英语学科教育学九大理论
最新英语学科知识与教学能力(高中)必背资料

英语学科知识与教学能力(高中)必背考点第二部分语言教学知识与能力第一章外语教学基本理论第二节英语教学法一语法翻译法(grammar translation method)(一)语言观:语言是书面语,语言是一种知识,是由语音,语法和词汇构成的符号体系。
(外语教学法史上最早的一个教学法体系)(二)教学目的:培养学生阅读外国文学作品的能力和模仿范文进行写作的能力(三)特点是:教师用母语授课,授课重点是讲解与分析句子成分和语音、词汇变化与语法规则。
(四)评价优点:母语翻译,强调语法学习,深刻理解外语抽象词义和复杂结构缺点:1. 忽视口语教学,学生的语音语调差,不利于培养学生用外语进行交际的能力;2. 教学方式单一,学生容易失去兴趣。
二直接法(direct method)(一)语言观:语言是一种技能或习惯,习惯的养成要靠大量的重复练习和模仿(二)教学目的:培养学生阅读外国文学作品的能力和模仿范文进行写作的能力。
(三)特点:直接学习,直接理解和直接应用(四)评价优点:1. 采用各种直观教具,接近实际生活,培养用外语思维能力;2. 注重语言实践练习,学生学习积极性高,学习兴趣浓厚;3. 重视口语和语音教学,能有效地培养学生的语言运用能力。
缺点:1. 排斥母语,使学生对一些抽象和复杂的概念难以理解;2. 没有明晰的语法解释,导致学生说出的话语法错误较多。
三听说法(audio-lingual method)(一)语言观:语言是口语,是说出来的话,而不是写出来的文字。
(二)特点:以句型操练为中心,着重培养儿童听说能力的外语教学法。
(三)评价优点:培养学生敢于大胆主动地使用所学语言进行交谈,口语能力较强;重听说,初级阶段帮助大,语音语调自然。
缺点:机械操练不利于发展创造性思维,重形式,轻读写,语境不利于灵活应用。
四情景法(the situational approach)(一)概念:情景法也叫视听法。
强调耳,眼等器官以及大脑整体地去感知和认识外语材料,培养学生的听说读写四种能力。
英语学科知识及技能

一语言观概念:人类对语言体系的整体看法,语言的交际性是语言的本质功能,因此,语言观实质上就是语言社会供能的本职观。
理论:行为主义心理学下的结构主义语言观,认知心理学理论下的转换生成语言观,社会学理论下的功能主义语言观。
行为主义心理学下的结构主义语言观行为主义源于英语心理学的联想学说,认为学习的过程是刺激反应的过程,行为之所以发生变化是由于强化的结果。
教育引导学生一步步强化,学习从简单到复杂的内容。
美国结构主义语言学家提出了结构主义语言学,认为语言学的主要任务是客观的、系统的描写语言素材,重视语言形式的研究,而忽略了对语言意义的研究,是听说法的理论基础。
认知心理学理论下的转换生成语言观认知心理学认为,语言的学习过程不是听说法主X的刺激强化过程,而是人脑积极思维的结果。
乔姆斯基提出了转换生成语言学,认为语言是一套受规则支配的体系,而人类具有获得语言学习机制和表达能力。
社会学理论下的功能主义语言观社会学家认为,语言的交际性是语言的本质功能,提出语言首先是一种表意的手段,韩德礼的话语分析提出标语是一种表达意义的体系,而不是产生结构的体系。
二语言学习观概念:语言学习观是对语言学习理论、目的、模式、规则、态度和方法的认识、看法和观点。
理论:行为主义学习理论、认知学习理论、社会学习理论行为主义学习理论:认为学习的过程是刺激反应模仿重复的机械工程机械学习基于此认知学习理论:认为学习是根据学习者的内部状态,对外界情况的直觉、记忆和思维等一系列过程,学习过程是学习者重新组织人事结构的过程社会学习理论:是在行为主义学习理论的基础上发展而来的,认为学习是由观察他人的行为和后果而来的,不仅强调直接经验的影响还强调间接经验的影响。
三语言学习的要素外语学习的认识和态度外语学习的目的的目标四语言学习的策略和方法策略:采取语言学习观的折中认知策略;采取正确的结构-功能交际策略;采取多元文化的包容策略;采取低过滤、少监测的心理策略方法:形成独特的学习方法;确立长远目标的短期目标;少抑制自己,乐于学习目的语;长期自愿自觉的学习目的语;在实际生活中多使用目的语;经常自我评估,检测自己的学习能力。
教育教学十大理论

教育教学十大理论教育教学是一门复杂的学科,涉及到多种理论和方法。
以下是教育教学十大理论:1. 社会认知理论:由Jean Piaget提出,强调了儿童在成长过程中的认知和发展,包括感知、语言、思维等方面。
2. 联想理论:由Edward Thorndike提出,强调了学习与记忆的过程,认为学习和记忆是根据过去经验和现在感受的联系建立起来的。
3. 精细技能理论:由Paul Fitts和Michael Posner提出,用来解释学习的过程和性质,包括认知、技能、知识和策略等方面。
4. 情感教育理论:由Daniel Goleman提出,强调了情感在学习和发展中的重要性,包括自我意识、情感管理、自我激励和同理心等方面。
5. 探究性学习理论:由Jerome Bruner提出,强调了学生的主动探究和自主学习,旨在提高学习和认知的效率。
6. 多元智能理论:由Howard Gardner提出,认为智力不是单一的,而是由多种互相独立的智力组成,包括逻辑数学智力、空间智力、音乐智力、体育智力等方面。
7. 社会文化理论:由Lev Vygotsky提出,强调了社会和文化环境对学习和发展的影响,包括个体和群体之间相互作用的社会建构理论。
8. 自我决定理论:由Edward Deci和Richard Ryan提出,认为人的发展和幸福感取决于其自主选择的能力和意愿,强调了学习和自我决定的重要性。
