南方医科大学妇产科学2015年考博真题考博试卷
《妇产科学》考试试题及参考答案大全(一)
《妇产科学》考试试题及参考答案本试卷共3页共4大题，考生在作答前应先检查是否有缺页、白页、以防漏答。
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一、选择题：（共40题，每题1分，共40分）1、引起功能失调性子宫出血的主要原因是：BA．生殖系统有器质性改变B．生殖系统出现内分泌失调C．全身器质性改变D．神经内分泌机理失调E．神经系统调节功能障碍2、下列何种辅助检查可以可以确诊无排卵出血：DA．经前宫颈粘液可见椭圆型细胞B．基础体温双相型C．超声可见子宫内膜线增厚D．经前妇科检查子宫增大变软E．经前诊刮，病理示增生期子宫内膜3、对青春期无排卵型功血治疗，首先止血，接下来：CA．加强营养B．积极输血，纠正贫血C．雌－孕激素序贯疗法D．雄激素治疗E．孕激素调整周期4、原发性闭经，孕激素实验未引起子宫出血，再给雌－孕激素序贯疗法也未引起出血，请指出功能异常的部位在：EA、垂体B、丘脑下部C、肾上腺D、子宫E、卵巢5、导致女性不孕最常见的原因：AA、输卵管炎症B、子宫肌瘤C、子宫内膜异位症D、宫颈息肉E、阴道横膈6、无损伤、简便、经济的预测排卵的方法是：BA、超声B、基础体温测定C、宫颈评分D、内分泌测定E、腹腔镜检查7、女性不孕症检测有无排卵时，下列哪项检查不是必须的：EA．阴道细胞学检查B、宫颈粘液涂片检查C、基础体温测定D、经前诊刮或宫内膜活检E、腹腔镜检查8、宫内节育器避孕原理下列哪项是错误的：DA、通过异物的局部效应发挥作用B、异物刺激子宫内膜产生非细菌性炎症反应C、机械作用，阻止孕卵着床D、通过抑制下丘脑－垂体－卵巢轴起作用E、节育器刺激宫内膜产生前列腺素，影响孕卵着床9、早期宫颈癌的确诊方法是：BA、宫颈刮片细胞学检查B、宫颈及颈管的活体组织检查C、阴道镜检查D、碘试验E、分段诊刮术组织切片检查10、绝经2年，阴道不规则少量出血半月。
检查：阴道不充血，宫颈光滑，宫体稍大，诊刮内膜为豆渣状，可能为：DA、更年期月经不调B、生殖器结核C、粘膜下子宫肌瘤D、子宫内膜癌E、老年性阴道炎11、晚期宫内膜癌患者，为暂时控制病情进展，常选用的措施是：BA、大剂量睾酮类药物治疗B、大剂量孕酮类药物治疗C、化疗D、放疗E、手术行细胞减灭术12、属于卵巢上皮性肿瘤的是：AA、浆液性囊腺瘤B、无性细胞瘤C、内胚窦瘤D、颗粒细胞瘤E、畸胎瘤13、下列那种肿瘤与梅格斯（Meigs）综合征有关：CA、子宫肌瘤B、子宫体癌C、卵巢纤维瘤D、输卵管癌E、库肯勃瘤14、葡萄胎的处理下列哪项错误？DA、一经确诊，应尽快腾空子宫B、进行第二次刮宫C、取近子宫壁刮出物送病理检查D、葡萄胎排出后均应进行预防性化疗E、以上都不对15、切除子宫做病理检查，光镜下见子宫壁深肌层内有大量异型的滋养层细胞浸润，并有绒毛结构，应诊断为：CA、水泡状胎块B、子宫内膜癌C、侵蚀性葡萄胎D、绒毛膜癌E、子宫颈癌16、确诊葡萄胎简便可靠的方法是？CA、停经后阴道流血B、子宫比妊娠月份大C、超声诊断D、妊娠试验E、卵巢黄素囊肿17、子宫内膜异位症的主要临床表现是：CA、下腹部持续隐痛B、子宫明显增大C、继发性和渐进性痛经D、后穹隆触痛宫颈举痛E、低热、消瘦18、子宫内膜异位症大多数位于盆腔内，最常侵犯的部位是：EA、子宫骶骨韧带B、输卵管C、子宫直肠陷凹D、子宫膀胱陷凹E、卵巢19、胎盘早剥是指妊娠多少周以后或分娩期正常位置的胎盘在胎儿娩出前部分或全部从子宫壁剥离。
中国医科大学《妇产科学》15年秋在线答案
一、单选题（共 50 道试题，共 100 分。
）1. 更年期功能性子宫出血的激素变化是：()。
A. LH水平低B. FSH水平低C. FSH及LH均低D. FSH及LH均高E. 孕激素水平高满分：2 分2. 下述不符合III度胎盘早剥的有：()。
A. 宫缩正常B. 产妇面色苍白C. 脉搏细弱D. 阴道出血量少E. 妊娠期高血压疾病病人血压可在正常范围满分：2 分3. 急性盆腔结缔组织炎可导致：()。
A. 急性子宫肌炎B. 急性子宫内膜炎C. 急性输卵管炎D. 急性宫颈炎E. 弥漫性腹膜炎满分：2 分4. 属于雌激素的生理作用的是：()。
A. 降低妊娠子宫对缩宫素的敏感性B. 使子宫内膜增生C. 使宫颈粘液减少，变稠，拉丝度减少D. 使阴道上皮细胞脱落加快E. 通过中枢神经系统产生升温作用满分：2 分5. 有关分娩机制，不正确的是：()。
A. 衔接是指颅骨最低点接近坐骨棘水平B. 正常情况下胎头以面先露入盆C. 下降是连续性贯穿于分娩全过程D. 内旋转动作在第一产程末完成E. 子宫收缩力和腹压两者合力而发生仰伸。
满分：2 分6. 关于急性盆腔炎患者的护理和治疗措施，下列哪项是错误的：()。
A. 协助患者保持会阴清洁，防止感染因素B. 保持休息，补充营养和水分C. 用含抗菌药的溶液作阴道灌洗D. 选用足量、有效的抗生素全身使用E. 如有脓肿形成准备手术治疗满分：2 分7. 卵巢分泌的甾体激素，下列错误是：()。
A. 雌激素B. 孕激素C. 雄激素D. 甾体激素属于类固醇激素E. 甲状腺素满分：2 分8. 心脏病孕妇妊娠期间，最危险的时期是：()。
A. 妊娠34～35周B. 妊娠32～34周C. 妊娠24～27周D. 妊娠28～31周E. 产褥期7天后满分：2 分9. 某初孕妇，28岁，34周妊娠，睡眠中突然出现阴道大量流液，此后起床活动时有持续流液，因胎膜早破收入院。
胎膜早破的确诊方法有：()。
A. 阴道检查B. 肛门检查C. 阴道液PH值不变D. 取阴道后穹隆黏液涂片观察到羊齿状结晶E. B超观察羊水池深度满分：2 分10. 外阴色素减退疾病分为：()。
本科《妇产科学》毕业考试题（A卷）及参考答案解析
本科《妇产科学》毕业考试题（A卷）及参考答案解析……………………………………………………………精品资料推荐…………………………………………………1遵义医学院本科《妇产科学》毕业考试题(A 卷)专业班级学号姓名――――－――――――――――――――――――装订线――――――――――――――――――――－――――――A1型题（1-40）1．切除⼦宫附件时，切断哪根韧带易损伤输尿管( )A．⾻盆漏⽃韧带 B．骶韧带 C．主韧带 D．阔韧带 E．圆韧带2. 妊娠期与泌乳⽆关的激素是( )A. 雌激素B. 孕激素C. 垂体⽣乳素D. 胎盘⽣乳素E. 绒⽑膜促甲状腺激素3.妊娠早期⿊加征是指( )A. ⼦宫增⼤变软B. ⼦宫呈前倾前屈位C. ⼦宫峡部软，宫体和宫颈似不相连D. 宫颈充⾎变软，呈紫蓝⾊E. 乳头及乳晕着⾊加深，乳晕周围有褐⾊⼩结节4.关于⼥性⽣殖器⽣理，下列哪项是正确的( )A. 排卵⼀般发⽣于⽉经周期的第14天B. ⽉经来潮时妇⼥体温可升⾼0.3-0.5℃C. 排卵以后的卵泡叫闭锁卵泡D. 正常⽉经第23天⼦宫内膜为分泌晚期E. ⽉经来潮时⼦宫内膜⾃基底层剥脱5.⽆损伤、简便、经济的预测排卵的⽅法是（）A.超声检查B.基础体温测定C.宫颈黏液评分D.内分泌激素测定E.腹腔镜检查6.新⽣⼉出⽣时，⼼率94次/分，律齐，呼吸浅，不规则，全⾝瘫软，上唇青紫，全⾝⽪肤苍⽩，吸痰时喉部有轻度反射，Apgar评分是( )A. 2分B. 3分C. 4分D. 5分E. 6分7.产后⼦宫复旧机理，下列哪项是正确的( )A. 肌细胞萎缩B. 肌纤维的胞浆减少，细胞缩⼩C. 肌纤维的数⽬减少D. 肌纤维间弹⼒纤维消失E. 肌纤维不再增⽣8.早孕的诊断，下列哪项最为准确( )A. 停经伴恶⼼呕吐B. 阴道充⾎变软，呈紫蓝⾊C. ⼦宫增⼤D. B超证明有胎⼼E. ⾃觉有胎动9.关于流产，下列哪项是错误的( )A. 遗传基因缺陷是导致流产的主要原因B. 稽留流产者易发⽣凝⾎功能障碍C. 感染性流产应先控制感染，再⾏清宫术D. 习惯性流产最好不要再怀孕E. B超对流产类型的鉴别很有帮助2310. ⼥性36岁，患不孕症6年，继发性痛经2年，⽉经失调1年。
南方医科大学考博解剖学真题(带答案)
南方医科大学人体解剖学真题简答题:1、肩关节的构成，结构特点和运动方式由肱骨头与肩胛骨关节盂构成，也称盂肱关节，属球窝关节。
其结构特点是：肱骨头大，关节盂浅而小，关节盂周缘有盂唇来加深关节窝，但仍仅能容纳关节头的1／4－l／3。
关节囊薄而松弛。
关节囊的上壁有喙肱韧带，连于喙突至肱骨大结节之间，囊的前壁和后壁也有许多肌腱加入，以增加关节的稳固性。
囊的下壁相对最为薄弱。
故肩关节脱位时，肱骨头容易发生前下方脱位。
肱二头肌长头腱穿过关节腔。
肩关节为全身运动最灵活的关节，可作屈和伸，收和展，旋内和旋外运动以及环转运动（三轴运动）。
臂外展超过40-60°，继续抬高至180°时，常伴随胸锁、肩锁关节的运动及肩胛骨的旋转运动2、甲状腺手术切口的层次关系问：甲状腺手术入路经过哪些层次?这些层次有哪些形态特点?（复旦）如果甲状腺肿大能影响哪些局部器官? （复旦）经过的层次：皮肤——浅筋膜（含颈阔肌）——封套筋膜——舌骨下肌群（胸骨舌骨肌——胸骨甲状肌）——气管前筋膜——甲状腺真被膜——甲状腺实质。
毗邻：左右两侧叶的后内侧临近喉与气管，咽与食管以及喉返神经，侧叶的后外侧与颈动脉鞘及颈交感干相邻，甲状腺侧叶后面有两对扁圆形的甲状旁腺。
当甲状腺肿大时，如向后压迫，可出现呼吸、吞咽困难和声音嘶哑：如向后外方压迫交感干时．可出现Horner综合征，即瞳孔缩小、眼裂变窄（上睑下垂）及眼球内陷等。
