高考新题型六选四解读
专题13：六选四阅读高分技巧(原题版)-2023年上海市高考英语一轮复习
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【例题】(2022 金山二模) Beyond the cottage windows the world is white and still. Snow-covered mountains stretch to
the sea. It’s only 2 p.m., but already the light is fading, bathing the scene in a mysterious blue. ____67____ But instead of joining an organized and pricey aurora trip with a tour guide, I’m
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.another.
E “Autcraft” builds from the interests and passions of people with autism rather than trying to redirect or surprise them. F. However, despite loving the game, many of the children were being bullied by other players.
2）若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。 A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词 如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选 项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如 therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word 等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 【例题】(2022 宝山二模) For up-and-coming artists, busking (街头卖艺), or street performance, is a great way to spread awareness of their talent. They may leave business cards out when they perform or sell CDs. Busking is also a way to practice playing in front of a crowd. ___68___. A. But street performers often help each other out B. And on a good day, artists can earn a good amount of money C. Their purpose of performing is to make themselves known to others D. Most, however, leave a hat or an instrument case out for tips
最新高考英语：代词在六选四中的运用分类讲解
代词在六选四中的运用分类讲解1.代词it的运用People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. ___69_____. For that is what going to war means; it means power is right.答案：D69：定位E选项的it.it指代的是前面一句说的杀死最多的一方获胜。
2.代词he的运用(复旦附中2018上高三期中）Minghai had been a monk for four years. When Minghai lived at home, he was called Little Mingzi. 68 They didn’t call it leaving the home life where he came from; they called it being a monk. His hometown produced monks the way other places produced pig gelders, mat weavers, bucket makers, cotton fluffers, artisans, and prostitutes. His hometown produced monks. If a family had a lot of boys, one would be sent to be a monk. In order to be a monk, one had to rely on connections or groups. Minghai’s family didn’t have a large amou nt of farmland, and his three older brothers were enough to farm the land they had. He was the fourth son. The year he turned seven, his uncle, who was a monk, returned home for a visit. After his parents conferred with his uncle, it was decided that he would become a monk.69 Being a monk had its advantages. One didn’t have to cook – every temple had someone who was in charge of the meals. One could also save money.答案：C AC68.定位C选项中的he.C中的he指代的就是前面提到的Minghai，并且leave the home life 有重复出现。
暑假教案19-高三英语-六选四技巧-学生版
六选四技巧（一）考纲解读主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
（二）选材特点短文长度一般为300词左右，题材为记叙文、说明文和议论文为主，其中正文长度为300 字左右，选项词数35词左右。
（三）设空类型1.主旨句：标题类、主题句类；2.过渡性句子:文章结构；3.细节注释性句子：上下文逻辑意义；4.归纳性的句子：段末总结。
（四）解题步骤1、通读文章,确定文章体裁及空白问题的位置和特点。
不同的文章有不同的结构形式，确定文章体裁有利于我们确定各段之间的关系。
一般说来六选四的体裁主要以说明文为主，说明文常采用总-分-总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。
空白问题的位置往往可能在段首、段中、段末，往往利用各种衔接手段（词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接）使文章中的关键词或者句子与备选项形成意义或结构上的对接。
2、通读备选项，找出和文章相对应的线索特征词或关键词。
备选项的特点往往是主旨性句子,过渡性句子和注释性句子。
线索特征词往往是一些表示并列与递进关系，因果关系，转折让步关系，时间关系的关联词，有时也会出现代词、同义词/近义词等。
3、比较并匹配关键词，确定答案。
若没有关键词，可根据位置和逻辑关系确定答案。
用代入法，检查答案是否合理。
将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
（五）答题技巧一）注意关键词名（词）形（容词）代（词）数（词）；衔（接词）动（词）标注（标点或标题）1.词汇复现：复现是指在文章不同位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。
包括原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。
例1：同词复现……The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly.Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.A.Stone Age people lived a simple life.B.But today,we enjoy eating a lot of these.C. In that case,they would live much healthier.D.Ancient people have not lots of physical exercise.E. These new sicknesses were not know in ancient times.for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.(1)A.Apart from influencing athletic ability, being overweight affects young people’s mental health.B.There are currently a few initiatives in place that could help combat this problem.C.While it sounds like a good idea, the course should only be a part of a larger movement to maintain a healthy body through changes in diet and lifestyle.D.Aside from that, working out with like-minded people can provide moral support.E.With this in mind, we can see that such classes should only be the first step of many when it comes to solving the obesity problems in China.F.Due to the current cultural views on obesity there is a significant need for anti-obesity education.Obesity is a problem often associated with North America. However, China is proving that East Asians are having issues battling the problem as well. In fact, it is estimated that there are over 40 million obese people in China. To address weight problems of its students, Nanjing Agricultural University is offering weight reduction classes in which the student who loses the most weight gets the highest mark. (1)__________.Given the many complications that come with it, it’s not hard to realize that obesity is a problem that needs to be acted upon. It was not long ago that a plus size student in Nanjing University fainted during a 1,000-meter race and died tragically. He was 168 centimeters and 92 kilograms, which was not exactly an ideal shape for competitive racing. (2)__________. In fact, depression and social anxiety often go hand in hand with obesity along with heart and breathing problems.In terms of motivation, signing up for a course like the one offered in Nanjing Agricultural University is very likely to inspire individuals. It’s like signing a contract for a goal that promises rewards and recognition.(3)__________. Meanwhile, students get college credits for completing the course by submitting a paper related to weight loss at the end of the semester.However, there’s also a dark side to offering a course that resembles the plot of a reality television show. While entertaining and possibly inspiring for students, this course could lead to an extreme lifestyle change. As a result, there is no guarantee that students will still keep their new found good habits with respect to eating and exercising after the course is completed.