高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit21-22

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit21-22 ☆重点句型☆

1. It has been a long day. I can't keep my eyes open.

2. We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by

watching his or her body language.

3. In many countries, shaking one's head means "no" and

nodding means "yes".

4. A way of raying "I am hungry" is patting the stomach

before a meal.

5. Unlike traditional amusement parks, theme parks often

want to teach visitors something.

6. What they all have in common is that they combine fun

with the opportunity to learn ,something.

7. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel

what it is like to do the things they have seen their

heroes do in the movie.

8. New theme parks are being built all over the world.

☆重点词汇☆

1. unfair adj. 不公正的，不公平的

2. customer n. 顾客；主顾

3. avoid vt. 避免；消除

4. incredible adj. 难以置信的

5. manage vt. / vi. 做成(某事)；管理；经营

6. fold vt. 折叠；合拢；抱住

7. crazy adj. 疯狂的；狂热的

8. firm adj. (指动作)稳定而有力的；牢固的

9. handshake n. 握手

10. bend vt. / vi. 弯曲；专心于；屈服

11. gently adv. 轻轻地；逐渐地

12. occur vi. 发生；出现

13. focus n. (兴趣活动等的)中心；焦点

14. specific adj. 具体的；特有的

15. amusement n. 消遣；娱乐(活动)

16. souvenir n. 纪念物；纪念品

17. attraction n. 吸引人的事物；吸引(力)

18. collection n. 收集；搜集；聚集

19. thrill n. 兴奋；激动；(使)激动；(使)胆战心惊

20. minority n. 少数民族；少数

21. educate vi. / vt. 教育；培养；训练

22. conservation n. (自然资源的)保护；管理；保存

23. divide vt. / vi.分；划分；分开；隔开

24. section n. 部分；区域

25. shuttle n. 往返汽车；航天飞机

26. risk vt. 冒……的险

27. injury n. 伤害；受伤处

28. helicopter n. 直升飞机

29. achievement n. 成就；功绩

30. civilization n. 文明；歼化

31. prevent vt./vi. 防止；妨碍

32. twist n. 扭曲；盘旋vi.扭弯；缠绕

33. imagination n. 想像(力)；空想；想像的事物

34. designer n. 设计家；制图师

35. darkness n. 黑暗；漆黑

短语闯关

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据

汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?

1. ahead ____ (在空间或时间上比某人、某物)更

前；更早

2. give / lend sb a ____ 给某人帮助

3. get ____ 通过；渡过；到达

4. tear ____ 弄倒某物；拆除某物

5. hold ____ 举起；拿起；举出

6. ____ a face (对某人)做鬼脸；扮怪相

7. ____ order按顺序；整齐

8. cut ____ 切掉，切断；壅然中止

9. free-fall ____ 自由落体车乘

10. ____ eye contact 避免目光接触

11. ____ to 至于……；就……来看

12. feel ____ 情绪低落；感到低沉

13. combine... ____ ... 把……与……结合起来

14. large ____ of 大量收集的

15. ____ one's way一路尖叫

16. a ____ park 主题公园

17. go ____ rides 乘车兜风

18. base...____ …以……为基础……

19. ____ a cable car乘缆车

2O. have ____ 消遣；玩得高兴

☆重点短语☆

1. give sb. a hand 给某人帮助

2. ahead of (在空间或时间上比某人、某物) 更前；更早

3. get through 通过；度过；到达；完成

4. tear down 弄倒某物；拆除某物

5. hold up 举起；拿起；举出

6. at the North Polo 在北极

7．in order 按顺序；整齐

8．cut off 切掉；切断；突然中止

9. eye contact 眼神接触

10. as to 关于；就……而言

11. hold up one's head 昂起头

12. combine...with...把……与……相结合

13. from culture to culture 从一种文化到另一种文化

14. feel down 情绪低落

15. communicate with 与……交流

16. have fun 玩耍，消遣

17. a variety of 一系列的

18. in space 在太空

19. on the ocean floor 在大洋底

20. learn about 了解

☆交际用语☆

1. Shall I help you with that?

2. Would you like some help?

3. Could you give me a hand with this?

4. Is there anything else I can do for you?

5. Could you help me with my English?

6. No, thank you. Thanks for all your help.

7. No, thanks. I can manage it mymlf.

8. That's very nice of you.

9. Excuse me, can you tell me where the roller coaster is?

10. Go straight down this road, and then turn left. Go over

the bridge.

