龙东卷2015
2015黑龙江中考
龙江省龙东地区2015年初中毕业学业统一考试第一部分语言知识运用(共计65分)Ⅰ.Multiple choice (本题共30分,每小题1分)Choose the best answer from A, B or C according to the meaning of the sentence. ( ) 1. It's ______ interesting program and it tells us how to play ______ piano.A. a; theB. an; theC. the; a( ) 2. Could you give me some ______ ? I tried several times but failed.A. noticeB. suggestionC. advice( ) 3. On Fridays, I often ______ with my sister and watch Running Man at home.A. show upB. come upC. stay up( ) 4. —How many teachers are there in your school?—______ them ______ over one hundred.A. The number of ; isB. The number of ; areC. A number of ; are( ) 5. Something _____ in our hometown since 2014. Now it ______ very modern.A. is changed; is lookedB. has changed; looksC. changed; looks( ) 6. —What about going swimming this afternoon?—You ______ be joking! Don't you know I'm afraid of water?A. mayB. canC. must( ) 7. —Jim, how do your parents like country music?—______ my dad ______ my mom likes it. They both like country music.A. Either...orB. Not only...but alsoC. Neither...nor( ) 8. —How far is it from Beijing to Haikou?—It's a______ flight from Beijing to Haikou.A. 3-hour-longB. 3 hours longC. 3 hours' long( ) 9. —Many people talk about "Didi". I really wonder ______.—You call to order a taxi through it on your mobile phone easily.A. how can I use themB. who uses them mostC. what they are used for ( ) 10. —Whose room is this? Is it the______? ¬—Yes, it is ______.A. twins'; Tom and Tim'sB. twin's; Tom's and Tim'sC. twins'; Tom and Tim( ) 11. All the students in the classroom do their homework ______.A. enough carefulB. careful enoughC. carefully enough ( ) 12. You're supposed ______ your room up before you go out.A. to cleanB. cleanC. cleaning( ) 13. —What do you think of the program I am a singer Ⅲ?—______ exciting program it is! I like it very much.A. What aB. HowC. What an( ) 14. —I don't know if Sam ______ tomorrow.—Don't worry. I will tell you as soon as he ______.A. comes; will comeB. will come; comesC. will come; will come( ) 15. —I won't get good grades_______ I study hard.—That's ______ everyone is trying his best to prepare for the exam.A. until; whyB. unless; whenC. unless; why( ) 16. —Han Hong ______ by the reporter yesterday.—She's great. She helped so many disabled people.A. was interviewedB. is interviewedC. is interviewing( ) 17. Sandy likes the actors ______ are popular among teenagers.A. whoB. whichC. whom( ) 18. —Would you like ______ cake?—Thanks, but I'm full.A. anotherB. otherC. the other( ) 19. He has never been to Beijing, ______?A. hasn't heB. has heC. doesn't he( ) 20. By the time I got back to school, the bell______.A. rangB. has rungC. had rung( ) 21. It is careless ______ him to lose his wallet again. I think it necessary ______ him to be more careful next time.A. of; toB. of; forC. for; for( ) 22. ______ of the girls will join the summer camp to visit England.A. Three fivesB. Third fifthsC. Three fifths( ) 23.—Lucy can't go mountain climbing with us tomorrow.—_________ I have to do housework at home.A. So can I.B. Neither can I.C. Neither I can.( ) 24.—Canada is one of the largest______ in the world.—That is, it is larger than ______ country in Asia.A. country; any otherB. countries; any otherC. countries; any( ) 25. He can do what he can______ the children in his neighborhood.A. helpB. to helpC. helps( ) 26.—Would you mind ______ now? It's already midnight.—Sorry, I won't.A. not singingB. not to singC. don't sing( ) 27. Parents often ______ their children______ some good living conditions.A. offer; toB. provide; forC. provide; with( ) 28.—I'm so sorry about last night. I was so impolite.—______.A. Never mindB. Go aheadC. My pleasure( ) 29.—______ will the breakfast be ready?—Just a minute.A. How muchB. How longC. How soon( ) 30. "No smoking" was mentioned as a local policy by Beijing government on June 1st,2015.Which picture below can describe the theme?A. B. C.Ⅱ.Close test (本题共15分,每小题1分)Choose the best answer to complete the passage.得分评卷人Every great achievement has been the result of years of dreaming. Even in early times, people could realize the 31 of dreams. If a person has a dream and works hard, he or she will find a way 32 bring it into success.Children do not have 33 knowledge. However, they are natural dreamers. We should not 34 them. With their rich imagination, they will 35 with fantastic dreams. History is 36 of examples. Many great men were dreamers when they were children. One such dreamer was Thomas Edison. He used to 37 ostracized(排斥) when he was in primary school, but his achievements were greater than 38 in his time.Teenagers and young people should also be 39 to dream. They had big dreams and their dreams 40 their lives and even the world. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates are the good examples. They 41 developed technology and brought great progress to humans besides making money for 42 .Older people should believe that it is never 43 late to dream. Colonel Saunders 44 KFC at the age of 67. Everyone has a chance to make dreams 45 .( ) 31. A. important B. importance C. most important( ) 32. A. to B. of C. for( ) 33. A. many B. a lot C. much( ) 34 .A. make fun B. laugh at C. look down( ) 35. A. come up B. catch up C. get on( ) 36. A. full B. filled C. fill( ) 37. A. being B. be C. been( ) 38. A. else everyone's B. everyone else's C. everyone else( ) 39. A. encouraged B. encouraging C. encourage( ) 40. A. change B. changed C. to change( ) 41. A. had B. have to C. have( ) 42. A. them B. themselves C. theirs( ) 43. A. so B. very C. too( ) 44. A. set up B. set out C. put up( ) 45. A. come true B. achieve C. realizeⅢ. Communication (本题共20分, 每小题2分)(A) Choose the best choice from A to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer. Each choice should be used only once.A: Excuse me, I want to go to the National Palace Museum . 46B: You can get there by bus . I think it will come soon.A:Thank you. It's my first time here.B: So, 47A:I like it very much. It's a big city with lots of modern buildings. By the way, you aren't a student, are you?B: 48 I'm a college student. 49A:I'm going to visit my son and he lives near there.B:Oh, your bus is coming.A: 50B:You're welcome. Bye.46. 47. 48. 49. 50.(B) Complete the dialogue with proper words or sentences.A: Hello, could I speak to Linda?B: 51 .A: Hi, Linda, it's Judy here. I called you at seven and you didn't pick up.52 ?B: I was taking a shower at that time.A: I see. What are you going to do this weekend?B: 53 . I don't have any plans.A: 54 ?B: Science Museum? No, I haven't.A: Would you like to go with me?B: 55 . When and where shall we meet?A: Let's meet at the school gate at eight on Saturday morning.B: That's a deal.第二部分阅读理解(共计40分)Ⅳ. Reading comprehension (本题共40分, A, D每小题1分, B, C, E每小题2分)( A )( ) 56. A "Gap Year" is a period of time when a student takes a break before going to university. It is often spent travelling or working. It can give young people useful learning experiences and new skills. It's very popular in foreign countries.( ) 57. Although you don't have to go abroad to experience gap years, most gap year students catch the chance to travel abroad. You are able to work out who you are and what you are for. The experiences of different cultures offer you interesting lessons. You can learn more about the world and get to know yourself better.( ) 58. A gap year is not only a time to take a vacation, but also a time to face challenges. Gapyear students usually work, volunteer or take service projects. You have to learn how to get along in the real world. This process isn't always easy, but it is an important part of growing up. Only in this way can you enjoy life and have fun.( ) 59. There's a common thought that gap years are only for rich students, but it's not true. Actually, taking a gap year can save your money. Gap year students often take a part-time job. Besides, at the end of a gap year, students are much more likely to know what to study in college. Clear learning goals can keep the students working hard instead of wasting time and money playing.( ) 60. Imagine an admission officer trying to admit (录取) only one between two students. Both of them are excellent and have high grades. However, one student has much practical experience or has volunteered in his vacation. Who do you think the admission officer will choose?Choose the best topic from A to F according to the meaning of the passage.( B )"The grass looks greener on the other side of the fence. "That's an old saying in English. It means other places often look better, more interesting than the place where you live. Some people worry that young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring Chinese culture and, instead, buying Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and even celebrating Western holidays.Foreign books and soap operas are good, but Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with Mid-Autumn Festival. And let's not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: its friendliness. Not all countries are as warm as China.It's good to enjoy other cultures and to learn from them, but they cannot replace your own culture. It's good to look on the other side of the fence, but make sure you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isn't always greener on the other side of the fence.Judge the following sentences true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.