西工大材料学院复试英语翻译试题

Plasticity and Super—plasticity
Plasticity is the capacity of a material to change its shape permanently under the action of forces when the corresponding stress state reaches a material-dependent critical magnitude called yield stress or initial stress.
As seen from the results of tension test, when the stress is below the yield strength, the deformation disappears upon unloading; the workplace has a form that is different from its initial one. It is then said to have been plastically or permanently deformed,
or if a definite final shape was sought, it has been formed. Materials which behave in an elastic-plastic manner can, after having been permanently deformed, again be loaded until the flow stress is reached （it now has a magnitude large than the initial one ）without additional permanent deformation setting in. This increase in the flow stress as a result of prior deformation is called strain hardening. Super-plasticity has been observed widely in several kinds of materials. There are two main types of super-plastic behavior: micrograin or microstructual super plasticity, and transformation or environmental super plasticity, but only the former is discussed here. When some materials with a fine grain size are deformed within a controlled strain rate at temperature greater than 0.5Tm (where Tm is the melting point in Kelvin), they can give a tenfold more increase in elongation compared to that for conventional room temperature processes.
Super plastic deformation is characterized by low flow stress and this combined with the high uniformity of plastic flow has led to considerable commercial interest in the super plastic forming of components.
Superplastically formed parts find many uses, particularly in aerospace.
The superplastic forging of nickel-base alloys has been used to form turbine discs with integral blades, while the diffusion bonding and superplastic forming of titanium alloys is used to produce fan and compressor blades for aerengines.。