托福语法-英语初级语法讲义PPT(从此眼中无难句)
动词分为两类
• 及物动词 • 不及物动词
• 三、介词
• go ___ school; come ___ the room; • Sit ___ the desk ；point ___ the book ; • ___ last year; ___ Monday； ___ 6:00; • aim ___ ; laugh ___ ; throw ___ ; • look ___ • up/ down on/ out/ into/ for/ forward to/ • after/ back/ over/ through
一、关系词汇
• 连词、表示关系的副词及词组… • 功能：连句成段 连段成文
• 1. “因果、条件”关系词 （as a result, result in, result from, lead to, because of, due to, contribute to, owning to, hence, since, accordingly, consequently, therefore, in that, etc.）
• 2. “转折、对立”关系词 （despite, in spite of, but, although, though, while, yet, otherwise, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, etc.）
• 3. “比较、递进”关系词 （ equally, likewise, similarly, in comparison, as far as, as long as, etc.）
从此眼中无难句
• The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.
• 4. “并列、选择”关系词 （ first, second…finally, and, or, as well as, one… the other, not…nor…, etc.）
• 二、动词
• By the 1970s, a new respect for the place of buildings within the existing townscape arose.
从此眼中无难句
• Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.
• 现在分词 doing • 过去分词 done • 不定式 to do
非谓语动词
• 现在分词 doing • 主动发出，正在进行
• 过去分词 done • 被动接受，已经完成
Байду номын сангаас• 不定式 to do • 目的意图，将来趋势
从此眼中无难句
• Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.
从此眼中无难句
• The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.
我眼中的语法起源
语法之于法律 语法之于普通话
语法不是原则，而是规范， 目的在于消除歧义、避免误解
课程主线及目的
• 简单语法
阅读：从此眼中无难句 只有啰嗦的句子，没有复杂的句子
复杂语法
写作：规则正道在母语 正确的中文思维 = 流畅的英文句子
语法考试：具体的语法常考点
简单语法
• 词法 单词的功能，如何构成句子
• People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods.
非谓语动词
合集下载
托福口语讲义ppt课件
To begin with, they have a wonderful cook who can make really delicious food. Every time I go there, I couldn’t help but eat a lot until I find myself too full.
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Structuring up your answer
主题句: Well, I’d like to talk about the shopping center nearby my home/ 5 minutes
away from my university. (It’s a 4-storey building.)
I guess that’s why I love going there so often.
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Aquarium
Well, the place I’d like to talk about is the aquarium half an hour away from my school. I love going there for three reasons.
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Sample answer: TST
T: Topic sentence (one sentence) S: Supporting ideas (personal
experience, examples, figures, reasons) T: Transition (first, second, also, finally,
To begin with, I really feel relaxed when I see the beautiful fishes of different colors swim freely in the water tank.
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Structuring up your answer
主题句: Well, I’d like to talk about the shopping center nearby my home/ 5 minutes
away from my university. (It’s a 4-storey building.)
I guess that’s why I love going there so often.
.
9
Aquarium
Well, the place I’d like to talk about is the aquarium half an hour away from my school. I love going there for three reasons.
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3
Sample answer: TST
T: Topic sentence (one sentence) S: Supporting ideas (personal
experience, examples, figures, reasons) T: Transition (first, second, also, finally,
To begin with, I really feel relaxed when I see the beautiful fishes of different colors swim freely in the water tank.
托福语法3ppt课件
即：n.1+(which+be)adj.+prep.+n.2
A distance equal to twice around the world
↓
↓↓
↓
n.1 adj. prep. n.2
n1 +（adj+prep+n2）
be equal to,equal adj.
※ 当adj短语做后置定语修饰n.时，等价于定语从句 的省略。
(A) however
(B) thus
(C) and
(D) moreover
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第二部分 填空题常考结构分析
例: Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the lower ground levels, thereby from freezing.
