Mixed Conditionals
牛津高中英语模块6第四单元语法
主 句(谓动)
would /could… do
would /could …have done
were/ did
had done were to do should do were/did
would/ could… do
If the fire ___________________ ( not break)out , hadn’t broken no one________________________ (be killed)in the would have been killed disaster last week.
She was ill yesterday. Mary’s birthday party She was ill yesterday. If she hadn’t been ill yesterday, she would have attended Mary’s birthday party. Otherwise/ Or She was ill yesterday.______________ she would have attended Mary’s birthday party.
If the workers _________(be) more had been careful that day, they wouldn’t be ___________ (not be)in prison now.
had not been If the wind ____________(not be)so strong at that time,the result _________________ would not become (not become)so bad now.
英语从句的类型总结
英语从句的类型总结英语从句是英语中最常见的语法结构之一，它可以用来表示各种不同的语义关系和表达方式。
有许多种类型的英语从句，每种类型都有其特定的语法结构和用法。
本文将对常见的英语从句类型进行总结，包括名词性从句、定语从句、副词从句和条件从句等。
名词性从句（Noun Clauses）是用来作为名词的成分的从句。
它可以在句子中扮演主语、宾语、表语或宾补的角色。
名词性从句的引导词通常有“that”、“if”、“whether”、“who”、“whom”、“whose”、“which”、“what”等。
例如：1. 主语从句（Subject Clauses）：- What you said is true.（你说的是真的。
）- Whether he will come tomorrow remains to be seen.（他明天是否会来还不确定。
）2. 宾语从句（Object Clauses）：- She said that she would arrive late.（她说她会迟到。
）- I don't know what the answer is.（我不知道答案是什么。
）3. 表语从句（Predicate Clauses）：- The important thing is that we try our best.（重要的是我们尽力去做。
）- His dream is to be a famous writer.（他的梦想是成为一名著名的作家。
）4. 宾补从句（Complement Clauses）：- I made a promise that I would help him.（我承诺会帮助他。
） - They declared him to be the winner.（他们宣布他是胜利者。
）定语从句（Adjective Clauses）是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它通常位于被修饰的名词或代词之后，并用来限定或描述该名词或代词。
条件句ConditionalS
Example: If you work hard, you will succeed.
If a boy looks at me, I am flattered.
There are four main types of conditional patterns.
Type I : whenever-type real conditional Type II : probable real conditional Type III : improbable unreal conditional Type IV : imaginary unreal conditional
3. do not have breakfast, hungry Answer
34.4 Type III: Improbable Unreal Conditional
Used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future.
Exercise 1
如果核武器用于世界大战，世界就会毁 灭。
If nuclear weapons are employed in a world war, the world will be destroyed.
Exercise 2
Make up a sentence using the following phrases.
I keep it. she often walked to work.
34.3 Type II : Probable Real Conditional
Used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future.
三种事态英语作文模板
三种事态英语作文模板英文回答：Types of Conditionals。
Conditionals are grammatical structures that express the relationship between a condition (if-clause) and a result (main clause). There are three main types of conditionals:Zero Conditional。
If-clause: Simple present tense。
Main clause: Simple present tense。
Expresses a general truth or fact.> for example, "If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils."First Conditional。
If-clause: Simple present tense。
Main clause: Future tense with "will"Expresses a possible or probable event.> for example, "If you water the plants regularly, they will grow."Second Conditional。
If-clause: Past simple tense。
Main clause: Would + infinitive。
Expresses an unlikely or impossible event.> for example, "If I won the lottery, I would buy a mansion."Mixed Conditionals。
混合条件句
3. he wouldn’t have got a part in a soap opera. 4. his photo wouldn’t have appeared on the cover of a popular magazine.
Mixed Conditionals
3+2 If sb. had done, sb. would do
*表示与过去事实相反的某一条件 给现在带来的结果或影响
2+3 If sb. did, sb. would have done *表示与现在事实相反的某一条件 给过去所带来的影响
Page80 The key of Ex.1
1.如果他多得6票,他现在就是我们的主席了. If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now. 2. 如果医生昨天晚上早点来, Amy今天还活着. Amy would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night. 3. 如果今天有洪水,明天就会停课. If there were a flood today, there would be no classes tomorrow.