11. Excuse me. Am I going in the right direction?

12. It's in that direction.

【单词聚焦】

【考点1】ahead的用法

▲ 搭配：

①ahead of 在……前头；早于；超过，优于

②ahead of time / schedule 提前

③get ahead (of...) 胜过，超过

④Go ahead! 前进，有进展，请便

⑤look ahead (喻)为未来着想或打算，未雨绸缪

⑥push ahead 向前进。推进

【考例1】[2004天津] The other girls rushed ____ me. I felt ashamed as I fell farther and farther behind.

A. from behind

B. ahead of

C. next to

D. close to

[考查目标]本题考查ahead及其构成短语的用法和词义。

[答案与解析]B ahead of 表示“在……前面”、“超

过”．可以表示时间、地点，也可以表示一些抽象意义。

9. amusement [u] n. 娱乐，消遣，兴趣；[C] n. 快乐的事；娱乐(品)

The little girl looked at me in amusement.

小女孩饶有趣味地看着我。

To our great amusement, the teacher sang a funny song

in class.

老师在课堂上唱了一首滑稽的歌，令我们非常愉快。There were lots 0f amusements at the fair.

在展览会上有许多有趣的东西。

[拓展]amusement 的动词amuse，是及物动词，意为“使……快乐，逗笑；给……提供娱乐”。其用法如下：

(1) amuse sb. / oneself (with...)

Her stow amused the children greatly.

她的故事逗得那些小孩十分开心。

(2) be amused at / by / with 以……为乐

The audience was amused bv the malcician's tricks.

观众被魔术师的戏法逗乐了。

(3) be amused to do sth. 做……取乐

I was very much amused to see the seal perform its tricks.

我被海豹的特技表演逗乐了。

【链接】表示情感的动词的用法大致相同。

be surprised at... 因……而吃惊

be surprised to do sth. 吃惊地干……

be excited at... 因……而兴奋

be excited to do sth. 兴奋地干……

be disappointed at... 因……而失望

be disappointed to do sth. 失望地干……

be pleased at... 因……而高兴

be pleased to do sth. 高兴地干……

be delighted at... 因……而高兴

be delighted to do sth. 高兴地干……

10. attract vt.

(1) (以魅力等) 吸引(人)，引诱；引起(注意、开心)。[构成] attract + n. 或attract + n. + to + n. 把

(人等)吸引到……。

The concert attracted a great number of people.

那场音乐会吸引了许多人。

(2) (物理的性质) 吸引住……，构成：attract + n.。Magnets attract iron.

磁石吸引铁。

attraction n. 魅力，吸引人之物；吸引(力)

attractive adj. 有魅力的，吸引人的，引人注目的

3. contact

(1) [U] 接触，触碰

The Lomb explodes on contact.

那颗炸弹一触碰就会爆炸。

(2) [U] (与人的)接触，交往，关系；联络，联系(多和

with连用)

Have you been in contact / touch with him recently?

你最近与他有来往吗?

I’ve been trying t0 get in contact / touch with you

since yesterday.

我从昨天起就一直试着与你联络。

make contact with 与……联络

[拓展]

keep in contact with = keep in touch with 与……保

持联系

come in / into contact with sb. 与某人接触．碰面

lose touch with = lose contact with 与……失去联系

(be) out of touch = (be) out of contact 失去联系，中

断联络

【考点9】detail的用法

▲ 构词：detailed adj. 详细的．逐条的

▲ 搭配：

①for further details 为了知道详细情况

②go / enter into details 详述，逐一细说

③in detail 详细地

④detail by detail 逐一

【考例9】[2005郑州模拟] In an extraordinary ____ exposition Auckland Museum pays honor to this great

New Zealander,...

A. simple

B. large

C. detailed

D. great

[考查目标] 本题考查detail形容词的用法和意思。

[答案与解析]C detailed这一过去分词的意思是“详

细的”。

12. divide v.

(1) 分，分割，把……分成(若干部分)。常与into 或

from 连用。

The country is divided into 12 provinces.

这个国家划分为十二个省。

A low wall divides our garden from our neighbour's

garden.

