考研英语语法
考研英语语法————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:ﻩﻩ考研英语语法非限定动词(3)动词最重要简单句(5种基本句型)限定动词并列句名词性从句(4)ﻩ长难句分析复合句定语从句(5)状语从句(6)时态(1)被动(2)It(7):做先行代词的用法在强调结构中的用法倒装(8):if在虚拟结构中的条件从句Only或否定词提前As或however在前的让步状语从句比较级句子:跟句子、短语等"---"(9)在句中的意义:解释说明和插入(不影响句子本身结构)带"-"的形容词(10)五种基本句型:最基本的,有助于分析句子结构,理解长难句。
1、动词时态:在英语中,不同时间一不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示。
在时间上分为四大类---现在时、过去时、将来时和过去将来时;在行为上又分为四种---一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。
考研中常用到的有一定难度的:过去进行时、过去将来时(would 表过去习惯动作)、现在完成时、现在完成进行时等。
现在完成时(表示动作或状况发生在现在以前的某个未经明确指出的过去时间内,目前已经完成或结束,给现在造成了影响;或者这个动作至今还未完成,可能继续下去也可能停止)Hebelieves that this very difficulty may havehad the compensating advantage of forcinghim tothinklongand intently about everysentence,andthus enabling him todetect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.(08)现在完成进行时(表示由过去某时开始或发生至今仍将继续进行或刚刚结束的动作;重复发生的动作)We are thus led todistinguish,withinthebroad educational processwhichwe ha ve been sofarconsidering, a more formal kindofeducation.(09)2、被动语态:当主语是动作的承受者时,动词要用被动语态,只有及物动词才有被动语态;由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成,它的时态由be动词的变化体现。
考研中常用的被动语态与时态的结合:一般现在时、现在完成时、一般过去时一般现在时:Untiltheseissuesare resolved, a technologyof behavior will continue tobe rejected, andwith it possibly the onlyway to solve our problems.(02)一般过去时:The oil pricewas givenanotherpush up thisweekwhen Iraq suspendedoil exports.(02)现在完成时:Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions asthespecial prese rveoflawyers, rather than a necessary part of theintellectual equipment of an educated person.(07)3、非限定动词(不能单独做谓语,没有性数变化,不包括在句子的主干中)包括动词不定式、分词(-ed -ing)、动名词1、动词不定式:由(not)+to+动词原形构成,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语或状语做主语和宾语:To take thisapproach to theNew Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjectsthat we may not neglect.(09)做表语:The definingterm of intelligencein humans still seems tobe the IQscore,even thou gh IQ testsare not given as oftenas they usedto be.(07)做宾补:If youthen examinedthe Europeannational youthteams that feed the World Cupandprofessionalranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be evermorepronounced.(07)做状语:Totake advantage ofthis tool,some impoverished countries will have to get overthei routdated anti-colonialprejudices with respect to foreigninvestment.(01)2、分词:它兼有动词、形容词、和副词的特征;有两种形式,-ed被动完成,-ing主动进行;在句中担任定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。
现在分词和过去分词的区别:a moving filmsurprising The play wasboring.a moved audience surprisedﻩI left because Iwas bored. 做定语:A team of researchers working together in thelaboratory would submit the results of their resear ch to a journal.(08)Not choice,but habit rulesthe unreflecting herd.(09)Specialisationwas only one of a series of related developments inscienceaffecting the processof communication.(01)做状语:(-ing与主句主语是主动关系;-ed与主句主语被动关系)Wereach for them mindlessly,settingour brains on auto-pilot andrelaxing intotheunconscious comfort offamiliarroutine.(09)Askedif she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccinescome from animalresearch.(03)状语(while或when)while examining housing construction, the researchersdiscovered that illiterate, n on-English-speaking Mexican workers inHouston,Texas,consistentlymet best-practicelabor productivity standardsdespitethecomplexity of the building industry’swork。
(09)独立结构:Notlongago, with the countryenteringarecessing and Japanat itspre-bubble peak. The U.S.workforcewas derided as poorly educated and one of primary causeofthe poor U.S.economic performance.(09)3、动名词:兼有名词和动词的特征,可在句中做主语、表语、宾语等Finding promising openingscan be time-consuming andinefficient.(04)4、名词性从句:在句中起名次作用的从句,包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