( ) 61. The Spring Festival is more meaningful for Chinese people.( ) 62. The saying means the place where you live looks better than other places.( ) 63. Foreign culture can't replace Chinese culture.( ) 64. Some people worry that young Chinese ignore Chinese culture.( ) 65. This passage mentioned three Chinese festivals.( C )Choose the best choice from A, B or C according to what you read.( ) 66.Where can you learn to play the drums?A. In Music ClubB. In National parkC. In Art Museum( ) 67.If you want to ride a horse, you can go to .A. 25 Jiefang RoadB. 120 Xinjin StreetC. 95 the Fifth Avenue( ) 68.You are eleven. If you and your parents visit Art Museum, how much should you pay?A. $10B. $15.50C.$25.50( ) 69. If you want to know more information about boating, you can call .A. 420-258-1200B. 208-683-3400C.307-864-2997( ) 70. Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?A. You can pay $20 each for the guitar lesson.B. There are no pictures in Art Museum.C. A 15-year-old boy can pay $15 for riding a horse.( D )Robert was a clever boy and got on well with his classmates. After he left the middle school,one of his legs was hurt in a traffic accident. He had to go back to his village and help his father tomanage the farm. He read a lot of books on farming and did well in it. He got much money andbought a few farms.Ten years later, he became the richest farmer in his village. One day, Robert met severalfriends in London. He asked them to visit his farm. They saw a beautiful house with a big gardenwhen his friends got there . They found he had a lot of sheep, pigs and cows. It was so large thatthey couldn't see the other end."It'll take you two days to reach the other end of my farm by car!" Robert said happily."A re you kidding? I think something is wrong with your car!" One of the guests said with asmile.Fill in the blanks according to the passage. Only one word for each blank.Robert was a clever and friendly boy. After he finished middle school, he hurt one of his legsin a traffic accident. He had to 71 to his village and helped his father on the farm. He was 72 at farming. He made a lot of money and bought some farms. 73 ten years, he was veryrich. One day, h e invited some friends to visit his farm. The farm was 74 large to see theother end. Robert said, "You'll 75 two days reaching the other end by car." His friendlaughed at him.71. 72. 73. 74. 75.( E)Some time ago, an old businessman had a large store in Boston. He wanted a boy to work for him, and he put an advertisement in the newspaper. The next morning, many boys came to the old man's office, asking for the job.There was a post (柱子)by his desk, and there was a nail (钉子）in it. He took a walking stick and said, "Everyone has three chances. If anyone can hit the nail on the head with this stick more than once, I will give him the job."The boys thought it was easy. They all tried, but nobody could make it. So the old man said, "I'm sorry I can't take any of you."And they left.He kept the advertisement in the paper, and the next morning many more boys came, and among them he saw a thin boy who had been there the day before. The boy hit the nail successfully for three times. The old man felt surprised and asked how he did that. "Yes," said the boy, "I failed yesterday, but I thought that if I kept on trying a while, I could do it. So I went home and practiced hitting a nail with a stick till I could do it, and I got up very early this morning, and tried again."The old man said, "You are the boy for me." And he gave him the job. Whatever the boy had to do, he tried to do his best. It was not very long before he became the best clerk in the store. Answer the questions according to the passage.76. What could they use to hit the nail?______________________________________________________________77. How many chances could everyone have to hit the nail?______________________________________________________________78. Who got the job on the first day?______________________________________________________________79. Did the boys know the advertisement on TV or in the newspaper?______________________________________________________________80. Why could the boy hit the nail successfully?______________________________________________________________第三部分书面表达(共计15分)Ⅴ.Writing ( 本题共15分，其中81题5分，82题10分)（注意：文中不能出现考生真实姓名、校名和师名，否则不得分）81. 假如你是John Smith, 下周六是你的生日，你邀请你的同学Jimmy参加你的生日聚会。
黑龙江省龙东地区中考物理试题(word解析版)
黑龙江省龙东地区2015年中考物理试题（word解析版）一、选择题（共12小题，每小题2分，满分24分）1．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列说法与实际最相符的是（）A．一个鸡蛋的质量大约是5g B．人正常体温约为37℃C．教室房间的高度为4dm D．人步行的速度约为5m/s考点：质量的估测；温度；长度的估测；速度与物体运动．专题：估算综合应用题．分析：首先对题目中涉及的物理量有个初步的了解，对于选项中的单位，可根据需要进行相应的换算或转换，排除与生活实际相差较远的选项，找出符合生活实际的答案．解答：解：A、10个鸡蛋的质量大约1斤，而1斤=500g，所以一个鸡蛋的质量在50g左右．故A不符合实际；B、正常情况下，人的体温在37℃左右，变化幅度很小．故B符合实际；C、一层楼的高度在3m左右，教室地面到天花板的高度与此差不多，在3m=30dm左右．故C不符合实际；D、人正常步行的速度在4km/h=4×m/s≈1.1m/s左右．故D不符合实际．故选B．点评：估测是一种科学的近似值，它不仅是一种常用的解题方法和思维方法而且是一种重要的科学研究方法，在生产和生活中也有着重要的作用，应用日常知识积累解答此题．2．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列有关声现象的说法中，正确的是（）A．声源的振动频率越高，发出声音的响度就越大B．声音在真空中的传播速度是3×108m/sC．主要交通道路上设置的噪声强度显示仪不可以消除噪声D．次声波的频率大于20赫兹考点：频率及音调的关系；声速；超声波与次声波；防治噪声的途径．专题：声现象．分析：A、音调指声音的高低，是由物体振动的频率决定的，响度指声音的强弱，是由物体振动的振幅决定的；B、声音可以在气体中传播，也可以在固体和液体中传播，但不能在真空中传播；C、噪声强度显示仪可以检测声音响度大小；D、频率低于20赫兹的声音属于次声波．解答：解：A、发声体振动频率越高，音调越高，而不是响度越大，该选项说法不正确；B、声音的传播需要介质，真空不能传声，该选项说法不正确；C、噪声强度显示仪只能显示声音响度的大小，不能减弱噪声，该选项说法正确；D、低于20赫兹的声音属于次声波，该选项说法不正确．故选C．点评：本题考查了次声波的定义、音调以及声音的传播速度等，是声学基础知识的考查，相对比较简单．3．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列现象，由于光的直线传播形成的是（）A．手影B．倒影C．铅笔“折”了D．彩虹考点：光在均匀介质中直线传播．专题：光的传播和反射、平面镜成像．分析：①在日常生活中，激光准直、小孔成像和影子的形成等都表明光在同一种均匀介质中是沿直线传播的；②当光照射到两种物质界面上时，有一部分光被反射回原来介质的现象是光的反射，由光的反射形成的现象有：平面镜成像、水中倒影等；③当光从一种介质斜射入另一种介质时，传播方向发生改变，这是光的折射，由光的折射形成的现象有：看水里的鱼比实际位置浅、彩虹、透镜成像等．解答：解：A、光被手遮挡后，在后边形成一个黑色的区域，叫做影子，即手影，是光的直线传播形成的，故A正确；B、水中桥的倒影是空气中物体的光经水面反射后，在水中形成的虚像，即平面镜成像，这是一种典型的镜面反射现象，故B错误；C、铅笔折了是由于杯底反射的光由水斜射入空气，发生折射，折射光线进入人眼的结果，是光的折射现象，故C错误；D、雨过天晴，天空出现了美丽的彩虹，这是由于太阳光照到空气中的小水滴上，被分解为红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫七种颜色的光，是光的色散现象，故D错误．故选：A．点评：一般来说：见到影子、日月食、小孔成像就联系到光的直线传播原理；见到镜子、倒影、潜望镜就联系到光的反射原理；见到水中的物体，隔着玻璃或透镜看物体就联系到光的折射原理．4．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）“林都”伊春，一年四季风景如画，下列现象的成因不属于物态变化的是（）A．春天冰雪消融B．夏天的早晨，河面飘荡着的白雾 C．秋天果香扑鼻D．冬天，飘落的雪花考点：分子的运动．专题：分子热运动、内能．分析：物质由固体变为液态的现象叫熔化；物质由气态变为固态的现象叫凝华；物质由液态变为气态的现象叫汽化；分子是不停地做无规则运动的．解答：解：A、春天冰雪消融属于熔化，故A不符合题意；B、“雾”的形成过程是液化现象，故B不符合题意；C、秋天果香扑鼻是果的香分子不停运动的结果，故C符合题意；D、“雪”的形成过程是凝华现象，故D不符合题意．故选：C．点评：本题考查物态变化和分子的运动，熟练掌握各种物态变化时从哪种状态变化成哪种状态是解答本题的关键．5．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下面四幅图中能说明电动机原理的是（）A．B．C．D．考点：直流电动机的原理；通电直导线周围的磁场；电磁铁的构造和原理．专题：磁现象、电生磁；电动机、磁生电．分析：电动机的工作原理是：通电导体在磁场中受到力的作用．正确分析四个选项各是研究的什么问题，再做回答．解答：解：A、在外力作用下使导体左右移动，切割磁感应线，则电流表指针发生偏转，说明此时有感应电流产生，这是电磁感应现象，是发电机的工作原理，不符合题意．B、是电磁继电器，它是利用通电导体周围存在磁场的原理制成的，不符合题意；C、是奥斯特实验，小磁针指针偏转说明通电导体周围有磁场，不符合题意；D、电路中有电流，通电导体或线圈受到磁场力的作用发生运动，符合题意．故选D．点评： 本题涉及的内容有电流的磁效应、电动机的原理和发电机的原理．注意电磁感应和通电导体在磁场中受力运动的装置的不同，前者外部没有电源，后者外部有电源．6．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）简单机械在我们的生活中应用很广泛．下面是使用简单机械匀速提升同一物体的四种方式（不计机械重和摩擦），其中不省力的是（ ） A ．B ．C ．D ．考点： 轮轴及其他常见简单机械；杠杆的平衡条件；滑轮组及其工作特点． 专题： 简单机械．分析：①不计机械重和摩擦，则用机械做的功等于直接用手做的功． ②根据滑轮组的省力特点进行判断； ③使用定滑轮不省力；④根据杠杆的平衡条件进行分析． 解答：解：不计机械重和摩擦，A 、由图知，F 1×4m=G ×2m ，所以F 1=G ；B 、滑轮组由三段绳子承担，所以F 2=G ；C 、由图知，是定滑轮，不能省力，所以F 3=G ；D 、根据杠杆的平衡条件：F 4×（L+3L ）=G×L ，所以F 4=G ． 由以上分析得，只有C 不省力． 故选C ．点评：此题考查了功的原理、滑轮组的省力特点、定滑轮的特点及杠杆的平衡条件的应用，涉及的比较全面，是一道基础性很好的题目．7．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）如图所示，工人用250N 的力将重400N 的物体匀速提升2m ，共用了10秒，若在此过程中（忽略绳重和摩擦）．下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．绳子自由端移动的距离是6m B ．动滑轮的重是10N C ．工人做功的功率是80W D ．滑轮组的机械效率是80%考点： 机械效率的计算；功率的计算． 专题： 功、功率、机械效率．分析：（1）由图知，使用滑轮组承担物重的绳子股数n=2，利用s=2h 求拉力端移动的距离； （2）不计摩擦和绳重，拉力F=（G+G 轮），据此求动滑轮的重力；（3）求出拉力端移动的距离，利用W=Fs求拉力做功，知道时间，利用功率公式求拉力做功功率；（4）利用W=Gh求有用功，再利用效率公式求滑轮组的机械效率．解答：解：（1）由图知，n=2，s=2h=2×2m=4m，故A错；（2）不计摩擦和绳重，拉力F=（G+G轮），则动滑轮的重力G轮=2F﹣G=2×250N﹣400N=100N，故B错；（3）拉力端移动的距离s=4m，拉力做功W总=Fs=250N×4m=1000J，P===100W，故C错；（4）W有用=Gh=400N×2m=800J，滑轮组的机械效率η=×100%=×100%=80%，故D正确．故选D．点评：本题考查了使用滑轮组动滑轮重力、有用功、总功、功率、机械效率的计算，求动滑轮重力要利用好：不计摩擦和绳重，拉力F=（G+G轮）．8．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）如图所示，当滑动变阻器滑片P向右移动时，下列判断正确的是（）A．电压表的示数不变，电流表A1的示数变大，A2的示数变小B．电压表的示数不变，电流表A1的示数不变，A2的示数变大C．电压表的示数与A1的示数的比值变大，A2的示数变小D．电压表的示数与A1的示数的比值不变，A2的示数变小考点：电路的动态分析．专题：电路变化分析综合题．分析：由图示电路图分析清楚电路结构，明确各电路元件的连接方式，根据滑片的移动方向判断滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值如何变化，应用并联电路特点、欧姆定律分析答题．解答：解：由电路图可知，R1和R2并联，电压表测量并联支路（电源电压）电压，电流表A1测R1支路的电流，电流表A2测干路电流；滑片向右移动过程中，电源电压不变，电压表示数不变，电阻R1阻值不变，通过R1的电流不变，电流表A1示数不变，故A错误；滑片向右移动，滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值变大，通过R2的电流变小，干路电流变小，电流表A2示数变小，故B错误；电压表与电流表A1示数是电阻R1的阻值，电阻R1的阻值不变，则电压表的示数与电流表A1的示数的比值不变，故C错误，D正确；故选D．点评：本题考查了学生对欧姆定律及其变形公式的掌握和运用，分析电路图得出电路的连接方式和三表的测量对象是本题的突破口，灵活运用并联特点和欧姆定律是关键．9．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）如图是新安装的照明电路，已知两个并联灯泡的灯头接线存在一处故障．小明学电工的检修方法，在保险丝处接入一个“220V、40W”的灯泡．当只闭合S、S1时，L0和L1都呈暗红色；当只闭合S、S2时，L0正常发光，L2不发光．由此可以确定（）A．L灯头断路B． L2灯头短路C． L1灯头短路D．L2灯头断路考点：电流表、电压表在判断电路故障中的应用．专题：电流和电路．分析：将“220V、40W”的电灯按表格中提供的接法接入电路，是把此灯串联接入电路．若电灯恰能正常发光，说明开关闭合的那条支路短路，使该灯直接接在电源上；若电灯比正常发光暗，说明开关闭合的那条支路的灯与该灯串联接入电路，所分电压低于220V，这条支路正常；若电灯不发光，说明开关闭合的那条支路有开路．