侧叶的后内侧与喉和气管、咽和食管以及喉返神经等相邻；侧叶的后外侧与颈动脉鞘及鞘内的颈总动脉、颈内静脉和迷走神经，以及位于椎前筋膜深面的颈交感干相邻。
3、子宫的形态，分部和固定装置问：子宫的位置，形态，分部，动、静脉来源、淋巴回流？（华西2001）试述子宫的形态、位置、姿势和固定装置。
（华西2002、2003）位置：子宫位于盆腔中部，前为膀胱，后为直肠，两侧有输卵管、卵巢及子宫阔韧带，下接阴道。
成年正常女性子宫为前倾前屈位。
妇产科学试题及参考答案
妇产科学试题及参考答案一、单选题（共100题，每题1分，共100分）1、宫颈糜烂3年，活检为中度不典型增生，应A、激光B、子宫根治术C、宫颈锥切术D、子宫全切E、随访正确答案：C2、下列哪一项结果提示胎儿窘迫A、胎动时伴胎心加速B、胎儿头皮血pH为7.30C、胎心监护出现早期减速D、胎心率90次/minE、胎动15次/12h正确答案：D3、初产妇第二产程延长是指第二产程时间A、超过2小时B、超过3小时C、超过1.5小时D、超过0.5小时E、超过4小时正确答案：A4、孕激素试验阳性说明A、卵巢无激素分泌B、病变在子宫C、丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴之间尚有一定功能D、属第二度闭经E、用孕激素注射后无撤退性出血正确答案：C5、臀位四步触诊检查时，正确的是A、子宫底部可触到圆而软的胎臀B、通过四步触诊法可查清楚胎儿在子宫内的位置C、子宫呈横椭圆形D、胎体纵轴与母体纵轴不一致E、第三步触诊时可及浮球感正确答案：B6、常用妊娠期降压药物，不包括A、氧化亚氮合酶B、中枢性肾上腺素能神经阻滞剂C、肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂D、钙离子通道阻滞剂E、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂正确答案：E7、关于下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的描述，下述哪项不正确A、调节月经周期B、调节卵巢功能C、下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的神经内分泌活动不受大脑高级中枢的影响D、卵巢产生的性激素对下丘脑有正负反馈调节E、卵巢产生的性激素对垂体有正负反馈调节正确答案：C8、原始生殖细胞出现在胚胎的第几周A、4～5周B、3～4周C、12周末D、4～6周末E、8周正确答案：B9、臀位阴道分娩，胎儿脐部娩出后应结束分娩的时间是A、10分钟以内B、9分钟以内C、12分钟以内D、8分钟以内E、15分钟以内正确答案：D10、坏死灶内⻅滋养细胞、⻅块及凝固性坏死组织，未⻅绒⻅結构的是A、侵蚀性葡萄胎B、部分性葡萄胎C、胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤D、完全性葡萄胎E、绒⻅膜癌正确答案：E11、脐带缠绕最常见的胎儿部位是A、下肢B、躯干C、颈部D、手足E、上肢正确答案：C12、羊水过多最常见的病因是A、胎儿畸形B、胎位异常C、妊娠高血压疾病D、母儿血型不合E、FGR正确答案：A13、生殖管道的发生中错误的是A、中肾管发育，则副中肾管退化B、生殖腺形成后决定生殖管道的分化C、睾丸分泌副中肾管抑制因子，抑制两侧副中肾管发育，使生殖管道向男性分化D、中肾管发育为附睾、输精管和精囊E、男性生殖管道来源于中肾管，女性生殖管道来源于副中肾管正确答案：C14、关于风湿性心脏病孕妇的分娩期处理，正确的是A、宫口开全要防止产妇用力屏气B、肌注麦角新硷，预防产后出血C、除有产科指征外，不需做剖宫产术D、无感染征象，不需使用抗生素E、忌用吗啡正确答案：A15、预防早产新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的方法是A、分娩前7日内静脉注射地塞米松10mg，1次/d，连用3次B、分娩前7日内静脉注射地塞米松6mg，1次/12h，共4次C、分娩前7日内静脉注射倍他米松12mg，1次/d，连用3次D、分娩前7日内肌注地塞米松10mg，1次/d，连用3次E、分娩前7日内肌注地塞米松6mg，1次/12h，共4次正确答案：E16、什么时间是雌激素分泌的高峰A、排卵前24小时B、排卵期前24～48小时和黄体中期C、排卵期和黄体末期D、排卵后24小时和黄体中期E、排卵期和黄体中期正确答案：B17、未足月胎膜早破，最常见的并发症是A、内膜炎B、外阴阴道假丝念珠菌病C、脑膜炎D、绒毛膜羊膜炎E、感染性休克正确答案：D18、妊娠时24小时尿蛋白定量，达到或超过下述何项为重度子痫前期A、≥1.0g/24hB、≥5.0g/24hC、≥10g/24hD、≥3.0g/24hE、≥15g/24h正确答案：B19、患者，⻅，35 岁。
2015考博真题
一、单选1×50
上下尖牙区别
monson球面的半径
下颌神经前支中的感觉神经
前牙切割运动的杠杆运动形式
单囊性成釉细胞瘤处理方式
腺淋巴瘤病理特点
舌下腺结构
放射性骨髓炎病理表现
翼下颌间隙内容
下颌运动特点
下颌体骨化中心
颞下颌关节手术时切口方式
牙受垂直向力时牙龈主纤维中不受力的是
（以后想起来再补充）
二、名解2×10
近唇线角
pterygoid process
Terra dentition index
mento-cervical angle
taste threshold
alveolar bone proper
candidiasis
chronic gingivitis
branchial cleft cyst
lymphoepithelial carcinoma
三、简答5×6
解剖
1.根管系统在根部侧面开口的系统名称，并从解剖角度解释牙周病和牙髓病的相互影响。
2.口颌系统肌链的组成与功能？
3.临床上面神经的解剖方法，面神经主干的解剖标志点？
病理
1.口腔黏膜鳞癌有很多亚型，请举3例口腔黏膜鳞癌亚型，并叙述其镜下特点及生物学行为？
2.根据牙骨质组织结构学特性，叙述牙骨质龋特点？
3.肌上皮细胞来源的唾液腺良恶性肿瘤各举两例，及其镜下鉴别要点。
南方医科大学2009-2010学年第二学期
南方医科大学2009-2010学年第二学期第一临床医学院《妇产科学》试卷（A）适用班级: 基础医学2008级，护理学2008级（此试卷必须随答题纸一同上交存档，否则取消成绩）年级：专业：学号：姓名：课程学时数：54 考试日期：2010年06月10日，考试时长：120分钟，组卷人：张春辉一、A1型题 (单句型最佳选择题。
每一道考题下面均有五个备选答案。
在答题时，只需从中选择一个最合适的答案，并在显示器选择相应的答案或在答题卡上相应位置涂黑，以示正确回答。
每题1分，合计30分。
)1.关于妇科双合诊检查，下述哪项是错误的？A.双合诊是盆腔检查最常用的方法。
B.双合诊的目的是为了了解阴道，宫颈，子宫及附件情况。
C.方法是一手入阴道另一手按下腹部，双手配合进行。
D.检查前须排空膀胱。
E.正常情况下通过双合诊检查，每人均可摸到卵巢。
2.取子宫内膜检查以诊断生殖器结核，有关注意事项，哪项是错误的？A.应于经前一周或月经来潮12小时内手术。
B.术前三天及术后，注射链霉素。
C.应注意刮取子宫角部内膜。
D.子宫腔小而坚硬，无组织刮出，可以排除内膜结核。
E.病理切片见典型结核病灶，诊断即可成立。
3.关于胎儿附属物的构成，下列哪项是错误的？A.羊膜为光滑，无血管，无神经的半透明薄膜B.叶状绒毛膜是构成胎盘的主要部分C.胎膜是由羊膜和滑泽绒毛膜组成D.胎盘是由羊膜，叶状绒毛膜和底蜕膜组成E.脐带一端连于胎儿腹壁，另一端附着于胎盘的母体面4.妊娠期发现臀位，何时矫正为宜？A.妊娠24周以前B.妊娠24周至28周C.妊娠28周至32周D.妊娠32周至36周E.妊娠36周以后5.下述哪项非胎盘功能检查？A.尿E3测定B.尿E/C比值C.血清HPL测定D.胎动计数E.B超观察胎盘成熟度6.属于母体组织的是A.绒毛膜B.羊水C.羊膜D.脐带基质E.蜕膜7.哺乳期闭经一年，腹痛，阴道流血，流产一胎儿，身长16公分，请问约为妊娠几个月？A.3个月B.4个月C.5个月D.6个月E.7个月8.关于正常分娩的临床经过，下列哪项是错误的？A.第一产程，初产妇约需12-16小时B.第一产程，经产妇约需6-8小时C.第二产程，初产妇约需1-2小时D.第二产程，经产妇约需1小时以内E.第三产程，初产妇和经产妇均需40分钟左右9.下述径线哪项最大？A.枕额径B.枕下前面径C.枕颏径D.双顶径E.双颞径10. 胎头衔接时其最大部分必须通过A.骶耻内径B.坐骨棘间径C.坐骨结节间径D.髂前上棘间径E.真结合径11. 重度妊高征，用大剂量硫酸镁治疗，最早出现的中毒反应是下列何项？A.呼吸加快B.呼吸减慢C.心率加快D.心率减慢E.膝反射迟钝或消失。
2015年医学博士外语真题试卷