(连接词that, whether...or, if在从句中不做任何成分Who,whom, whose,which, what,whatever, whoever 在句中充当语法成分When,where, why,how 在从句中做状语成分)主语从句:Thatthe seas are being overfishedhas beenknown for years.(06)表语从句:One difficulty is that almostall of what is calledbehavioral science continues totrace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character,human nature, andso on.(02)宾语从句:NancyDubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principlewill shield doctors.(02)On thecontrary, constraints on improving productivityexplainwhy education isn’t develo pingmorequicklythere than itis.(09)同位语从句:A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreamswerethedisguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears.(05)5、定语从句:在句中起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词,或修饰整个主句的从句。
先行词和关系词。
关系词既起着联系从句和主句的作用,又代替先行词在从句中担当有语法成分。
(that, which,who,whom, whose; when,where, why)关系代词:It's aninteractive feature that letsvisitorskeyin job criteria such aslocation, title,andsalary,then E-mailsthem whena matchingposition is postedin thedatabase.(04)(作主语)Scientists need to respond forcefully toanimal rights advocates, whose argumentsare confusing the publicand thereby threateningadvances inhealth knowledge and care.(03)Allof uswork through problems in ways of which we’re unaware.(09)(加介词)There are evensupportgroups forthose whowantto achieve the mid-’90s equivalent ofdropping out.(01)Hereis an example, which I heard at anurses’ convention, of a story, which works well becausethe audienceallshared the same view of doctors.(02)(非限制性)关系副词:In dreams,a window opens into a world wherelogicis suspended and deadpeoplespeak。
考研英语语法基础讲义
考研英语语法基础讲义一、简单句和并列句1. 简单句的五种形式:(1)主语+谓语(不及物动词);(2)主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语;(3)主语+谓语+宾语+补语;(4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;(5)主语+系动词+表语。
两类系动词:①be动词;②一些实义动词用作系动词:feel, taste, smell等;2. 并列句:一个句子当中包含两个或更多互不相依存的主谓结构,中间用一些连接词连接起来的句子。
并列句不能只用逗号隔开,而要用连接词连接。
连接词:(1)并列关系句型:连接词有and, as well as, either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…eg: Last year I met Kate and we became friends.Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it.(2)转折概念并列句型:转折词有buteg: It has no mouth, but it can talk.(3)对比关系的并列句型:eg: He liked sports, while I would rather collect stamps.练习:2009年6月阅读Cerling‘s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences.(简单句)Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes. (并列句)简单句和并列句是复合句的基础。
二、句子成分句子六大成分:主谓宾、定状表。
主语、宾语和表语:通常由代词或者名词构成,定语:修饰名词;状语:修饰形容词或者动词;表语:接在系动词后面;(一).代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。
考研英语常用语法(精华版)
考研英语十二大基础语法体系学地道的英语的两个重要方法:parallel writing, and reverse translation,即平行写作和逆翻译。
所谓平行写作,就是模仿英语的句子写类似的句子。
而逆翻译就是先把英语译成汉语,或根据汉语的译文,再把汉语翻译成英语,再把英语译文同原文比较,分析差异。
这两种方法能避免汉语式英语。
二、被动语态在英语中,语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系。
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态(active voice) 表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:More and more people use computers now.(主动语态)Computers are more and more widely used now.(被动语态)English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)(二)英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了,用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示,如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到凌辱”等。
而英语表达被动的方式也不复杂,用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。
其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的变化,而这正是英语被动语态的难点。
(三)被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词,因为不及物动词不能带宾语,也就不可能有被动语态。
英语主动语态有16个时态;被动语态(四)被动语态的用法1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。
换个说法,有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的,这时就用被动语态。
例如:I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面试的时候,有点紧张。
These fighters are imported from Russia. 这些战斗机是从俄国进口的。
考研英语语法总结经典版
考研英语语法总结经典版一、句子成分1.主语:句子中起名词或代词作用,通常位于句子的开头。