一堵矮墙把我家的花园和邻居的花园隔开来。

(2) 分配，分发，分享。常与between，among，with连用。

The prize money will be divided among the three winners.奖金将由三名优胜者均分。

(3) 除，除以。常与by，into连用。

15 divided by 3 is 5.

十五除以三等于五。

13. experience

(1) n. 经历，感受，体验

Child as he is, he has experienced defeat.

尽管是个孩子，但他已经经历过失败。

Our country has experienced great changes in the last

30 years.

过去三十年里，我们国家经历了巨大的变化。

(2) [U] n. 经验

As a teacher with 5 years experience, she is good at making friends with her students.

作为一个有五年教师工作经验的人，她擅长和她的

学生交朋友。

[C] n. 经历，阅历

Ourjourney by camel was quite an experience.

骑骆驼旅行真是一种令人难忘的经历。

[提示] experience 的形容词为experienced，常可构成短语：

be experienced in / at 对……有经验

He is very experienced in planting trees.

他对种树很有经验。

[拓展] experience...as 感受……是……，其中as后

可跟形容词，分词。

The theory is experienced as very advanced.

这个理论被认为是很先进的。

1. express vt. (以言语、表情) 表达……；叙述……

[构成]express + n.或express + n. + to sb. (对

某人表达)或expmss + wh-从句。

His face expressed his disappointment.

他脸上浮现出失望的表情。

I can't express (to you) how encouraging your letter

was.

你的来信多么令人鼓舞，我无法用言语表达。

[拓展] express adj. 明确的；特殊的；快速的

It was her express wish that you should have her house after her death.

她明确表示她死后会把她的房子留给你。

I came here with the express purpose of seeing you.

我特来此地看你。

an express train 快车

【考点2】manage的用法

▲ 构词：

①management n. 经营，管理，处理，操纵，驾驶，手段

②manager n. 经理，管理人员，管理器

▲ 搭配：

①manage to do sth 完成……；设法办到……

②manage with 以……设法应付

③manage without 在没有……的情况下应付过去

【考例2】[2004湖北] The 22-year-old student____

to stop her by the side of the road in the winter night

and opened the trunk.

A. afforded

B. wanted

C. allowed

D. managed

[考查目标] 本题考查manage的词义和基本用法。

[答案与解析]D manage后接不定式，表示“努力并且

成功地做了某事”。

5. mean vt.

(1) (言词，事情等) 意味着……，有……的意思

[构成] mean + n. / pron. 或mean + that 或mean

doing sth. 或mean + what...。

What does the word mean in this context?

在上下文中，这个词是什么意思?

The sign means (that) the road is blocked.

这个标志表示此路不通。

(2)(某人)意欲，意图，打算

[构成] mean + n. 或mean to do sth. 或mean sb. +

to do 或meau sb. sth.。

We sometimes hurt people's feelings without meaning it. 我们有时会在无意中伤害别人的感情。

She said I ignored her, but I didn't mean to.

她说我忽视了她，但我并没有这个意思。

I mean her no harm. = I mean no harm to her.

我对她并无恶意。

(3)(对某人而言) 有……的意义

[构成]mean + n. + to sb. 。

His girlfriend means the world to him.

他的女朋友对他来说实在太重要，。

Fame doesn't mean much to me.

名声对我而言无足轻重。

【考点8】occur的用法

▲搭配：

①sth occurs to sb. 浮现在某人的脑海中；……被

某人想到

②It (never) occurred to sb. that... 某人(从未)想到／起

【考例8】[2005 江苏盐城模拟]An eclipse of the sun

____ when the moon passes between the earth and

the sun.

A. happened

B. occurred

C. appeared

D. rose

[考查目标] 本题考查occur的词义以及它和一些近义

词的区别。

[答案与解析]B occur可以表示“突然发生”，但不是

意外。

6. opposite adj. 相反的；相对的，对面的；反对的

We took seats opposite to the directors.

我们坐在董事们的对面。

He and I are on opposite sides in this debate.

在这个辩论里，他和我站在相对的立场。

[拓展]

(1) opposite不但用作形容词，还用作：

n. [C] 相反的事物，多和of连用。

Sweet and salty are opposites.

甜与咸正好相反。

(2) prep. 在……的对面

The post office is opposite the station.

邮局在车站的对面。

(3) adv. 在对面，在相反的位置

There is a bar opposite.