2015年医学博士外语真题试卷(总分：206.00，做题时间：90分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ （分数：10.00）A.How to deal with his sleeping problem.B.The cause of his sleeping problem.C.What follows his insomnia.D.The severity of his medical problem.A.To take the medicine for a longer time.B.To discontinue the medication.C.To come to see her again.D.To switch to other medications.A.To take it easy and continue to work.B.To take a sick leave.C.To keep away from work.D.To have a follow-up.A.Fullness in the stomach.B.Occasional stomachache.C.Stomach distention.D.Frequent belches.A.Extremely severe.B.Not very severe.C.More severe than expected.D.It's hard to say.（分数：10.00）A.He has lost some weight.B.He has gained a lot.C.He needs to exercise more.D.He is still overweight.A.She is giving the man an injection.B.She is listening to the man's heart.C.She is feeling the man's pulse.D.She is helping the man stop shivering.A.In the gym.B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In the boat.A.Diarrhea.B.Vomiting.C.Nausea.D.A cold.A.She has developed allergies.B.She doesn't know what allergies are.C.She doesn't have any allergies.D.She has allergies treated already.（分数：10.00）A.Listen to music.B.Read magazines.C.Go play tennis.D.Stay in the house.A.She isn't feeling well.B.She is under pressure.C.She doesn't like the weather.D.She is feeling relieved.A.Michael's wife was ill.B.Michael's daughter was ill.C.Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D.Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.A.She is absent-minded.B.She is in high spirits.C.She is indifferent.D.She is compassionate.A.Ten years ago.B.Five years ago.C.Fifteen years ago.D.Several weeks ago.2.Section B（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ （分数：10.00）A.A blood test.B.A gastroscopy.C.A chest X-ray exam.D.A barium X-ray test.A.To lose some weight.B.To take a few more tests.C.To sleep on three pillows.D.To eat smaller, lighter meals.A.Potato chips.B.Chicken.C.Cereal.D.Fish.A.Ulcer.B.Cancer.C.Depression.D.Hernia.A.He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B.He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C.He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D.He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.（分数：10.00）A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.C.Because it is usually in injection form.D.Because it is not stable above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced naturally.A.It is stable at room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream.C.It delivers glucose from blood to the cells.D.It is more chemically complex.A.Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.B.How important it is to understand the chemical bonds of insulin.C.Why people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes don't produce enough insulin.D.What shape insulin takes when it unlocks the cells to take sugar from blood.（分数：10.00）A.Vegetative patients are more aware.B.Vegetative patients retain some control of their eye movements.C.EEG scans may help us communicate with the vegetative patients.D.We usually communicate with the brain-dead people by brain-wave.A.The left-hand side of the brain.B.The right-hand side of the brain.C.The central part of the brain.D.The front part of the brain.A.31.B.6.C.4.D.1A.The patient was brain-dead.B.The patient wasn't brain-dead.C.The patient had some control over his eye movements.D.The patient knew the movement he or she was making.A.The patient is no technically vegetative.B.The patient can communicate in some way.C.We can train the patient to speak.D.The family members and doctors can provide better care.3.Section A（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________4.Despite his doctor's note of caution, he never______from drinking and smoking.（分数：2.00）A.retainedB.dissuadedC.alleviatedD.abstained5.People with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likelyto______their hearing.（分数：2.00）A.rehabilitateB.jeopardizeC.tranquilizeD.supplement6.Impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to______Larry in any way in his success.