例:Tom likes to play basketball.(主语是Tom)2.谓语:句子中表示动作、状态或存在的部分,通常位于主语之后。
例:She is reading a book.(谓语是is reading)3.宾语:句子中接在动词后面的成分,回答“谁”或“什么”。
例:He bought a new car.(宾语是a new car)4.表语:句子中用来描述主语的成分,通常是形容词、名词或介词短语。
例:The weather is sunny.(表语是sunny)5.定语:句子中用来修饰名词或代词的成分,通常是形容词、数字、名词短语等。
例:The old man lives in the small house.(定语是the small house)6.状语:句子中用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分,通常是副词或介词短语。
例:She works hard.(状语是hard)7.同位语:句子中用来解释、说明或补充前面名词或代词的成分。
例:My best friend, Alice, is a doctor.(同位语是Alice)二、时态和语态1.时态:表示动作发生的时间或状态的时间。
-现在时:表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。
例:I am reading a book.-过去时:表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例:He bought a new car.-将来时:表示将来要发生的动作或状态。
例:I will go to the beach tomorrow.-过去完成时:表示过去一些时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。
例:She had finished her homework before dinner.2.语态:表示动作的主体和受体。
-主动语态:表示主语执行动作或状态。
例:He cleans the room every day.-被动语态:表示主语承受动作或状态。
考研英语语法
(一)情态动词一.情态动词的现在完成式的用法情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能:表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。
在这两个方面must/mustn’t,;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;ougtht等情态动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的1.表示已经发生的情况。
1)must have+过去分词,表示对已发生情况的肯定推测,译为“(昨天)一定……”。
如:My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be (答案为C)2)can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词,表示对已发生情况的否定推测,译为“(昨天)一定没……”。
如:Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.[A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received(答案为A)3)may / might have +过去分词,表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为“也许……”。
如:At Florida Power’s Crystal Ri ver plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.2.表示虚拟语气。
考研英语基础语法汇总
考研英语基础语法汇总一、非谓语动词( V+ing, V+ed)1, 动名词(1)作主语和宾语Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。
(2)作介词宾语We get pleasure from loving and being loved.我们从爱别人和被别人爱中得到快乐。
2,分词作定语(1)前置The beginning student should be given more encouragement.初学者应多给予鼓励。
A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.均衡的食物使你的身体获得营养。
(2)后置Those living on a mountain live off the mountain.靠山吃山Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizen.小时候受过良好教育的儿童长大会成为好公民。
3,分词作状语Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.听到这个消息,他们立即出发到上海去了。
Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.从这个塔上远眺,紫金山南麓是树的海洋。
Printed white, the house looks bigger.漆成白色后,这房子像是更大了。
Having written an important letter, I litsened to the music for a while.写完一封重要的信之后,我听了一会儿音乐。
Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.持极端观点的人认为,人与动物在各相关方面都不相同,所以对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
考研英语中的语法重点整理
考研英语中的语法重点整理一、动词时态与语态在考研英语中,动词时态与语态是语法考点中的重点内容。
掌握好动词时态和语态的使用规则,能够帮助我们准确地表达过去、现在和将来的事情,同时也能分辨出被动语态和主动语态的区别。
1. 动词时态- 一般现在时:用于陈述经常性、习惯性或普遍性的事实。
- I often go to the gym.- 一般过去时:用于陈述过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
- She studied in London last year.- 现在进行时:用于表示目前正在进行的动作。
- They are watching a movie right now.- 过去进行时:用于表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
- I was reading a book when she called.- 现在完成时:用于表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
- We have finished our homework.- 过去完成时:用于表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。
- She had already left when I arrived.2. 语态- 被动语态:指动作的承受者放在句子的主语位置,强调动作或状态的受事。
- The novel was written by a famous author.- 主动语态:指动作的执行者放在句子的主语位置,强调动作的执行者。
- The author wrote a novel.二、句子结构与语法填空句子结构与语法填空是考研英语中的另一个重要考点。
在这部分,我们要学习句子的基本结构以及如何进行语法填空。
1. 句子结构- 主谓结构:由主语和谓语构成的简单句结构。
- She works as a teacher.- 主谓宾结构:由主语、谓语和宾语构成的简单句结构。
- He bought a new car.- 主谓宾补结构:由主语、谓语、宾语和宾补构成的简单句结构。
考研英语必考九大语法知识点
语法是考研英语的基础,任何⼀种题型中都贯穿很多的语法知识,如果语法知识⽋缺,其它的综合能⼒提⾼起来将会很慢,所以所有复习考研的学⽣都要重视语法知识。
下⾯跨考教育英语教研室杨⽼师根据多年的辅导经验,为同学们总结了考研英语常考的九⼤语法考点:
第⼀点:虚拟语⽓.
