新模式英语1unit5
高一英语必修一unit5教案模板
高一英语必修一unit5教案模板高一英语必修一unit5教案3Ⅰ. Teaching Basis (教学依据) ：《一般高中英语新课程标准》Ⅱ. The Type of the Text (课型) ：Revision (复习课)Ⅲ. Teaching Methods(教学方法): Question-based method(提问式)，Group discussionmethod(小组争论法)，Cooperative learning(合作探究)，Practicing(练习).Ⅳ. Teaching Aids (教学手段) ：Multimedia computer(多媒体电脑)，Learningpaper(导学案)，Blackboard(黑板).Ⅴ. Teaching Aims(教学目标) ：①Knowledgeaims(学问目标):words: achievement, specialist, organization, hard-working, confident.. phrases: put to death, mean doing, eitheror, the bond between, structure: only+., It is/was+.+that. grammar: Subject-verb agreement.②Ability aims(力量目标): Develop the students ability to use the importantlanguage points, enable students to describe people using the adjectives.③Emotional aims(情感目标): Encourage the students to think about what makes aperson great.Ⅵ. Teaching focuses(教学重点)：Get the students to review and consolidate what theyhave learned in this unit.Ⅶ. Teaching difficulties(教学难点)：Get the students to turn what they have learned into their ability.Ⅷ.Teaching procedure(教学过程)： Step 1 复习学案状况反馈(1分钟)Step 2 lead-in ：通过图片展现的方式，过渡到学问竞答类节目《一站究竟》，本节课也将仿照这种模式授课。
新模式英语第一册unit1lesson5教案
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Students stand up and greet with teacher when class Organ Count noses first
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Drills can be a good way to help students become familiar with vocabulary, grammar structures, and proper 教学 pronunciation. They also help students to gain confidence, especially when performing together with their classmates. 反思 However, drills should not be the sole practice or method used to help students memorize something or acquire a grammar
Have students complete this activity individually. Write these questions on the board: When does he read the newspaper? When does he practice English in class? When does he watch TV? Do the listening activity as a class. Then ask students in the class how long they think Lidia reads the newspaper. Write on the board: Lidia reads the newspaper from 6:45 to____. Have the groups report and get a class consensus.
电子课件-《新模式英语(3)》-B10-7342 book 3-unit5
LESSON
Glossary
ophthalmologist n. 眼科医师 pancreas n. 胰（腺） pediatrician n. 小儿科医生 podiatrist n. 足病医生 pregnant a. 怀孕的，有孕的 psychiatrist n. 精神病医生，精神病学者 rash n. 皮疹 recommendation n. 推荐，介绍 shoulder n. 肩，肩膀 specialization n. 专科 stroke n. 中风；跳动，脉搏 toe n. 脚趾，脚尖 ulcer n. 溃疡 wrist n. 腕，腕关节
LESSON
What other parts of the body can you name? Work with a partner. Label other parts of the body by drawing a line
B from the body part and writing its name.
1. My father is worried about his heart. _H_e__sh_o_u_l_d_s_e_e_a__c_a_rd_i_o_lo_g_i_st_.__________________________
全新版大学英语综合教程课后答案Unit1~6(完整版)
Unit 1VocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of 3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions 7) declarations 8) sieg9) raw 10) bide his time 11)have taken their toll12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on4)drag on 5) get by 6) dine out 7) have cut back8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’strike.3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4)Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obso-lete.4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II. More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fallasleep.5 ) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guardunching7. campaign 6. declaration 8. drag on 9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow 2 .reckoned 3. highly 4. forecasts 5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3) Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.长翻译：The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Language Sense Enhancement on P 38-391) cure 2) impact 3) orbiting4) warn of 5) location 6) At any given time7)vibrate 8) detected 9) calculate 10) convertedI. Vocabulary: Ex.1 on P41-421.expansion2. automated3. vapor4. take control of5. hazards6. satellite7.vibrated8.magnetic9. bunched 10. in the air 11. got stuck in 12.approximately Vocabulary: Ex.2 on P421. send out2. stand up for3. pass for4. were closing in on5. starting up6. went through7. fill out8. fall intoVocabulary: Ex.3 on P431) incorporates all the latest safety features.2) two trees ten feet apart.3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) are correlated in all racial groups.Vocabulary: Ex.4 on P431) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word Formation on P45Kilogram Medical careMemorandum Electronic mailGymnasium Communications satelliteLiberation News broadcastDoctor Sky hijackVeterinarian European dollarPreparatory Breakfast and lunchAutomobile Television broadcastinfluenza Oxford and CambridgeIII. Usage on P45-461) swimming pool2 ) drawing board3 ) enriched Middle English4 ) disturbing change5 ) fully developed prototype6 ) Canned foods7 ) working population8 ) puzzling differencesComprehensive Exs.:I. cloze1. text-related on P461) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2. theme-related on P471) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. TranslationEx. 