英语句子成分划分

英语句子成分划分
英语句子成分划分

一、句子成分的定义

句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个清晰完整的意思。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语和补语。句子成分是在句子中起一定功用的组成部分,包括主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表等。句子本身的结构是很简单的,只不过是结构套结构。

二、句子成分划分的种类

句子成分划分主要是对句子中的词、短语和从句进行划分。

1.词的划分:

如:1)Xiao Ming bought a beautiful flower.

主谓定

定宾

2)What I said is that you are kind.

主从系表从

从句再分: what I said

宾主谓

that you are kind

连接词主系表

一般来说,根据词性来划分词在句子中充当的成分是比较容易的,如:名词可以在句子中充当主语,宾语,表语等。动词只能表示

谓语的各种形式;形容词多作定语和表语,用来描述人或事物的性质、

特征、状态等等。

2.短语划分:

划分词组在句子中充当的成分较词稍难,因为词组在句子中的位置不确定,单个词作定语的时候,一般放在所修饰词的前面,如cle

ar water,而短语作定语时位置正相反,一定要放到所修饰词的后面

作后置定语,如the boy under the tree ( 树下的男孩),其中非

谓语动词短语作定语,其本身又表示一定的意义:

如:doing sth. 表示主动,进行的意思。

dong 表示被动完成的意思。

to do 放于句首表目的,作定语表示将来。

例:1)With the workers working in the factory, I paid a visit to it.

2) With the problem settled, I can go out to play.

3) To be energetic tomorrow, I’ll go to bed earlier tonigh

t.

4) With the problem to solve, the newly elected Mayor will

have a hard time.

句子1)中 working表示主动意义,其逻辑主语是workers,同时,根据句子的意思也表示进行的意义;句子2)中根据句意我们应

选择用过去分词settled来表示被动和完成的含义;句子3)中不定式位于句首表目的;句子4)中我们选用不定式to solve来表示将来要去做的事情,其逻辑主语为the mayor;。

当然,非谓语动词除了可以作定语,状语,还可以在句子中充当主语,宾语,表语和补语等。

如:1)To study English well is important.

主语

为了避免句子头重脚轻,我们通常用it代替不定式作形式主语。即:It is important to study English well.

形式主语真正的主语

2) I like swimming in this pool.

宾语

3)My car is broken by my friend.

表语

4)I see the egg eaten by the snake.

补语

3.从句划分:

句子成分划分中最难的就是由多个单句组成的复合句,尤其是定语从句和四大名词性从句。

如:

what在句子中引导宾语从句,同时在宾语从句中what引导主语从句,并在从句中充当tell的直接宾语;that用在is之后引导表语从句;why引导定语从句并在从句中充当状语;which引导定语从句并在从句中充当主语;who引导定语从句并在从句中充当主语;that引导的从句来解释idea,所以是同位语从句。

三、划分技巧

句子成分的划分纷繁复杂,但只要我们掌握方法,用心去做,勤学善思,问题也就迎刃而解了。首前,我们必须要耐心地去对待我们的学生,引导他们仔细观察这些句子,从基础抓起,一步一步地从词的划分过度到对句子的划分。其次,对于成分划分,我们一定要善于总结和利用一些规则:如

主谓宾定状

补,

枝叶主干分清楚,

定语必居主宾前,

谓前为状谓后补。

这是一段汉语句子成分划分的顺口溜,我们把它稍作修改就可以应用到英语中。如:[状] (定)主(定) [状] 谓

[状] (定)宾(定)《补》 [状]

一般来讲,状语的位置比较灵活,可置于句首,句中和句末;单个词通常作前置定语,短语和句子作后置定语;补语的位置不变。

1.词性划分

成分划分,对于词性的掌握也是非常必要的。例如,名词可作主语,宾语,表语等,动词要做谓语,介词后要接宾语,连词要连接平衡的词或短语,还可以连接句子,构成各种从句。了解了这些之后,我们就可以把英语单词按照这些规则进行排列,如:

a clever girl 中间是形容词,后面是名词,前面一定是限定词

a clever girl前面是冠词,后面是名词,中间一定是形容词

a clever girl前面是冠词,中间是形容词,后面一定是名词

2.短语规则:

对于短语的使用规则,我们也可以总结,如:所有的短语作定语都要放在所修饰词的后面,如:The girl in the red is my siste r. 穿红衣服的那个女孩是我妹妹

(1)分词短语作定语后置,相当于定语从句。

I admire people speaking English.

= I admire people who speak English.

= I admire people. People speak English.

(2)分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语与主句的主语一致。

Seeing from the window, I saw a bird.

= I saw from the window; I saw a bird.

= When I saw from the window, I saw a bird.

Seen from the window, a bird was small.

= A bird was seen from the window; a bird was small

= When the bird was seen from the window, it was small 3.从句特点划分:

对于定语从句和四大名词性从句的划分,我们要以谓语为中心,首先明确各个成分在句子中的的位置,如图所示:

宾从(定从)

(同从)

主从(定从)

(同从)

表从(定从)

(同从)

然后把从句看作一个整体,把定语从句看作一个形容词,放在所修饰词的后面,把四大名词性从句看作名词。如:

1. The girl who is in the red is my sister.

=adj.