（分数：2.00）A.refuteB.ratifyC.facilitateD.impede7.When the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their plan______.（分数：2.00）A.accordinglyB.alternativelyC.considerablyD.relatively8.It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can______future adults with appreciation of music.（分数：2.00）A.acquaintB.familiarizeC.endowD.amuse9.If the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should be subsided when energy prices______. （分数：2.00）A.level outB.stand oute offD.wear off10.Heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate______from qualified medical personnel.（分数：2.00）A.prescriptionB.palpationC.interventionD.interposition11.Asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma, asbestosis and internal organ cancers, and______of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.（分数：2.00）A.offsetB.intakeC.outletD.onset12.Ebola, which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine, ______and semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.（分数：2.00）A.salineB.salivaC.scabiesD.scrabs13.The newly designed system is______to genetic transfections, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.（分数：2.00）parableB.transmissibleC.translatableD.amenable14.Section B（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________15.Every year more than 1, 000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.（分数：2.00）A.propellingB.prolongingC.puzzlingD.promising16.Improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS. （分数：2.00）A.disgraceB.discriminationC.harassmentD.segregation17.Surviviors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude .（分数：2.00）A.depletionB.dehydrationC.exhaustionD.handicap18.Scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.（分数：2.00）A.negativeB.confusingC.eloquentD.indistinct19.Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from long-term goals.（分数：2.00）A.anticipateB.clarifyC.examineD.verify20.His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.（分数：2.00）A.challengingB.solemnC.hostileD.demanding21.The discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.（分数：2.00）A.erasedB.triggeredC.shadowedD.suspended22.Faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger, so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench it.（分数：2.00）B.eliminateC.assimilateD.puncture23.Some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.（分数：2.00）A.unpredictableB.unconventionalC.unparalleledD.unexpected24.A veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating touchy situation.（分数：2.00）A.estimatingB.handlingC.rectifyingD.anticipating五、PartⅢ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases,【C1】______a new case report published in PNAS this week. According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth,【C2】______tumors were discovered in her daughter's cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby's cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother. But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father,【C3】______would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cells made it into the unborn child's body across the placental barrier. The Guardian claimed this to be the first【C4】______case of cells crossing the placental barrier. But this is not the case — microchimerism,【C5】______cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common, with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 per cent of cases and to go the other way about half【C6】______. As the BBC pointed out, the greater【C7】______in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer, in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells, which led to the【C8】______of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched. 【C9】______, according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of "cancer danger". Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined【C10】______of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby's immune system is extremely low.