对面有一家小酒吧。

14. risk v.

(1) 使冒危险，作赌注

You are risking your health.

你在以你的健康作赌注。

(2) 冒……之险

He risked his parents' anger by living alone.

他冒可能惹他父母生气之险独自生活。

If you put money into the stock market, you will risk losing it.

如果你把钱投入股市就要冒风险。

【考点10】risk的用法

▲ 搭配：

①at risk 在危险中；有危险

②at all / any risks 无论冒什么危险；无论如何

③at the risk of (= at risk to) 冒……之险；不顾；之风

险

④at one's own risk (损失、风险等)负责自负；自担风险

⑤run / take risks / a risk 冒险

⑥run / take the risk of doing sth 冒险做某事

⑦risk doing sth 冒……的危险

⑧risk one's fortune / health / life 冒着财产／健康／性命的风险

⑨It's (not) worth the risk (不)值得冒这个险

【考例10】When children start smoking, they don't real- ize that they're their health.

A. cost

B. care

C. risk

D. keep

[考查目标] 本题主要考查risk 作动词的用法。

[答案与解析]C risk one's health 意为“拿自己的健康去冒险”。

【考点4】step的用法

▲搭配：

①step in 走进；调停，排解，介入，干涉

②step this way 请这边走! 请跟我来!

③keep step (with…) (与……)步调一致

④in step (with...) 齐步；(和……)步凋一致

⑤out of step (with...) (和……)步调不一致

⑥miss one's step 失足

⑦take steps to do sth 设法；采取措施干某事

⑧mind / watch one's step 小心地行走；谨慎行事

⑨step by step 一步一步地；逐步地；逐渐地

【考例4】[NMET 1998]"Look at them! They're all out of ____ except my John! Isn't he the best!”

A. sight

B. order

C. mind

D. step

[考查目标] 本题考查step构成的短语的意思。

[答案与解析]D out of step的意思是“步法混乱”。

这是母亲溺爱儿子指责别人的一句话。

【考点5】tell的用法

▲搭配：

①tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 告诉某人……

②tell sb of / about sth 告诉某人……

③tell sb to do sth 吩咐某人……

④tell (of) 谈起／说过

⑤tell the time (钟)报时

⑥tell...(apart)from... 分清，区分

⑦for what I can tell 据我所知

⑧I (can) tell you (= let me tell you) 我敢说；确实

⑨I told you so. 我早就跟你说过了。(意指我没说错，你偏不听)

⑩There is no telling. 无法知道；难以预料。

⑩You can never tell. (=You never can tell.) 谁也不知道；谁也没把握。

▲ 辨析：tell；inform

这组近义词的一般含义是“把某消息或某件事转达给

别人”。

tell最通用，最不正式。它的含义是“把某事告诉某人”。它也含有给人“指示”的意思，即“叫某人做某事”。例如：

Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress

was sold. 他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服被卖了。

While we were waiting to land, the airhostess told us to keep calm. 当我们等待着陆的时候，一位飞机乘务员叫我们保持镇静。

它的含义可以是“讲述某件事”。

inform 的含义是“向某人传递信息”。虽然它可以表示把任何别人不知道的事情说出来。以使人知晓，但是这个词特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料。例

如：

I have just received a letter from my old school infor—ming me that my former headmaster, Mr．Reginald Page, will be retiring next week. 我刚接到母校的一封信，通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德·佩奇先生将于下

星期退休。

▲友情提示：inform可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于下级对上级的通知。

【考例5】[2004 全国卷Ⅳ] Alice returned from the manager's offic, ____ me that the boss wanted to

see me at once．

A. having told

B. tells

C. t0 tell

D. telling

[考查目标] 本题考查tell的词义和语法变化。

[答案与解析]D 这是作为补充说明的现在分词短语

用法，tell在本句的句意是“告诉”。若用having told

表示的则是“前提”，而不是补充说明。

【考点3】touch 的用法

▲ 构词：touching adj. 动人的，令人同情的，令人感伤的

▲ 搭配：

①get in touch with 和……取得联系

②keep / stay in touch with 和……保持联系，

③lose touch with 和……失去联系，对……变得生疏

④out of touch with 同……失去联系，无……的消息【考例3】[2004重庆] She ____ the burned side of

her face.