1 on P47-481) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach. Translation : Ex. 2 on P48Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.UNIT3Language Sense Enhancement on P721) checked with 2) interview 3) grill 4) clippings5) be right for 6) follow up 7) indicating8）hand-delivered 9) prepared 10) prospectiveLanguage focus Voc. Ex. 1 on P751) rude 2) physically 3) structure4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling7) Measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partnerVoc. Ex. 2&3 on P76§Ex. 2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up7) be hooked up to 8) closed up§Ex. 3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could oneday dance in the King’s palace3) will be in readers' hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.§Voc . Ex. 4 on P771）applicants, veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to goafter3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings on P 781. Behave2. used to avoid repetition3. clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. Study 8. be enough 9. be acceptableiii. Usage on P79-801. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where tobegin.OK,I’ll talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmascard. Bythe way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understoodby anyone who can read the daily newspaper.Now, why isthis an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know howit goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan toattend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job.Now, howto maximize your profitswith as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia.Incidentally, thosepicturesyou sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive Exercises Cloze§1. text-related on P80(1) Prospective (2)As I see it(3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) Endeavor (6) structure(7) Partners (8) Respond(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint(11) make a difference (12) follow up§2. theme-related on P81(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitTranslation on P81-821) Despite theinadequatelength of the airstrip in thisemergency landing, theveteran pilotmanaged to stop theplane aftertaxiing foronly a short while.2)Grilled bythe reporters, the movie star eventuallyblurted(out) thatshe had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and ourpartner hasthe capital.Working together, we’ll have the futurein our hands.4) If I had knownbeforehand thatyou would bring so manyfriends home, I would have made betterpreparations. Yousee, I havebarely enoughfood and drinks for a snack.5) People gavegenerously uponlearning that new schoolrooms with strongerstructures wereto be built in theearthquake-stricken area.Translation 2. on P82Well begun, half done ,as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment .From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.Unit 4VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3. 1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters.Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleII. Word FormationIII. UsageAn unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.The reason(he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze2. networking4. growth6. facilitate8. outlook10. patriotic12. strike a balance(A)1. academics3.a variety of5. vanish7. endorsing9. sweeping aside11. erasing(B)1. aided2.effects3.distances4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing 8. qualitatively9. volume 10. DistinguishingII. Translation1 ) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.2 )I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.3 ) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.4 ) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?5 ) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.2．Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.Unit 5VocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting too long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except thatIII.Comprehensive exercisesCloze1.1. insane2. current3. candid4. capable5. was taken aback6. in good condition7. constitution8. go all to pieces9. gone broke 10. vacancy 11. mild 12. deceptive2.1. suspected2. pleading3. confirmed4. stunned5. lucrative6. jewellery7. wealthy8. urge9. spell 10. arrested Translation1.I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer.He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turned up. The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Unit 6Vocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply4) distribution 5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of 9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedVocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inVocabulary 31)is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.2)to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were drivenout by the heat and flames.3)was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get moreinvolved with issues of market demand.4)can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 anddresses at ￡2,000.5)has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order tokeep her body in shape.Vocabulary 41)reaction to; discontent; provoked2)Convention; evading tax; the confines of3) a burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) HonoraryIII. Usage1)Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask,to spend large sums of money to save some species –be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?2)This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to bequickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings.However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.3)With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financialdifficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage.But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.4)Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violenceare just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Cloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature 9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1)advantage 2) wisely 3)faithfully 4)waking5)includes 6) schedule 7) sticking 8)priorities9) set 10) respectTranslation1)They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to findremedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.2)Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried tocram knowledge into my head.3)The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with thechanges of weather wherever we go on a trip.4)The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of thebuilding.5)In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and allkinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.2.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.。
新教材高中英语UNIT5POEMSSectionⅠReadingandThinking学案
UNIT 5 POEMS单元目标主题学习目标通过本单元学习了解诗歌的不同形式和内容, 了解韵律和节奏, 培养对诗歌的兴趣。
语言能力目标核心单词drama, sorow, literary, rhyme, folk, diamond, recite, amateur, mod,format, respective, delicate, comprehension, shelf, core, blank,civilian,sympathy, version, inocent, era, corespond, sow, sed, deadline,contest, polish, string, complicated, variation, racial, prejudice 重点词块nurseryrhyme, bemadeupof单元语法复习定语从句写作能力根据本单元所学知识能够写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的与诗歌有关的应用文。
背景导学Anyone can write a baby poem, and everyone enjoys reading it, the young and the old. Baby shower(送礼聚会) poems can have rhythm and rhyme, but they certainly don’t have to. Poems can be either long or short, but short poems are probably best for your typical baby shower needs. You can add a little humor as well!The people who are most often touched by baby shower poems are those who have had children themselves. Sweet poems can remind them of the time when their little ones were still young. No one will appreciate them more than the family members themselves. If you are a creative writer or have a special talent for putting words together in a special way, then you should try writing your own baby shower poems. This would make a great gift as well.If you decide to write your own baby poems, even common things can inspire you. Inspiration can be found anywhere. Look back on your own memories from the past. What was special about your childhood? What special objects have you treasured overthe years? What words of wisdom (智慧) could you pass on to the next generation? Look around the house and imagine a baby being there. What do you see, hear, or feel? Let those thoughts be the sources of your best baby poems.When writing a baby poem, you do not have to write like Shakespeare, and you just have to be sincere. When the baby grows up, you can think of how special they will feel knowing the words are just for them.If you are not the creative type-don’t worry! There are lots of places online where you can look for poems saying just the things you want to say. Poems have been written on all subjects throughout the ages, and baby shower poems are no exception. A quick search online doesn’t have to take any time at all.1.In the author’s opinion, baby shower poems .A.all have a little humor in themB.are not suitable for adults to enjoyC.don’t have to have rhythm or rhymeD.must be short enough to meet babies’ needs答案： C2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A.Advice from famous poets on writing poems.B.Words that can be used in baby poems.C.Different ways of writing baby poems.D.Inspiration for writing baby poems.答案： D3.According to Paragraph 4, a baby poem should sound .A.encouragingB.sincereC.beautifulD.interesting答案： BSection Ⅰ Reading and Thinking自主学习·激发潜能Ⅰ. 课文翻译教材原文A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMSThere are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language. AHush, little baby, don’t say a word,Papa’s gonna buy you a mockingbird.If that mockingbird won’t sing,教材译文英文诗歌的几种简单形式人们写诗的原因多种多样。
新模式英语三教案Unit1 Lesson3,Lesson 4,Lesson 5
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3.Guide book
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1.Lesson 3.Identify goals,obstacles, and solutions
◆sometimes意为“有时”，频率不及often，表示动作偶尔发生，间断时间较长。其位置比较灵活，放在句首、句中、句末都可。如：
Sometimes we go to the cinema and at other times we go for a walk.
有时我们去看电影，有时我们去散步。
I sometimes watch TV in the evening.我有时晚上看电视。
Debbie is sometimes not responsible for what she does.黛比有时对她所做的事不负责任。
位于句末的用法
1.sometimes常可用于句末。如：
We all get into trouble sometimes.我们有时都会遇到麻烦。
You can’t work all the time，it does you good to go out and enjoy yourself sometimes.
2.The use of the these adverbs of frequency.