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.suggestsB.suggestingC.having suggestedD.suggested(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.althoughC.whereasD.when(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.whomD.as(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.predictedB.notoriousC.provenD.detailed(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.whereB.whenC.ifD.whatever(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.as manyB.as muchC.as wellD.as often(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.threatB.puzzleC.obstacleD.dilemma(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.detectionB.deletionC.amplificationD.addition(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.NeverthelessD.Conclusively(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.likelihoodB.functionC.influenceD.flexibility六、PartⅣ Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)The American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half. First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the more cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long tail of cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group. Pfizer announced that one such drug it's pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug in initial tests, and nine out often is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing drugs toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent? Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In atest of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say, a 100 percent response to a cancer drug (or in this case a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never would've been tried if two competing companies hadn't sat down and put their heads together. Are there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by walls of competitive interest and proprietary information? Who's to say, but it seems like with the vast amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, the odds are pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncology's favorite four-letter word: cure.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）petition and CooperationB.Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC.The Promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD.Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug(2).In cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals now______.（分数：2.00）A.are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB.are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC.are investing the lion's shares of their moneyD.care only about their profits(3).From the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer that______.（分数：2.00）A.the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB.it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC.other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD.the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy(4).From the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer to the question______.（分数：2.00）A.is nowhere to be foundB.can drive one crazyC.can be multipleD.is conditional(5).The tone of the author of this passage seems to be______.（分数：2.00）A.neutralB.criticalC.negativeD.optimisticLiver disease is the 12th -leading cause of death in the U. S. , chiefly because once it's determined that a patient needs a new liver it's very difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, there's no guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-grown livers into rats. The livers aren't grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructure of a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically. With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold (支架) with liver cells isolated from healthy livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days. The team also transplanted some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rats' vascular systems. However, the current method isn't perfect and cannot seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can't keep functioning for more than about 24 hours (hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat transplant). But the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic, but if nothing goes horribly wrong — and especially if stem-cell research establishes a reliable way to create healthy liver cells from the very patients who need transplants — lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intended to______.