A. pointed

B. showed

C. wiped

D. touched

[考查目标] 本题考查touch的意思。

[答案与解析]D touch意思是“触摸”的意思。本句的

句意是“她触摸了她滚烫的脸”。

2. vary vt. & vi. 变化，改变，变更；相异

A good driver varies the speed of his car according to

the condition of roads.

优秀的司机会依照路况变换车子的速度。

These sweaters vary in size / color.

这些毛衣有各种不同的尺寸／颜色。

Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.

对于这件事，人人意见不一。

My doctor said I should vary my diet more.

医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。

[拓展]various adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的

variety n. 多变性，多样性；种种

【考点6】warn 的用法

▲ 构词：warning n. 警告；预告，通知；借鉴，反面教材，教训

▲搭配：

①warn sb of / about sth 提醒／警告某人有……

②warn sb against sth 提醒／警告某人提防……

③warn sb against doing sth 提醒／警告某人不要……

④warn sb(not)to do sth 提醒／警告某人(不要)……

⑤warn sb that-clause 提醒／警告／预先通知某人……

⑥give sb warning 预先通知某人(特指解雇、辞职、退租等)

⑦without warning 突然

【考例6】[NMET 1996] The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat not

B. eating not

C. not to eat

D. not eating

[考查目标] 本题考查warn的宾语补语形式。

[答案与解析]C warn是一个常规动词，后面接动词

的不定式形式作宾语补语。

【考点7】wish的用法

▲搭配：

①wish (sb) to do sth. 希望／想要(某人)……

②wish that-clause 但愿……(从句用were型虚拟语

气)

③wish for 希望得到，渴望

【考例7】[NME 1991] We ____ each other the

best of luck in the examination.

A. hoped

B. wanted

C. expected

D. wished

[考查目标] 本题考查wish的词义以及它和近义词的区

别。

[答案与解析] D wish可以表示“祝愿”，后接代词(名词)宾语，然后接名词(或形容词)宾语补语。

[牛刀小试1]

用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(ahead, vary, touch, manage, step, tell, warn, detail,

wish, risk)

1. Next I'll ask Mr. Green to give some introduction in ____.

2. The twins look the same, so I can't ____ them

from each other.

3. When I left. Tom and his father ____ in.

4. I have ____ you not to be late many times, but

you are this time.

5. This box is not heavy; I can ____ myself.

6. When we saw the film, all of us were ____.

7. Best ____ to all of you, my good friends!

8. Anyone travelling without a passport runs the

____ of being arrested.

9. Few of us knew there was a big bridge 500 meters

【短语归类】

15. cut off 切断、断绝、割掉

Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity.

由于没电，许多城市及乡村的水源被切断了。

They killed the bison, cut off the skins and left the bodies behind to rot.

他们杀死野牛，剥去皮任其尸体腐烂。

[相关短语]

cut down 砍伐，削减，压缩

cut out 删掉，戒掉

cut short 打断，中断，缩短

cut through 穿过

We must cut down our expenses.

我们必须削减开支。

You'd better cut OUt the unimportant details of the article.

你最好删掉文章中那些无关紧要的细节。

He cut short his tour abroad and returned home.

他缩短了国外行程，回到了国内。

In China, the Tropic of Cancer cuts through Guangdong province.

在中国，北回归线穿过广东省。

【考点3】含cut的短语

①cut down 砍倒，减少，降低

②cut in 插话，打断

③cut up 切碎，挫伤

④cut off 切断，断绝，隔绝

⑤cut through 抄近路穿

⑥cut out 割掉，删掉

[例句] He was asking $400 for the ca, but we cut

him down to $350. 这辆汽车他要价400美元，但是我们把价杀到350美元。

The child kept cutting in while l talked with his father.

这个小孩在我与他父亲讲话时，老插话。

The trees cuts off our view of the sea. 这些树挡住了我们看大海的视线。

【考例3】(2005湖南) I was just talking to Margarm when Jackson ____.

A. cut in

B. cut down

C. cut out

D. cut up

[考查目标] 此题主要考查cut短语的用法。

[答案与解析]A 根据句意“我正与玛格丽特谈着话，杰克逊突然插嘴(cut in)了。”cut down “砍倒”，cut out “剪下”“cut up“切碎”，均与句意不符。

7. get through vt.

(1) 做完；读完；写完；吃完

How long does it take you to get through a letter?