第⼆点:动词的时态.
第三点:动词的⾮谓语形式.
第四点:倒装,倒装在翻译⾥⾯考的多,⼀般⼀个英⽂的句序加⼊它是倒装的,你必须把它译成主动的,否则的话扣0.5分。
第五点:强调,强调在哪⼉考的多啊,在阅读理解⾥⾯,你⼀旦发现有强调的句式你就把后⾯的东西圈起来,都是出题的陷阱。
第六点:主谓⼀致,主谓⼀致在完型天空中考的最多.
第七点:省略,省略在翻译⾥⾯考的最多,因为⼀个句⼦,它把它省略出来了,那么你在翻译的时候要把被省略的内容翻译出来,否则扣1分,记住了,这就是规则。
第⼋点:从句,包括定语从句,状语从句,都在内。
第九点:THERE BE 句型,简单。
这九点是考研英语必考的9个语法点。
考研英语语法(从句)详细解析总结(含例句)
考研英语语法(从句)详细解析总结(含例句)(一)英语从句的原理1.我们已经学习过句子的成分【参考句子成分讲义】当一个完整的句子A成为另一个句子B的某一成分时,A就变成了从句●eg. I know that you are hard-working!我知道你们很努力●完整的句子A { you are hard-working } 就叫做从句,在主句 B [I know A]中作宾语➡️A随从/服从B2.英语的三种句子●简单句:不能再拆分的句子【参考简单句讲义】●复杂句:也叫做并列句,两个句子不分主次,仅仅逻辑关系词连接and、but、however,,,●eg. I like apples,and he likes bananas. = He likes bananas,and I like apples.●复合句:主从复合句,主句 + 从句,两个句子有主次关系(二)英语从句的分类所以有哪些句子成分就会有哪些从句类型:除了英语的核心动词之外,其他所有句子成分都可以有从句1.①形容词从句 = 定语从句 = 关系从句➡️英语从句中最重要的;内容最多的;最难的一类从句●概念●对某个人或者事物进行描述,具有形容词性质➡️形容词性从句●在句子中充当定语这个成分,起修饰作用➡️定语从句●构成往往需要关系词来引导➡️关系从句●形容词从句的思维方式●中文思维:形容词都放在被修饰词之前,即形容词/句子 + 的eg. 好吃的苹果;努力学习的他们●英语思维●单个词修饰时,也放在被修饰词之前eg. a tasty apple●用一句话来修饰时,就需要在被修饰词后面 + 一个与它有关系的词 + 另一个句子,即先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句●思维对比:这也是我们在翻译时不能逐字逐句顺序进行的原因,定语从句就需要逆序先翻译●中文:兔子在吃一根我买来的胡萝卜【前置】●英语:兔子在吃一根胡萝卜(胡萝卜的关系词)我买的【后置】The rabbit is eating a carrot that I bought.●形容词从句的构成:关系词(引导定语从句)●关系代词:引导词起指代、替代的作用●方法:陈述句语序中,被修饰词更换为关系代词➡️把关系代词放到开头,就变成了从句●that(那):The rabbit is eating a carrot that I bought.I bought that →that I bought●who(主语):The student who is reading is my friend.who is reading →who is reading●whom(宾语):The student whom I taught is my friend.I taught whom →whom I taught●whose(ta的):The student whose bag is pink is my friend.whose bag is pink →whose bag is pink●which(那个):The student which is reading/I taught is my friend.which is reading/I taught which →which is reading/I taught●that & which:指代人或物(主语宾语都可以),经常可以互换●先行词唯一:that●eg. The rabbit ate the biggest carrot that I 've ever seen. 兔子吃了我见过最大的胡萝卜●the biggest已经限定了先行词是唯一的,所以只能用that●先行词多选一:which●eg. The rabbit is eating a carrot that/which I bought.●我买了很多根胡萝卜,兔子吃的只是其中随便一根●关系副词:引导词的词性是副词关系副词 = 介词 + 关系代词●where(地点):This is the place where I study.●why(原因):This is the reasin why I study.●when(时间):That was the day when I met him.●形容词从句的限定性和非限定性●通过前面的学习,大家已经明白了定语从句的主要功能就是修饰限定范围,所以限定性和非限定性的区别即:是否限定了先行词的范围/性质●限定性定语从句●上述例句均为限定性定语从句:全部都限制了先行词的范围●非限定性定语从句:通常有逗号隔开,作插入语补充信息●eg. I read the book,which is on the desk. 我读了本书,那本书在桌子上(有种接着说,补充说明的意思)●eg. My head,which is big,is useful when it rains. 我有大头下雨不愁(作插入语补充信息,即使删去也不影响原句子完整)●eg. Rabbits eat carrots, which is not surprising. 兔子吃胡萝卜,这事不稀奇(甚至可以指代一个完整的句子进行修饰)2.②名词从句●引导词:相当于一个信号告诉你“那么接下来从句要开始咯!”注意:引导词在从句开头;从句是陈述句语序●that:确定信息●whether;where;when;how;who;what:不确定信息●主语从句:将句子中的主语变成从句的形式●正常语序:主语放在句子最开头●eg. That rabbits eat carrots is obvious.