据此分析判断．解答：解：当只闭合S、S1时L0和L1都呈暗红色，是因为L1与该灯串联接入电路，所分电压低于220V，所以L1正常；当只闭合S、S2时，L0正常发光，L2不发光，是因为L2被短路，使L0直接接在电源上，正常发光．故选B．点评：明确当把检测灯串联接在保险丝处时，出现三种现象（检测灯正常发光、发光暗、不发光）的原因是本题的关键．10．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）小键学习电学知识后，认识到安全用电很重要，如图符合安全用电原则的是（）A．甲图：人靠近高压带电体B．乙图：电视机天线与电线接触C．丙图：电动机外壳没有接地D．丁图：电水壶用三角插头考点：安全用电原则．专题：电与热、生活用电．分析：（1）安全用电的基本原则是：不靠近高压带电体，不接触低压带电体；（2）电视机天线与电线接触易引发触电；（3）（4）有金属外壳的用电器必须要接地线．解答：解：A、人靠近高压带电体极易引发触电，不符合安全用电原则，故A错误；B、电视机天线与电线接触易引发触电，不符合安全用电原则，故B错误；C、电动机外壳没有接地，若电动机漏电，这时人接触电动机有触电的危险，不符合安全用电原则，故C错误；D、电水壶用三角插头，这样在电水壶漏电时，电流会被导向大地，人不会触电，符合安全用电原则，故D正确．故选D．点评：熟练掌握家庭电路中的安全用电常识，并能在实践中加以运用，有一定的现实意义，应引起我们的重视．11．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列说法正确的是（）A．物体受平衡力的作用一定处于静止状态B．力是改变物体运动状态的原因C．惯性的大小与速度有关D．同种电荷相吸引，异种电荷相排斥考点：平衡状态的判断；物体运动状态变化的原因；惯性；电荷间的相互作用规律．专题：运动和力．分析：A、物体不受力或受平衡力，则处于静止状态或匀速直线运动状态；B、力是改变物体运动状态的原因；C、惯性是物体保持原来运动状态不变的性质，与质量有关；D、电荷的作用规律：同种电荷相互排斥，异种电荷相互吸引．解答：解：A、物体受平衡力的作用还可能处于匀速直线运动状态，A错误；B、力是改变物体运动状态的原因，B正确；C、惯性大小只与物体的质量有关，与速度无关，C错误；D、同种电荷相排斥，异种电荷相吸引，D错误．故选B．点评：此题考查了对平衡状态的判定，力和运动的关系、惯性的影响因素及电荷间的作用规律，属基础知识的考查．12．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）如图是实验现象所揭示的物理原理成规律所对应的技术应用不正确的是（）A．B．C．D．考点：液体的压强的特点；压强大小比较；大气压的综合应用．专题：压强、液体的压强；气体的压强、流体压强与流速的关系．分析：利用图示的实验现象，明确其反应的物理规律．然后再与该选项中的应用技术涉及的理论去对应，从而可以确定其正误．解答：解：A、图示的实验装置是微小压强计，它是用来研究液体压强特点的设备．潜水员潜入深水区时，要穿着特制的潜水服，这是因为随着潜入深度的增加，水对人体的压强在不断的增大,为了防止人受到伤害，所以要穿抗压的潜水服．两者能够对应，不合题意．B、这是帕斯卡圆桶实验，其反应看液体的压强随着深度的增加而增大．对应的应用装置是一个喷雾器，它是利用了容器的内部气压大于外界大气压，药液在内部气压的作用下被压出喷雾器外．与液体压强无关，符合题意．C、这是一个压力小桌实验，反应了压力的作用效果与受力面积的大小有关，即增大受力面积可以减小压强．而滑雪者没有陷入雪中，也是通过滑雪板增大了受力面积，减小了人对雪的压强，两者能够对应．不合题意．D、杯中的水没有掉下来是由于大气压的作用．塑料吸盘紧紧地吸在玻璃板上也是由于大气压的作用造成的．故两者能够对应．不合题意．故选B．点评：这是一道综合性较强的题目，题目通过实验现象，让我们总结出其反应的理论；然后再与应用技术反应出来的理论对应，从物理走向生活，要会运用．二、双项选择题（每小题3分，共9分，选项不全但正确得1分，有错误选项不得分）13．（3分）（2015•黑龙江）下列说法不正确的是（）A．光在投影幕布上发生的是镜面反射B．景物在人眼视网膜上所成的像的倒立缩小的实像C．太阳能是可再生能源D．总重1000N的人和自行车在水平的路面上行驶100米，重力做功为104J考点：漫反射；眼睛及其视物原理；功的计算；能源的分类．专题：其他综合题．分析：（1）为了使教室里的每一位同学都能看到投影幕布上的画面，投影的幕布表面比较粗糙，当光线射到投影的幕布上，反射光线会射向四面八方，这种反射称为漫反射．（2）视觉的形成过程是：外界物体反射来的光线，经过角膜、房水，由瞳孔进入眼球内部，再经过晶状体和玻璃体的折射作用，在视网膜上能形成清晰的物像，物像刺激了视网膜上的感光细胞，这些感光细胞产生的神经冲动，沿着视神经传到大脑皮层的视觉中枢，就形成视觉．（3）能够源源不断的从自然界得到补充的能源叫可再生能源，如太阳能、风能、生物质能等；短期内不能从自然界得到补充的能源叫不可再生能源，如煤、石油等．（4）根据做功的两个必要条件分析．解答：解：A、投影幕粗糙不平，光线射到上面后，反射光线会朝向四面八方，这是发生漫反射的原因．故A错误；B、人眼的结构相当于一个凸透镜，那么外界物体在视网膜上所成的像是倒立缩小的实像，故B正确．C、太阳能够一直从太阳上源源不断的得到，在人类有限的年代中，太阳能是无限的，是可再生能源．故C正确；D、因为在重力的方向上没有移动距离，所以重力做功为0J．故D错误．故选AD．点评：此题考查漫反射、凸透镜成像特点、功的计算、能源的分类等多个知识点，是一道综合性很强的题目，但难度不大，掌握基础知识即可正确解题．14．（3分）（2015•黑龙江）450mL的酒精用去一半后，关于剩下的酒精，下列的说法正确的是（）A．质量和密度都是原来的一半，比热容和热值不变B．质量和内能是原来的一半，密度和比热容不变C．质量和热量是原来的一半，密度不变D．比热容和温度不变，内能是原来的一半考点：物质的基本属性．专题：其他综合题．分析：①质量是物体本身的一种属性，只有在所含物质的多少发生变化时才会改变；②密度、比热容、热值是物质的某种特性，与物质的种类和状态有关，同种燃料的密度、比热容、热值一般不变；③内能与温度有关，还与状态、压强等因素有关．解答：解：①密度、比热容是物质的特性，决定于物质的种类和状态；热值是燃料的特性，决定于燃料的种类，酒精用去一半后，种类、状态、温度没有变化，所以密度、比热容、热值不变；②质量是指物体所含物质的多少；一瓶酒精用去一半后，物质总量减半，其质量减半；③内能与温度、质量有关．酒精用去一半，分子数量减半，所以内能减半．故选BD．点评：此题主要考查学生对物质概念的理解和掌握，明确各个物理量的真正含义后，可顺利解决此题．15．（3分）（2015•黑龙江）如图为冬冬实验时所用电路，电路中电流表的量程为0～0.6A，电压表的量程为0～3V，滑动变阻器的最大值为50Ω，定值电阻R0为10Ω，电源电压为6V且保持不变，实验时操作正确并保证电路各元件安全，则在闭合开关后，移动滑片P的过程中（）A．电流表最小示数是0.3AB．滑动变阻器允许接入的最大电阻是10ΩC．电路消耗的最小功率是1.5WD．R0消耗的最大功率是3.8W考点：电路的动态分析．专题：电路和欧姆定律．分析：由电路图可知，定值电阻R0与滑动变阻器R串联，电压表测滑动变阻器两端的电压，电流表测电路中的电流．（1）当电压表的示数为3V时，电路中的电流最小，电阻R0的功率最小，滑动变阻器接入电路中的电阻最大，根据串联电路的电压特点求出R0两端的电压，根据串联电路的电流特点和欧姆定律求出电路中的最小电流和滑动变阻器接入电路中的最大阻值，根据P=UI求出电阻R0的最小功率；（2）根据欧姆定律求出滑动变阻器接入电路中的电阻为0时电路中的电流，然后与电流表的量程相比较确定电压表的最小示数．解答：解：由电路图可知，定值电阻R0与滑动变阻器R串联，电压表测滑动变阻器两端的电压，电流表测电路中的电流．A、电压表的量程为0～3V，则电压表的示数为3V时，此时电路总电阻最大，电路中的电流最小，电路消耗的总功率最小，滑动变阻器接入电路中的电阻最大，因串联电路中总电压等于各分电压之和，所以，R0两端的电压：U0=U﹣U R大=6V﹣3V=3V，因串联电路中各处的电流相等，所以，电路中的最小电流：I小===0.3A，即电流表的最小示数为0.3A，故A正确；B、滑动变阻器接入电路中的最大阻值：R大===10Ω，故B正确；C、电路消耗的最小功率：P=UI小=6V×0.3A=1.8W，故C错误；D、当滑动变阻器接入电路中的阻值为0时，电路中的电流：I大===0.6A，没有超出电流表的最大示数，R0消耗的功率最大，P0最大=I大2R=（0.6A）2×10Ω=3.6W，故D错误；故选AB．点评：本题考查了串联电路的特点和欧姆定律、电功率公式的应用，要注意根据电压表的量程确定电路中的最小电流、根据电路中的最大电流确定电压表的最小示数．二、填空题（每小题2分，共24分）16．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）导体的电阻是导体的一种性质，它的大小由材料、长度、横截面积决定的．考点：影响电阻大小的因素．专题：电压和电阻．分析：电阻是导体本身的一种性质，它的大小只与材料、长度、横截面积、温度四个因素有关，与电压无关，与电流也无关．解答：解：电阻是导体的一种性质；导体的电阻大小与它的材料、长度和横截面积有关．故答案为：长度；横截面积．点评：电阻是导体本身的属性，导体的电阻大小与导体的长度、横截面积和材料等有关，与通过电阻的电流和电阻两端电压无关．17．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）人造地球卫星广泛应用于通信、气象、国防等领域，当卫星从近地点向远地点运动的过程中，动能转化为重力势能．考点：动能和势能的转化与守恒．专题：机械能及其转化．分析：人造地球卫星在远地点时动能最小，势能最大；在近地点动能最大，势能最小．解答：解：人造地球卫星在远地点时动能最小，势能最大；在近地点动能最大，势能最小，故从远地点向近地点运动时，势能转化为动能，速度会变大；从近地点向远地点运动时，动能转化为重力势能．故答案为：动；重力势．点评：解决此题的关键是知道人造卫星在近地点和远地点的动能和势能特点，进而可以分析能量的转化问题．18．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）小光同学在操场上练习爬杆，当他从竿的顶端滑下时，感到竿烫手，说明竿的内能增大（“增大”、“不变”或“减少”），这是通过做功的方法使竿的内能改变的．考点：热传递改变物体内能．专题：热和能．分析：做功可以改变物体的内能．解答：解：当小光同学从竿的顶端滑下时，感到竿烫手，说明竿的内能增大，这是通过做功的方法使竿的内能发生改变的．故答案为：增大；做功．点评：解决此题要结合改变物体内能的方式去分析解答，属于基础题．19．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）2015年是世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，鸡西市虎头要塞是第二次世界大战终结地，其纪念碑的底座比较宽大，目的是为了减小压强，要塞监控系统的摄像头是利用凸透镜成像规律中照相机（填“照相机”或“投影仪”）的原理．考点：减小压强的方法及其应用；凸透镜成像的应用．专题：透镜及其应用；压强、液体的压强．分析：（1）减小压强的方法：在压力一定时，增大受力面积来减小压强；在受力面积一定时，减小压力来减小压强．（2）照相机和摄像头的工作原理是相同的，都是根据凸透镜成倒立、缩小的实像来工作的．解答：解：纪念碑的底座比较宽大，目的是在在压力一定时，增大受力面积来减小对地面的压强；摄像头和照相机的工作原理是相同的，都是根据凸透镜成倒立、缩小的实像工作的．故答案为：减小压强；照相机．点评：此题考查减小压强的方法和凸透镜成像规律，要求学生掌握压强大小的影响因素，利用控制变量法解释生活中有关增大和减小压强的问题．20．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）2015年6月1日，“东方之星”游轮受龙卷风的影响而倾覆，这是因为龙卷风的中心空气流速大，压强小．事故地点水深15米，此处江底受到水的压强 1.5×105Pa．考点：流体压强与流速的关系；液体的压强的计算．专题：压强、液体的压强；气体的压强、流体压强与流速的关系．分析：在流体中，流速越大的位置压强越小，流速越小的位置压强越大．根据液体压强的公式p=ρgh可计算江底的压强．解答：解：（1）龙卷风形成时，其中心的空气流速大，压强小，外围的空气流速慢，压强大；（2）水深15米处江底受到水的压强：p=ρgh=1.0×103kg/m3×10N/kg×15m=1.5×105Pa．故答案为：小；1.5×105．点评：此题考查的是流体压强与流速关系在生活中的应用以及液体压强的计算，属基础知识的考查．21．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）骑自行车远足，因其节能、环保、时尚，已经深受同学们喜爱，如图所示是自行车的一部分结构图，用力刹车时是采用增大压力的方法增大摩擦力，刹车后自行车不能立即停下来，是由于自行车具有惯性．考点：增大或减小摩擦的方法；惯性．专题：运动和力．分析：（1）增大摩擦力的方法：在接触面粗糙程度一定时，增大压力、增大摩擦力；在压力一定时，增大接触面的粗糙程度、增大摩擦力．（2）任何物体都有保持原来运动状态的性质，叫惯性．解答：解：（1）骑自行车的人刹车时用力捏闸，是通过增大压力的方法来增大摩擦力的．（2）当刹车时，由于惯性，自行车还要保持原来的运动状态继续运动，因此不能立即停下来．故答案为：增大压力；惯性．点评：平时学习物理知识时要多联系生活实际、多举例、多解释，提高利用所学物理知识分析实际问题的能力．22．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）如图所示的杠杆（自重和摩擦不计），O为支点，A处挂一重为100N的物体，为保证杠杆在水平方向平衡，在中点B处沿F2（F或F1或F2）方向施加一个最小的力为200N．考点：杠杆的动态平衡分析．。
2015龙东五市中考英语试卷
黑龙江省龙东地区2015年初中毕业学业统一考试英 语 试 题考生注意：1、考试时间120分钟2、全卷共五道大题，总分120分 第一部分 语言知识运用(共计65分)Ⅰ.Multiple choice (本题共30分,每小题1分) Choose the best answer from A, B or C according to the meaning of the sentence.( ) 1. It's ______ interesting program and it tells us how to play ______ piano.A. a; theB. an; theC. the; a( ) 2. Could you give me some ______ ? I tried several times but failed.A. noticeB. suggestionC. advice( ) 3. On Fridays, I often ______ with my sister and watch Running Man at home.A. show upB. come upC. stay up( ) 4.—How many teachers are there in your school?—______ them ______ over one hundred.A. The number of ; isB. The number of ; areC. A number of ; are( ) 5. Something _____ in our hometown since 2014. Now it ______ very modern.A. is changed; is lookedB. has changed; looksC. changed; looks( ) 6.—What about going swimming this afternoon?—You ______ be joking! Don't you know I'm afraid of water?A. mayB. canC. must( ) 7.—Jim, how do your parents like country music?—______ my dad ______ my mom likes it. They both like country music.A. Either...orB. Not only...but alsoC. Neither...nor( ) 8.—How far is it from Beijing to Haikou?—It's a______ flight from Beijing to Haikou.A. 3-hour-longB. 3 hours longC. 3 hours' long( ) 9.—Many people talk about "Didi". I really wonder ______.—You call to order a taxi through it on your mobile phone easily.A. how can I use themB. who uses them mostC. what they are used for( ) 10.—Whose room is this? Is it the______?—Yes, it is ______.A. twins'; Tom and Tim'sB. twin's; Tom's and Tim'sC. twins'; Tom and Tim( ) 11. All the students in the classroom do their homework ______.A. enough carefulB. careful enoughC. carefully enough( ) 12. You're supposed ______ your room up before you go out.A. to cleanB. cleanC. cleaning( ) 13.—What do you think of the program I am a singer Ⅲ?—______ exciting program it is! I like it very much.A. What aB. HowC. What an( ) 14.—I don't know if Sam ______ tomorrow.—Don't worry. I will tell you as soon as he ______.A. comes; will comeB. will come; comesC. will come; will come ( ) 15.—I won't get good grades_______ I study hard.—That's ______ everyone is trying his best to prepare for the exam.A. until; whyB. unless; whenC. unless; why( ) 16.—Han Hong ______ by the reporter yesterday.—She's great. She helped so many disabled people.A. was interviewedB. is interviewedC. is interviewing( ) 17. Sandy likes the actors ______ are popular among teenagers.A. whoB. whichC. whom( ) 18.—Would you like ______ cake?—Thanks, but I'm full.A. anotherB. otherC. the other( ) 19. He has never been to Beijing, ______?A. hasn't heB. has heC. doesn't he( ) 20. By the time I got back to school, the bell______.A. rangB. has rungC. had rung( ) 21. It is careless ______ him to lose his wallet again. I think it necessary ______ him to be more careful next time.A. of; toB. of; forC. for; for( ) 22. ______ of the girls will join the summer camp to visit England.A. Three fivesB. Third fifthsC. Three fifths( ) 23.—Lucy can't go mountain climbing with us tomorrow.—_________ I have to do housework at home.A. So can I.B. Neither can I.C. Neither I can.( ) 24.