(4)__________. The goal should be to find out the reasons why people become overweight and change people’s habits in general instead of focusing on the effects.(2)A.However, they communicate a great deal with their hands -- not only with gesture but also with touch.B.The “comfort zone” presents the different cultures of countries over the world.C.This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.D.The small change of space shows the difference of speaking styles.E.This greater space intelligently brings an air of dignity and respect.F.They readily take someone’s arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route.Did you know that all human beings have a “comfort zone” regulating the distances they stand from someone when they talk? (1)__________.Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean (地中海) , and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. (2)__________. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example; people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes!North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking. (3)__________. They put a sympathetic hand on a person’s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy. They nudge(轻碰) a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story. They pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a childhood in affection. (4)__________.To many people- especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries- s uch bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently (无心地) done with the left hand. (The left hand carries no special significance in the U.S. Many Americans are simply left handed and use that hand more. )(1)A.This behavior has three possible explanations.B.This phenomenon leads to certain behaviors of the low-income shoppers.C.This implies that these households are choosing less expensive fruits and vegetables, which saves a lot for them.D. A similar pattern was found for fixed-weight cheese products.E.Therefore low-income households preferred large-package purchase.F.Low-income shoppers may also be economizing by purchasing a less costly combination of fruit and vegetable product types.。
2017届上海英语高考新题型--6选4(1)
2017届上海英语高考新题型----六选四专题练习（一）(1)Have you got an addictive nature? Are you unable to stop yourself joining in with the latest obsession for collecting or doing something? This probably describes most of us because it's only human nature to not want to miss out on something that everyone else is talking about.Most fads arrive suddenly and enthusiasm for them spreads quickly. They become a talking point on social media; we read about them, give them a try and, before we know it, we are hooked. _________________________. Maybe you were the proud owner of a Rubik's cube, which became the best-selling toy of all time – around 350 million have been sold so far.Now, technology is driving the latest crazes(风靡一时的东西). In some parts of the world, flavour of the month is Pokémon Go – a game that uses augmented reality, where little virtual monsters pop up onto your phone and you have to catch them. And games such as Angry Birds and Minecraft are other crazes, available on smartphones and tablets, that have been hard to put down.Our keeness to participate in crazes has been analysed by experts. One of them, Dr Ben Michaelis, a clinical psychologist, explains that ________________________________ and this "hooks into an ancient evolutionary fear of being left behind or abandoned by our tribes"; we have to join in or lose out.Although becoming addicted to a computer game might not seem like a 'benefit', ______________________________________. It allows you to learn new skills and gives you something to talk about at parties!But fashions come and go and most fads are just a flash in the pan so if one of them is not your cup of tea, don't worry: ________________________________. Look at the addiction to the unsophisticated loom bands – those little rubber bands you could make jewellery and other things out of. For a brief period they were the must-have item for any schoolchild, now they're the bargain bucket item in a discount shop or worse still, trash filling up our landfill sites! What crazes have you been addicted to?（2）The Barking CoughYour child went to bed with a stuffy nose but he's been sleeping peacefully for a few hours. Suddenly, you hear what sounds like a barking seal over the baby monitor. ____________________________________What's probably causing it:Croup, a viral illness that causes inflammation in the larynx (voice box) and the trachea (windpipe). _________________________________, and it usually affects children ages 6 months to 3 years. The telltale cough usually gets better during the day but returns for two more nights. He may also make a high-pitched whistling sound (called stridor) when he inhales. Some kids tend to get croup every time they have a cold.How to help: When your child wakes up barking, bundle（穿的严实）him up and go outside , ___________________________. Or turn on a hot shower and sit with your child in the steamy bathroom for 15 to 20 minutes, since the warm, moist air also may help him breathe, says Parents advisor Jennifer Shu, M.D., editor of The American Academy of Pediatrics' Baby and Child Health. _________________________________ or he has stridor（喘鸣）that gets worse with each breath or lasts for more than five minutes. Between attacks, use a cool-mist humidifier（加湿器）in his room, and make sure he drinks plenty of liquids. Although croup usually resolves on its own, always call your doctor when you suspect it. Recent research has found that one dose of oral steroids（类固醇）-- which doctors used to prescribe only for severe croup -- may also be helpful for milder cases.DACFCAED。
【精编】高考英语之--六选四讲义(带答案)
学科老师辅导讲义设空在第一段的句末，多数考察总起的作用，统领全文。
设空在段落中间的，一定要看前后句，而且要结合本段中心句。
设空在段末的，往往是承上的意思为主，也就是要看前文为主；小部分会“启下”，也就要看下一段的首句意思设空在句首的，往往是启下的意思为主，就是要看下文；小部分也会“承上”，会看上一段的意思。
往往设空在句首的一般不会出现人称代词。
设空在最后段的，可能要总结全文的意思。
注意逻辑关系词：but, however, therefor, for example, because, and, or, furthermore, also, in addition等等。
本着“先易后难”的原则，先做肯定，最后进行对比和排除；特别注意迷惑选项的对比和排除。