你写一封信要花多少时间?

(2) 通过(考试、议案等)

He got through the driving license test last week.

上周他通过了驾驶执照考试。

(3) 穿越；穿过

The alley aheadis narrow, so atruck can't get through it.

前面的巷子很窄，所以卡车没办法通过。

(4) 给……接通电话

A little patience, and I'll get you through.

耐心一点，我就给你接通电话。

[拓展] get through 也可用作不及物动词，意为“(电话)接通”。

I called all day yesterday, but I couldn't get through (to you).

昨天我打了一天电话，但是都没办法联络到你。【考点2】含give的短语

①give sb. a hand 给某人帮个忙

②give a concert 开音乐会

③give up 放弃

④give in 让步，投降

⑤give birth to 生(孩子)

⑥give off 发出(蒸汽，光)

⑦give out 分发，用完，耗尽

⑧give away 分发，泄露．放弃

⑨give back 还，恢复

[例句] He gave up his seat to an old woman. 他把座位

让给一个老太太。

The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnapper's demands. 当局对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让

步的迹象。

Marx's ideas gave birth to communism. 马克思的思想

孕育了共产主义。

【考例2】(2002京、蒙、皖春招)

-- Smoking is bad for your health.

-- Yes, I know. But I simply can't ____.

A. give it up

B. give it in

C. give it Out

D. give it away

[考查目标]此题主要考查give短语的用法。

[答案与解析]A give up 放弃，戒掉；give in 屈服，让步；give out 分发；give away 赠送，给予。本段对话讨论的是有关戒烟的事，最后一句话意思是“但我只是戒不掉”。

【考点4】含hold的短语

①hold on 等一等，不挂断

②hold on to 抓住……不放

③hold a sport meeting 举行运动会

④hold up 举起，拿起，延误，耽搁

⑤hold back 阻止，抑制

⑥hold down 压制，压低

⑦hold off 拖延

⑧hold out 伸出，摆出，支持

⑨hold to 坚持

[例句] Hold on, everything will be all right. 坚持下去，

一切都会好的。

Construction of new plants has been held up. 新工厂的

建设搁浅了。

【考例4】(NMET 2002) We thought of selling this old furniture, but we've decided to ____ it. It might be valuable.

A. hold on to

B. keep up with

C. turn to

D. look after

[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的辨析。

[答案与解析]A hold on to 不要放弃；keep up with 跟上；turn to 转向；look after 照看。本句话的意思是“我们本想把这件旧家具卖掉，但是我们决定还是不卖它，它可能有价值”。

4. look into vt.

(1) 注视……的内部，往……里面看

She looked into the room and saw nothing.

她往房间里窥视，但什么也没看见。

The man looked into the girl's eyes and wanted to say something.

那人盯着女孩的眼睛，想要说些什么。

(2)调查，检查

The committee is looking into the cause of the accident.

委员会正在调查事故的原因。

11. more than

(1) more than“(数量)超过……以上”

People more than 18 years of age have the right to vote in China.

在中国年满18岁的人拥有选举权。

[提示] more than one后接单数名词时，在语意上虽为复数，但用单数的谓语动词。

More than one house was burnt down in the fire.

不止一间房屋在火灾中被烧毁。

[拓展] more than + 名词可译为“不只是”，相当于

not only；more than + 形容词、副词或动词可译为“很，非常" --- very；more than + 含有can的从句可译为“不”，常用来表示否定意义。

Tom and Jack are much more than classmates. They are close friends.

汤姆和杰克两人远不只是同学，他们还是知心朋友。What they did more than satisfied us.

他们所做的事使我们非常满足。

The cold was more than the children could bear.

寒冷是孩子们不能忍受的。

8. up and down adv. & prep.

(1) 上上下下

The boys went up and down the stone steps.

那些男孩在那段石阶上走上走下。

(2) 前前后后，相当于back and forth或backwards and forwards。

The teacher walked up and down (in) the classroom, with a book under his arm.

那位老师在教室里踱来踱去，胳膊底下挟着一本书。

(3) 到处，处处，相当于here and there。

I have looked for it up and down．

我到处都找过了。

(4) 来来往往，相当于come and go

In the street, cars are busy rushing up and down.