—Canada is one of the largest______ in the world.—That is, it is larger than ______ country in Asia.A. country; any otherB. countries; any otherC. countries; any( ) 25. He can do what he can______ the children in his neighborhood.A. helpB. to helpC. helps( ) 26.—Would you mind ______ now? It's already midnight.—Sorry, I won't.A. not singingB. not to singC. don't sing( ) 27. Parents often ______ their children______ some good living conditions.A. offer; toB. provide; forC. provide; with( ) 28.—I'm so sorry about last night. I was so impolite.—______.A. Never mindB. Go aheadC. My pleasure( ) 29.—______ will the breakfast be ready?—Just a minute.A. How muchB. How longC. How soon( ) 30. "No smoking" was mentioned as a local policy by Beijing government onJune 1st,2015.Which picture below can describe the theme?A. B. C.Ⅱ.Close test (本题共15分,每小题1分)Choose the best answer to complete the passage.Every great achievement has been the result of years of dreaming. Even in early times, people could realize the 31 of dreams. If aperson has a dream and works hard, he or she will find a way 32 bring it into success.Children do not have 33 knowledge. However, they are natural dreamers. We shouldnot 34 them. With their rich imagination, they will 35 with fantastic dreams. Historyis 36 of examples. Many great men were dreamers when they were children. One suchdreamer was Thomas Edison. He used to 37 ostracized(排斥) when he was in primaryschool, but his achievements were greater than 38 in his time.Teenagers and young people should also be 39 to dream. They had big dreams andtheir dreams 40 their lives and even the world. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates are the goodexamples. They 41 developed technology and brought great progress to humans besidesmaking money for 42 .Older people should believe that it is never 43 late to dream. Colonel Saunders 44KFC at the age of 67. Everyone has a chance to make dreams 45 .( ) 31.A.important B. importance C. most important( ) 32.A.to B. of C. for( ) 33.A.many B. a lot C. much( ) 34.A.make fun B. laugh at C. look down( ) e up B. catch up C. get on( ) 36.A.full B. filled C. fill( ) 37.A.being B. be C. been( ) 38.A.else everyone's B. everyone else's C. everyone else( ) 39.A.encouraged B. encouraging C. encourage( ) 40.A.change B. changed C. to change( ) 41.A.had B. have to C. have( ) 42.A.them B. themselves C. theirs( ) 43.A.so B. very C. too( ) 44.A.set up B. set out C. put up( ) e true B. achieve C. realizeⅢ. Communication (本题共20分, 每小题2分)(A) Choose the best choice from A to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer. Each choice should be used only once.A: Excuse me, I want to go to the National Palace Museum. 46B: You can get there by bus . I think it will come soon.A:Thank you. It's my first time here.B: So, 47A:I like it very much. It's a big city with lots of modern buildings. By the way, you aren't a student, are you?B: 48 I'm a college student. 49A:I'm going to visit my son and he lives near there.B:Oh, your bus is coming. A: 50B:You're welcome. Bye.46 47 48 49 50(B) Complete the dialogue with proper words or sentences.A:Hello, could I speak to Linda?B: 51 .A:Hi,Linda, it's Judy here. I called you at seven and you didn't pick up.52 ?B:I was taking a shower at that time.A:I see. What are you going to do this weekend?B: 53 . I don't have any plans.A: 54 ?B: Science Museum? No, I haven't.A:Would you like to go with me?B: 55 . When and where shall we meet?A:Let's meet at the school gate at eight on Saturday morning.B:That's a deal. 第二部分 阅读理解(共计40分)Ⅳ. Reading comprehension (本题共40分, A, D 每小题1分, B, C,E 每小题2分)( A )( ) 56.A"Gap Year" is a period of time when a student takes a break before going touniversity. It is often spent travelling or working. It can give young people useful learning experiences and new skills. It's very popular in foreign countries.( ) 57.Although you don't have to go abroad to experience gap years, most gap year students catch the chance to travel abroad. You are able to work out who you are and what you are for. The experiences of different cultures offer you interesting lessons. You can learn more about the world and get to know yourself better.( ) 58.A gap year is not only a time to take a vacation, but also a time to face challenges. Gap year students usually work, volunteer or take service projects. You have to learn how to get along in the real world. This process isn't always easy, but it is an important part of growing up. Only in this way can you enjoy life and have fun.( ) 59.There's a common thought that gap years are only for rich students, but it's not true. Actually, taking a gap year can save your money. Gap year students often take a part-time job. Besides, at the end of a gap year, students are much more likely to know what to study in college. Clear learning goals can keep the students working hard instead of wasting time and money playing.( ) 60.Imagine an admission officer trying to admit(录取) only one between two students. Both of them are excellent and have high grades. However, one student has much practical experience or has volunteered in his vacation. Who do you think the admission officer will choose?Choose the best topic from A to F according to the meaning of the passage.( B )"The grass looks greener on the other side of the fence. "That's an old saying in English. It means other places often look better, more interesting than the place where you live. Some people worry that young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring Chinese culture and, instead, buying Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and even celebrating Western holidays.Foreign books and soap operas are good, but Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with Mid-Autumn Festival. And let's not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: its friendliness. Not all countries are as warm as China.It's good to enjoy other cultures and to learn from them, but they cannot replace your own culture. It's good to look on the other side of the fence, but make sure you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isn't always greener on the other side of the fence.Judge the following sentences true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.( ) 61.The Spring Festival is more meaningful for Chinese people.( ) 62.The saying means the place where you live looks better than other places.( ) 63.Foreign culture can't replace Chinese culture.( ) 64.Some people worry that young Chinese ignore Chinese culture.( ) 65. This passage mentioned three Chinese festivals.( C )Choose the best choice from A, B or C according to what you read.( ) 66.Where can you learn to play the drums?A. In Music ClubB. In National parkC. In Art Museum( ) 67.If you want to ride a horse, you can go to .A.25 Jiefang RoadB.120 Xinjin StreetC.95 the Fifth Avenue( ) 68.You are eleven. If you and your parents visit Art Museum, how much should you pay?A.$10B.$15.50C.$25.50( ) 69.If you want to know more information about boating, you can call .A.420-258-1200B.208-683-3400C.307-864-2997( ) 70.Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?A. You can pay $20 each for the guitar lesson.B. There are no pictures in Art Museum.C. A 15-year-old boy can pay $15 for riding a horse.( D )Robert was a clever boy and got on well with his classmates. After he left the middle school,one of his legs was hurt in a traffic accident. He had to go back to his village and help his fatherto manage the farm. He read a lot of books on farming and did well in it. He got much moneyand bought a few farms.Ten years later, he became the richest farmer in his village. One day, Robert met severalfriends in London. He asked them to visit his farm. They saw a beautiful house with a big gardenwhen his friends got there. They found he had a lot of sheep, pigs and cows. It was so large thatthey couldn't see the other end."It'll take you two days to reach the other end of my farm by car!" Robert said happily."Are you kidding? I think something is wrong with your car!" One of the guests said with a smile.Fill in the blanks according to the passage .Only one word for each blank.Robert was a clever and friendly boy. After he finished middle school, he hurt one of his legs in a traffic accident. He had to 71 to his village and helped his father on the farm. He was 72 at farming. He made a lot of money and bought some farms. 73 ten years, he was very rich. One day, he invited some friends to visit his farm. The farm was 74 large to see the other end. Robert said, "You'll 75 two days reaching the other end by car." His friend laughed at him.7172737475( E)Some time ago, an old businessman had a large store in Boston. He wanted a boy to work for him, and he put an advertisement in the newspaper. The next morning, many boys came to the old man's office, asking for the job.There was a post(柱子)by his desk, and there was a nail(钉子）in it. He took a walking stick and said, "Everyone has three chances. If anyone can hit the nail on the head with this stick more than once, I will give him the job."The boys thought it was easy. They all tried, but nobody could make it. So the old man said, "I'm sorry I can't take any of you."And they left.He kept the advertisement in the paper, and the next morning many more boys came, and among them he saw a thin boy who had been there the day before. The boy hit the nail successfully for three times. The old man felt surprised and asked how he did that. "Yes," said the boy, "I failed yesterday, but I thought that if I kept on trying a while, I could do it. So I went home and practiced hitting a nail with a stick till I could do it, and I got up very early this morning, and tried again."The old man said, "You are the boy for me." And he gave him the job. Whatever the boy had to do, he tried to do his best. It was not very long before he became the best clerk in the store.Answer the questions according to the passage.76.What could they use to hit the nail?77.How many chances could everyone have to hit the nail?78.Who got the job on the first day?79.Did the boys know the advertisement on TV or in the newspaper?80.Why could the boy hit the nail successfully?第三部分书面表达 (共计15分)Ⅴ.Writing ( 本题共15分，其中81题5分，82题10分)（注意：文中不能出现考生真实姓名、校名和师名，否则不得分）81.假如你是John Smith, 下周六是你的生日，你邀请你的同学Jimmy参加你的生日聚会。