（分数：2.00）A.investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the labB.explore the unknown functions of the human liverC.reduce the incidence of liver disease in the U. S.D.address the source of liver transplants(2).What does the author mean when he says that the livers aren't grown from scratch?（分数：2.00）A.The making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture.B.A huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab.C.The building of the infrastructure of a donor liver.D.Growing liver cells in the donor organ.(3).The biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab until______.（分数：2.00）A.duplicated syntheticallyB.isolated from the healthy liverC.repopulated with the healthy cellsD.the addition of some man-made blood vessels(4).What seems to be the problem in the planted liver?（分数：2.00）A.The rats as wrong recipients.B.The time point of the transplantation.C.The short period of the recellularization.D.The insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels.(5).The research team holds high hopes of______.（分数：2.00）A.creating lab-generated livers for patients within two yearsB.the timetable for generating human livers in the labC.stem-cell research as the future of medicineD.building a fully functioning liver into ratsPatients whose eyes have suffered heat or chemical burns typically experience severe damage to the cornea—the thin, transparent front of the eye that refracts light and contributes most of the eye's focusing ability. In a long-term study, Italian researchers use stem cells taken from the limbus, the border between the cornea and the white of the eye, to cultivate a graft of healthy cells in a lab to help restore vision in eyes. During the 10-years study, the researchers implanted the healthy stem cells into the damaged cornea in 113 eyes of 112 patients. The treatment was fully successful in more than 75 percent of the patients, and partially successful in 13 percent. Moreover, the restored vision remained stable over 10 years. Success was defined as an absence of all symptoms and permanent restoration of the cornea. Treatment outcome was initially assessed at one year, with up to 10 years of follow-up evaluations. The procedure was even successful in several patients whose burn injuries had occurred years earlier and who had already undergone surgery. Current treatment for burned eyes involves taking stem cells from a patient's healthy eye, or from the eyes of another person, and transferring them to the burned eye. The new procedure, however, stimulates the limbal stem cells from the patient's own eye to reproduce in a lab culture. Several types of treatments using stem cells have proven successful in restoring vision, but the long-term effectiveness shown here is significant. The treatment is only for blindness caused by damage to the cornea; it is not effective for repairing damaged retinas or optic nerves. Chemical eye burns often occur in the workplace, but can also happen due to mishaps involving household cleaning products and automobile batteries. The results of the study, based at Italy's University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, were published in the June 23 online issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Stem cells can help restore vision in the eyes blinded by burns.B.The vision in the eyes blinded by burns for 10 years can be restored.C.The restored vision of the burned eyes treated with stem cells can last for 10 years.D.The burned eyes can only be treated with stem cells from other healthy persons.