大学化工专业英语Lesson
化工专业英语Lesson 6

Lesson 6 Ammonia氨A1 Dinitrogen makes up more than three-quarters of the air we breathe , but it is not readily available for further chemical use.在我们呼吸的空气中,有超过3/4是氮气,但是要进一步的化学应用并不简单。
2 Biological transformation of nitrogen into useful chemicals is embarrassing for the chemical industry, since all the effort of all the industry’s technologists has been unable to find an easy alternative to this.对于化学工业来说,利用生物转化法将氮气转化为有用的化学产品是很困难的,因为所有工厂的技术专家做了很多努力也没有找到一个容易的方法。
3 Leguminous plants can take nitrogen from the air and convert it into ammonia and ammonium-containing products at atmosphere pressure and ambient temperature;豆科植物可以在大气压和常温下将空气中的氮转化为氨和含有铵基的物质。
4 despite a hundred years of effort ,the chemical industry still needs high temperatures and pressures of hundreds of atmospheres to do the same job.但是对于化学工业,尽管经过了一百多年的努力,要完成相同的工作,仍需要高温和高出大气压几百倍的高压。
化工专业英语(可编辑)

化工专业英语Volatile:挥发性的 Semipermeable membrane:半透膜 immiscible:不相混的 Debit:把….记入借方 Credit:记入贷方Electrical potential:电势 Leaching:浸提 Extraction:萃取 Direct current:直流 Instantaneous:瞬间的 Successive:连续的 Collision:碰撞 Impeller:叶轮 Wavelet analysis:微元分析 Entrainment:夹带 Breakage:破坏Attrition:磨损 Indispensable:不可缺少的 Trajectory:轨道 Acrylic:丙烯酸 Baffle:挡板 Ruffle:滋扰 Discharge:释放 circulation flow:环流attrition:磨损 nucleation:成核 Catalytic:催化 frequency:频率shutter:快门 inertia:惯性 Pitched:倾斜的 histogram:柱状图breakdown:破坏 Unit 14 Distillation Dumped or ordered packings:乱堆或整齐堆放填料 Plate:板 Tray:塔盘 Hold-down and support plates:固定和支撑板 Fraction:馏分 Cascading:成瀑布落下,分多级进行 Reboiler:再沸器Overhead condenser: 塔顶冷凝器 Reflux:回流 Distillate:馏出物Countercurrent:逆流 Relative volatility:相对挥发度 Rectifying section:精馏段 Stripping section:提留段 Sidestream:侧线馏分 Circumvent:回避Hypothetical:假设的 Equilibrium-stage:平衡级(理论板) Tray efficiency:塔板效率 The number of hypothetical equilibrium stages required is then converted to a number actual trays by means of tray efficiencies, which describe the extent to which the performance of actual contact tray duplicates the performance of an equilibrium stage 然后理论塔板数通过塔板效率被转换成实际塔板数;塔板效率是实际塔板表现和理论塔板表现的比值。
化工专业英语第一课ppt课件

PART ONE: BASMENT CHEMISTRY KNOLMOGY
第一部分 基础化学知识
Lesson One Elements and Compounds
第一课 元素和化合物
Elements are pure substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical changes. At the present time there are 109 known elements. Some common elements that are familiar to you are carbon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, copper, nitrogen, and gold. The elements are the building blocks of matter just as the numerals 0 through 9 are the building blocks for numbers. To the best of our knowledge, the elements that have been found on the earth also comprise the entire universe.
化工专业英语第一课
化学化工专业英语的内容和学习方法
• 英语是化学化工文献的主要语言,国际上的主要化学类期 刊都是用英文表达的,国际会议通用英文表达,涉外合同、 设备说明书等也大都采用英文表达,因此,在涉及国际交 流日益频繁的今天,学会专业英语无疑会给你就业、工作 又增加了一种能力、一种工具。 • 专业英语是大学课程体系的一个重要组成部分,是保证学 生能够真正掌握英语并能够实用英语的一个重要环节。 • 专业英语有着自身的特点,表现在语句结构、构词、写作 等方面,学生只有掌握了这些特点才能更好地学习并运用 专业英语。
化学化工专业英语课件