黑龙江省龙东地区2015年中考历史试题(word版,含答案)
黑龙江省龙东地区2015年初中毕业学业统一考试历史试题一、单项选择题（每小题只有一个正确选项，每题2分，共40分）1.过上农耕生活的原始居民已经会建立房屋。
右图所示，居住在该样式房屋中的原始居民分别是（）A.元谋人和半坡人B.元谋人和北京人C.河姆渡人和北京人D.河姆渡人和半坡人2.2015年3月，国务院发布《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》，建设“一带一路”。
西汉时期为开拓丝绸之路作出重要贡献的是（）A.张骞B.卫靑C.蒙恬D.霍去病3.近年来穿越剧受到青少年的青睐。
穿越时空，回到隋朝，你可能看到和听到（）①家住余杭的张兄坐船游大运输河来到涿郡②寒门书生王某通过科举考试获得官职③松赞干布与文成公主成婚④东京商业区内，人们用交子购买生活用品A.①②③④B.①②C.③④D.②③④4.“五年一小庆，十年一大庆。
”今年是下列哪些历史事务110周年纪念（）①废除科举制②京张铁路的修建③中国同盟会成立④陈独秀在上海创办《靑年杂志》A.①②③④B.①②③C.①②D.③④5.我国化学工业的主要奠基人之一，被称为“世界制碱权威”（）A.侯德榜B.李四光C.冯如D.詹天佑6.以往人们穿着长袍马褂，梳着长辫子，相互交谈和通信多称呼对方为大人、老爷。
易服饰、剪发辫、改称呼等礼节出现在（）A.太平天国运动期间B.洋务运动期间C.辛亥革命期间D.戊戌变法期间7.毛泽东是一位划时代的伟人，是一代宏大的革命领导人中出类拔萃的一位。
下列与毛泽东有关的历史事务（）①建立新中国②遵义会议③带领中国人民走上社会主义道路④中国共产党成立⑤重庆谈判⑥中共七大.A.①②③④⑤⑥B.②③④⑤⑥C.①③④⑤⑥D.①②④⑤⑥8.不同时代的宣扬画体现了不同的时代风貌。
下面两幅宣扬画出现在哪一运动时期（）A.农业合作化运动B.农业集体化运动C.文化大革命运动D.“大跃进”运动9.为了加快少数民族地区的发展，缩小东西部地区之间的贫富差距，扩大内需，党中心实行（）A.可持续发展战略 B.西部大开发战略 C.放宽政策 D.搞活经济政策10,改革开放后，我国渐渐形成了一个全方位、多层次、宽领域的对外开放格局。
2015年龙东地区中考数学试卷及答案
CBAO第7题图第3题图O C B A D 第10题图xy A 3A 2A 1AOB黑龙江省龙东地区2015年初中毕业学业统一考试数 学 试 题考生注意：1、考试时间120分钟2、全卷共三道大题，总分120分题 号 一 二 三总 分 核分人21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 得 分一、填空题（每题3分，满分30分）1.2015年1月29日，联合国贸易和发展会议公布的《全球投资趋势报告》称，2014年 中国吸引外国投资达1280亿美元，成为全球外国投资第一大目的地国.1280亿美元用科学记数法表示为__________美元.2.在函数12+=x y 中，自变量x 的取值范围是__________.3.如图,菱形ABCD 中,对角线AC 、BD 相交于点O ，不添加任何辅助线， 请添加一个条件_________,使四边形ABCD 是正方形（填一个即可）.4.在一个口袋中有5个除颜色外完全相同的小球，其中有3个黄球，1个黑球，1个白球，从中随机地摸出一个小球，则摸到黄球的概率是__________.5.不等式组⎩⎨⎧++>+x x xx 4 23215的解集是__________.6.关于x 的分式方程02142=+--x x m 无解，则m =__________.7.如图,从直径是2米的圆形铁皮上剪出一个圆心角是90°的扇形ABC(A 、B 、C 三点在⊙O 上)，将剪下来的扇形围成一个圆锥的侧面，则该圆锥的底面圆的半径是__________米. 8.某超市“五一放价”优惠顾客，若一次性购物不超过300元不优惠，超过300元时按全额9折优惠.一位顾客第一次购物付款180元，第二次购物付款288元，若这两次购物合并成一次性付款可节省__________元.9.正方形ABCD 的边长是4，点P 是AD 边的中点，点E 是正方形边上的一点，若△PBE 是等腰三角形，则腰长为__________. 10.如图,在平面直角坐标系中, 点A(0,3)、B （-1，0），过点A 作AB 的垂线交x 轴于点A 1，过点A 1作A A 1的垂线交y 轴于点A 2，过点A 2作A 1A 2的垂线交x 轴于点A 3……按此规律继续作下去，直至得到点A 2015为止，则点A 2015坐标为__________.本考场试卷序号 （ 由监考填写）得分评卷人≤G E BCA DH第20题图DCBAoh xoh xoh xohx二、选择题（每题3分，满分30分）11.下列各运算中，计算正确的是 （ ）A.532a a a =+B.326a a a =÷ C.(-2)-1=2 D.632)(a a =12.下列图形中,既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形的是 （ ）13.关于反比例函数xy 2-=，下列说法正确的是 ( ) A.图象过（1，2）点 B.图象在第一、三象限 C.当0>x 时,y 随x 的增大而减小 D.当0<x 时, y 随x 的增大而增大14.由几个相同的小正方体搭成的一个几何体如图所示,这个几何体的主视图是 ( )15.近十天每天平均气温（C °）统计如下：24，23，22，24，24，27，30，31，30，29.关于这10个数据下列说法不．正确的是 ( ) A.众数是24 B.中位数是26 C.平均数是26.4 D.极差是916.如图所示的容器内装满水,打开排水管,容器内的水匀速流出,则容器内液面的高度h 随时间x 变化的函数图象最接近实际情况的是 ( )17.如图,⊙O 的半径是2,AB 是⊙O 的弦，点P 是弦 AB 上的动点，且1≤OP ≤2，则弦AB所对的圆周角的度数是 ( ) A.60° B. 120° C. 60°或120° D. 30°或150°18.△ABC 中,AB=AC=5,BC=8,点P 是BC 边上的动点,过点P 作PD ⊥AB 于点D,PE ⊥AC 于点E,则PD+PE 的长是 ( ) A.4.8 B.4.8或3.8 C.3.8 D.519.为推进课改，王老师把班级里40名学生分成若干小组，每小组只能是5人或6人，则有几种分组方案. ( ) A.4 B.3 C.2 D.120.如图，正方形ABCD 中，点E 是AD 边中点， BD 、CE 交于点H ， BE 、AH 交于点G ，则下列结论：① AG ⊥BE;② BG=4GE;③ CHD BHE S S ∆∆=;④ ∠AHB=∠EHD.其中正确的个数是 ( ) A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4得分评卷人C BD A三、解答题（满分60分）21.（本题满分5分）先化简，再求值: 121)1(222++-÷+-x x x x x x , 其中=x sin30°.22.(本题满分6分)如图,正方形网格中,每个小正方形的边长都是一个单位长度, 在平面直角坐标系内, △ABC 的三个顶点坐标分别为A(2,-4),B(4,-4),C(1,-1).（1）画出△ABC 关于y 轴对称的△A 1B 1C 1,直接写出 点A 1的坐标____________.（2）画出△ABC 绕点O 逆时针旋转90°后的△A 2B 2C 2. （3）在(2)的条件下,求线段BC 扫过的面积（结果保留π）.得分评卷人得分评卷人xy o第22题图图（2）图（1）第24题图5101520打太极球类快走广场舞跑步人数健身方式317185跑步广场舞快走球类打太极36%O23.（本题满分6分）如图,抛物线c bx x y +-=2交x 轴于点A(1,0),交y 轴于点B,对称轴是x =2.（1）求抛物线的解析式.（2）点P 是抛物线对称轴上的一个动点,是否存在点P,使△PAB 的周长最小？若存在,求出点P 的坐标；若不存在,请说明理由.24.（本题满分7分）学生对小区居民的健身方式进行调查,并将调查结果绘制成如下两幅不完整的统计图.请根据所给信息解答下列问题: (1)本次共调查_________人.(2)补全图(1)中的条形统计图,图(2)中“跑步”所在扇形对应的圆心角度数是_______. (3)估计2000人中喜欢打太极的大约有多少人？25．（本题满分8分）某天早晨，张强从家跑步去体育场锻炼，同时妈妈从体育场晨练结束回家，途中两人相遇，张强跑到体育场后发现要下雨，立即按原路返回，遇到妈妈后两人一起回到家(张强和妈妈始终在同一条笔直的公路上行走).如图是两人离家的距离y （米）与张强出发的时间x (分)之间的函数图象.根据图象信息得分 评卷人得分评卷人得分 评卷人第26题图图（3）图（2）图（1）(F)F B'ABB'ABB'ABD C C D C D EEE F 解答下列问题：(1)求张强返回时的速度.(2)妈妈比按原速返回提前多少分钟到家？ (3)请直接写出张强与妈妈何时相距1000米？26．（本题满分8分） 如图，四边形ABCD 是正方形，点E 在直线BC 上，连接AE ，将 △ABE 沿AE 所在直线折叠，点B 的对应点是点B ′，连接AB ′并延长交直线DC 于点F.(1) 当点F 与点C 重合时如图（1），易证：DF+BE=AF （不需证明）.(2) 当点F 在DC 的延长线上时如图（2）,当点F 在CD 的延长线上时如图（3），线段DF 、BE 、AF 有怎样的数量关系？请直接写出你的猜想，并选择一种情况给予证明.得分 评卷人27.（本题满分10分）得分评卷人某企业开展献爱心扶贫活动，将购买的60吨大米运往贫困地区帮扶贫困居民，现有甲、乙两种货车可以租用.已知一辆甲种货车和3辆乙种货车一次可运送29吨大米，2辆甲种货车和3辆乙种货车一次可运送37吨大米.（1）求每辆甲种货车和每辆乙种货车一次分别能装运多少吨大米？（2）已知甲种货车每辆租金为500元, 乙种货车每辆租金为450元,该企业共租用8辆货车.请求出租用货车的总费用w(元)与租用甲种货车的数量x(辆)之间的函数关系式. （3）在（2）的条件下，请你为该企业设计如何租车费用最少？并求出最少费用是多少元？28.（本题满分10分）如图,四边形OABC 是矩形,点A 、C 在坐标轴上，△ODE 是由△OCB 绕点O 顺时针旋转90°得到的,点D 在x 轴上，直线BD 交y 轴于点F,交OE 于点H,线段BC 、OC 的长是方程0862=+-x x 的两个根，且OC ＞BC. （1）求直线BD 的解析式. （2）求 △OFH 的面积.（3）点M 在坐标轴上，平面内是否存在点N ，使以点D 、F 、M 、N 为顶点的四边形是矩形？若存在，请直接写出点N 的坐标；若不存在，请说明理由.得分评卷人y H FE DBC AO第28题图x黑龙江省龙东地区2015年初中毕业学业统一考试数学试题参考答案及评分标准一、填空（每题3分，共30分） 1、1.28×10112、x ≥-213、AC=BD(或∠ABC=90°等)4、 53 5、2≤x ＜4 6、m=0或m=-4 7、428、18或46.8 9、52或25或265 10、)0,3(1008-二、选择题（每题3分，共30分）11、D 12、C 13、D 14、A 15、B 16、A 17、C 18、A 19、C 20、D 三、解答题（满分60分） 21、（本题满分5分）解：原式=)1)(1()1()111(2-++⨯+-x x x x ………………………………………1分 =111-+•+x x x x ……………………………………………………1分 = 1-x x……………………………………………………1分当°30sin =x =21时 ………………………………………………1分 原式= 2121- = -1 ……………………………………………………1分22、（本题满分6分） 解：（1）A 1(-2,-4),正确画出对称后的图形, …………………………………2分(2) 正确画出旋转后的图形 ……………………………………………2分 （3）])2(24[4122ππ-）（=215π …………………………………………2分 23、（本题满分6分） 解：（1）根据题意得 C(3，0)……………………………………………………1分9-3b+c=01-b+c=0 …………………………………………………………1分解得b=4c=3 ………………………………………………………1分所以二次函数的解析式为y=x 2－4x+3 …………………………………1分(2) 设BC 解析式为y=kx+b (k ≠0) 根据题意:⎩⎨⎧=+=033b k b 解得:⎩⎨⎧-==13k b ∴3+-=x y ………1分当x=2时,y=1∴ P （2，1） …………………………………1分 24、（本题满分7分）解：(1)50 ……………………………………………2分(2)补全条形图的高度是7，“跑步”所在扇形圆心角36° …………3分 (3)2000×6%=120（人） …………………………………………1分 答：2000人中喜欢打太极的人大约有120人。
2015黑龙江龙东(word)中考
黑龙江省龙东地区2015年初中毕业学业统一考试物 理 试 题考生注意：1.考试时间90分钟,全卷共六道大题，总分100分.3一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共24分）1.下列说法与实际最相符的是 （ ） A.一个鸡蛋的质量大约是5gB.人正常体温约为37℃C.教室房间的高度为4dmD.人步行的速度约为5m/s 2.下列有关声现象的说法中，正确的是 （ ） A.声源的振动频率越高，发出声音的响度就越大 B.声音在真空中的传播速度是3×108m/sC.主要交通道路上设置的噪声强度显示仪不可以消除噪声D.次声波的频率大于20赫兹3.下列现象，由于光的直线传播形成的是 （ ）4. “林都”伊春，一年四季风景如画，下列现象的成因不属于物态变化的是（ ） A.春天冰雪消融 B.夏天的早晨，河面飘荡着的白雾C.秋天果香扑鼻D.冬天，飘落的雪花5.下列四幅图中能说明电动机原理的是 （ ）B.倒影 A.手影C.铅笔“折”了D.彩虹 Ａ Ｂ Ｃ Ｄ甲 乙 丙 丁6.简单机械在我们的生活中应用很广泛，下图是使用简单机械匀速提升同一物体的四种方式（不计机械重和摩擦），其中不省力的是 ( )7.如图所示，工人用250N 的力将重400N 的物体匀速提升2m ，共用了10秒，若在此过程中（忽略绳重和摩擦），下列说法正确的是 （ ） A.绳子自由端移动的距离是6m B.动滑轮的重是10NC.工人做功的功率是80WD.滑轮组的机械效率是80％8.如图所示，当滑动变阻器滑片P 向右移动时，下列判断正确的是 （ ） A.电压表的示数不变，电流表A 1的示数变大，A 2的示数变小 B.电压表的示数不变, 电流表A 1的示数不变，A 2 的示数变大 C.电压表的示数与A 1的示数的比值变大，A 2 的示数变小 D.电压表的示数与A 1的示数的比值不变，A 2 的示数变小9.如图是新安装的照明电路，已知两个灯泡并联，灯泡的灯头接线存在一处故障，小刚学电工的检修方法，在保险丝处接入一个“220V 40W ”的灯泡，当只闭合S 、S 1时，L 0和 L 1都呈暗红色；当只闭合S 、S 2时，L 0正常发光，L 2不发光，由此可以确定 （ ）A.Ｌ１灯头断路 B ．L 2灯头短路 C.Ｌ１灯头短路 D.L 2灯头断路 10.小健学习电学知识后，认识到安全用电很重要,下图符合安全用电原则的是 （ ）A.甲图：人靠近高压带电体B.乙图：电视机天线与电线接触C.丙图：电动机外壳没有接地D.丁图：电水壶用三角插头第7题图 第9题图 第8题图A B C D 2l F 1BC D11.下列说法正确的是 （ ）A.物体受平衡力的作用一定处于静止状态B.力是改变物体运动状态的原因C.惯性的大小与速度有关D.同种电荷相吸引，异种电荷相排斥12.如图的实验现象所揭示的物理原理或规律所对应的技术应用不正确的是 （ ）二、双项选择题（每小题3分，共9分。
黑龙江龙东2015年中考语文现代文阅读真题
黑龙江龙东2015年中考语文现代文阅读真题高大上的“正”字计数法①苏格兰公投落下帷幕之际，吸引人们眼球的不仅仅是票选的结果，更有英国人那奇葩的计票方式。
从新闻照片里可以清楚地看到，统计选票的人竟然是在纸上一条条地画竖杠杠，视觉效果非常凌乱。
这引得人们议论纷纷：“想不到发达国家竟然采取这种刀耕火种的计数方式。
”②对比之下，我国的“正”字计数法立刻显得又机智又高端。
这个方法广泛流行于庙堂之上和群众之间，为大家所喜闻乐见。
五笔一字，整齐划一，视觉效果简洁明了，能够大大提高统计效率。
相信很多小伙伴从小学选班委开始就用“正”字计数，一路画“正”直到现在。
③这么好用的方法，究竟是谁先想到的呢？“正”字曾经是古代大数单位之一。
汉代《数术记遗》中记载的大数有：亿、兆、京、垓、秭、壤、沟、涧、正、载。
又因为“数有十等，若言十万曰亿，则十亿曰兆，十兆曰京也。
”以此类推，“正”代表一个相当大的计数单位。
④至于真正使用“正”字来一笔一画计数，则要追溯到清末民初的上海。
在旧上海，起初进戏园看戏并不采用凭戏票制度，仅由服务人员领座，由善写计数的服务人员将卖座情况写在“大水牌”上注明。
由于时间急促，恐怕误记，同时为了稽核总数，所以每满五个看客，就写一个“正”字，或者是领一个看客就画上一笔，画上五笔便成一个“正”字，随后再去收费。
后来看戏的人增多，戏园规模扩大，用水牌计票的方法逐渐被戏票所取代，但“正”字的计票方法却被商家和选举计票所借鉴，广泛应用起来。
⑤明治维新之后，日本也开始采用这种计数方法。
此前的江户时代，他们曾使用“玉”字来计数，同样是五画为一个单位。
由于绝大多数人生来就具有十根手指，因而在进化史中促成了十进制的广泛采用，而五画字和五画符号便于十进制计数，在许多国家和地区都曾被使用过。
但在所有五画字中，只有“正”字字形规矩简洁，只由横竖构成，没有哪两笔首尾相连，甚至连每一画的长度都大致相等。
所以，作为计数符号，没有比它更合适的了。
龙东地区2015年中考英语试题含答案版