(2).The Italian technique reported in this passage______.（分数：2.00）A.can repair damaged retinasB.is able to treat damaged optic nervesC.is especially effective for burn injuries in the eyes already treated surgicallyD.shows a long-term effectiveness for blindness in vision caused by damage to cornea(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned about eye burns?（分数：2.00）A.The places in which people work.B.The accidents that involve using household cleaning products.C.The mishaps that involve vehicles batteries.D.The disasters caused by battery explosion at home.(4).What is one of the requirements for the current approach?（分数：2.00）A.The stem cells taken from a healthy eye.B.The patient physically healthy.C.The damaged eye with partial vision.D.The blindness due to damaged optic nerves.(5).Which of the following words can best describe the author's attitude towards the new method?（分数：2.00）A.Sarcastic.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Positive.Here is a shaming statistic: divide the US by race, sex and county of residence, and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged look like denizens of a poor African country: a boy born on a Native American reservation in Jackson County, South Dakota, for example, will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday. A typical child in Senegal can expect to live longer than that. America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations, health inequalities based on race, sex and class exist in most societies—and are only partly explained by access to healthcare. But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail (开创), after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city's black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity, so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively. We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder, thanks to pioneering studies of British civil servants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London. What's exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation. Encouraged by the US National Institutes of Health, similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health in populations ranging from urban black men to white poor women in rural Appalachia. To realize the full potential of such projects, biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a "soft science" with little that's serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle—fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics, or crude race-based medicine. It's time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society's most deprived members. More important, it's time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications, not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites, rich and poor.（分数：10.00）(1).As shown in the 1st paragraph, the shaming statistic reflects______.（分数：2.00）A.injustice everywhereB.racial discriminationC.a growing life spanD.health inequalities(2).Which of the following can have a negative impact on health according to the Chicago-based project?（分数：2.00）A.Where to live.B.Which race to belong to.C.How to adjust environmentally.D.What medical problem to suffer.(3).The Chicago-based project focuses its management on______.（分数：2.00）A.a particular medical problem and its related social issueB.racial discrimination and its related social problemsC.the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD.a specific disease and its medical treatment(4).Which of the following can most probably be neglected by sociologists?（分数：2.00）A.The racial perspective.B.The environmental aspect.C.The biological dimension.D.The psychological angel.(5).The author is a big fan of______.