9. 行为主义理论:由Ivan Pavlov和B.F. Skinner提出,认为学习是一种习得新的反应的过程,通过强化和惩罚来改变行为。
10. 转换学习理论:由Robert Gagne提出,认为学习过程可以通过不同的方法来完成,包括认知、情感、技能、知识、策略和价值观等方面。
最新英语学科教育学九大理论

英语学科教育学九大理论(The nine theories of English subject educology)1、Brunner ‘s discovery learning theoryCharacter: students interact with environment by exploring manipulating objects and wresting questions and controversies or performing experience.Advantages: 1. Encourage active engagement2. Promote motivation3. Promote autonomy responsibility independence4. Promote creativity and problem solving skillsDisadvantages: waste a lot of time and do it uneasy, maybe the students learn knowledge not the teacher requirement2、Chomsky’s social constructivist theory and zone of proximal developmentZone of proximal is distance between potential developmental level and actual developmental level of solving problems. Character: need help---independent solving3、Skinner’s verbal behaviorCharacter: language acquisition is the process of habitat formation and set of habitatUS---UR(unconditional stimulus--- unconditional response)CS---CR US+NS---UR (neutral)Chomsky against it because he think it is lack of evidence.Disadvantages: the theory overlook the speaker internal factors in the processContrastive analysis hypothesis: target language and mother tongueDisadvantage:not all language errors can be predicated4、Piaget’s view of language acquisition1.The Sensory-motor stage from ages 0-2 (understanding environment)2.The Preoperational stage from ages 2-7(understanding symbols)3.The concrete operational stage from 7-11 (mental tasks and language use)4.The formal operational stage from 11 onwards(dealing with abstractions)5、Cognitive language acquisition view1.Ausubel’ s meaningful learning theoryMeaningful learning instead of rote learning, students must relate new knowledge(concepts and propositions)to what they already know.2.Cognitive theoryCognitive psychologists see second language acquisition as constructing process of knowledge systems that can eventually the called automatically for speaking and understanding.6、The discourse theory(result from language use)Communication competence includes:1.the knowledge of grammar and vocabulary2.the knowledge of rules of speaking3.the knowledge of how to use and respond to different types of speech acts andsocial conventions4.the knowledge of how to use language appropriately7、The speech act