如上句为A distance which is equal to……the world
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第二部分 填空题常考结构分析
Ex: deposits (which are) similar to those foods (which are) high in fat a room (which is) bare of furniture a line (which is) perpendicular to the surface animals (which are) capable of secreting
2.省略性：结构中相同的谓语可以省略， 尤其是be动词常省。
3.倒装性:第二个the more后面可以使用 倒装，而第一个后面却不行
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托福基础语法课件市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件
• 主谓一致性！ ！ ！
第15页
• 5. In general, computers help students learn things more effectively, computer games may lower their efficiency.
• 缺乏连接词！ ！ ！
第16页
• 6. There are numerous countries in the world suffer from poverty.
语法常见错误7宗罪
第1页
第一宗罪:
• Employee can get more benefits from telecommuting than employer.
• 名词 • employee和employer被“裸体”使用了。
• 更正: the employee; the employer
•
• 动词不能作主语！
第13页
• 3.Some events are not report by the media in a dependable way.
• 被动语态 be + v-ed!!!
第14页
• 4. The governments of all countries on this planet is beginning to realize the severity of water shortage.
用一个稍微简单，不过含有概括效 果词汇 （2）同义替换 稍作解释，让阅卷人能懂即可
第38页
Q 1： 孙老师很变态。“变态”怎样翻译？ ------- BT -------与正常人不一样
be different from normal people
第15页
• 5. In general, computers help students learn things more effectively, computer games may lower their efficiency.
• 缺乏连接词！ ！ ！
第16页
• 6. There are numerous countries in the world suffer from poverty.
语法常见错误7宗罪
第1页
第一宗罪:
• Employee can get more benefits from telecommuting than employer.
• 名词 • employee和employer被“裸体”使用了。
• 更正: the employee; the employer
•
• 动词不能作主语！
第13页
• 3.Some events are not report by the media in a dependable way.
• 被动语态 be + v-ed!!!
第14页
• 4. The governments of all countries on this planet is beginning to realize the severity of water shortage.
用一个稍微简单，不过含有概括效 果词汇 （2）同义替换 稍作解释，让阅卷人能懂即可
第38页
Q 1： 孙老师很变态。“变态”怎样翻译？ ------- BT -------与正常人不一样
be different from normal people
雅思语法 ppt课件
语法的主流趋势
我要喝点东西。 I want a drink.
a water, a beer, a coffee 创新是必须的。 Innovation is a must.
语法在“进化”
1. 句子成分： 主谓宾+定状补 2. 简单句：五大基本句型 3. 并列句 4. 复合句： 宾语从句，定语从句，状语从句 5. 动词四类和五大基本时态
165
IELTS 7 99
112
94
101
TOTAL
雅思写作
雅思写作 并列句
2009 15
定语从句 状语从句 名词性从 句（主宾 表同）
8
7
36
2008 17
9
10
39
Grammar & vocabulary
Grammar 无规矩不成方圆
Vocabulary 巧妇难为无米之炊
Reading ＞ ＞ ＞Writing Listening ＞ ＞ ＞Speaking
及物动词，直接跟宾语，如 eat, drink, know, play, watch
不及物动词，可以不直接跟宾语， 如 jump, sit, stand, think, sleep, wait, die, fight, run, live
情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形 系动词 如 am, is , are
9． I‘m not sure____if_/w_h_e_t_h_er_i_t _w_il_l b_e__su_n_n_y_t_o_m_o_r_ro_w_______(明天天 气是否晴朗)
10．He asked me_____w_h_a_t_I_d_id__w_it_h_th_e__m_a_tt_e_r ___________(是如何 处理这件事的)
托福听力全解 ppt课件
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Lecture
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1. Basic Comprehension 基本理解力 1). Gist 2). Detail