例题分析例题（一）：Secret codes (密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years.__1__ Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography.__2__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”__3__You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “135520135.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.__4__ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” ．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A．In any language, some letters are used more than others.B．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.C．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.D．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.【试题解析】前后文都在说网上课程的发展情况，It 代指网上课程69【参考答案】F【考查内容】上下文衔接【试题解析】前文说Ng 举行了免费的网上课程，后文应讲到它的受欢迎程度才会让Ng 惊讶70【参考答案】E【考查内容】上下文衔接【试题解析】Ng根据现状好多人可以参加高水平课程的人都不是来自于名校，推出自己公司发展的前景知识点2：考纲单词（老师自行安排）一词多性归纳总结课后作业【松江，闵行】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. If you associate with distinguished people, you are likely to find yourself with betteropportunities.B. Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people atregular time.C. In addition, the chances, if any, are low that you can find a satisfactory job in an economicsituation like this.D. Once you have a couple of targets, think about why and what interests you.E. That is to say, the people you keep company with determine your character development.F. Job searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making fromrelatively few options.The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately. 67 If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects today:Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. 68 Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue (收益). Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace.69Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. 70 People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.67.F 68. D 69. A 70. B【青浦宝山长宁金山】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Scientists use indirect methods to discover exoplanets.B.Most exoplanets are very different from the ones in our solar system.C.As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see.D.Astronomers have detected signals indicating the presence of a planet.E.However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades.F.Direct detection of the visible light from giant planets in space is becoming increasingly possible.Exoplanets (外行星)：The Hunt Is OnToday scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. 67 Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake.68 However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surf ace temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water.So far,only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky W a y. has been explored. Even so, scientists have confirmed over 3,500 exoplanets, with more being added every day.To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground-based telescopes, earth-circling and sun-circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. 69 For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit (凌日）method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way.As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. 70 Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity (径向速度）method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets.These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find!67-70 EBAC【普陀】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. N ote that there are two more sentences than you need.Any apples today? Effie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo. On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then. (67)_______________All pretense(借口) of payment was dropped when our funds, food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities.(68)________________Effie was not a rich woman. Her income, derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $ 200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer.Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. "Here, darling," I said, “is what I owe you.”(69)________________ “Give it back as I gave it to you —a little at a time” I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curious thing began to happen.Whenever I saw a fellow human in financial trouble, I was moved to help him. I can't afford to do this always, but in the ten years since Effie's death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her.(70)________________ At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled. So the account canA. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wife's trip to New York for consultation with a specialist.B. Give your help to those in greater need.C. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on.D. Effie worked diligently all her life.E. “Pay me whenever you like,” said Effie, climbing back into her truck.F. “Don' t give it to me all at once,” she said.young.As according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older, we keep this system inside. Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking. Our words give us an interesting view of our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”.69 if you want proof, turn on sports channel. You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself. Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problem and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different places, just like a regular dialogue, and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk – silent and out loud – seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking. 70 .67-70 EBDC【嘉定】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.G.the speakers, before speaking,predicted how much the listeners would enjoy hearing them talk, and how interesting and effective the listeners would consider themH.The reason behind this is that the speakers seem to be able to keep their audience engaged in their stories.I.Listeners could f ill in the gaps in the speaker’s story because they had already seen the video the speaker was describing.J.Speakers think listeners will most enjoy hearing stories about experiences that the listeners have not themselves had,but our studies suggest the speakers were wrong.K.That’s because those experiences are so complex that they are nearly impossible for an ordinary person to communicate wellL.As a matter of fact,however, listeners responded much more positively when they had seen the video.The research emerged out of some real-life observations shared by Gilbert and co-authors Gus Cooney (Harvard University) and Timothy D. Wilson (University of Virginia):Conversation is the most common of all human social activities, and doing it e requires that we know what our conversation partners most want to hear. 67says psychological scientist Daniel T.Gilbert of Harvard University“When our friends try to tell us about movies we’ve never seen or albums we’ve never heard, we usually find ourselves bored, confused, and underwhelmed. 