theoryCharacter: actions (say something is the way of doing something)Propositional meaning and Illocutionary meaningLocutionary act: say something with a certain meaning in traditional sense……Illocutionary act: convincing persuading deterring……1.Assertives2.directivesmissives4.expressives5.declaratives8、The universal grammarPositive evidence and Negative evidenceDirect access: language acquisition devicesIndirect accessPartial accessNo accessDisadvantages: 1. UG proponents have to deal with acquisition to account for the language itself 2. Chomsky only learned the core language not learn peripheral grammarmunication is discarded 4. Methodological9、10、The monitor model hypothesis1.2.The acquisition-learning theory(acquisition is subconscious and learning is conscious)3.The natural order hypothesis4.The input hypothesis(The understanding input; The relevant input; no grammaticallysequenced)5.6.The monitor hypothesis(1.there must be enough time 2. Focus is on forms not meaning 3.The learner must know the rule)7.The affective filter hypothesis。
英语学科教学论

英语学科教学论一、引言在全球化日益盛行的今天,英语作为国际通用语言,其在教育领域的重要性不言而喻。
而英语学科教学论则是在这一领域中探讨如何更有效地进行英语教学的学科。
它涵盖了语言学习理论、课程设计、教学方法、评估手段等多个方面,为提升英语教学的质量提供了理论和实践的指导。
二、英语学科教学论的基本概念和内容英语学科教学论主要研究的是英语教学的理论和实践,它包括了对语言学习理论的研究,对英语课程的设计和实施,对教学方法和技巧的探索,以及对教学评估的实践。
其中,语言学习理论是指导我们理解学习过程的理论基础,课程设计是制定教学目标和选择合适的教学材料的过程,教学方法和技巧则是实现有效教学的关键,而教学评估则是检验教学效果的重要手段。
三、英语学科教学论的重要性和挑战英语学科教学论的重要性在于它为英语教学提供了系统的理论指导和实践框架。
它可以帮助教师理解语言学习的本质,设计合适的教学课程,选择有效的教学方法,以及实施科学的教学评估。
然而,随着教育的不断发展和改革,英语学科教学论也面临着许多挑战。
例如,如何平衡知识传授和能力培养,如何处理技术与传统教学的关系,如何应对不同学生的需求等问题都需要我们深入研究和探讨。
四、结论英语学科教学论是指导我们进行英语教学的重要学科,它为我们提供了理论和实践的双重指导。
然而,面对教育的不断发展和改革,我们也需要不断地更新我们的知识和理解,以适应新的挑战。
未来,我们期待英语学科教学论能够为我们提供更多的启示和帮助,以推动我们的英语教学达到更高的水平。
论英语学科核心素养下的初中英语阅读教学在英语学科核心素养的视角下,初中英语阅读教学具有重要的地位。
英语阅读不仅能帮助学生获取信息、拓展视野,也能帮助他们增强语感、积累词汇,提高英语综合能力。
然而,当前的初中英语阅读教学仍存在一些问题,如过度强调词汇和语法,忽视了学生的思维能力和文化意识的培养。
因此,我们需要重新审视初中英语阅读教学,探讨如何培养学生的核心素养。
外语教学理论与流派

3、语言与社会
语言是一种社会现象,它与社会息息相关。语言受社会的 制约又对社会产生影响。语言依存于社会,首先,语言作 为人类最重要的交际工具产生于人们共同的劳动与生活中。 其次,每个人的言语活动(包括语言习得和运用)同样必 须在社会环境中进行,语言随着社会的发展而发展,随着 社会的死亡而死亡;社会对语言的制约主要表现在一下几 个方面:1)社会交际会引起语言的变化,例如许多语言 中都广泛存在的借词现象说明了民族交流给语言带来的影 响;2)社会环境对语言产生影响,例如各种社会因素 (如阶级、帮派、职业、政治等)都会在特定的语境中对 语言的运用产生相当程度的影响;3)社会的分化和统一 影响着语言的分化和统一。总之,语言受制于社会,同时 也反作用于社会,语言与社会的密切关系最终导致了社会 语言学的产生。
显而易见,细心的读者已经知道这些女生的
错误所在了——不是语言错误,而是语用错 误。英美文化中,身处公共场所语境,如要 引起他人注意、寻求帮助时,一般使用 “Excuse me”而不能使用“Hello”。 (参见: 《语言学教程》(第三版中文本,胡壮麟, 北京大学出版社,2008.