大街上，车辆来来往往。

【考点1】含“动词+ through"构成的短语

①go through 通过，经受，仔细检查

②get through 用完，完成某事，及格，接通，渡过难关

③look through 仔细检查，快速阅读

④put through 完成，达成。供某人上(学校)

⑤carry through 贯彻／进行到底

[例句] Let's start; there's a lot of work to get through.

开始吧，有大批工作要做呢。

The government is putting through some radical social reforms. 政府正在实行某些彻底的社会改革。

Always look your work through before handing it in. 交

作业前一定要仔细检查。

【考例1】(2005浙江) I couldn't ____. The line was busy.

A. go by

B. go around

C. get in

D. get through

[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的辨析。

[答案与解析]D 用来表示电话接通的短语是get through。go by 可以指“走过，路过”，也可以指“时间的流逝”；get in 意为“进入、参加、收获、插入”；go around意为“流传”。

[牛刀小试2]

1. They ____ all the details of the plan time and

again to make sure that the project went smoothly.

A. got through

B. went through

C. got over

D. dipp ed into

2. -- What's the matter with you?

-- After the long walk, my legs ____ and

couldn't go any further.

A. gave out

B. gave off

C. gave in

D. gave up

3. If traffic moves at low speeds, the number of acci-

dents is ____.

A. pulled back

B. cut down

C. cut off

D. turned off

4. Our flight was ____ by the thick fog. So we

didn't attend the meeting on time.

A. broken off

B. kept up

C. taken up

D. held up

☆词语比较☆

1. divide, separate

divide 侧重于把原来的整体分成若干部分；separate 把原来联合在一起的或靠近的人或物分离开来。separate 多与from一起搭配使用。

[提示] divide 构成的习惯搭配；

divide sth. in half / into halves 把……分成两半

Only a narrow strait separates North America from Asia.

仅仅一条海峡把北美洲与亚洲分开了。

Divide line A into six equal parts.

将线段A分为六等份。

2. emotion, feeling

这两个名词的一般含义都是“感情”。emotion也具

有feeling的含义，但是它的“感情”却多了一层“激动”的意义。是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈的“感情”或者“情绪”。可以说emotion = strong feelings。

A smile can open doors and tear down walls, and it can be used to expres almost any emotion.

一个笑容可以开启封闭的门户，可以拆除阻隔的障碍，可以表达几乎所有的感情。

The film aroused the emotion of the audience.

那部电影激起了观众们的情绪。

feeling一般表示“感觉”，feeling用复数形式表示“感情”。feelings所表示的“感情”可以足愉快的或痛苦的，也可以是喜爱的或厌恶的，而且这种反应既可能足精神的也可能是肉体的。除非根据上下文或者修饰语，一般看不出feeling的心理反应的性质。

You will hurt her feelings badly if you say so.

如果你这样说，你会深深地伤害她的感情的。

All the Chinese have very strong feelings on that subject.

所有中国人在这个问题方面都有强烈的情绪。

☆句型诠释☆

1. In France, a person seeing the sanle gesture will think

it means zero.

在法国，一位看到这一相同手势的人会认为它的意思是零。

seeing the same gesture 是现在分词短语作定语，相当于一定语从句who sees the same gesture。中学英语中，常用现在分词作定语。单个的分词作定语应置

于被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语应置于被修饰词

之后。

The girl looked at the falling leaves and was sad by herself.

女孩看着正在飘落的树叶，暗自伤神．．

The power station being built now will be one of the largest in China.

现在正在建设着的发电站将是中国最大的发电站之一。

2. While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.

尽管对身势语有许多不同的解释，有些动作却好像

是全球化的。

while 此处不是引导时间状语从句，作“当……时候”讲，也不是表对比，作“而，然而……”讲，而是引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”。

My brother is very tall while I am so short.

我弟弟很高而我却这么矮。(表对比)

He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.

他在洗澡的时候我正在准备晚餐。(当……时候)

While she was cooking, the children were playing

outside.

她做饭时，孩子们在外面玩。(与……同时)

While I understand your viewpoint, I don't agree with

you.

虽然我了解你的见解，我却不同意你。(虽然，尽管) 3. Many people come to theme parks looking for thrills

and entertainment.

许多人来到主题公园寻找刺激和娱乐。

句中looking for thrills and entertainment用作状语，

表示伴随情况。

The children rail away，running and laughing.