黑龙江省龙东地区2015年中考英语试题Ⅰ.Multiple choice (本题共30分,每小题1分)Choose the best answer from A, B or C according to the meaning of the sentence. ( ) 1. It's ______ interesting program and it tells us how to play ______ piano.A. a; theB. an; theC. the; a( ) 2. Could you give me some ______ ? I tried several times but failed.A. noticeB. suggestionC. advice( ) 3. On Fridays, I often ______ with my sister and watch Running Man at home.A. show upB. come upC. stay up( ) 4.—How many teachers are there in your school?—______ them ______ over one hundred.A. The number of ; isB. The number of ; areC. A number of ; are( ) 5. Something _____ in our hometown since 2014. Now it ______ very modern.A. is changed; is lookedB. has changed; looksC. changed; looks( ) 6.—What about going swimming this afternoon?—You ______ be joking! Don't you know I'm afraid of water?A. mayB. canC. must( ) 7.—Jim, how do your parents like country music?—______ my dad ______ my mom likes it. They both like country music.A. Either...orB. Not only...but alsoC. Neither...nor( ) 8.—How far is it from Beijing to Haikou?—It's a______ flight from Beijing to Haikou.A. 3-hour-longB. 3 hours longC. 3 hours' long( ) 9.—Many people talk about "Didi". I really wonder ______.—You call to order a taxi through it on your mobile phone easily.A. how can I use themB. who uses them mostC. what they are used for( ) 10.—Whose room is this? Is it the______?—Yes, it is ______.A. twins'; Tom and Tim'sB. twin's; Tom's and Tim'sC. twins'; Tom and Tim( ) 11. All the students in the classroom do their homework ______.A. enough carefulB. careful enoughC. carefully enough( ) 12. You're supposed ______ your room up before you go out.A. to cleanB. cleanC. cleaning( ) 13.—What do you think of the program I am a singer Ⅲ?—______ exciting program it is! I like it very much.A. What aB. HowC. What an( ) 14.—I don't know if Sam ______ tomorrow.—Don't worry. I will tell you as soon as he ______.A. comes; will comeB. will come; comesC. will come; will come( ) 15.—I won't get good grades_______ I study hard.—That's ______ everyone is trying his best to prepare for the exam.A. until; whyB. unless; whenC. unless; why( ) 16.—Han Hong ______ by the reporter yesterday.—She's great. She helped so many disabled people.A. was interviewedB. is interviewedC. is interviewing( ) 17. Sandy likes the actors ______ are popular among teenagers.A. whoB. whichC. whom( ) 18.—Would you like ______ cake?—Thanks, but I'm full.A. anotherB. otherC. the other( ) 19. He has never been to Beijing, ______?A. hasn't heB. has heC. doesn't he( ) 20. By the time I got back to school, the bell______.A. rangB. has rungC. had rung( ) 21. It is careless ______ him to lose his wallet again. I think it necessary ______ him tobe more careful next time.A. of; toB. of; forC. for; for( ) 22. ______ of the girls will join the summer camp to visit England.A. Three fivesB. Third fifthsC. Three fifths( ) 23.—Lucy can't go mountain climbing with us tomorrow.—_________ I have to do housework at home.A. So can I.B. Neither can I.C. Neither I can.( ) 24.—Canada is one of the largest______ in the world.—That is, it is larger than ______ country in Asia.A. country; any otherB. countries; any otherC. countries; any( ) 25. He can do what he can______ the children in his neighborhood.A. helpB. to helpC. helps( ) 26.—Would you mind ______ now? It's already midnight.—Sorry, I won't.A. not singingB. not to singC. don't sing( ) 27. Parents often ______ their children______ some good living conditions.A. offer; toB. provide; forC. provide; with( ) 28.—I'm so sorry about last night. I was so impolite.—______.A. Never mindB. Go aheadC. My pleasure( ) 29.—______ will the breakfast be ready?—Just a minute.A. How muchB. How longC. How soon( ) 30. "No smoking" was mentioned as a local policy by Beijing government onJune 1st,2015.Which picture below can describe the theme?A. B. C.Ⅱ.Close test (本题共15分,每小题1分)Choose the best answer to complete the passage.Every great achievement has been the result of years of dreaming. Even in early times, people could realize the 1 of dreams. If a person has a dream and works hard, he or she will find a way 2 bring it into success.Children do not have 3 knowledge. However, they are natural dreamers. We should not 4 them. With their rich imagination, they will 5 with fantastic dreams. History is 6 of examples. Many great men were dreamers when they were children. One such dreamer was Thomas Edison. He used to 7 ostracized(排斥) when he was in primary school, but his achievements were greater than 8 in his time.Teenagers and young people should also be 9 to dream. They had big dreams and their dreams 10 their lives and even the world. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates are the good examples. They 11 developed technology and brought great progress to humans besides making money for 12 .Older people should believe that it is never 13 late to dream. Colonel Saunders 14 KFC at the age of 67. Everyone has a chance to make dreams 15 .( ) 1.A.important B. importance C. most important( ) 2.A.to B. of C. for( ) 3.A.many B. a lot C. much( ) 4.A.make fun B. laugh at C. look down ( ) e up B. catch upC. get on( ) 6.A.full B. filled C. fill ( ) 7.A.being B. be C. been ( ) 8.A.else everyone's B. everyone else's C. everyone else ( ) 9.A.encouraged B. encouraging C. encourage ( ) 10.A.change B. changed C. to change ( ) 11.A.had B. have to C. have ( ) 12.A.them B. themselves C. theirs ( ) 13.A.so B. very C. too ( ) 14.A.set up B. set out C. put up ( ) e true B. achieveC. RealizeⅢ. Communication (本题共20分, 每小题2分)(A) Choose the best choice from A to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer. Each choice should be used only once. A: Excuse me, I want to go to the National Palace Museum. 1 B: You can get there by bus . I think it will come soon. A:Thank you. It's my first time here. B: So, 2A:I like it very much. It's a big city with lots of modern buildings. By the way, you aren't a student, are you?B: 3 I'm a college student. 4 A:I'm going to visit my son and he lives near there. B:Oh, your bus is coming. A: 5 B:You're welcome. Bye.1 2 3 4 5(B) Complete the dialogue with proper words or sentences. A:Hello, could I speak to Linda?B: 1 . A:Hi,Linda, it's Judy here. I called you at seven and you didn't pick up. 2 ? B:I was taking a shower at that time.A:I see. What are you going to do this weekend? B: 3 . I don't have any plans.A: 4 ? B: Science Museum? No, I haven't. A:Would you like to go with me?B: 5 . When and where shall we meet? A:Let's meet at the school gate at eight on Saturday morning. B:That's a deal.Ⅳ. Reading comprehension (本题共40分, A, D 每小题1分, B, C, E 每小题2分)( A )( ) .A"Gap Year" is a period of time when a student takes a break before going to university. It is often spent travelling or working. It can give young people useful learning experiences and new skills. It's very popular in foreign countries.( ) .Although you don't have to go abroad to experience gap years, most gap year students catch the chance to travel abroad. Youare able towork out who you are and what you are for. The experiences of different cultures offer you interesting lessons. You can learn more about the world and get to know yourself better.( ) .A gap year is not only a time to take a vacation, but also a time to face challenges. Gap year students usually work, volunteer or take service projects. You have to learn how to get along in the real world. This process isn't always easy, but it is an important part of growing up. Only in this way can you enjoy life and have fun.( ) .There's a common thought that gap years are only for rich students, but it's not true. Actually, taking a gap year can save your money. Gap year students often take a part-time job. Besides, at the end of a gap year, students are much more likely to know what to study in college. Clear learning goals can keep the students working hard instead of wasting time and money playing.( ) 5.Imagine an admission officer trying to admit(录取) only one between two students. Both of them are excellent and have high grades. However, one student has much practical experience or has volunteered in his vacation. Who do you think the admission officer will choose? Choose the best topic from A to F according to the meaning of the passage.old saying in English. It means other places often look better, more Chinese culture and, instead, buying Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and even celebrating Western holidays.Foreign books and soap operas are good, but Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with Mid-Autumn Festival. And let's not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: its friendliness. Not all countries are as warm as China.It's good to enjoy other cultures and to learn from them, but they cannot replace your own culture. It's good to look on the other side of the fence, but make sure you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isn't always greener on the other side of the fence.Judge the following sentences true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.( ) 1.The Spring Festival is more meaningful for Chinese people.( ) 2.The saying means the place where you live looks better than other places. ( ) 3.Foreign culture can't replace Chinese culture.( ) 4.Some people worry that young Chinese ignore Chinese culture.( ) 5. This passage mentioned three Chinese festivals.( C )( ( A.25 Jiefang Road B.120 Xinjin Street C.95 the Fifth Avenue( ) 3.You are eleven. If you and your parents visit Art Museum, how much should you pay?A.$10B.$15.50C.$25.50( ) 4.If you want to know more information about boating, you can call .A.420-258-1200B.208-683-3400C.307-864-2997( ) 5.Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?A. You can pay $20 each for the guitar lesson.B. There are no pictures in Art Museum.C. A 15-year-old boy can pay $15 for riding a horse.