deci-分 decigram 分克(1/10克);decimeter 分米
centi- 厘 centimeter 厘米;centigram厘克
nano- 纳
nanometer纳米;
nanosecond十亿分之一秒(10-9秒)
milli-毫 millimeter毫米;millilitre毫升; milligram毫克
需要注意的是,表中物质的数目词头除前四个另 有名称外,其它均为表上的数目词头。
数字 拉丁或希 烷烃-ane 烷基-yl 烯烃-ene 腊前缀 alkane alkyl Alkene
炔烃-yne 醇-ol alkyne alcohol
醛-al aldehyde
one mono- methane methyl
4.名词+动名词(n.+v.ing)
paper-making 造纸 ship-building 造船 Machine-shaping ?
5.其他构成方式
By-product 副产品(介词+名词) Make-up 化妆品(动词+副词) Out-of-door 户外 (副词+介词+名词) Pick-me-up 兴奋剂 (动词+代词+副词)
2.形容词+名词(adj.+n.)
其意义关系是前者修饰后者 Blueprint periodic table mixed-powder atomic weight
3.动名词+名词(v.ing+n.)
动名词所表示的是与被修饰词有关的 动作,而名词所表示的是可用的场所或物 品。 Launching site 发射场 flying-suit 飞行衣 navigating instrument ?
化工专业英语lesson4翻译

仅供参考Introduction to Organic Chemist ry1.Sources of Organic CompoundsThe major sources of organic chemicals are coal, petrole um, and agriculturalproducts.Both coal and petroleu mwere formed throughthe geologic processesof changing animal andplant remains into carbon-containing residues. Aboutone-thirdof all organic chemicalsar ederived from coalandaboutone-half from thepetroleum industry有机化合物的来源有机化学药品的主要来源是煤、石油和农产品。
动植物的遗体通过地质作用变成含碳残基然后形成煤和石油。
三分之一的所有有机化合物品是从煤中得到的,一般来自于石油工业。
2. TheMethods and Objectives ofOrganic Chemistr yBecause ofthetremendous number of organic compoundsknown, andof the many more being synthesized daily,t he study of organic chemistryis notthe study of i ndividualcompounds,it isthe study ofgroups or families ofcompoundsall closely relatedtoeach other.Obviously,the formerapproach would be prohibitive[prE5hibitiv]. Once the structuralrelat ionships of certain typical members of a particular gr oup or family of compounds are understood,these structural features are understoodfor any one of the m any members of the family,eventhoughsome may not be known compounds.因为已知的有机化合物的数目庞大,而且还在逐日合成更多的品种,所以有机化学不是研究单个的化合物,而是把彼此密切相关的化合物按类或族来研究。
专业英语-Lesson-1

Unit 1 General Chemistry Lesson 1Inorganic Chemistry 无机化学是一门涉及化学性质和无机化合物反应的化学学科分支。
无机化学包括了所有除了那些基于链或环的碳原子的被称为有机化合物,并在有机化合物的独立标题下研究有机化学的化合物。
两学科之间的区别并不是绝对的,两者之间有许多重叠,最重要的是在有机金属化学的分支学科上。
1.主要概念无机化合物主要是盐,它是通过阴、阳离子通过离子键键合形成。
例如:阳离子钠Na+和镁Mg2+分别与阴离子氧O2—-和氯Cl-形成化合物。
盐都是电中性的,如离子化合物氧化钠Na2O或氯化镁MgCl2。
这些离子的电性可以由他们的氧化态和易于形成可以从他们母体元素中的电离电位和电子亲和力推断出来的来描述。
一类重要的无机化合物是氧化物,碳酸盐、硫酸盐和卤化物。
许多无机化合物都具有很高的熔点。
固态无机盐是典型的不良导体。
另一个重要性质是他们在水中的溶解度和容易结晶。
有些盐(例如NaCl)极易溶于水,另一些(例如二氧化硅)是不易溶于水的。
最简单的无机反应是复分解反应,即在两种盐的混合物中,离子相互交换但不发生电荷及化合价的改变。
在氧化还原反应中,氧化剂的化合价降低,还原剂的化合价升高,最终的结果是发生了。
交换电子也可以间接发生,例如电池——电化学中一个很重要的概念。
在酸碱化学中,反应物包含氢原子的反应可以通过交换质子发生。
更广泛的定义就是:在任何化学种类里能结合电子对的被称为路易斯酸,相反的,任何提供电子对的分子被称为路易斯碱。
在精细酸碱反应中,软硬酸碱理论考虑到离子的极化性和离子大小。
无机化合物存在于天然矿物质中。
例如土壤和黄铁矿中含有硫化亚铁,石膏中含有硫酸钙。
无机化合物应用于多个方面:作为生物大分子,作为电解液(氯化钠),作为储能物(ATP)或作为结构骨架(DNA 骨架中的多磷酸盐)。
最重要的人工合成的无机化合物是通过哈伯合成氨法合成的,用于土壤施肥的亚硝酸盐铵。
化工专业英语翻译