●eg. Whether rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 是否吃●eg. Where rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 在哪吃●eg. When rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 什么时候吃●eg. Who eats carrots is obvious. 谁吃●eg. What rabbits eat is obvious. 吃什么●eg. How rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 怎么吃●形式主语:it指代主语从句,it本身没有什么意义【翻译时,可以拆成两句或是倒序先翻译主语从句】英语句子的主语从句过长就会头重脚轻,所以会改个形式说出来●eg. It is obvious that rabbits eat carrots. 很明显,兔子吃胡萝卜/兔子吃胡萝卜这事儿很明显●eg. It is obvious whether rabbits eat carrots.●可自行练习改写上述例句●表语从句:将句子的表语变成从句的形式●eg. The reason is that you need to study.●eg. It feels that you like me.●同位语从句:将句子的同位语变成从句的形式●一般修饰抽象名词:the fact;the idea...●eg. The question that/whether rabbits eat carrots is interesting.●宾语从句:从句作句子的宾语●确定信息&不确定信息●eg. I know that rabbits eat carrots.●eg. I know whether/where/... rabbits eat carrots.●宾语从句引导词that往往可以省略,注意判断●eg. I know rabbits eat carrots.●宾语从句的否定●在谓语动词前否定,而非在从句中,否则会有句意的改变●eg. I don't know rabbits eat carrots.●eg. I don't think rabbits eat carrots.●eg. I don't believe rabbits eat carrots.●主从时态一致,但从句描述客观规律例外●eg. I knew you gratuated last year.●eg. I knew the sun rises in the east.●宾补从句:从句作句子的宾语补足语●使用较少●eg. You can call me whatever you like. 你随便怎么称呼我都可以●eg. My parents made me who I am.3.③副词从句 = 状语从句英语从句中种类最多的➡️因为补充说明的可能性最多●概念●在句中起到副词的作用,一般补充说明动词、形容词、副词等➡️副词从句●句子成分上说,充当了句子的状语➡️状语从句●时间状语从句●在某一时间点之前:before●eg. I cleaned the room before you came.●= Before you came, I cleaned the room.●在某一时间点之中●when:强调在某个时间点●eg. I was watching TV when my mom came home. 当我妈妈回家时,我正在看电视●= When my mom came home,I was watching TV.●while:强调在一个时间段内●eg. I was watching TV while my mom was cooking. 我妈妈做饭时,我在看电视●= While my mom was cooking,I was watching TV.●as:强调同时进行的两个动作●eg. My mom cooked as she watched TV. 我妈妈一边做饭一边看电视●= As my mom watched TV,she cooked.●在某一时间点之后:after●eg. I go to school after I get up.●= After I get up,I go to school.●从之前某一时间点开始算起的一个时间段,往往暗示了对之后有影响(完成时态)since●eg. I have read two books since my mom came home. 自从我妈妈回家以后,我已经看了两本书了●直到之后的某一时间点:until●eg. I waited until my mom came home. 我一直在等,直到妈妈回家●not,,,until,,,:直到,,,才,,,(注意翻译方法)●eg. I didn't go to sleep until my mom came home. 直到我妈妈回家我才睡觉●一个动作紧跟着另一个动作发生:as soon as(注意翻译顺序:一,,,就,,,)●eg. It rained as soon as we went to schoo. 我们一去上学,就下雨了●下次,,,:the next time●eg. I will hug you the next time we meet. 下次我们见面时我一定会拥抱你●地点状语从句●引导词:where●eg. I read books where I study.●强调形式:wherever不管哪里;everywhere所有地方;anywhere任何地方●eg. I read books wherever/everywhere/anywhere I can sudy.●条件状语从句从句比主句落后一个时态●真实条件句:真实的假设 if●eg. If the rabbit sees a carrot,it will eat it.●虚假的假设:if【参考虚拟语气讲义】●否定条件句:unless 除非,,,否则/不然●eg. Unless it rains,the game will be played. 除非下雨,比赛将正常进行●= If it doesn't rain,the game will be played.●其他引导词:as long as只要;in case如果●eg. You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持书的清洁,你就可以把我的书借去。
