。
所以选择D。
3、下列哪项不属于中国药典一部收载的内容？A.药材及饮片B.植物油脂C.药用辅料D.成方制剂E.提取物正确答案：C试题解析：现行版的《中国药典》为2020年版，该版药典分为四部。
一部收载药材及饮片、植物油脂和提取物、成方制剂和单味制剂等；二部收载化学药品、抗生素、生化药品以及放射性药品；三部收载生物制品；四部收载药典通则、药用辅料。
所以选择C。
4、药物的检验基本程序一般为（）记录报告等A.取样、性状评价、鉴别、检查、含量测定B.取样、鉴别、检查、含量测定C.取样、含量测定、检查、鉴别D.取样、鉴别、性状评价、检查、含量测定正确答案：A试题解析：药物的检验基本程序一般为取样、性状评价、鉴别、检查、含量测定、记录报告等。
所以该题选择A选项5、根据系统误差产生的原因可采取相应的校正方法。
进行空白试验是为了校正A.方法误差B.仪器误差C.试剂误差D.操作误差正确答案：C试题解析：为了发现并消除（或校正）系统误差，可选用下面几种方法：对照试验、回收试验、空白试验、仪器校正、分析结果校正。
所以该题选择C。
6、以下哪个因素会造成实验的偶然误差？A.共沉淀现象B.环境温度波动C.蒸馏水不纯D.操作不熟练正确答案：B试题解析：偶然误差，顾名思义，它是随机产生的，不可预计的。
如实验过程中的温度、电压及平行操作的微小差异等因素都可能引入偶然误差。
课时提优计划作业本2024英语九下答案
课时提优计划作业本2024英语九下答案Title: Homework Answers for Class Improvement Plan Workbook 2024 English Ninth GradeIntroduction:The Class Improvement Plan is a comprehensive program designed to help students enhance their English language skills. One of the key components of this program is the homework assignments given in the workbook. These assignments are carefully curated to cover all aspects of the English language, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing skills. In this document, we will provide the answers for the homework assignments in the Class Improvement Plan Workbook for the year 2024 for ninth grade students.Chapter 1: Grammar1.1) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses:a) She (study) every day.b) They (play) basketball yesterday.c) We (go) to the beach last weekend.d) He (eat) lunch at 12 pm.e) I (read) a book right now.1.2) Choose the correct pronoun to complete the sentences:a) Are you bringing ___ camera to the party?b) She gave ___ a present for my birthday.c) __ are going to the park tomorrow.Chapter 2: Vocabulary2.1) Match the words with their definitions:a) diligent - hardworking and carefulb) enthusiastic - showing a lot of excitement and interestc) stubborn - refusing to change your opinion or course of action2.2) Fill in the blanks with the correct word:a) The __ of the book was fascinating.b) She __ her keys in the car.Chapter 3: Reading Comprehension3.1) Read the passage and answer the questions:Passage: The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. It stretches over 13,000 miles and wasbuilt over 2,000 years ago to protect the Chinese empire from invasions.Questions:a) What is the Great Wall of China?b) Why was the Great Wall built?Chapter 4: Writing Skills4.1) Write a short paragraph about your favorite book or movie.Conclusion:The homework answers provided in this document are intended to assist students in their learning journey. By completing these assignments and checking their answers, students can improve their English language skills and excel in their studies. We encourage students to use these answers as a reference and to seek help from their teachers if they have any questions or need further clarification.。
典范英语8-03 顶级跑鞋
《典范英语》（8_03）教学参考The Ultimate Trainers教学参考的目的在于为实验课提供一个基本的思路和框架，帮助实验教师更好地把握课题理念。
课题组鼓励实验教师结合学生的实际情况适当做出调整，将实验课上出特色。
一、教学目标1．语言目标：学生能够听懂并理解故事的内容；能够有感情地朗读；能够复述故事的主要情节；能够完成与故事相关的写作任务。
2．非语言目标：引导学生用平常心看待输赢和得失；启发学生思考比赛的真正意义（如重在参与，全力以赴），勇于挑战自我，展现体育精神（Swifter, Higher, Stronger）。
说明：语言目标由教师负责检查，确保学生完成任务，达到要求。
非语言目标具有开放性，需要教师围绕有意义的话题与学生进行真诚交流，激发学生的学习兴趣和参与热情，让学生在有思想、有内容的开放性语言实践活动中习得语言，树立正确的价值观。