7、身势语与文化
6、语言与跨文化:
阅读下面短文,思考这些女生犯了什么错误? What is Wrong with Their “Hello”? A group of Chinese girls who just arrived at the United States for their university education decided to visit the city of New York together. Since their school was not very far from the city, they planned to take a Greyhound bus (“灰狗”,美国一长途汽车公司名) to go there at weekend. Saturday morning, they got up early and after two hours’ drive they got to the downtown of the city. They stayed there for a couple of hours, shopping and sightseeing happily. Everything seemed OK until it was the time for them to go back----they suddenly realized that they lost their way back to the Greyhound bus station. What made the situation worse was that it was getting darker. In despair, they stopped at a corner on the street and decided to ask for help. At this moment they saw a young couple passing by, so they said “Hello!” to this couple. To their surprise, the couple looked at them coldly and hustled on. Having no way out, they approached to the next group of passerby and tried a louder “Hello!” this time. Again they got nothing but a cold shoulder from these city people 的 教学流派
英语教与学的理论基础

一、解读TDI培训的核心内容
1、Fundamentals of ELT(主要学习理论)
建构主义
Piaget
Bruner
建构主义认为:知识是通过与人分享和 交流的过程中建构起来的。 学习是一个积极的过程,在这过程中学 习者通过与环境和与他人互动,发现新 的知识。 合作学习是课堂的中心。 很少需要教学解释语法规则,因为同学 之间的互动和交流有助于学习。
第一语言(母语)学习环境:在本语言被使用 的环境下学习。 外语学习环境:在另一种语言做为第一语言使 用的环境下学习。 第二语言学习环境:在本语言被使用的环境下 学习。 外语或第二语言的学习方法:有意识的学习行为, 如学语法、词汇、发音等。Leabharlann 二、研讨语言学习的主要理论
1、主要学习理论
行为心理学 认知心理学 建构主义 行为心理学——结构语言学 认知心理学——生成语言学 建构主义——社会语言学
认知心理学——生成语言学
Miller
认知心理学认为:人的学习是基于对一种内在 的我们不能马上观察的到的规律的理解。 语言是由一个具有普遍性的系统所主宰。 语言学习涉及到感知、鼓动、经验积累的过程。 在语言课堂上,教师应该详细的解释语法,这 有助于学生的学习。 学生使用已学到的要点和结构进行有意义的运 用。
三、研讨英语课堂教学的主要方法
2、听说法
缺陷: 很多反复操练会让学生厌烦; 太过注重准确性; 学生缺少发展交流技能的的练习机会; 主要注重口语表达,忽视阅读和写作。
三、研讨英语课堂教学的主要方法
3、符号认知学习
强调对语言深层次的学习理解,是对听说法只注重语言表层结 构操练的一种反思。其特点是: 开展针对规则解释的学习活动; 强调推理学习; 根据语法来安排学习材料; 对语法和结构进行操练; 先进行语法解释活动,后进行练习活动。 缺陷: 学习这语言交流能力不熟练; 过多的语法解释会让学生觉得学习困难。
英语学科教育学九大理论汇编

英语学科教育学九大理论(The nine theories of English subject educology)1、Brunner ‘s discovery learning theoryCharacter: students interact with environment by exploring manipulating objects and wresting questions and controversies or performing experience.Advantages: 1. Encourage active engagement2. Promote motivation3. Promote autonomy responsibility independence4. Promote creativity and problem solving skillsDisadvantages: waste a lot of time and do it uneasy, maybe the students learn knowledge not the teacher requirement2、Chomsky’s social constructivist theory and zone of proximal developmentZone of proximal is distance between potential developmental level and actual developmental level of solving problems. Character: need help---independent solving3、Skinner’s verbal behaviorCharacter: language acquisition is the process of habitat formation and set of habitatUS---UR(unconditional stimulus--- unconditional response)CS---CR US+NS---UR (neutral)Chomsky against it because he think it is lack of evidence.Disadvantages: the theory overlook the speaker internal factors in the processContrastive analysis hypothesis: target language and mother tongueDisadvantage:not all language errors can be predicated4、Piaget’s view of language acquisition1.The Sensory-motor stage from ages 0-2 (understanding environment)2.The Preoperational stage from ages 2-7(understanding symbols)3.The concrete operational stage from 7-11 (mental tasks and language use)4.The formal operational stage from 11 onwards(dealing with abstractions)5、Cognitive language acquisition view1.Ausubel’ s meaningful learning theoryMeaningful learning instead of rote learning, students must relate new knowledge(concepts and propositions)to what they already know.2.Cognitive theoryCognitive psychologists see second language acquisition as constructing process of knowledge systems that can eventually the called automatically for speaking and understanding.6、The discourse theory(result from language use)Communication competence includes:1.the knowledge of grammar and vocabulary2.the knowledge of rules of speaking3.the knowledge of how to use and respond to different types of speech acts andsocial conventions4.the knowledge of how to use language appropriately7、The speech act theoryCharacter: actions (say something is the way of doing something)Propositional meaning and Illocutionary meaningLocutionary