元素是单纯的物质,不能通过一般的化学变化分解成为更简单的物质。目前已知有109个元素。一些你熟悉的常见元素是碳、氧、铝、铁、氮和金。元素是组成物质的基本单元,就象0到9的数字是组成数的基本单元一样。就我们所知,已经在地球上发现的元素也是组成整个宇宙的元素。
About 85% of (85 percent of) the elements can be found in nature , usually combined with other elements in minerals and vegetable matter or in substances like water and carbon dioxide. Copper, silver, gold, and about 20 other elements can be found in highly pure forms. Sixteen elements are not found in nature; they
Lesson one Elements and Compounds
元素与化合物
Elements are pure substances that can not be decomposed(分解) into simpler substances by ordinary chemical changes. At present there are 109 known elements. Some common elements that are familiar to you are carbon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, copper, nitrogen, and gold. The elements are the building blocks of matter just as the numerals 0 through 9 are the building blocks for numbers. To the best of1 our knowledge, the elements that have been found on the earth also comprise(包含) the entire universe.
大学化学专业英语Lesson 3_organic

1. The parent chain is numbered so that the multiple bonds have the lowest numbers (double and triple bonds have priority over alkyl and halo substituents).
3. When both double and triple bonds are present, the -en suffix follows the parent chain directly and the -yne suffix follows the -en suffix (notice that the e is left off, -en instead of -ene). The location of the double bond(s) is(are) indicated before the parent name as before, and the location of the triple bond(s) is(are) indicated between the -en and -yne suffixes. See below for examples.
CH3 CH H2C CH2
methylcyclopropane
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH3
CH CH3
CH2 CH3
5-sec-butyl-2,7-dimethylnonane
CH3 CH2 CH CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH3
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes氯碱工业与相关过程Historically the bulk chemical industry was built on chlor-alkali and related processes.纵观历史,大部分化学工业是建立在氯碱工业及其相关过程之上。
The segment is normally taken to include the production of chlorine gas, caustic soda(sodium hydroxide), soda-ash(derivatives of sodium carbonate in various forms)and, for convenience, lime-based products.该部分通常包括氯气、苛性钠(氢氧化钠)、无水碳酸钠(以各种形式存在的碳酸钠的衍生物),以及以石灰为基础的产品。
Soda-ash and sodium hydroxide have competed with each other as the major source of alkali ever since viable processes were discovered for both.作为碱的主要来源,自从发现很多过程对于纯碱和火碱都是可行的,它们就相互竞争。
The peculiar economics of electrolytic processes mean that you have to make chlorine and caustic soda together in a fixed ratio whatever the relative demand for the two totally different types of product, and this causes swings in the price of caustic soda which can render soda-ash more or less favorable as an alkali.电解过程的特殊经济性意味着,不管对氯气和氢氧化钠这两种不同类型的产品的相对需求量如何,你只有以固定的比例同时制备氯气和氢氧化钠。
这引起了氢氧化钠的价格的摇摆不定,从而使得纯碱作为一种碱或多或少有利。
Both chlorine/caustic soda and soda-ash production are dependent on cheap readily available supplies of raw materials.氯气/氢氧化钠和纯碱的生产都依赖于廉价的现成的原材料供应。
Chlorine/caustic soda requires a ready supply of cheap brine and electricity, soda-ash requires brine, limestone and lots of energy.氯气/氢氧化钠需要廉价的现成的卤水和电力的供应,纯碱需要卤水、石灰石和大量的能量。