( D )Robert was a clever boy and got on well with his classmates. After he left the middle school, one of his legs was hurt in a traffic accident. He had to go back to his village and help his father to manage the farm. He read a lot of books on farming and did well in it. He got much money and bought a few farms.Ten years later, he became the richest farmer in his village. One day, Robert met several friends in London. He asked them to visit his farm. They saw a beautiful house with a big garden when his friends got there. They found he had a lot of sheep, pigs and cows. It was so large that they couldn't see the other end."It'll take you two days to reach the other end of my farm by car!" Robert said happily."Are you kidding? I think something is wrong with your car!" One of the guests said with a smile.Fill in the blanks according to the passage .Only one word for each blank.Robert was a clever and friendly boy. After he finished middle school, he hurt one of his legs in a traffic accident. He had to 1 to his village and helped his father on the farm. He was 2 at farming. He made a lot of money and bought some farms. 3 ten years, he was very rich. One day, he invited some friends to visit his farm. The farm was 4 large to see the other end. Robert said, "You'll 5 two days reaching the other end by car." His friend laughed at him.1 2 3 4 5( E)Some time ago, an old businessman had a large store in Boston. He wanted a boy to work for him, and he put an advertisement in the newspaper. The next morning, many boys came to the old man's office, asking for the job.There was a post(柱子)by his desk, and there was a nail(钉子）in it. He took a walking stick and said, "Everyone has three chances. If anyone can hit the nail on the head with this stick more than once, I will give him the job."The boys thought it was easy. They all tried, but nobody could make it. So the old man said, "I'm sorry I can't take any of you."And they left.He kept the advertisement in the paper, and the next morning many more boys came, and among them he saw a thin boy who had been there the day before. The boy hit the nail successfully for three times. The old man felt surprised and asked how he did that. "Yes," said the boy, "I failed yesterday, but I thought that if I kept on trying a while, I could do it. So I went home and practiced hitting a nail with a stick till I could do it, and I got up very early this morning, and tried again."The old man said, "You are the boy for me." And he gave him the job. Whatever the boy had to do, he tried to do his best. It was not very long before he became the best clerk in the store.Answer the questions according to the passage.1.What could they use to hit the nail?2.How many chances could everyone have to hit the nail?3.Who got the job on the first day?4.Did the boys know the advertisement on TV or in the newspaper?5.Why could the boy hit the nail successfully?Ⅴ.Writing 书面表达( 本题共15分，其中81题5分，82题10分)（注意：文中不能出现考生真实姓名、校名和师名，否则不得分）（Ⅰ）假如你是John Smith, 下周六是你的生日，你邀请你的同学Jimmy参加你的生日聚会。
黑龙江省龙东地区2015年中考化学试卷(解析版)参考word
黑龙江省龙东地区2015年中考化学试卷一、选择题（本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分，每小题只有一个正确选项）1．下列变化属于化学变化的是（）A．酒精挥发B．冰雪融化C．燃放礼花D．蔗糖溶解考点：化学变化和物理变化的判别．专题：物质的变化与性质．分析：化学变化是指有新物质生成的变化，物理变化是指没有新物质生成的变化，化学变化和物理变化的本质区别是否有新物质生成；据此分析判断．解答：解：A、酒精挥发过程中只是状态发生改变，没有新物质生成，属于物理变化．B、冰雪融化过程中只是状态发生改变，没有新物质生成，属于物理变化．C、燃放礼花过程中有新物质二氧化碳等生成，属于化学变化．D、蔗糖溶解过程中没有新物质生成，属于物理变化．故选C．点评：本题难度不大，解答时要分析变化过程中是否有新物质生成，若没有新物质生成属于物理变化，若有新物质生成属于化学变化．2．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列实验中，可验证物质的化学性质的是（）A．金属刻划B．闻气味C．石墨导电D．鲜花变色考点：化学性质与物理性质的差别及应用．专题：物质的变化与性质．分析：物理性质是指物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质．化学性质是指物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质．判断物理性质还是化学性质的关键就是看表现物质的性质时是否有新物质产生．解答：解：A、金属刻划，可以比较金属的硬度，不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，属于物理性质；B、闻气味，可知气体的气味，不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，属于物理性质；C、石墨导电，说明了石墨有优良的导电性，不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，属于物理性质；D、白醋使鲜花变色，需要发生化学变化表现出来的性质，属于化学性质．故选D．点评：解答本题的关键是要分析物质的性质是否需要通过化学变化表现出来，如果需要化学变化才能表现出来的性质就属于物质的化学性质．3．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列有关“化学之最”的说法中不正确的是（）A．空气中含量最多的气体是氮气B．最轻的气体是氢气C．最小的粒子是原子D．天然存在的最硬的物质是金刚石考点：有关化学之最．专题：课本知识同类信息．分析：根据常见的化学之最的知识（空气中含量最多的气体、地壳中与人体中元素含量、人体中含量最高的金属、天然存在的最硬物质等）进行分析判断即可．解答：解：A、空气中含量最多的气体是氮气（按体积分数计算），约占78%，故选项说法正确．B、氢气是密度最小的气体，故选项说法正确．C、在化学变化中，最小的粒子是原子，原子又是由更小的微粒构成的，故选项说法错误．D、天然存在的最硬的物质是金刚石，故选项说法正确．故选：C．点评：本题难度不大，化学之最的知识是中考考查的热点，了解常见的化学之最的知识是正确解答本题的关键．4．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列图中涉及到的能源不属于新能源的是（）A．氢能源客车B．太阳能路灯C．风能发电D．石油钻井平台考点：资源综合利用和新能源开发．专题：化学与能源．分析：新能源是指传统能源之外的各种能源形式．新能源是区别传统能源而言，传统能源主要是三大化石燃料，即煤、石油、天然气等．氢能、太阳能、地热能、风能、海洋能、生物质能和核聚变能等都是新能源．解答：解：太阳能、氢能、风能是新能源，而电能、煤和石油、天然气、水能等人类早已大范围使用，且技术也十分成熟，不属于新能源．故选D．点评：本题考查了对新能源的认识和理解，并能分辨生活中常用的能源哪些属于新能源的范畴．5．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列食物中富含蛋白质的是（）A．奶油B．牛肉C．西红柿D．馒头考点：食品、药品与健康食品中的有机营养素．专题：化学与生活．分析：A、根据奶油中所含主要营养素的种类判断；B、根据蛋白质主要存在于动物的肌肉组织中判断；C、根据西红柿中所含的主要营养素的种类判断D、根据馒头中所含主要营养素的种类判断．解答：解：A、奶油中富含油脂，故选项错误；B、牛肉中富含蛋白质，故选项正确；C、西红柿中富含维生素，故选项错误；D、馒头中富含淀粉，淀粉属于糖类，故选项错误．故选：B．点评：“吃得营养，吃出健康”是人类普遍的饮食追求，人们把对健康饮食的追求提上了生活的日程，所以对六大营养素的考查也成了热点之一，特别是六大营养素包括的种类、生理功能、食物来源、缺乏症，摄入时的注意事项等内容．6．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）在原子结构中，与元素化学性质关系最密切的是（）A．电子数B．质子数C．中子数D．最外层电子数考点：核外电子在化学反应中的作用．专题：物质的微观构成与物质的宏观组成．分析：根据元素的化学性质跟它的原子的最外层电子数目关系非常密切，决定元素化学性质的是最外层电子数；据此进行分析解答．解答：解：元素性质与原子核外电子的排布，特别是最外层上的电子数目有密切关系，决定元素化学性质的是最外层电子数．A、与元素化学性质关系最密切的是最外层电子数，而不是电子数，故选项错误；B、与元素化学性质关系最密切的是最外层电子数，而不是质子数，故选项错误．C、与元素化学性质关系最密切的是最外层电子数，而不是中子数，故选项错误．D、与元素化学性质关系最密切的是最外层电子数，故选项正确．故选：D．点评：本题难度不大，了解核外电子在化学反应中的作用，正确理解元素的化学性质与最外层电子数的关系是正确解答本题的关键．7．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）水在人类生产、生活以及科学实验中都有很重要的作用，下列实验中，水起隔绝氧气作用的是（）A．测空气中氧气含量B．硫在氧气中燃烧C．燃烧条件的实验D．试管的洗涤考点：水的性质和应用；玻璃仪器的洗涤；空气组成的测定；氧气的化学性质；燃烧与燃烧的条件．专题：空气与水．分析：A、测定空气中氧气的体积分数时，通过烧杯中水的体积变化可知氧气的体积；B、硫在氧气中燃烧生成的二氧化硫气体有毒，扩散到空气中会污染空气，水能够吸收二氧化硫生成亚硫酸，从而防止了二氧化硫向外扩散；C、探究燃烧的条件：可燃物，温度达到着火点，与空气（或氧气）接触；D、水可以用来洗涤．解答：解：A、测定空气中氧气的体积分数时，通过烧杯中水的体积变化可知氧气的体积．水的主要作用是间接测定氧气的体积．故A不符合题意；B、硫在氧气中燃烧生成的二氧化硫气体有毒，扩散到空气中会污染空气，水能够吸收二氧化硫生成亚硫酸，从而防止了二氧化硫向外扩散．水的主要作用是吸收二氧化硫，故B不符合题意；C、燃烧条件的实验中，能使水中的白磷与空气隔绝．故C符合题意；D、试管的洗涤中的水用来洗涤仪器，故D不符合意．故选C．点评：解答本题要仔细观察图示，充分理解水在反应中的作用，只有这样才能对相关方面的问题做出正确的判断．8．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列物品所使用的主要材料属于合成材料的是（）A．玻璃水杯B．不锈钢餐具C．塑料薄膜D．羊毛绒衣考点：合成材料的使用及其对人和环境的影响．专题：化学与生活．分析：有机合成材料简称合成材料，要判断是否属于合成材料，可抓住三个特征：有机物、合成、高分子化合物，据此常见材料的分类进行分析判断．解答：解：有机合成材料必须具备三个特征：人工合成、有机物、高分子．A、玻璃杯子是玻璃烧制而成的，属于无机非金属材料，故选项错误．B、不锈钢餐具是用不锈钢制成的，属于金属材料，故选项错误．C、塑料薄膜是用塑料制成的，塑料属于三大合成材料之一，故选项正确．D、羊毛绒衣是用羊毛制成的，属于天然材料，故选项错误．故选C．点评：本题难度不大，掌握合成材料的三大特征（有机物、合成、高分子化合物）、分类是正确解答此类题的关键所在．9．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）氯化铵（NH4Cl）是一种氮肥，有促进植物茎、叶生长茂盛，叶色浓绿，提高植物蛋白质含量的作用，氯化铵中氮元素的化合价是（）A．+1B．+3C．+5D．﹣3考点：有关元素化合价的计算．专题：化学式的计算．分析：根据在化合物中正负化合价代数和为零，结合氯化铵（NHCl）的化学式进行解答即可．4解答：解：氢元素显+1价，氯元素显﹣1价，设氮元素的化合价是x，根据在化合物中正负化合价代数和为零，可得：x+（+1）×4+（﹣1）=0，则x=﹣3价．故选：D．点评：本题难度不大，掌握利用化合价的原则（化合物中正负化合价代数和为零）计算指定元素的化合价的方法即可正确解答此类题．10．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）做铁丝在氧气中燃烧的实验时，要先点燃铁丝上系着的火柴，再伸入集满氧气的集气瓶中，火柴燃烧所起的作用是（）A．升高铁丝的着火点B．升高铁丝的温度C．增加可燃物D．增大与氧气的接触面积考点：氧气的化学性质．专题：氧气、氢气的性质与用途．分析：火柴燃烧时放出的热量，给铁丝预热，提高铁丝温度，利于铁丝燃烧，火柴杆起引燃作用．据此分析分析判断．解答：解：A、铁丝的着火点是铁的属性，一般不能改变．故错误；B、火柴燃烧的作用是升高细铁丝的温度，利于铁丝燃烧，故正确；C、增加可燃物，消耗了氧气，不利于铁丝的燃烧．故错误；D、火柴燃烧消耗了氧气，不能补充氧气．故错误；故选：B．点评：本题的难度不大，主要考查对实验中的一些小细节，但小细节决定实验是否能够成功．11．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）如图所示，为某化学反应的微观模拟示意图，其中“○”表示氧原子，“●”表示碳原子，“O”表示氢原子，则该化学反应中不存在的物质种类是（）A．单质B．氧化物C．盐D．有机物考点：单质和化合物的判别；常见的氧化物、酸、碱和盐的判别；有机物的特征、分类及聚合物的特性．专题：物质的分类．分析：根据化学反应的微观模拟示意图，分析物质的组成判断物质的类别．解答：解：此化学方程式为：C2H6O+3O22CO2+3H2O，所以化学反应中存在的物质种类有单质、氧化物和有机物，但没有盐，故选C点评：根据变化微观示意图及粒子构成模拟图，根据分子由原子构成等特点，正确判断变化中的物质构成，是解答本题的基本方法．12．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）工业上常把煤块粉碎后使其充分燃烧，其目的是（）A．提高燃料的利用率B．减少酸雨的形成C．减少二氧化碳的排放量D．减少氧气的消耗考点：完全燃烧与不完全燃烧．专题：化学与能源．分析：促进可燃物燃烧的方法有：增大可燃物与氧气的接触面积或增大氧气的浓度，据此进行分析判断．解答：解：A、工业上常把煤块粉碎，增大了煤与氧气的接触面积，能使煤充分燃烧，减少煤的浪费，故选项正确．B、工业上常把煤块粉碎，增大了煤与氧气的接触面积，能使煤充分燃烧，而不是减少酸雨的形成，故选项错误．C、工业上常把煤块粉碎，增大了煤与氧气的接触面积，能使煤充分燃烧，而不是减少CO2的排放，故选项错误．D、工业上常把煤块粉碎，增大了煤与氧气的接触面积，能使煤充分燃烧，而不是减少氧气的消耗，故选项错误．故选：A．点评：本题难度不大，掌握促进可燃物燃烧的方法（增大可燃物与氧气的接触面积或增大氧气的浓度）是正确解答本题的关键．13．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）在日常生活中，下列说法正确的是（）A．用炉具清洁剂清洗家中的排油烟机，利用的是清洁剂的乳化作用B．包装食品的聚乙烯塑料袋可用加热的方法封口C．冬天室内用煤炉取暖，为防止煤气中毒，在煤炉上放一盆水D．图书档案着火，最好用干粉灭火器灭火考点：常见碱的特性和用途；一氧化碳的物理性质；几种常用的灭火器；塑料及其应用．专题：物质的性质与用途．分析：A、根据炉具清洁剂的成分是氢氧化钠，能与油脂反应，可用于去除油污解答；B、根据成型后的塑料还可以重新加热融化者属于热塑性塑料；成型后的塑料不能够重新加热融化者属于热固性塑料分析；C、根据一氧化碳不易溶于水分析；D、根据图书档案着火，最好用液态二氧化碳灭火器灭火解答．解答：解：A、炉具清洁剂的成分是氢氧化钠，能与油脂反应，可用于去除油污，故错误；B、聚乙烯塑料袋常用加热的方法封口，这种封口方法利用的是塑料的热塑性，故正确；C、一氧化碳不易溶于水，因此为了避免煤气中毒在炉子上放一盆水的做法是错误的；故错误；D、图书档案属于贵重物品，图书档案着火，最好用液态二氧化碳灭火器灭火，故错误；答案：B点评：本题考查了常见物质的性质，完成此题，可以依据已有的知识进行．化学来源于生产、生活，又服务于生产、生活，与生产、生活相关的化学知识是中考的热点之一，也是维护生命和健康安全的基本保障，熟练掌握常见物质的性质是解题的关键．14．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）在实验室中，不能用带磨口玻璃塞的玻璃试剂瓶盛装氢氧化钠溶液，因为氢氧化钠会与玻璃成分中的某种物质X发生化学反应，使玻璃塞和玻璃试剂瓶口粘连在一起，其反应的化学方程式为：X+2NaOH═Na2SiO3+H2O，则X的化学式为（）A．HSiO3B．S iO2C．S i D．S iH42考点：质量守恒定律及其应用．专题：化学用语和质量守恒定律．分析：由质量守恒定律：反应前后，原子种类、数目均不变，据此由反应的化学方程式推断生成物X的化学式．解答：解：根据反应的化学方程式X+2NaOH═NaSiO3+H2O，反应物中O、Na、H原子个数分别为2、2、2，2反应后的生成物中Si、O、Na、H原子个数分别为1、4、2、2，根据反应前后原子种类、数目不变，则每个X分子由2个O原子和1个Si原子构成，则物质X的化学式为SiO2．故选B．点评：本题难度不大，利用化学反应前后元素守恒、原子守恒来确定物质的化学式是解题的关键．