68 And yet, as soon as it’s our turn to speak, we do exactly the same thing to our friends—with exactly the same consequences. We wanted to understand why this happens.”The researchers decided to do this by conducting a series of four experiments.I n their first experiment, the researchers assigned participants to groups of three, with one person acting as the speaker and the other two acting as listeners. Speakers watched a video – either a TED talk about the intelligence of crows or an interview with the owner of a specialty soda shop – and then tried to describe it to the listeners. Some of the listeners had seen the video the speaker was describing, and others had not.69 . When the speakers were done speaking, the listeners rated them on these dimensions.The results showed that speakers’ predictions were exactly backwards. Speakers expected listeners to respond more positively to their stories when the listeners had not seen the video they were describing. ____70______Although speakers expected listeners to enjoy hearing about a novel experience more than a familiar one, it was actually the other way around.A second study showed that when asked to predict their own reactions before hearing the story, listeners made the same mistake that speakers did.67—70 DEAF【虹口】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The greatest advantage of the tutorial system is the individual attention that students receive.B. Tutorials can be considered the backbone of undergraduate teaching at Oxford.C. Sometimes, the student may leave a tutorial with only a reading list and the title of the next essay.D. Tutorials can greatly enhance the undergraduates’ academic performance.E. The greatest advantage of the tutorial system is the various curriculums that students receive.F. In the mean time, tutorials are also beneficial for developing students’ skills of critical anal ysis.The Tutorial System of Oxford UniversityIn the University of Oxford, teaching is conducted primarily through the tutorial system. It is one of the most unique and well-known methods of teaching across the world.The weekly tutorial consists of a one-hour meeting between the tutor and small numbers of students (usually two to four). During this time, an essay prepared specifically for that tutorial is read by students and commented upon by the tutor. At the end of the tutorial, the tutor will assign the topic of study for the coming week and suggest readings. __67__ Meanwhile, they are also complemented by departmental lectures which are conducted on a university wide basis, lab work, and seminars (研讨会) often with groups of perhaps 10 students.Tutorials have gained their reputation because of the close relationship they maintain between the tutor and the student. The tutorial system provides undergraduates with direct and in most cases weekly contact with tutors in their academic fields.__68__Before the weekly tutorial, students are required to prepare an essay or other works, which they read or present to the tutor. During each tutorial, students are expected to communicate, debate, analyze and critique the ideas of others as well as their own in conversations with the professor and fellow-students. The tutorial system has great value that it creates learning and assessment opportunities which are highly authentic (可靠的) and difficult to fake, as the student’s work is discussed on the spot.__69__The contrast between tutorials and large lectures common in the American universities is obvious. In the typical American university, students are taught by the same specialists, in the same manner, and held to the same standards.However, during tutorials, students have the opportunity to explore their own ideas directly with experts in particular subjects. __70__ As a result, students must engage in extensive independent reading and research, using the resources available, under the guidance of the tutor.67-70: BFA C【浦东新区】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. What accounts for this culture of generosity?B. This belief is central to the national character.C. How can a sense of generosity be cultivated?D. Americans' generosity is rooted in selfless behavior.E. America’s philanthropic nature is not restricted to the rich.F. The formal practice of philanthropy traces its origin to a Founding Father.Charity -Humanity’s most kind and generous desire -- is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modem billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.67. Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality (节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 lb. of sterling silver - one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he established evolved alongside the young nation.68. Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.69. The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote，“Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.”Franklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. 70. America’s greatest strength is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.。
2017年上海高考英语阅读新题 型六选四