（分数：2.00）A.the combination of a traditional and new way of thinking in promoting healthB.the integration of biologists and sociologists to reduce health inequalitiesC.the mutual understanding and respect between racesD.public education and health promotionAmerican researchers are working on three antibodies that many mark a new step on the path toward an HIV vaccine, according to a report published online Thursday, July 8, 2010, in the journal Science. One of the antibodies suppresses 91 percent of HIV strains, more than any AIDS antibody ever discovered, according to a report on the findings published in the Wall Street Journal. The antibodies were discovered in the cells of a 60-year-old African-American gay man whose body produced them naturally. One antibody in particular is substantially different from its precursors, the Science study says. The antibodies could be tried as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the WSJ reports. At the very least, they might boost the efficacy of current antiretroviral drugs. It is welcome news for the 33 million people the United Nations estimated were living with AIDS at the end of 2008. The WSJ outlines the painstaking method the team used to find the antibody amid the cells of the African-American man, known as Donor 45. First they designed a probe that looks just like a spot on a particular molecule on the cells that HIV infects. They used the probe to attract only the antibodies that efficiently attack that spot. They screened 25 million of Donor 45's cell to find just 12 cells that produced the antibodies. Scientists have already discovered plenty of antibodies that either don't work at all or only work on a couple of HIV strains. Last year marked the first time that researchers found "broadly neutralizing antibodies, " which knock out many HIV strains. But none of those antibodies neutralized more than about 40 percent of them, the WSJ says. The newest antibody, at 91 percent neutralization, is a marked improvement. Still, more work needs to be done to ensure the antibodies would activate the immune system to produce natural defenses against AIDS, the study authors say. They suggest three test methods that blend the three new antibodies together in raw form to prevent transmission of the virus, such as from mother to child; in a microbicide gel that women or gay men could use before sex to prevent infection; or as a treatment for HIV/AIDS, combined with antiretroviral drug. If the scientists can find the right way to stimulate production of the antibodies, they think most people could produce then, the WSJ says.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the beginning of the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.a newly discovered antibody defeats 91 % of the HIV strainsB.a new antiretroviral drug has just come on the marketC.American researchers have developed a new vaccine for HIVD.the African-American gay man was cured of his HIV infection(2).What is the implication of the antibodies discovered in the cells of the African-American gay man?（分数：2.00）A.They can cure the 33 million AIDS patients in the world.B.They may strengthen the effects of the existing antiretroviral drugs.C.They will kill all the HIV viruses.D.They will help make a quick diagnosis of an HIV infection.(3).The newest antibody found in Donor 45 reflects a dramatic advance in terms of______.（分数：2.00）A.pathologyB.pharmacologyC.HIV neutralizationD.HIV epidemiology(4).According to the study authors, the three test methods are intended to______.（分数：2.00）。
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医学考博真题试卷
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南方医科大学
2015 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：妇产科学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、简答题（8 选 5，40 分） 1.产后大出血失血性休克的处理原则。 2.未足月胎膜早破期待疗法的处理原则。 3.孕晚期胎儿宫内状态监护的常用方法。 4.浅谈腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术中碎瘤器应用的利弊。 5.为什么宫颈癌 FIGO 分期仍采用临床分期？如何该进和修正。 6.简述不孕症筛查的临床路径 7.简述 2014 年新产程标准和处理。 8.比较口服促排卵药克罗米芬和来曲唑的特点。 二、问答题（5 选 3，60 分） 1.早期及中期唐氏综合症筛查项目及意义。 2.早产宫缩抑制药物及作用机理。 3.子宫内膜异位症治疗药物及作用机理。 4.子宫切除术的途径有哪几种？您认为哪种更适合中国国情。 5.反复种植失败的原因和处理原则。
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