15．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列应用和相应的化学方程式都正确的是（）A．高炉炼铁发生的主要反应：2Fe2O3+3C4Fe+3CO2↑B．用生石灰处理硫酸厂废液：Ca（OH）+H2SO4═CaSO4+2H2O2C．用稀盐酸除铁锈：FeO3+6HCl═2FeCl3+3H2O2D．实验室用过氧化氢溶液制取氧气：2H2O22H2O+O2↑考点：书写化学方程式、文字表达式、电离方程式．专题：化学用语和质量守恒定律．分析：根据化学方程式判断正误的方法需考虑：应用的原理是否正确；化学式书写是否正确；是否配平；反应条件是否正确；↑和↓的标注是否正确．解答：解：A、高炉炼铁发生的主要反应是一氧化碳在高温下和氧化铁反应生成铁和二氧化碳，反应的化学方程式为Fe2O3+3CO2Fe+3CO2，故选项错误．B、生石灰是氧化钙的俗称，其化学式为CaO，故选项化学方程式书写错误．C、该化学方程式书写完全正确．D、过氧化氢在二氧化锰的催化作用下生成水和氧气，反应的化学方程式为：2H2O22H2O+O2↑，故选项错误．故选：C．点评：本题难度不大，在解此类题时，首先分析应用的原理是否正确，然后再根据方程式的书写规则进行判断；化学方程式正误判断方法是：先看化学式是否正确，再看配平，再看反应条件，再看气体和沉淀，最后短线改成等号．二、多选题（本题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分，每小题有1-2个正确选项，多选、错选、不选不得分，漏选得1分）16．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列实验现象描述正确的是（）A．硫酸铵和熟石灰固体混合研磨，有刺激性气味气体产生B．铜丝插入硫酸铝溶液中，溶液由无色变为蓝色C．点燃棉线，会闻到烧焦羽毛的气味D．硫在氧气中燃烧，发出蓝紫色火焰，放出热量考点：铵态氮肥的检验；氧气与碳、磷、硫、铁等物质的反应现象；金属的化学性质；棉纤维、羊毛纤维和合成纤维的鉴别．专题：实验现象的观察和记录．分析：A、铵态氮肥与碱性物质混合后能放出有刺激性气味的氨气，进行分析判断．B、根据金属的化学性质进行分析判断．C、根据棉线燃烧的现象进行分析判断．D、根据硫在氧气中燃烧的现象进行分析判断．解答：解：A、硫酸铵属于铵态氮肥，熟石灰具有碱性，混合研磨，有刺激性气味气体产生，故选项说法正确．B、铜的金属活动性比铝弱，铜丝插入硫酸铝溶液中，不反应而无明显变化，故选项说法错误．C、点燃棉线，有烧纸的气味，故选项说法错误．D、硫在氧气中燃烧，发出蓝紫色火焰，放出热量，故选项说法正确．故选：AD．点评：本题难度不大，掌握铵态氮肥的性质、金属的化学性质、常见物质燃烧的现象是正确解答本题的关键．17．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列实验所对应的方案正确的是（）选项目的方案A分离NaCl和CaCO的混合物溶解，过滤，蒸发滤液3B比较金属镁和铝的活动性将镁条和铝粉分别放入等质量、等浓度的盐酸中C除去CO中的CO将混合气体通过足量的氢氧化钠溶液、干燥2D证明NaOH溶液是否变质取样，加入少量稀盐酸A．A B．B C．C D．D考点：化学实验方案设计与评价；常见气体的检验与除杂方法；金属活动性顺序及其应用；碱的化学性质．专题：简单实验方案的设计与评价．分析：A、根据氯化钠和碳酸钙的溶解性不同据此分离；B、根据金属和酸反应的速率结合控制变量法设计实验的方法分析；C、根据二氧化碳能够和氢氧化钠反应分析；D、根据氢氧化钠变质产物碳酸钠的性质分析．解答：解：A、氯化钠易溶于水，碳酸钙难溶于水，因此可以通过过滤分离出碳酸钙，再将滤液蒸发得到氯化钠固体，故方法正确；B、镁条和铝粉的与盐酸的接触面积不同，因此不能通过反应产生气泡的快慢比较金属的活动性顺序，故方法错误；C、二氧化碳能够和氢氧化钠反应而除去二氧化碳，不符合除杂的原则，故方法错误；D、氢氧化钠变质会产生碳酸钠，碳酸钠能够和稀盐酸反应产生二氧化碳气体，足量的稀盐酸可以检验氢氧化钠是否变质，但少量的稀盐酸会先和氢氧化钠反应，不一定会观察到气泡，故方法错误；故选项为：A．点评：本题考查了常见的鉴别、检验和除杂，是中考常见题型，鉴别时要利用所要鉴别物质的性质差别，设计实验，实验中出现明显的现象差异，达到鉴别物质的目的；除杂时注意除杂质的同时不要引入新的杂质．18．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列各组物质，只用稀盐酸就能将三种物质区分开来的是（）A．澄清石灰水、酚酞溶液、食盐水B．硝酸银溶液、稀硫酸、碳酸氢钠溶液C．木炭粉、氧化铜粉、铁粉D．硝酸钾溶液、氯化钡溶液、硫酸钠溶液考点：酸、碱、盐的鉴别；酸的化学性质．专题：物质的鉴别题．分析：根据三种物质与稀盐酸反应产生的不同现象来鉴别它们，若两种物质与稀盐酸反应的现象相同，则无法鉴别它们．解答：解：A、稀盐酸与石灰水反应生成氯化钙和水，但无明显变化；稀盐酸不能使酚酞溶液变色，与食盐水不反应，不能出现三种明显不同的现象，故不能鉴别．B、稀盐酸能与硝酸银溶液反应生成氯化银白色沉淀，与碳酸氢钠溶液反应生成二氧化碳气体，与稀硫酸不反应，能出现三种明显不同的现象，故可以鉴别．C、铁粉能与稀盐酸反应生成氯化亚铁溶液和氢气，氧化铜粉能与稀盐酸反应生成蓝色的氯化铜溶液，会观察到黑色固体溶解，溶液变蓝色；与木炭不反应，能出现三种明显不同的现象，故可以鉴别．D、稀盐酸与硝酸钾溶液、氯化钡溶液、硫酸钠溶液均不反应，不能出现三种明显不同的现象，故不能鉴别．故选：BC．点评：本题有一定难度，在解决鉴别物质题时，判断的依据是：所选试剂需要与待鉴别的物质反应并出现明显不同的现象．19．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）下列图象中有关量的变化与对应叙述相符的是（）A．将a、b、c三种物质的饱和溶液分别由t1℃升温至t2℃时，所得溶液中溶质质量分数的顺序为a＞b＞cB．某温度下，将一定量接近饱和的KNO3溶液恒温蒸发水分C．金属与一定量的稀硫酸反应，由图象可知，金属M比金属N活泼D．向一定量盐酸中逐滴加水稀释考点：固体溶解度曲线及其作用；溶质的质量分数；溶质的质量分数、溶解性和溶解度的关系；金属的化学性质；酸碱溶液的稀释．专题：元素化合物知识型；溶液、浊液与溶解度．分析：A、根据a、b的溶解度随温度的升高而增大且在t℃时a、b物质的溶解度相同，而c物质的溶解1度随温度的升高低而减小进行解答；B、根据一定温度下的饱和溶液比不饱和溶液溶质质量分数大，且温度不变，饱和溶液溶解度不变，溶质的质量分数不变进行解答；C、根据活动性越强的金属，反应速率越快进行解答；D、根据向酸中加入水，溶液的酸性降低，pH变大，但溶液仍呈酸性进行解答．解答：解：A、a、b的溶解度随温度的升高而增大且在t℃时a、b物质的溶解度相同，所以t1℃升温至1t2℃时溶液中溶质、溶剂的质量不变，溶质的质量分数不变，则升温后a、b溶液的溶质质量分数相同，饱和溶液中溶质质量分数=×100%，即溶解度越大质量分数也就越大；而c物质的溶解度随温度的升高低而减小，且t2℃c物质的溶解度小于t1℃ab物质的溶解度，故c物质的溶质质量分数小于ab，所以将a、b、c三种物质的饱和溶液分别由t1℃升温至t2℃时，所得溶液中溶质质量分数的顺序为a=b＞c，故A错误；B、某温度下，将一定量接近饱和的KNO3溶液恒温蒸发水分，随着水分的蒸发，溶液质量逐渐减小，而溶质质量不变，溶质质量分数变大，但是当溶液达到饱和溶液以后，由于溶解度不变，则溶质质量分数就会保持不变，故正确；C、活动性越强的金属，反应速率越快，由图可知，M金属用的时间少，而N金属用的时间多，所以M的金属活动性大于N，故正确；D、向酸中加入水，溶液的酸性降低，pH变大，但溶液仍呈酸性，所以溶液的pH不会大于7，故错误；故选：BC．点评：解答该题的关键是了解反应原理、关注实验过程，在分析实验过程的同时，掌握看图象的要领，即‘三点一趋势’：起点、终点、转折点、走势．20．（2分）（2015•黑龙江）在一定条件下，一个密闭容器内发生某反应，测得反应前后各物质的质量如下表所示，下列有关说法不正确的是（）物质M N P Q反应前质量/g1*******反应后质量/g x y010A．参加反应的P与Q的质量比为3：2B．x的取值范围：0≤x≤30C．当y≤24时，该反应一定是化合反应D．x+y=65考点：质量守恒定律及其应用；反应类型的判定．专题：化学用语和质量守恒定律．分析：A．根据P与Q反应前后的质量变化来计算其参加反应的质量比为B．根据质量守恒定律，只能确定x+y=（16+24+15+20）﹣10=65，无法确定x，y的取值范围；C．根据反应物生成物的种类来判断反应类型；D．根据质量守恒定律，x+y=（16+24+15+20）﹣10=65；解答：解：A．参加反应的P与Q的质量比为：（15﹣0）：（20﹣10）=15：10=3：2；正确；B．根据质量守恒定律，只能确定x+y=（16+24+15+20）﹣10=65，无法确定x，y的取值范围；错误；C．当y＜24时，该反应的反应是N+P+Q=M，是化合反应，当y=24时，该反应是P+Q=M，是化合反应，正确；D．根据质量守恒定律，x+y=（16+24+15+20）﹣10=65；正确；答案：B．点评：在化学反应中遵循质量守恒定律，参加反应的物质的质量等于反应后生成的物质的质量．．三、填空题（本题共5小题，每空1分，共20分）21．（3分）（2015•黑龙江）用化学用语填空：（1）预防骨质疏松应补充的元素是Ca ；（2）4个硫酸根离子4SO42﹣；（3）香烟烟气中的一种有毒气体CO ．考点：化学符号及其周围数字的意义．专题：化学用语和质量守恒定律．分析：（1）预防骨质疏松应补充的元素是钙元素，写出其元素符号即可．（2）离子的表示方法，在表示该离子的元素符号右上角，标出该离子所带的正负电荷数，数字在前，正负符号在后，带1个电荷时，1要省略．若表示多个该离子，就在其离子符号前加上相应的数字．（3）香烟烟气中的一种有毒气体是一氧化碳，写出其化学式即可．解答：解：（1）预防骨质疏松应补充的元素是钙元素，其元素符号为：Ca．（2）由离子的表示方法，在表示该离子的元素符号右上角，标出该离子所带的正负电荷数，数字在前，正负符号在后，带1个电荷时，1要省略．若表示多个该离子，就在其元素符号前加上相应的数字，故4个硫酸根离子可表示为：4SO42﹣．（3）香烟烟气中的一种有毒气体是一氧化碳，其化学式为：CO．故答案为：（1）Ca；（2）4SO42﹣；（3）CO．点评：本题难度不大，掌握常见化学用语（元素符号、化学式、离子符号等）的书写方法、离子符号与化合价表示方法的区别等是正确解答此类题的关键．22．（5分）（2015•黑龙江）水是重要的自然资源，也是生命之源．（1）为了人类和社会经济的可持续发展，我们必须爱护水资源，节约用水是每个公民的责任和义务，下列做法属于节约用水的是CD （选填序号）。
黑龙江省龙东地区2015年初中毕业学业统一考试中考生物试题及参考答案
2．下列生物之间属于竞争关系的是（）
A．杂草和水稻B．工蜂和蜂王C．猫和老鼠D．人和艾滋病病毒
3．生物既能适应环境又能影响环境，下列哪项能够说明生物适应环境（）
A．蚁穴溃堤B．青蛙冬眠C．蚯蚓松土D．大树底下好乘凉
4．草履虫用来摄食的结构是（）
A．食物泡B．伸缩泡C．胞肛D．口沟
A．①收缩、②舒张B．都收缩
C．①舒张、②收缩D．都舒张
13．酸雨对生物危害极大。近年来，我国一些地区已经成为酸雨多发区，酸雨污染的范
围和程度已经引起人们的密切关注，下列哪种气体和酸雨的形成有关（）
A．氮气B．二氧化硫C．水蒸气D．氧气
14．“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干”。家蚕的发育过程中，能吐丝的时期是（）
5．“庄稼一枝花，全靠肥当家”。种庄稼、养花都需要施肥，肥料为植物生长提供（）
A．有机物B．无机盐C．能量D．水分
6．根吸收水和无机盐的主要部位是根尖的（）
A．成熟区B．伸长区C．分生区D．根冠
7．人类起源于（）
A．大猩猩B．黑猩猩C．类人猿D．森林古猿
8．世上最伟大 的是母亲，是她孕育了新的生命。她为胎儿提供营养通过（）
A．卵巢B．子宫C．输卵管D．胎盘
9．走钢丝的杂技演员，脑部比较发 达的是（）
A．大脑B．小脑C．脑干D．脊髓
10．下列属于复杂反射的是（）
A．谈虎色变B．缩手反射C．膝跳反射D．眨眼反射
11．下列属于学习行为的是（）
A．蜘蛛结网B．大雁南飞C．飞蛾扑火D．鹦鹉学舌
12．屈肘时，①和②的状态分别是（）
编号
温度
空气
土壤湿度
光照
纸盒左侧
25℃
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黑龙江省龙东地区2015年初中毕业学业统一考试生物试题考生注意：1、考试时间60分钟2、全卷共五道大题，总分100分一、单项选择（1-20每题1分，21-35每题2分，共50分）1．自然界因为有了生物而充满生机，下列不属于生物的是（）A．机器人B．病毒C．草履虫D．蘑菇2．下列生物之间属于竞争关系的是（）A．杂草和水稻B．工蜂和蜂王C．猫和老鼠D．人和艾滋病病毒3．生物既能适应环境又能影响环境，下列哪项能够说明生物适应环境（）A．蚁穴溃堤B．青蛙冬眠C．蚯蚓松土D．大树底下好乘凉4．草履虫用来摄食的结构是（）A．食物泡B．伸缩泡C．胞肛D．口沟5．“庄稼一枝花，全靠肥当家”。
种庄稼、养花都需要施肥，肥料为植物生长提供（）A．有机物B．无机盐C．能量D．水分6．根吸收水和无机盐的主要部位是根尖的（）A．成熟区B．伸长区C．分生区D．根冠7．人类起源于（）A．大猩猩B．黑猩猩C．类人猿D．森林古猿8．世上最伟大的是母亲，是她孕育了新的生命。
她为胎儿提供营养通过（）A．卵巢B．子宫C．输卵管D．胎盘9．走钢丝的杂技演员，脑部比较发达的是（）A．大脑B．小脑C．脑干D．脊髓10．下列属于复杂反射的是（）A．谈虎色变B．缩手反射C．膝跳反射D．眨眼反射11．下列属于学习行为的是（）A．蜘蛛结网B．大雁南飞C．飞蛾扑火D．鹦鹉学舌12．屈肘时，①和②的状态分别是（）A．①收缩、②舒张B．都收缩C．①舒张、②收缩D．都舒张13．酸雨对生物危害极大。
近年来，我国一些地区已经成为酸雨多发区，酸雨污染的范围和程度已经引起人们的密切关注，下列哪种气体和酸雨的形成有关（）A．氮气B．二氧化硫C．水蒸气D．氧气14．“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干”。
家蚕的发育过程中，能吐丝的时期是（）15．白化病由隐性基因（a）控制。
一对正常的夫妇生了一个白化病的小孩，那么可以推测，这对夫妇的基因组成是（）A．Aa和Aa B．AA和aaC．AA和AA D．aa和aa16．我省“单独二孩”计生政策已出台。
一对夫妇已经生了一个女孩，还想再要个男孩儿，如果再生一胎，是男孩的可能性为（）A．100% B．75% C．50% D．25%17．下列变异能够传给后代的是（）A．晒黑的皮肤B．烫的卷发C．切的双眼皮D．能够卷舌18．被誉为“裸子植物的故乡”的国家是（）A．中国B．俄罗斯C．美国D．日本19．下列动物中属于昆虫的是（）20．生活中，有很多动物被称为“鱼”。
下列哪种是真正的鱼类（）A．鲫鱼B．章鱼C．鳄鱼D．娃娃鱼21．有人说，“鸟的全身都是为飞行而设计的”。
与这句话无关的是（）A．有脊柱B．前肢变成翼C．用气囊辅助呼吸D．胸肌发达22．把抹香鲸归类为哺乳动物的主要原因是（）A．用肺呼吸B．体温恒定C．心脏四腔D．胎生、哺乳23．某生物小组探究“光”对鼠妇生活的影响，实验方案如下，他们设计对照实验的时候，把下列哪项作为单一变量（）A．温度B．空气C．土壤湿度D．光照24．炎热的夏天，吃西瓜最能消暑。
西瓜的下列结构中，属于器官的是（）A．西瓜秧B．西瓜C．西瓜瓤D．西瓜皮25．下列哪一项不是种子萌发必需的外界条件（）A．温度B．空气C．光照D．水分26．下列哪项措施是为了提高农作物的光合作用效率（）A．松土排涝B．合理密植C．带土移栽D．地膜覆盖27．小明不爱吃蔬菜，最近几天，每次刷牙时，牙龈都出血，他可能患了（）A．坏血病B．贫血C．糖尿病D．白化病28．皮肤轻微擦伤后能够自然止血，这与下列哪项有关（）A．红细胞B．白细胞C．血小板D．血红蛋白29．肺泡中的氧气要进入血液，需要穿过几层细胞（）A．一层B．两层C．三层D．四层30．用手捏心脏，壁最厚的腔是（）A．左心室B．右心室C．左心房D．右心房31．喝酸奶有益健康，制作酸奶，需要利用（）A．酵母菌B．乳酸菌C．霉菌D．甲烷菌32．细菌细胞与动植物细胞的结构相比，它没有（）A．细胞壁B．细胞膜C．细胞质D．成形的细胞核33．有口无肛门，有刺细胞的动物是（）A．水螅B．涡虫C．蛔虫D．蚯蚓34．下列动物用鳃呼吸的是（）A．鱼B．蚯蚓C．蝗虫D．蜥蜴35．接种疫苗属于预防传染病的哪项措施（）A．控制传染源B．切断传播途径C．保护易感人群D．增进健康二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）36．生物体由小长大，与细胞的生长、________和分化是分不开的。
37．遇到巨大声响时，要迅速张口，或者掩耳闭口，这是为了保护________。
38．龙东地区是重要的煤炭产地，煤是由远古时期的________植物的遗体形成的。
39．人们把________植物当作监测空气污染的指示植物。
40．我们吃的花生油是从花生种子的________中榨取的。
41．保护生物多样性的根本措施是建立________。
42．原始大气与现在的大气不同，成分中缺少________。
43．生物学中分类的基本单位是________。
44．长颈鹿长颈的形成，用达尔文的进化观点解释，是________的结果。
45．药物可分为处方药和非处方药。
非处方药简称________。
三、资料分析题（每空1分，共5分）46．阅读下面资料，分析回答：牙买加盛产甘蔗，但是鼠害非常严重。
当地人为了控制老鼠的繁殖，引进了老鼠的天敌--獴(měng)（是一种肉食性的哺乳动物）。
一段时间之后，由于没有天敌，獴大量繁殖。
虽然老鼠数量得到了控制，但是獴也大量捕食鸟类，从而导致了甘蔗甲虫泛滥成灾，对甘蔗造成严重危害。
（1）从生态系统的组成分析，甘蔗属于________者，獴属于________者。
（2）写出该生态系统中的一条食物链________。
（依据右图，至少写出三个环节）（3）这个事实说明，生态系统的________能力是有限的。
人类的生产必须要遵循生态规律，否则生态平衡将遭到破坏。
（4）如果浇灌甘蔗的水源被污染，那么该生态系统中，体内含毒素最多的生物是________。
四、识图分析题（每空1分，共20分）47．下图是人的眼球结构示意图，请据图回答问题：（1）人能看清远近不同的物体，是因为【4】________的曲度可以调节。
（2）刚从电影院出来，【3】瞳孔将会________。
（填变大或者缩小）（3）只有物像落在【8】________上时，才能看清物体。
（4）【5】________病变或者受到损伤，可通过移植使病人重新获得光明。
（5）不同人种，【2】________的颜色不同。
48．下图是花的结构示意图，请据图回答：（1）一朵花的主要部分是【4】________和【7】________。
（2）开花后，要结出果实和种子，还要经过________、________两个重要的生理过程。
（3）桃子由【3】________发育而来。
（4）采用________的方法，可以让毛桃树上结出油桃。
49．下图是关节的结构示意图，请据图回答：（1）关节很灵活，这是由于【2、5】的表面覆盖着一层光滑的【1】________，此外【3】________内含有滑液，可以减少骨与骨之间的摩擦。
（2）运动时如果【2】从【5】中滑脱出来，这种现象叫做________。
50．下图是尿的形成示意图，请据图回答问题：（1）1、2、3组成一个________。
（2）血液流经【1】________时会发生过滤，在【2】________中形成原尿。
（3）原尿流经【3】________时，全部的________、大部分水和部分无机盐被重吸收，其余成分形成尿液。
（4）尿液中出现红细胞，可能是________发生病变。
五、实验探究题（每空1分，共15分）51．某同学探究“馒头在口腔中的变化”，实验方案如下，请根据表中内容回答问题：（1）为了形成对照，2号试管中加入2毫升________。
（2）滴加碘液后，不变蓝的是________试管。
原因是唾液淀粉酶将淀粉分解成了________。
52．根据“制作口腔上皮细胞临时装片”的实验，回答问题：（1）在擦净的载玻片中央滴一滴________。
（2）观察玻片标本，转动粗准焦螺旋，镜筒缓缓下降时，眼睛要注视________。
（3）如果物像在视野的左下方，要移到视野的中央，应将玻片向________移动。
（4）如果目镜是10×，物镜是10×，则显微镜的放大倍数是________倍。
（1）过程②的目的是形成________。
（2）过程③的目的是将叶片中的________溶解在酒精中，使叶片变成________色。
（3）过程④的目的是检验光合作用合成的有机物是不是________。
（4）叶片见光部分变成蓝色，说明光合作用不可缺少的条件是________。
54．根据“观察蚯蚓”的实验回答问题：（1）蚯蚓的身体是由许多彼此相似的环形________组成。
（2）蚯蚓身体的前端是________。
（填序号）（3）触摸蚯蚓身体的腹面，感觉很粗糙，用放大镜观察会发现，多数蚯蚓腹面都有能够辅助运动的________。