2017上海高考英语阅读新题型六选四(一) Most drinks stating that they are fruit-flavored （水果味道的） contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a small quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission． "Shoppers need to check the labels（标签）before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual content can be non-existent," said Food Commission spokesperson Lan Tokelove．"Food production is highly competitive．___1 __ It will increase profits, and consumers won't always realize they are being tricked." Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavors．Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores． __2_ Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit．In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar． _3 _ Let's take jam as an example. Some strawberry-flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have bought．Under current UK law. Food packages do no not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. "Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering the surface of the packed with pictures of stawberries is misleading. _4_ Unfortunatcly, it is also legal and widespread," Tokelove said. A．The products which contain real fruit are popular with people． B．Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit． C．They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all． D．If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so． E．It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products． F．Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry oreven no fruit at all．(二)On a typical hot August day in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, Zeng Demei, a retired worker in his seventies, hurries down a busy street．In his hand is a black leather bag．Zeng opens his bag, taking out two forms．1_____.Each of the forms contains detailed information of a student．On his arrival two hours later a woman greets him and leads him to her office where another man is waiting．They are the two village officials．They inspect the forms handed to them by Zeng and immediately recognize the girls． 2 _____ ? "It’s a pity but it doesn't matter．" says Zeng, who wastes no time in deciding to look for the remaining child, Su Qiuju．After half an hour, they stop outside a small house made of mud brick．A middle-aged man and a girl in a faded pink dress greet them．Su Qiuju is eight years old．She was forced to drop out of school after both her parents died．She is now living with her uncle who cannot afford his own children's education．However, the year of education Su Qiuju did complete was a successful one． 3 _____ ．When they are about to leave, Zeng says, "I must find a supporter for this girl to sponsor her education．" Zeng has made it his retirement task to help children complete their schooling．Back in 1999, Zeng took part in a campaign started by the local women's organization to help students from poor families．He was so overcome by the tough situation of many poor children ?that he donated all his money to help out a girlHis task had begun and since then he has spent his time persuading his friends and neighbors and others to donate money．"To me, children's education is the most important． 4 I have to find sufficient funding before the school opens in September．"When asked how long he will keep up his vital work as the community's guardian angel, he has a simple reply．" Not until my eyes can't see, and my feet can't move．"A．They were having problems with their schoolworkB．These are for the two girls he's going to visit this morningC．They live in a small village not very far, though only one of the girls is still living at homeD．She displayed a talent for handwriting, writing her three-character name neatly and beautifullyE．The thought of students dropping out of school bothers me so much that I can't get to sleep at nightF．Of course, some people question why I would want to give up my retirement to go to so much trouble(三)Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.1 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.2 The following methods may work best for you.●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.● Write your notes in your own words.● 3● Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time.4A. Use words, not complete sentences.B. There are three practical note-taking methods.C. You must write your notes on separate paper.D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.(四) Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences._1- Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately，we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.—2--It’s understandable，but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there..Learn to really trust yourself. Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. -3--If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated. ?You didn’t lose “everything”.Once trust is lost，what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.-4-- Instead，it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A.It is putting confidence in someone. B.Stop regarding yourself as the victim. C.Remember that you can expect the best in return. D.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. E.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. F.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.(五). This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant，especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy.- 1- They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.-2 --Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First，understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.—3- And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”，being focused，is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.—4- Finally，you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. Therefore，it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A.Having interesting things to think about also helps. B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C.Without wandering minds，we wouldn’t have relativity，Coke or Post-it notes. D.At one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E.It involves slow，steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.答案:(一) D C B F (二).BCDE (三). EFAD (四) A. D B F(5). BCAE。
06 深度解析六选四阅读-高二英语寒假特训课程(上海专用)
专题知识：针对考试题型，进行系统梳理，感悟解题方法。
题型检测：链接考试真题，题型组合练，能力逐个突破。
六选四解题技巧
一、解题思路
1、理清句际间的关系
文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉，理清句际间的关系，进而理解语段或全文的内容。
平列关系（如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude等）。
A. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, one of them is learning how to learn.