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2. Pragmatic Understanding 实际理解力 1). Function 2). Attitude
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ocean
oceanic
declare declaration
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3. 语音现象
连读：辅音＋元音
get up
check out
run out of all about it
in-side out put it off
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失爆：/ b / / p / / d / / t / / g / / k / + 与其不相 同的辅音，发后一个辅音，前一个做发音准 备
blackboard breakfast
stop by sit down
lap top
mid-term
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弱读：元音音素的弱化，指一个单词中的元音音素 在口语中由于说话时语速快或在句子中处于次要位 置而不被强调等原因，不能发完全而标准的读音， 却变为强度较弱的其他元音的现象。
history ／histəri／→／histri／ family ／fæ mili／→／fæ ｍli／
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列举： first(ly), second, third, last/ finally one, another
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补充： and, as well as also, too, in addition further, furthermore
托福语法课件-基础语法第一章
Fracture
n. 小画像，缩影（mini 小） n. 立法机关（legis 法律 + lat 带来） n. 骨折；断裂（fract 断）
18. －or 表名词，“人或物器”，在一些词根前 写成“－ator”
Mentor
Vendor
Precursor
n. 导师（ment 精神） n. 小贩（vend 出售） n. 先驱（pre 预先 + curs 跑）
n. 人格，个性（person 人） n. 国籍（nation 国家） n. 好客（hospit 客人）
9. -an 表名词和形容词，“…地方.…人”
American Partisan Artisan
n. 美洲人, a.美洲的 （America 美洲） n. 党徒（party 党派） n. 手工艺人（artist 艺术家）
19. -ment表名词,“行为或结果”
Movement Agreement Management
n. 运动（move 动） n. 协议（agree 同意） n. 管理（manage 管理）
20. -ity 表名词，指具备某种性质
Probity Mendacity Duplicity
Warmth Growth Stealth
n. 温暖（warm 温暖的） n. 成长（grow 成长） n. 偷偷摸摸（steal 偷）
17. -ture 表名词，通常在单词或词根以t 结尾时 使用，表示“一般状态，行为…ature”， “iture”
Miniature
Legislature
4. -acy 表名词，“→性质，状态”
Fallacy Supremacy Intimacy
英语语法基本框架 ppt课件
ppt课件
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（１）主语＋动词 ： She（主语） sings（动词）
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Time flies. Class begins. Spring has come. The birds are singing. Everybody laughed. Fish swim. The medicine works.
ppt课件 13
冠词 定冠词 a an 不定冠词 the
ppt课件
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连词
并列连词: but/and/or/nor/so/therefore/yet/ however/nevertheless/for/as well as/both…and/not only…but also/ either…or/neither…nor/(and)then
英语语法的基本体系
一、词法
二、句法 1、按句型结构分 （1）简单句 （2）并列句 （3）复合句 2、按使用目的可分为四类 （1）陈述句 （2）疑问句 （3）感叹句 （4）祈使句
ppt课件 1
１.按句型结构分有以下五种句型： （１）主语＋动词 （不及物） （２）主语＋动词（及物）＋宾语 （３）主语＋动词（系动词）＋表语 （４）主语＋动词（及物） 1. ＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 （５）主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾补 2.按使用目的可分为四类 （1）陈述句（2）疑问句 （3）感叹句（4）祈使句
ppt课件 22
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
（3）主语＋系动词＋表语： She is （主语） （系动词）
This is our classroom. It is bright and clean. My parents are both teachers. The story is very instructive. School is over. We were all out. Tom looks young. You seem tired. I feel quite comfortable. The weather is keeping fine. He remained silent. 23 ppt课件 The day are getting longer and longer.