5. he wouldn’t have married a pop star.
Page80 The key of Ex.1
5. If Paul hadn’t failed his exam, he wouldn’t have to take it again. 6. If Lucy hadn’t been very proud, she wouldn’t reject their help. 7. If I had been fit, I would go mountain climbing.
虚拟语气教案2
Unreal conditionalsUnreal conditionals and things hoped for or desiredThere are other ways to talk about unreal situations apart from those we have learnt.1. We use mixed conditionals when the time of the main clause is different from that of the if clause.1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。
（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。
）2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already.如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
）3) If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now.如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。
4) If the machine were in good conditions, we would have used it in our last experiment.要是这台机器情况良好，我们上次就将它用于试验了。
5) If you were to visit Hainan in two days, I could arrange for some of my friends there to meet you at the airport.假如你过两天去海南，我现在就可以安排我在那儿的朋友去机场接你。
英语小测验：混合条件句
英语小测验：混合条件句英语中的混合条件句（mixed conditionals）或错综时间条件句指同一句话中包含两种不同时态的句子，分别用来谈论不同时间所发生的事情。
混合条件句可以表达两类情况：第一类用来描述一种与过去相反的情况所导致的现在可能发生的结果；第二类用来描述一种与真实情况相反从而导致的与过去相反的可能结果。
混合条件句通常由表示事与愿违的虚拟条件句（third conditional）和表现在或未来情况的虚拟条件句（second conditional）的相应成分组成。
比如：If I hadn't graduated from university, I wouldn't be who I am now. 如果我大学没毕业，就不会成为现在的自己。
前半句使用了过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况；后半句使用“would (not) + 动词原形”的结构，表示现在有可能发生的结果。
做八道题，看看你能否选出时态正确且句意通顺的混合条件句。
1. Which of the following sentences uses the correct form of the mixed conditional?a) If Annika will tune her guitar, the sound would be so beautiful.b) If Annika had been tuning her guitar, the sound could be so beautiful.c) If Annika hadn’t tuned her guitar, the sound wouldn’t be so beautiful.d) If Annika wasn’t tuning her guitar, the sound would be so beautiful.2. Which of the following sentences uses the correct form of the mixed conditional?a) If I hadn’t married an American, I wouldn’t be living in America.b) If I hadn’t married an American, I wouldn’t have been living in America.c) If I was going to marry an American, I could be living in America.d) If I didn’t marry an American, I wouldn’t have lived in America.3. Which of the following sentences uses the correct form of the mixed conditional?a) If I studied history at university, I could have been a history lecturer.b) If I was studying history at university, I could be a history lecturer.c) If I had been studying history at university, I could be a history lecturer.d) If I had studied history at university, I could be a history lecturer.4. Which of the following sentences uses the correct form of the mixed conditional?a) If his hearing wasn’t being so bad, he would have heard the doorbell.b) If his hearing was so bad, he would have heard the doorbell.c) If his hearing wasn’t so bad, he would have been hearing the doorbell.d) If his hearing hadn’t been so bad, he would hear the doorbell.5. Which of the following sentences uses the correct form of the mixed conditional?a) If my manager wasn’t such a good leader, he wouldn’t have understood how to motivate everyone on the new project.b) If my manager hadn’t have been such a good leader, he wouldn’t have understood how to motivate everyone on the new project.c) If my manager won’t have been such a good leader, he wouldn’t have understood how to motivate everyone on the new project.d) If my manager wasn’t such a good leader, he wouldn’t have been understanding how to motivate everyone on the new project.6. Which of the following sentences uses the correct form of the mixed conditional?a) If Chang wasn’t being interested in justice, he wouldn’t have studied law at university.b) If Chang wasn’t interested in justice, he won’t have studied law at university.c) If Chang wasn’t interested in justice, he wouldn’t have been studying law at university.d) If Chang wasn’t interested in justice, he wouldn’t have studied law at university.7. Which of the following sentences uses the correct form of the mixed conditional?a) If Chu had passed her driving test, she would be buying a car.b) If Chu had passed her driving test, she would to buying a car.c) If Chu had been passing her driving test, she would buy a car.d) If Chu would have passed her driving test, she would buy a car.8. Which of the following sentences uses the correct form of the mixed conditional?a) If I hadn’t been so angry, I wouldn’t have shouted at him.b) If I wasn't so angry, I would have shouted at him.c) If I won't be angry, I could have shouted at him.d) If I hadn't been so angry, I won't be shouting at him.答案1) c, 2) a, 3) d, 4) b, 5) a, 6) d, 7) a, 8) a.。
高效趣味英语课堂——虚拟语气精讲
ZERO CONDITIONAL
If you don’t water flowers, they die.