B. Two major findings have emerged from these researches.
C. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age.
二、解题步骤
1、通读全文
对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意，首段与末段的提示作用。
优选教育上海实验学校届高考英语阅读六选四技巧课件(共张).ppt
topic sentence supporting sentences
Pokémon Go is wildly popular. Four armed robbers lured unsuspecting players to a remote car park to rob them. Australian police also warned users to make sure they look up from their phones when playing to cross roads.
4/6 阅读新题型
1 passage
4 missinast tense
Page 2 Section B
1. Underline words and phrases in the choice and context that help you make the choice.
Transition sentence Transition过渡 words:
• logic (furthermore, …)
#Order
#Completeness #Unity
• All sentences support the main idea.
Pokémon Go is wildly popular. Four armed robbers lured unsuspecting players to a remote car park to rob them. Australian police also warned users to make sure they look up from their phones when playing to cross roads.
高考英语阅读六选四技巧课件(共18张)
Poké mon Go is wildly popular. Four armed robbers lured unsuspecting players to a remote car park to rob them. Australian police also warned users to make sure they look up from their phones when playing to cross roads.
人称代词it him her them
指示代词this these that and, also; but, however; thus, so
Not just test-taking skills but a good command of reading and writing.
新
1 passage
4 missing sentences
6 choices
Topic sentence主题句
S1 // S2 // S3
S1S2S3
macro
Supporting sentences
细节支撑句
∵S1∴S2
S2: S1⊥S3
词语重复
Repetition
同义近义反义 it him her them
Macro
para. Stru.
Topic sentence
S1 // S2 // S3 S1S2S3
Supporting sentences
∵S1∴S2
context Repetition 同义近义反义 S2: S1⊥S3
Micro
Word, phrase
Pronouns Transition words
选句填空六选四解题技巧之二-2021年高考英语题型大冲关(上海专用)
阅读六选四解题技巧分析（2）知识导图要点精析六选四做题技巧指导1.利用词汇复现或同义词解题重复词汇是指关键词以同一形式或不同的词性在文章中反复出现，达到紧扣主题的目的。
找到含有与关键词相同或最接近的单词的选项，然后再来验证句意内容是否通顺。
从而达到快而准的效果。
一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
例1：People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. ____67____A.Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being civilized.B.Most people believe those who have conquered the most nations are the greatest.C.However, every year conflicts between countries and nations still claim thousands of lives.D.And not only has it won, but also because it has won, it has been in the right.E.So there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better.F.People don’t fight and kill each other in the streets, but nations still behave like savages.例2：You can show your child how to make choice between different brands of a product so that you can save money. ____5____ If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved.A.Wise decisions.B.The value of money.C.Permit the child to choose between them.D.Tell your child why he can—or cannot—have certain things.E.Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to YOUF.Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy storeG. The best time to teach a childanything about money is when he shows.