U1语法及知识点

Unit 1 How do you study for a test?【重要词汇概览】1. frustrating a. 令人沮丧的2. memorize v. 记忆，背诵3. pronunciation n. 发音4. flashcard n.认卡5. solution n. 解决办法6. not at all 根本（不） 全然（不）7. end up 结束，告…终8. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）9. take notes 做笔记，做记录 10.enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做…乐意做…【知识点讲解】1.（1）I think I can study English by watching English movies because I like watching English movies. 我认为我可以通过英语电影来来学英语，因为我喜欢看电影。

（2）I don’t think I can get an English tutor because I want to learn by myself at home.我不想上英语辅导，因为我想在家自学（3）I think surfing the internet is a bad way because you have to use a computer and always waste your time. 我认为沉溺于网络是不好的，因为你不得不去使用电脑和浪费你的时间2.【语法知识聚焦】By 是个很常用的介词（有时也用作副词），在初中英语中的用法有以下几种：（1）意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。

如：有的在大树下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖边画画儿。

Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake.（2）意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。

如：Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。

How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲？（3）表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。

如：The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。

The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。

（4）表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。

如：One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。

（5）表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。

如： What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了?（6）和take , hold 等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。

如：I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。

（7）用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。

如：English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。

（即“许多人讲英语。

”）（8）组成其它短语。

1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”，常做插入语。

如：By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know? 顺便问一下，李平在哪儿。

你知道吗？2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。

如：I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。

3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。

如：But by and by , more and more people began to study English.但是不久以后，越来越多的人开始学英语了。

二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。

1）作主语Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。

2）作宾语（请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗？）Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?3）作表语（保姆的工作是洗衣服，作饭和照看孩子。

）Babysister’s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。

练习：一. Match the questions and answers1. Have you ever worked with flashcards?2. Do you ever ask the teacher for help in your English class?3. Do you like to work in a group?4. Does reading aloud help you?5. Do you like to study grammar?6. What helps you study for a test?a. No, grammar is too boring.b. Yes, reading aloud helps my pronunciation.c. Yes, but I didn’t like them.d. Yes, the teacher is helpful.e. I think watching English-language TV helps me study.F. No, I don’t. Why would wo rking in a group help?二. Close testTime spent in a bookshop can be enjoyable. If you go to a 1shop, no assistant (营业员) will come near to you and say, “Can I help you?” You 2buy anything you don’t want. You may try to find out3the book you want is . But if you fail, the assistant will lead (引导) you there and then he will go away. It seems that he is 4selling any books at all.There is a story which tells us about a good shop. A medical (医学的) student 5 a very useful book in the shop, 6it was too expensive for him to buy. He couldn’t get it from the library, either. So every afternoon, he went there to read 7at a time. One day, however (然而), he couldn’t find 8from its usual place and was leaving when he saw an assistant signing (示意) to him. To his surprise, the assistant pointed to the book9, “I put it there so as not to be sold out.” Said the assistant. Then he 10the student to go on with his reading.1. A. good B. bad C. cheap D. expensive2. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. can’t3. A. what B. which C. where D. when4. A. surprised at B. not surprised at C. interested in D. not interested in5. A. bought B. found C. read D. took6. A. but B. and C. so D. or7. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few8. A. the book B. the shop C. the assistant D. the shopkeeper9. A. in a bookshop B. in his hand C. in a corner D. in his pocket10. A. left B. let C. helped D. taught三.Reading comprehensionLet children learn to judge (判断) their own work. When children learn to speak, other people do not correct (纠正) their mistakes all the time. If we correct too much, they will stop speaking. Letthemselves understand the difference between the language they speak and the language other people around them speak. Day after day, they will make some changes to make their language like other people's language. In the same way, children can learn to do many other things without others' help. For example, to walk, run, climb, and ride a bike-make themselves understand how they should do it. Slowly they can make some changes they need.But in school we never let a child himself find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We usually think he never knows his mistakes if we do not tell him or he never corrects them if we do not make him do it. We should try to let him find out the answers to the problems, and the good ways of working them out with the help of other children if he wants.Can teachers give the students answer books if they do maths problems? Let them correct their homework all by themselves. When the students tell their teachers that they can't find the ways to get the right answers, the teachers should help them. Let the students know what they must learn, how to judge their own understanding (理解力), how to know what they know or what they do not know. These are the most important.(1).they text tells us that the children should learn things by(通过) _______.A.listening to other peopleB.doing what other people doC.making mistakes and then correcting themD.asking other people many questions(2).Which of the following is right? The teachers _______.A.never give the students answersB.don't let the students make mistakesC.don't always correct the students' mistakes when they make mistakesD.only give the students the answers when they do problems(3).The writer thinks the teachers in school should _______.A.let the students help each otherB.teach the students less good waysC.correct more of their homeworkD.teach the students more book knowledge(4).This text shows that learning to speak is _______.Adifferent from learning other thingsB.a very important thingC.more important than learning other thingsD.just like learning other things做完了再看答案哟！答案及解析：一. c e f b a d二．1）选A，看下文可知与价格无关，排除C、D。