考研英语语法讲解(动名词和分词)
考研英语语法讲解三、动名词1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词牢记下列要求接动名词做宾语的动词:acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,confess,consider,defend,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,forgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep mind,miss,mention,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,recall,recollect,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate.如:Although a teenager,Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do.I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.2.动名词做介词短语考生尤其要识别下列短语中的to是介词,不是不定式符号:object to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to,be exposed to,be subjected to,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be reconciled to,be contrary to,be (get)used to,come close to,get down to,give oneself up to,prefer…to,see to,set to,take to,in addition to,with regard to,with a view to,on the way to.如:There was no sign that Mr. Jospin ,who keeps a firm control on the party despite having resigned from leadership of it,would intervene personally.Our modern civilization must not be thought of as having been created in a short period of time.Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free,owing to its always being combined with other elements,most commonly with oxygen.As the children become financially independent of the family,the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.Everyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.四、分词分词起形容词和副词的作用,在句中做定语或状语。
考研英语语法-句句真研
考研语法句句真研第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第一节简单句的核心构成1. 主谓=主语+不及物动词(vi.)2. 主谓宾=主语+及物动词(vt.) +宾语3. 主谓双宾=主语+及物动词(vt.) +两个宾语(人+物)4. 主谓宾补=主语+及物动词(vt.) +宾语+宾语的补足语(简称宾补)5. 主系表=主语+系动词+表语考研真题中常出现的系动词,总结如下:【考场攻略】1. 简化句子:若找到不及物动词,就可以判断后面不需要接宾语,主谓结构的句子核心完整,后面无核心成分,可以忽略不看。
2. 找到分裂结构:若找到及物动词。
就可以判断后面一定有宾语,找到宾语才能看懂句子。
3. 判断从句:若找到及物动词,后面是宾语从句,若找到系动词,后面是表语从句。
第二节简单句的核心变化一、谓语动词的变化1. 谓语动词的时态2. 谓语动词的情态考研中常出现的情态动词如下:以上几个情态动词详细用法如下:(1)情态动词表情态(2) 除了表示“情绪和态度”之外,每一个情态动词都能表示推测3. 谓语动词的语态(1). 被动语态的构成:be + donebe反映被动的时间和主语的单复数done表示被动的动作【补充】如果强调被动的动作发出者,即强调动作“被谁做”,可以在被动后加上“by+动作的发生者”(2). 被动语态与时态的结合(3). 被动语态与情态的结合(情态动词+be done)4. 谓语动词的否定(1). 实义动词变否定,前加助动词do/does/did,再加not,最后加动词原形。
(2). 助动词和情态动词变否定直接后加not,如be动词、情态动词和完成时态中的have等。
(3). 如果一个谓语动词中包含多个助动词或情态动词,否定加在第一个后。
5. 补充:谓语动词的强调要想强调谓语动词部分,可直接在前面加伤do/does/did,然后把谓语动词变回原形。
二、主语、宾语、表语的变化(一)名词、代词作主语、宾语、表语(二)非谓语动词doing 作主语、宾语(三)非谓语动词to do 作主语、宾语、表语(四)并列多个主语/宾语/表语a. 表示并列(顺接)b. 表示选择第二章简单句的扩展第一节词性角度的扩展一、限定词修饰名词、冠词、数词、名词所有格等。