【Selected】托福写作之词汇与句型.ppt
IBT写作之语言技巧
词汇句型篇
甩掉恶心词—近义词替换1
必须掌握的同义词big篇： large adj.大的 tremendous adj.巨大的，惊人的 massive adj.巨大的 enormous adj.巨大的 immeasurable adj.不可估量的 immense adj.巨大的，无限的 titanic adj.巨大的
cars sedans SUVs
ships
orchestra planes
Percussion instruments
Mercedes BMW Toyota Camery Corolla Crown
上下义词6
tools
上
vehicles
义
词
到
cars
下 义
词
的
sedans
演
化
Toyota
过 程
Crown
上下义词7
tools vehicles
主题句
cars
分论点
sedans Toyota
支持分论 点的细节
Crown
classmates
上下义词8
teachers
people relatives
ships
orchestra planes
Percussion instruments
Mercedes BMW Toyota Camery Corolla Crown
上下义词5
tools
tableware
vehicles
instruments
spoons chopsticks forks
trucks tractors
近义词替换5
必须掌握的同义词great篇： distinguished adj.卓越的 glorious adj.辉煌的，壮丽的 impressive adj.令人印象深刻的 prominent adj.显著的，卓越的 magnificent adj.壮丽的，宏伟的 remarkable adj.非凡的，显著的 outstanding adj.杰出的
词汇句型篇
甩掉恶心词—近义词替换1
必须掌握的同义词big篇： large adj.大的 tremendous adj.巨大的，惊人的 massive adj.巨大的 enormous adj.巨大的 immeasurable adj.不可估量的 immense adj.巨大的，无限的 titanic adj.巨大的
cars sedans SUVs
ships
orchestra planes
Percussion instruments
Mercedes BMW Toyota Camery Corolla Crown
上下义词6
tools
上
vehicles
义
词
到
cars
下 义
词
的
sedans
演
化
Toyota
过 程
Crown
上下义词7
tools vehicles
主题句
cars
分论点
sedans Toyota
支持分论 点的细节
Crown
classmates
上下义词8
teachers
people relatives
ships
orchestra planes
Percussion instruments
Mercedes BMW Toyota Camery Corolla Crown
上下义词5
tools
tableware
vehicles
instruments
spoons chopsticks forks
trucks tractors
近义词替换5
必须掌握的同义词great篇： distinguished adj.卓越的 glorious adj.辉煌的，壮丽的 impressive adj.令人印象深刻的 prominent adj.显著的，卓越的 magnificent adj.壮丽的，宏伟的 remarkable adj.非凡的，显著的 outstanding adj.杰出的
托福口语ppt课件
对于那些刚刚接触托福口语的同学们来说，口语部分也许是比较 难啃的一块大肉。由于国内的应试教育，导致了很多人学的都是 ‘哑巴英语’。面对托福口语使他们不知道说什么从何说起。这 就需要我们在平时的时候加强对话题的拓展和训练。
大家都知道IBT考试的口语部分通常都是取材于北美大学学生日常 学术和校园生活的许多方面，要求学生可以熟练地理解别人的思 路并表达出自己的看法。读/听/说题目和听/说题目都要求考生充 分理解相关的题目材料，对考生的口语能力和临场应变能力较高 。每道题目回答时间不超过一分钟，这要求考生的语言运用要高 度归纳并精练准确。
more complex language structures
and use appropriate vocabulary.
Topic Development(话题展开)--
How fully you answer the question and how coherently you present
2) Listen – speak Task 5 conversation (campus-based) Task 6 lecture (academic)
Time limit
Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6
15’’ 45’’ 45’’ 30’’ 60’’
your ideas.
Good responses generally use all or most of the time allotted, and the
relationship between ideas and the progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.
托福语法2ppt课件
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第二部分 填空题常考结构分析
（2）宾语同位语的两种位置
① 主语+谓语+宾语，+宾语同位语。即，SVO ，n。
位于句尾的孤立名词必是宾语同位语不定式 。
※adv + 同位语 √ 因为同位语前可能省略 了动词。
Ex:……，approximately (which is) the distance from Marathon to Athens。
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第二部分 填空题常考结构分析
Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual travel over land and water on a layer of air.
(A) they
(B) in they
(C) that they
(D) in that they
___，___(注意是一个逗号)
例2:A prolific writer of prose and verse，---of Native Americans in her novel, Century of
what little = the little …… that what few = the few …… that
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第二部分 填空题常考结构分析
例1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on best in its climate and soil.
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第二部分 常考结构分析语法分析
六、in that结构