Soda-ash plants are only profitable if their raw materials do not have to be transported far.如果纯碱厂的原材料不需要运输的话,它们是盈利的。
The availability of such supplies is a major factor in the location of many of the chemical industry ’s great complexes.在许多化学工业的重大复合物的位置中,这种供货的可行性是一个主要因素。
1. Lime-Based Products1. 基于石灰的产品One of the key raw materials is lime.一种重要的原料是石灰。
Limestone consists mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) laid down over geological time by various marine organisms.石灰石主要由CaCO 3组成,CaCO 3是多种多样的海洋生物经过整个地质年代留下来的。
High quality limestones are often good enough to be used directly as calcium carbonate in further reactions.高质量的石灰石可以作为CaCO 3直接用于下一步反应。
Limestone is usually mined in vast open-cast quarries, many of which will also carry out some processing of the materials.石灰石通常在大型露天采石场开采,其中,许多还将进行一些材料的处理。
The two key products derived from limestone are quicklime (CaO ) and slaked lime[Ca(OH)2]. 来自于石灰石的两个主要的产品是生石灰(CaO )和熟石灰[Ca(OH)2]。
Quicklime is manufactured by the thermal decomposition (1200~1500℃) of limestone according to the equation :32CaCO CaO+CO →石灰石在1200~1500℃下热分解即可制得生石灰,反应方程式如下:32CaCO CaO+CO → Typically limestone is crushed and fed into the higher end of a sloping rotating kiln where the decomposition takes place and quicklime is recovered from the end.通常,将石灰石打碎,然后将它放入倾斜的旋转窑较高的末端,在那里,石灰石将会分解,从这个窑的末端将会得到生石灰。
Most frequently, however, the quicklime is not isolated for further reactions, rather, other compounds are fed in with the lime to give final products at the low end of the kiln.然而,最常见的是生石灰并不是下一步反应唯一的反应物,而是,其他的化合物也会和石灰一起放入,这样在窑的较低的末端得到最终的产品。
For example, alumina, iron ore and sand can be fed in to give Portland cement.例如,将氧化铝、铁矿石和沙子放入后,能够得到硅酸盐水泥。
Soda-ash manufacture often adds coke to the limestone which burns to give extra carbon dioxide needed for soda-ash manufacture.纯碱的生产通常是在石灰石中添加焦炭,它可以通过燃烧来提供制备纯碱所需的额外的二氧化碳。
Slaked lime which is more convenient to handle than quicklime——is manufactured by reacting quicklime with water.熟石灰的生产比生石灰的生产更方便一些,它通常是通过生石灰与水反应制得。
About 40% of the output of the lime industry goes into steel-making. where it is used to react with the refractory silica present in iron ore to give a fluid slag which floats to the surface and is easily separated from the liquid metal.大约40%的石灰工业的产品用于钢铁制造业。
在钢铁制造业中,纯碱用来与铁矿石中难溶的硅酸盐反应,生成流态矿渣,矿渣漂浮于表面上,很容易从液态金属中分离。
Smaller, but still significant, amounts are used in chemical manufacture, pollution control and water treatment. The most important chemical derived from lime is soda-ash.较少量但重要的石灰工业的产品用于化学品的制造、污染控制和水处理。
从石灰石得到的最重要的化学品是纯碱。
2. Soda Ash2. 纯碱The Solvay Process. The process, which was perfected by Ernest Solvay in 1865, is based on the precipitation of NaHCO3when an ammoniated solution of salt is carbonated with CO2from a coke-fired lime kiln.索尔维工艺。
该工艺发现于1865年由ES优化:工艺是以当氨化的盐溶液经来自于石灰窑中焦炭燃烧产物CO2碳化时,NaHCO3沉淀析出为基础。
The NaHCO3 is filtered, dried, and calcined to Na2CO3.NaHCO3经过滤、干燥和煅烧生成Na2CO3。
The filtered ammonium chloride process liquor is made alkaline with slaked lime and the ammonia is distilled out for recycle to the front end of the process.过滤后的NH4Cl溶液与熟石灰反应后,呈碱性,为了循环利用,蒸馏出的NH3放回到该过程的前端。