例3：Nonetheless, doctors and nurses are finding that paying attention to what might be seen as superficial concerns — hair and makeup — has a positive effect on patients, with beauty regimes being bright spots in whatcan be a dreary journey through radiation and other therapies. ___2___A.Feeling good about oneself played a very big role in a patient’s recovery.B.Hospitals are forming partnerships with local salons to serve their patients.C.Three more centers are scheduled to open in the United States by the end of this year.D.Because of these perceived benefits, programs focused on cosmetic solutions are spreading.E.The nationwide program has volunteer hairstylists, cosmetologists, wigmakers, etc., who make periodicappearances.In this small, out-of-the-way room, cosmetologists specialize in assisting cancer patients who lose their hair, experience changes to their skin or have breasts surgically removed.2.利用逻辑词解题逻辑词的运用在说明文和议论文中是十分常见，无论是在完形填空还是六选四中都可以加以利用。
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高考新题型六选四解读
今年，上海英语高考的题型又改革了，其中一个新题型便是“六选四”，即给出一篇缺少4个句子
的文章，对应有6个选项，要求学生们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。这个
题型主要考查学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
记得几年前，上海英语高考中有过类似的题型，即六选五。虽一字之差，但这次的题型却比以往对考
生提出了更高的阅读理解的要求。
六选五 六选四
出题数量 题目5道，6个选项 题目4道，6个选项
出题位置 每段段首 段首，段中，段尾
分值 5/150 (3.3%) 8/140(5.7%)
共同点 不仅要有阅读速度，要对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，
尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且
能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次
在开始训练这个新题型之前，我们先在全年级摸了个底，在月考时，我们把市里样题中的一篇文章放
在卷子里给学生们做，事后经过统计，理科班的同学在这一题型上的平均得分为6点多，也就是错1个；
而平行班同学的得分就更低了。所以我们备课组的老师们对此题型不敢掉以轻心，认真研读各种文本，总
结出如下几点：
首先，我们在阅读教学时，有意识地强化文章和段落的结构，让学生知道并掌握如下基本结构。这不
仅对六选四有帮助，对于他们的段落概括和作文都十分有用。
结构 应用 写作/出题重点
描述型 介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点 人物的描述 时间，地点，人物
起因，发展，结果
解释型 解释某一理论、学科、事物 下定义，举例子，类比
比较型 两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比 类比，列数字
原因型 分析事物的成因 起因（主客观，直间接）
驳斥型 先介绍一种观点，然后分析其优点缺点或对其评论或驳斥 举例子，作比较，阐述自己观点
然后，我们从出题位置着手，分三个方面
1. 问题在段首
1）第一段段首：通常是整篇文章的主题句，需要在认真阅读后文内容后，进行选择。不必在第一时
间选出。
2）中间段段首：这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机
地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
3）最后一段段首：通常是整篇文章的总结段，或是最后一个分论点。可以根据关键词的提示选出答
案。
2. 问题在段中：学会找关键词是重中之重。
3. 问题在段尾:：通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，
如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语。有时候，选项中也可发
现前文的同义词句或对比词，这些都可以作为选择时的关键词句来使用。
在这样做了一段时间题目后，我发现学生对于出题位置在段首和段尾的题目的正确率较高，而问题在
段中的差错率就比较高。学生们经常会顾头不顾尾，找不准关键词，看不到提示词，导致答案出错。
例如：We seem to have completely lost the concept of correct timing when it comes to parties these days.
__4__ After all, a party normally has a guest of honour ---- this is usually the oldest woman present.
A. We’ve thrown away the concept of a guest of honour at will.
C. People leave with various excuses.
这道题很多同学看到后句中有guest of honour就毫不犹豫的都选了A。而实际上，正确答案应该是C。
是对于上句中lost of concept of correct timing的一种诠释。后句用提示词after all 把前后句分开，并且，后
句讲的是correct timing.经过这样的分析后，选C就显而易见了。
例如：Aim to be early
Your constant goal is to be on time, but you are always running late. Well, you could wonder about the root
cause and timely make a change. __4__ By doing so for a few times, you can actually make a change and avoid
lateness.
A. Ask a friend to remind you at a certain time to be on time.
F. Instead of showing up late, try to arrive before the appointed time.
这道题同样是因为关键词的问题导致很多同学选了A。其实这段话的关键词是to be early, 所以F中的
before the appointed time 显然要比A 中的on time 更贴近关键词。
找关键词的方法还有很多，比如说同义词/近义词法，代词法，同一范畴法，数字法等。我们还可以用
各种逻辑关系来帮助学生解题。总之，方法不胜枚举。不过我想，要让学生们短期内学会这些方法，并灵
活运用还是有一定难度的。而且我们手头的资料也并不多，所以，我们可以通过分析其他题型中的阅读文
章来让学生接触大量诸如识别关键词等方法，从而提高这一题型的得分率。