高三复习 非谓语动词

e.g. The houses being built (build) now are for the teachers.
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1. He was the last one ____ (leave) school yesterday.
2. The child ____ (stand) over there is my brother．
3. doing 与被修饰名词主动关系
I don’t know the boy standing (stand) under the tree.
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4. done 与被修饰名词被动关系
e.g. Have you read the novel written (write) by Dickens?
5. being done 正在被做
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5. done过去分词作状语 与逻辑主语是被动关系， e.g. Encouraged (encourage) by her teachers,
Rose did well at school.
6. Having been done作状语 与逻辑主语是被动关系，且先发生 Having been asked (ask) work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
heard above the sound of the music. e.g. I’m very glad to see (see) you.
②表意想不到的结果，结果却… e.g. He hurried to the station only to find that the train
had left.
his parents for help.
4. Having done作状语 与逻辑主语是主动关系，先于主句谓语动词发生 e.g. Having bought (buy) a precious diamond necklace for his wife, Tom couldn’t afford a tie for himself.
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5. Do you have the ability __ (read and write) English? 6. The building ___ (build) next year is our dormitory. 7. I think the scientific advances ___ (mention) in your
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③某些抽象名词如ability，attempt, chance, opportunity, effort，用to do作后置定语
e.g. Do you have the ability to read and write English?
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2. to be done 表将来，“将被做”
e.g. The question to be discussed (discuss) tomorrow is very important.
article are interesting. 8. The meeting __ (hold) now is of great importance.
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(二) 非谓语作状语
1. to do ① 表“目的”，为了做某事。还可作原因状语 e.g. Helen had to shout to make (make) herself
②当被修饰的名词前面又被序数词和最高级修饰时 或被the only修饰时 e.g. He was the best man to do (do) the job. e.g. She was the first woman to win (win) the gold
medal in the Olympic Games.
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一、功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾语补足语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
v-ing √ √ √ √ √ √
v-ed
√√√ √
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二、主要用法
（一） 非谓语动词做定语 1. to do作后置定语 ①表将来 e.g. The car to be bought (buy) is for his sister.
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2. to be done作状语 ①表“目的”，为了被… ②表意想不到的的结果，结果却被… e.g. He hurried to the station only to be told (tell)
that the train had left.
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3. doing 作状语 与逻辑主语是主动关系，且与主句的谓语动词 基本上同时发生 e.g. Not knowing (know)what to do, he went to
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★ 补充： 非谓语作状语，也可用连词when, while, once, until, if, unless, although +doing或done
e.g. If given more attention to, the trees could have grown better.
e.g. We have to consider the need for environmental protection when developing economy.
3. Peter received a letter just now ________(say) his grandma would come to see him soon.
4. Imes _____(hold) in London in 2020 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.
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1. The island, (join) to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
2. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ____(say) nothing about the argument.