二、课时安排要求学生每周完成一部作品，每周安排一节或两节实验课，课时放在学生读完该部作品之后。
三、课前任务要求学生每天朗读15-20分钟，辅以默读。
做到听读结合，认真把握和体会故事的内容，并适当积累好词好句。
四、课堂教学基本步骤1. 导入（Lead-in）：启发学生思考教师提出几个关于跑步比赛的问题请学生回答，如：Have you ever taken part in a running race? Does it matter what kind of trainers you wear?If you found a pair of magic trainers, what would you do?教师简要总结后，引导学生进入故事情景：In this story, who would take part in a running race? What did he find before the race? Did he win at last? Why? Let's find the answers from the story.2. 情节分析及复述（Plot Analysis and Retelling ）：启发学生思考；关注内容与语言表达的准确性，锻炼学生连贯表达思想的能力教师在黑板上板书每章的标题，然后请学生将各章纳入“introduction — build-up — climax — resolution ”的结构中去，可参考以下： Chapter 1 The perfect trainers （P3） IntroductionChapter 2 Kevin Beadle （P9）Build-upChapter 3 Jake tries them out （P12）Chapter 4 Anna works it out （P17）Chapter 5 ‘It won’t prove anything’ （P24）Chapter 6 Jake makes up his mind （P27）Climax Chapter 7 Where are the trainers? （P33）Chapter 8 The big race （P37）Chapter 9 The trainers get their own back （P46）Resolution Chapter 10 Back to whenever （P52） 然后教师针对每个部分进行提问，请学生回答：Introduction:Where did Jake find the trainers?What was Anna’s suggestion?What was Jake’s decision?Build-up:What did Beadle do to Jake when he was waiting for Anna?When Jake tried the trainers out, what happened?What was Anna’s explanation for the magic trainers? Why did she think so?What was Anna’s advice? Did Jake follow it?Which part of Chapter 5 foreshadows the bad thing that was going to happen to Jake? Can you guess what would happen then?Climax:Why did Jake change his mind?Who took the trainers away?Whom did Jake and Anna meet in the school?Who won the race at last? How about Jake?Resolution:Why did the trainers get angry? What did they do to Beadle?How did Beadle make things right in the end? Why did he give the trainers back?How did everyone end according to the story? What about the trainers?教师根据学生的回答，将各个部分的要点板书在黑板上。
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第一章
1、什么是数据库？
答：数据库是按照一定的数据模型组织的、长期存储在计算机内，可为多个用户共享的、由数据库管理系统统一管理和控制的数据的集合。
2、什么是数据独立性？数据库系统如何实现数据独立性？
答：数据独立性是指应用程序和数据之间相互独立、互不影响，及数据结构的修改不会引起应用程序的修。
数据独立性包括物理独立性和逻辑独立性。
物理独立性是指数据库物理结构的变化时不必修改现有的应用程序。
逻辑独立性是指数据库逻辑结构变化时不需要改变应用程序。
数据独立性是由DBMS的三级模式和二级映像来实现的。
数据库系统通常采用外模式、模式和内模式三级结构，数据库管理系统在这三级模式之间提供了外模式/模式和模式/内模式两层映像。
当整个系统要求改变模式时，由DBMS对各个外模式/模式映像作相应的修改，使外模式保持不变，从而使基于外模式的应用程序保持不变，从而保证了数据的逻辑独立性。
当数据的存储结构改变时，由DBMS对模式/内模式映像进行修改，可以使模式保持不变，从而使应用程序也不必改变，保证了数据的物理独立性。
3、简述数据库管理员的职责；
答：模式定义：DBA通过用DDL书写的一系列定义来创造最初的数据库模式。
存储结构机存取方式定义；模式及物理组织的修改：由DBA对模式及物理组织进行修改，以反映组织的需求变化，或者为提高性能选择不同的物理组织；数据访问授权：通过授予不同的权限，DBA可以规定不同的用户各自可以访问的数据库的部分；日常维护：定期备份数据库、确保正常运转时所需的空余磁盘空间、监视数据库的运行。
4、简述数据库系统三级模式结构及其同数据独立性之间的关系。
答：为了提高数据的物理独立性和逻辑独立性，使数据库的用户观点，即用户看到的数据库，与数据库的物理方面，即实际存储的数据库区分开来，数据库系统的模式是分级的，美国数据系统语言协商会）提出模式、外模式、存储模式三级模式的概念。
三级模式之间有两级映象；存储结构改变时，修改模式/内模式映象，使模式保持不变，从而应用程序可以保持不变，称为数据的物理独立性；当模式改变时，修改外模式/模式映象，使外模式保持不变，从而应用程序可以保持不变，称为数据的逻辑独立性
5、什么是DBMS？
答：系统软件，对数据库进行统一管理和控制
6、试述ER模型、层次模型、网状模型、关系模型和面向对象模型的主要特点。
答：ER模型直接表示实体类型及实体间联系，与计算机系统无关，充分反映用户的需求，用户容易理解。
层次模型的数据结构为树结构，记录之间联系通过指针实现，查询较快，但DML属于过程化的，操作复杂。
网状模型的数据结构为有向图，记录之间联系通过指针实现，查询较快，并且容易实现M:N联系，但DML属于过程化的语言，编程较复杂。
关系模型的数据结构为二维表格，容易为初学者理解。
记录之间联系通过关键码实现。
DML属于非过程化语言，编程较简单。
面向对象模型能完整描述现实世界的数据结构，具有丰富的表达能力，能表达嵌套、递归的数据结构。
但涉及的知识面较广，用户较难理解。