这些孩子连跑带笑地走r。

They stood there for an hour．watching the game.

他们站在那儿看了一个小时的比赛。

【现在分词作状语特别提示】

现在分洲在句中还可以表示以下几种情况：

①时间状语：

Walking around the city, we were impressed by the

city's new look.

在城里走时，城市的新容给我们留下深刻印象。

②条件状语：

Staying here for some time, you'll find the people here

are friendly.

若在此呆上一段时间，你会发现这里的人们很友好。

③原因状语：

Thinking he might be at home. I telephoned him.

考虑到他可能在家，我就给他打了电话。

4. Having enjoyed the rides at the Headland, visitors can

take the shuttle to the low-land.

在海角游玩了骑马之后，旅游者们可以乘火车去低地。

Having enjoyed the rides at the Headland 是现在分词

的完成形式，在句中作状语，强调enjoy这一动作在

take之前发生。

Having watered the vegetables, they began to pick the

apples．

他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。

Having been told many times, he still couldn't

understand it.

已经被告诉好几次了。他仍然不能理解它。

【句型归纳】

【考点1】And if we ale feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good

friend. 如果我们情绪低落或者感到孤独，那么没有比

看到好友的笑脸更好的了。

该句巾的nothing better 表示最高级。例如：

There is nothing better than to be with the person who

you love very much. 没有比与自己非常喜欢的人在一

起更好的了。

【考例1】(NMET 1996) How beautifully she sings ! I

have never ____.

A. the better voice

B. a good voice

C. the best voice

D. a better voice

[考查目标] 形容词的比较级表达最高级含义。

[答案与解析]D 句子中的never + better = best。该句

表示的是“This is the best voice that I have e ver

heard.”

【考点2】Walk past the Big Tower Free-fall Ride and the roller coaster will be on your left. 走过大楼自由落体车

乘。过山车就在你的左边。

该句中的“祈使句walk past... + and + 句子(常用…一般

将来时)”为一个固定句型。“祈使句+ and + 句子”，句

子中的祈使句相当于if条件状语从句。句子中的

“and”还可以用“or”。“and I / or”也可以用破折号代替。

还要注意祈使句的其他用法。例如：

Work hard and you will achieve success in time. = If

you work hard．you will achieve Success in time. 如果你

努力学习，你将来一定会取得成功。

Work hard or you'll regret some day in the future. = If

you don't work hard．you will regret some day in the future. 如果你不努力学习，你将来一定会后悔的。【考例2】(2004湖北) ____ straight on and you'll

see a church.

A. Go

B. Going

C. If you go

D. When going

[考查目标] 祈使句。

[答案与解析]A 句子的意思是“一直往前走，你就会看到一座教堂”。应该用go 构成祈使句。

【考点3】It seems that people just can't get enough of scary rides and exciting adventures. 仿佛人们对惊心动

魄的兜风和刺激冒险永远玩不够。

该句中的it seems that为形式主语的固定句型。例如：It seems that there is no way Out of our difficulty. 我们

似乎无法摆脱困境。

it作形式主语，常见的固定句型有：

(1) It be + 名词+ that clause

(2) It be + 形容词+ that clause

(3) It be + 过去分词+ that clause

(4) It seems / happened / turned out / oceurred to sb +

that clause

(5) It doesn't make any differences / doesn't matter +

that clause

(6)It + vt + sb + that clause

其中在(1)与(2)句型中有时也可以用不定式或v-ing

短语代替that从句作真正的主语。

【考例3】(NMET 1995 )____ is a fact that English

is being accepted as an international language.

A. There

B. This

C. That

D. It

[考查目标] 形式主语。

[答案与解析]D 根据句子的结构，需要一个形式主语。所以选it。

【考点4】Instead of rolling, twisting and looping like the roller coasters, thrill rides use technology and special

ef fects to give you a thrill. “动感电影”不像过山车。并

不翻滚、摇摆、翻跟头，而是利用高科技和特技效果给人以刺激。

该句中的instead of为复杂介词，表示“而不是，代替，替代”。instead of后是被否定的内容．常可以跟名词、代词或wing形式等，可以与in place of辛辛换。而in- stead是一个副词，单独使用。instead和instead of可

以互换，但要注意结构和语序大不相同。例如：Instead of smiling, each of them nlade a face. 他们每个