3. Lesson 4.Identify study habits
4.Lesson 5 . Time mangement
Unit 5 Animal World新编大学英语第二版第一册课文翻译
Unit 5 Animal WorldDo Animals Have A Culture?by John Fried[1] Lately, social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans, or if some animals have a culture too. When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life a group of people have in common. Culture includes the beliefs and attitudes we learn. It is the patterns of behavior that help people to live together. It is also the patterns of behavior that make one group different from another group.[2] Our culture lets us make up for having lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses. Instead, we use tools, cooperate with one another, and communicate with language. But these aspects of human behavior, or “culture”, can also be found in the lives of certain animals.[3] We used to think that the ability to use tools was the dividing line between human beings and other animals. Lately, however, we have found that this is not the case. Chimpanzees can not only use tools but actually make tools themselves. This is a major step up from simply picking up a handy object and using it. For example, chimpanzees have been seen stripping the leaves off a branch, then putting it into a termite nest. When the termites bite at the stick, the chimpanzee removes it and eats them off the end—like our use of a fork.[4] For some time we thought that although human beings learned their culture, animals could not be taught such behavior. Or even if they could learn, they would not teach one another in the way humans do. This, too, has proven to be untrue. A group of Japanese monkeys was studied at the Kyoto University Monkey Center in Japan. They were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island. One day a young female began to wash her sweet potato to get rid of the sand. This practice soon spread throughout the group. It became learned behavior, not from humans but from other monkeys. Now almost all the monkeys who have not come into contact with this group do not. Thus there is a “cultural” difference among animals.[5] We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior. We have also ruled out the learning and sharing of behavior. Yet we still have held onto the last feature—language. But even the use of language can no longer separate human culture from animal culture. Attempts to teach apes to speak have failed. However, this is because apes do not have the proper vocal organs. But teaching them language has been very successful if we are willing to accept other forms than just the spoken word. Two psychologists trained a chimpanzee named Washoe to use StandardAmerican Sign Language. This is the same language used by deaf people. In this language, “talk” is made through gestures, and not by spelling out w ords with individual letters. By the time she was five years old, Washoe had a vocabulary of 130 signs. Also, she could put them together in new ways that had not been taught her originally. This means she could create language and not just mimic it. She creates her own sentences that have real meaning. This has allowed two-way talk. It permits more than one-way command and response.[6] Of course, there are limits to the culture of animals. As far as we know, no ape has formed social institutions such as religion or law. Also, some chimpanzees may be able to learn sign language, but this form of language is limited in its ability to communicate abstract ideas. Yet with a spoken language we can communicate our entire culture to anyone else who knows that language. Perhaps the most important thing is that the line dividing us from them is not as clear as we used to think.动物拥有文化吗?1 只有人类拥有文化呢，还是某些动物也同样拥有文化，这是社会科学家们最近才提出来的问题。
新模式英语1第三版课件PreUnitWelcometoOurClass
LESSON
B Complete the chart about your class.
Teacher’s name Number of students Number of hours
Miss White 40
4 hours every week
LESSON
C Listen and practice saying the numbers from 0 to 20.
1. Frank: ____G__o_o_d_m__o_rn__in_g______. Welcome to our class. Student: Hello. Thank you.
2. Grace: Hi!______H_o_w__a_re__y_o_u________？ Darcy: Fine, thanks. ______H__o_w__a_re__y_o_u_______？
LESSON
F Read about Gina and Clara.
Name: Gina Smith Address: 14 Second Street Phone: 130 4789 ××××
Name: Clara Black Address: 15 Redhill Road Phone: 8418××××
You
Your partner
____________ ____________
____________ ____________
____________ ____________
LESSON
address /əˈdres, 美 ˈædres/ n. 地址 chart /tʃɑːt/ n. 图表 circle /ˈsɜːkəl/ v. 在……上画圈；将……圈起来 information /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən/ n. 信息 number /ˈnʌmbə/ n. 数字 phone /fəʊn/ n. 电话 say /seɪ/ v. 说，讲
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Unit 5 ------ L2
ii. Having a free talk.
1. Make a big circle on the board. Write community inside the circle.
Draw lines out from the circle and make four secondary circles.
Label one of them lodging. Make lines form this circle to additional
circles. Label these Hotels, Motels, and Hostels.
2. Ask students to close their books and help you complete the
cluster. Use Medical Care, Parks and Recreation, and Residential
Areas for the remaining three secondary circles.
3. In the Activity Bank CD-ROM template folder, there are cluster
diagrams that can be duplicated for each student.
ⅲ.Review some words.
Introduction
Identify well-know places in your community and ask students where
they are located. Accept and answer.
State the objective: Today we will give and follow street
directions.
Presentation 1
1.Write turn around on the board and ask students to repeat.
2.Ask students to open their books and look at the picture. Ask
the questions in the box.
○A Practice the conversation.
Ask volunteers to act out the conversation as if they are doing a role-play. Go over the new words briefly with them.
○B Practice these phrases with your classmates and teacher.
Presentation 2
1.Study the map with students by asking questions. Such as: What
street is next to First Street? Where is the car?
2.Review the direction vocabulary with the class again as you did
in Exercise B on the previous page.
3.Draw a similar map on the board.
○D Look at the map. Read the directions from Exercise C on page 84. Practice2
○E Where are the places? Look at the map and complete the table.
○F Practice the conversation with a partner.
○G Write the phrases under the signs.
III. Summary.（2minutes）
回顾本次课的重点内容。
IV .Assignments.(2minutes)
i. P86 I
ii. 试做练习册的相关练习。