act: say something with a certain meaning in traditional sense……Illocutionary act: convincing persuading deterring……1.Assertives2.directivesmissives4.expressives5.declaratives8、The universal grammarPositive evidence and Negative evidenceDirect access: language acquisition devicesIndirect accessPartial accessNo accessDisadvantages: 1. UG proponents have to deal with acquisition to account for the language itself 2. Chomsky only learned the core language not learn peripheral grammarmunication is discarded 4. Methodological9、The monitor model hypothesis1.The acquisition-learning theory(acquisition is subconscious and learning is conscious)2.The natural order hypothesis3.The input hypothesis(The understanding input; The relevant input; no grammaticallysequenced)4.5.The monitor hypothesis(1.there must be enough time 2. Focus is on forms not meaning 3.The learner must know the rule)6.7.The affective filter hypothesis。
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英语学科教育学九大理论(The nine theories of English subject educology)
1、Brunner ‘s discovery learning theory
Character: students interact with environment by exploring manipulating objects and wresting questions and controversies or performing experience.
Advantages: 1. Encourage active engagement
2. Promote motivation
3. Promote autonomy responsibility independence
4. Promote creativity and problem solving skills
Disadvantages: waste a lot of time and do it uneasy, maybe the students learn knowledge not the teacher requirement
2、Chomsky’s social constructivist theory and zone of proximal development
Zone of proximal is distance between potential developmental level and actual developmental level of solving problems. Character: need help---independent solving
3、Skinner’s verbal behavior
Character: language acquisition is the process of habitat formation and set of habitat
US---UR(unconditional stimulus--- unconditional response)
CS---CR US+NS---UR (neutral)
Chomsky against it because he think it is lack of evidence.
Disadvantages: the theory overlook the speaker internal factors in the process
Contrastive analysis hypothesis: target language and mother tongue
Disadvantage:not all language errors can be predicated
4、Piaget’s view of language acquisition
1.The Sensory-motor stage from ages 0-2 (understanding environment)
2.The Preoperational stage from ages 2-7(understanding symbols)
3.The concrete operational stage from 7-11 (mental tasks and language use)
4.The formal operational stage from 11 onwards(dealing with abstractions)
5、Cognitive language acquisition view
1.Ausubel’ s meaningful learning theory
Meaningful learning instead of rote learning, students must relate new knowledge(concepts and propositions)to what they already know.
2.Cognitive theory
Cognitive psychologists see second language acquisition as constructing process of knowledge systems that can eventually the called automatically for speaking and understanding.
6、The discourse theory(result from language use)
Communication competence includes:
1.the knowledge of grammar and vocabulary
2.the knowledge of rules of speaking
3.the knowledge of how to use and respond to different types of speech acts and
social conventions
4.the knowledge of how to use language appropriately
7、The speech act theory
Character: actions (say something is the way of doing something)
Propositional meaning and Illocutionary meaning
Locutionary act: say something with a certain meaning in traditional sense……
Illocutionary act: convincing persuading deterring……
1.Assertives
2.directives
missives
4.expressives
5.declaratives
8、The universal grammar
Positive evidence and Negative evidence
Direct access: language acquisition devices
Indirect access
Partial access
No access
Disadvantages: 1. UG proponents have to deal with acquisition to account for the language itself 2. Chomsky only learned the core language not learn peripheral grammar
munication is discarded 4. Methodological
9、The monitor model hypothesis
1.The acquisition-learning theory(acquisition is subconscious and learning is conscious)
2.The natural order hypothesis
3.The input hypothesis(The understanding input; The relevant input; no grammatically
sequenced)
4.The monitor hypothesis(1.there must be enough time 2. Focus is on forms not meaning 3.
The learner must know the rule)
5.The affective filter hypothesis。