2. What I said is right.

= n.

3. I think that you are very kind.

= n.

4. The reason is that you are late.

= n.

5. The fact that I won the game makes me excited.

= n.

所有的从句都有一个特点,那就是它一定要有一个引导词,这个引导词可以是代词、副词或连词。这就要求我们清楚的记得各个从句的引导词的数量及其作用。如:定语从句中有8个关系代词,3个关系副词,且在从句中都要充当句子成分;四大名词性从句由10个连接代词,6个连接副词和n个连词来引导,且代词和副词既起连接作用,又要在从句中充当成分,连词只起连接作用。

如:1. I like the place where I was born.

连接作用、状语

2. The fact that I won the game makes me excited.

连接作用

3. What I said is right.

连接作用、主语

四、实际应用

掌握了以上这些规则,我们在实际操作时就有据可依了。

1.语法填空

如:(1)I like the place ________ I was born.

在填空前,根据各种从句的特征,我们首先明确这是个定语从句,再看横线后面的句子是否完整,完整就缺副词,不完整就缺代词。I w as born.是个完整的句字,所以应选择副词(when \where\why),

最后还要看横线前面的词,place表示地点,所以应填where,把句子还原应为I was born in the place, 就划线部分提问应用where 来代替in the place, 在从句中充当状语。

(2)The fact _____I won the game makes me excited.

首先找出句子的主干,the fact为主语,makes为谓语,从句____I won the game解释 the fact的内容,作同位语。再看从句中各种成分完整,句中也不缺少时间、地点、原因及方式的意义,故选连词t hat。

(3)I know _________he said.

句中出现两个谓语动词,此句为复合句,那么哪个动词作主句的谓语呢?根据句意及结构know应为主句谓语,并缺少自己的宾语,而从句中谓语said也缺少自己的宾语,所以此句缺少两个成分,能够在英语句子中担此重任的只有一个词,那就是what。我们可以把句子假设为I know the word the word he said.然后再用代词that把句子变成定语从句I know the word that he said.这样句子中缺少的两个成分就变成了一个名词+that的形式,所以我们得出当句子中缺少两个成分时,我们就选what,因为what=n。+ that。

2.阅读理解

在阅读理解中遇到长句子,我们应如何处理?首先将枝叶部分删去,剩下的便是句子主干,句意随即清晰。如:

Tom, an old farmer, who was born in a remote village, often helps others who were in poor condition that can’t be imp roved now.

删去句子的枝叶部分后,主干为Tom often helps others。这样就可以迅速而准确地把握句意。

3.翻译与写作:

在翻译和写作中,我们的做法刚好与阅读理解中的做法相反,基础写作也就是翻译(把要表达的信息翻译出来),翻译时要先译主干,再添枝叶。

如:一个出生早偏远山村的老农民汤姆,经常帮助那些处于困境中暂时又得不到改善的人们。

首先,翻译主干Tom often helps others。然后添上枝叶变成T om ,an old farmer, who was born in a remote village, often helps others who were in poor condition that can’t be impr oved now.

总之,学习每种语言都不是件简单的事,都需要我们认真地去品味,要想把英语学好,我们的母语起到关键性的作用。另外,兴趣是学生最好的老师。具备以上两点,在英语老师和各种教辅资料的帮助下,我想英语学习不再为难。

划分句子成分划分英语句子成分经典练习

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英语句子成分划分的基本概述附配套练习和答案

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It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”, 3 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语 You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语 Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语 That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 4.宾语 ▲宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起

英语语法——英语句子成分分析

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英语句子成分划分

一、句子成分的定义 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个清晰完整的意思。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语和补语。句子成分是在句子中起一定功用的组成部分,包括主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表等。句子本身的结构是很简单的,只不过是结构套结构。 二、句子成分划分的种类 句子成分划分主要是对句子中的词、短语和从句进行划分。 1.词的划分: 如:1)Xiao Ming bought a beautiful flower. 主谓定 定宾 2)What I said is that you are kind. 主从系表从 从句再分: what I said 宾主谓 that you are kind 连接词主系表

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英语句子成分划分详解

概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”-----人 We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”----物 The classroom is very big. 数词作主语----人或物 Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语-----事《相当于语文中的短语:争取冠军是有可能的》 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor ’s job. 从句作主语------一件事(句子)《例:张三打人是不对的》 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲ 在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如: There are some bottles of milk in the box.《some bottles of milk are in the box.》 ▲ 在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it 作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick ”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. 没有区别嘛 it 也是代表的一件事

(完整word版)初中英语句子成分划分

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【英语专业四级】句子成分划分练习答案

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英语划分句子成分知识点总结

英语划分句子成分知识点总结

英语句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it 作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students. (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)Is it yours?(代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词)

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(完整word版)初中英语划分句子成分习题

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(完整版)英语句子成分划分练习题

句子成分练习

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