CONDITION
RESULT
If you have a headache, stop watching TV.
If clause: PREБайду номын сангаасENT SIMPLE,
Main clause: PRESENT SIMPLE or IMPERATIVE
With zero conditional, we express a general truth or we give advice.
Use of “If” (condition) vs “When” (time clauses)
today. 8. When I get / will get married, I have / I’m going to have a simple
wedding.
SUMMARY: Real Conditionals
• Conditionals are sentences in which one thing depends on another.
Imagining the Present were different
One simple way to imagine that things in the present were different is to use wish + past simple Example: I live near the beach, but I wish I lived near the mountains. My boyfriend is so busy that he has no time for me. I wish he didn’t work so much.
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以上例句都是对现实的一种假设，很难 成为现实，并且条件从句中的动作和主 句的动作发生的时间不一致，这种句子 叫混合条件句(Mixed conditionals)。 If you had followed my advice just now, you would be fine now. 注意:这个句子中,条件从句的时间状语 是just now, 而主句的时间状语是now, 构成了混合条件句。
3
Time reference The past The future The present
Verb form 情态动词 +perfect infinitive 情态动词 +present infinitive 情态动词 +present infinitive
Practice
Translation 1.如果过去天气好一些， 现在庄稼还会 长得更好。 If the weather had _______ been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better. 2.要是大夫昨晚来得早一点， Amy 今天 还活着。 If the doctor had ________ come sooner last night, Amy ________ would be alive today.
7 Write mixed conditional sentences. 1. If John weren’t so fat, he wouldn’t have joined a basketball team at school. If John hadn’t had problems losing weight, he wouldn’t be of average build. 2. If Jessica hadn’t be a world-class dancer, she wouldn’t suffer from back problems. If Jessica weren’t a famous person now, she wouldn’t be able to support her family.
2. —I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day. —Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
Mixed Conditionals
Presentation
Observe the sentences. Are they real or unreal statements? 1. If current Olympic Champion Marion Jones took such drugs, she would probably have broken that world record more than once. 2. If he had broken that record, he would be a world-famous runner now.
6. If he missed the bus, he _____ to school on foot. A. would go B. went C. would have gone D. had gone 7. Had I known her name, ______. A. or does she know mine B. she would come here C. I would have invited her to lunch D. she had come
解题技巧: 确定是否是虚拟语气; 将句子 中的时间所对应的时态往后退一步。
Condition Time reference Verb form
1
2 3
The present
The future The past
Past simple
Past simple Past perfect
Result 1 2
8. It ____ a different matter now if you ____ his advice. A. is, had followed B. was, followed C. might be, had followed D. might be, followed
9. The soldier died in the hospital. He ___ if the doctor ____ on him two hours before. A. might be saved, operated B. could have been saved, had been operated C. could be saved, had operated D. could have been saved, had operated
5. ____ you ____ to the teacher, you ___ how to use the idioms now. A. Had, listened, would know B. If, listen, know C. If, had listened, would have known D. Had, listened, know
3. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
4. If you ____ at school, you ____ a college student now. A. had studied hard; would have been B. should have studied hard; should have been C. had studied hard; would be D. would study hard; must have been
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
3.如果他多得六票， 他现在就是我们的 主席。 If he ___________ had received six more votes, he ________ would be our chairman now. 4. 如果他昨天腿没受伤，现在就可以和 我们一起去了。 hurt his legs yesterday, he If he hadn’t __________ ________ would go with us now.
10. —If he ___, he ____ that food. —Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken
Production
1. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed