国际内部审计专业实务标准
国际内部审计专业实务标准
国际内部审计专业实务标准属性标准1000-宗旨、权力和职责内部审计部门的宗旨、权力和职责必须在内部审计章程中按照“内部审计定义”、《职业道德规范》和《标准》的相关内容正式确定。
首席审计执行官必须定期审查内部审计章程，并提交高级管理层和董事会审批。
1000.A1 –向组织提供的确认服务的性质必须在内部审计章程中明确规定。
如果内部审计部门向组织外部的有关方面提供确认服务，则此类确认服务的性质也必须在内部审计章程中确定。
1000.C1–咨询服务的性质也必须在内部审计章程中中确定。
1010-在内部审计章程中确认“内部审计定义”、《职业道德规范》和《标准》。
“内部审计定义”、《职业道德规范》和《标准》的强制性必须在内部审计章程中得到确认。
首席审计执行官应向高级管理层和董事会解释和讨论“内部审计定义”、《职业道德规范》和《标准》。
1100-独立性和客观性内部审计部门必须保持其独立性，内部审计师必须客观的开展工作。
1110-组织的独立性首席审计执行官必须向组织内部能够确保内部审计部门履行职责的层级报告。
首席审计执行官必须至少每年一次向董事会确认内部审计审计部门在组织中的独立性。
1110.A1 –内部审计部门在内部审计范围、开展工作和报告结果时，必须免受干预。
1111-与董事会的直接互动首席审计执行官必须与董事会直接沟通和互动。
1120-个人的客观性内部审计师必须有公正、不偏不倚的态度，避免任何利益冲突。
1130-对独立性和客观性的损害如果独立性和客观性受到实质和形式上的损害，必须向适当的对象披露损害的具体情况。
披露的性质视受损害情况而定。
1130.A1-内部审计师必须避免评价其以往负责的特定业务。
如果内部审计师为其在上一年度内负责的业务提供确认服务时，则其客观性视为受到损害。
1130.A2-确认服务涉及到审计执行官负责的职能领域时，必须由独立于内部审计部门的某一方进行监督。
1130.C1内部审计师可以对其以往负责的业务提供咨询服务。
内部审计实务标准
内部审计实务标准内部审计实务标准是指为了规范内部审计活动，提高内部审计效益，加强内部控制，保护公司资产和利益，制定的一系列规范性文件和程序。
它是内部审计职业道德准则的具体指南，是内部审计活动的基础和准则。
下面将从内部审计实务标准的定义、内容、重要性和遵守标准的意义等方面进行详细阐述。
内部审计实务标准是指用于规范内部审计活动的一系列准则和规范。
内部审计实务标准主要涵盖了内部审计的目标、职责、权限、程序和技术等各个方面。
内部审计实务标准的制定和执行是由国际审计与保管准则委员会（IIA）负责，并通过全球内部审计师协会（IIA）的会员机构来推广和实施。
1.审计目标和职责：明确内部审计的目标是什么以及内部审计员的职责是什么，以确保内部审计员能够进行正确的工作。
2.审计计划和程序：确定内部审计的过程和程序，包括了解审计对象、制定审计计划、评估风险、收集证据、发表审计意见等环节。
3.审计方法和技术：包括内部审计员在审计过程中需要使用的各种方法和技术，如数据分析、风险评估等。
4.报告和意见：规定了内部审计报告的内容和形式，以及内部审计员对审计结果提出的建议和意见。
5.行为规范和职业道德准则：要求内部审计员在履行职责过程中遵守一定的行为规范和职业道德准则，保持独立性和客观性。
首先，内部审计实务标准是规范内部审计活动的基础，能够确保内部审计员按照一定的程序和规范进行工作，提高内部审计的质量和效益。
其次，内部审计实务标准有助于加强公司的内部控制，通过审计的方式识别和纠正公司内部的问题和风险，保护公司的资产和利益。
再次，内部审计实务标准有助于促进内部审计的独立性和客观性，规定了内部审计员应遵守的行为规范和职业道德准则，确保内部审计员能够公正、客观地开展工作。
最后，内部审计实务标准有助于提高内部审计员的专业水平和综合能力，规定了内部审计员需要掌握的技术和知识，推动内部审计员不断学习和提升自己。
遵守内部审计实务标准对于内部审计工作具有重要的意义。
国际内部审计专业实务框架
国际内部审计专业实务框架
国际内部审计专业实务框架是由国际内部审计协会（IIA）推出的一套标准，旨在帮助内部审计部门有效地管理和实施内部审计工作，提高内部审计的质量和效率。
该框架由两个部分组成：核心实践要素，以及一系列支持实践的支持资源。
核心实践要素包括十大主要领域：策略、规划、聚焦审计、评估及报告、持续支持、审计服务、项目管理、风险管理、人员及组织和沟通协调。
每个领域涵盖不同的实践方法以及有针对性的标准，要求审计机构确保内部审计能够有效地实施。
支持实践的支持资源包括三个主要方向：技术支持、制度支持和管理环境支持。
技术支持资源包括战略审计、人力资源审计、信息系统审计、绩效审计和财务审计等，制度支持可以帮助实施质量评估，以及编制内部审计规程、审计方案、审计程序、审计电子文件等，而管理环境支持则可以帮助建立内部审计机制，满足审计部门的报告组织、能力管理和认可等诉求。
国际内部审计专业实务框架的实施不仅提高审计机构的质量，而且还可以为企业审计机构提供重要的依据，使企业能够建立一套有效的内部审计管理制度。
它有助于保持内部控制固有的有效性，以及改善内部审计工作绩效，避免出现问题和争议，满足企业对可靠财务报告和整体风险管理的需求。
国际内部审计专业实务框架培训资料(PPT 56张)
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框架不同
一、内部审计实务标准及演进（续）
May 2
May 2
一、内部审计实务标准及演进（续）
3、2004年1月后国际内审实务标准修改的内容包括（续）
Practice Advisory 1330-1: Use of "Conducted in Accordance with the Standards” Practice Advisory 2100-8: The Internal Auditor’s Role in Evaluating An Organization’s Privacy Framework Practice Advisory 2100-9 Applications Systems Review Practice Advisory 2100-10 Audit Sampling Practice Advisory 2100-11 Effect of Pervasive IS Controls Practice Advisory 2100-12 Outsourcing of IS Activities
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迄今为止在中国相关网站中可以查到的更新通知为2006年10月24日公布的“IIA对《 部审计专业实务标准》第1312条进行修订 ”
一、内部审计实务标准及演进（续）
3、2004年1月后国际内审实务标准修改的内容包括
Practice Advisory 1000.C1-3 Additional Considerations for Consulting Engagements in Government Organizational Settings Practice Advisory 1210.A2-1: Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Fraud Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Detection
【资格考试】CIA科1-第01讲强制指南(国际内审师备考资料)
运营业务:对组织运营的效率和效果进行评价， 包括执行情况、业绩目标和防止不利情形的保障措施；
现代内部审计提供的服务包括: 对组织的控制、风险、治理进行检查和评价。（对财务状况的检查只是内部审计的一部分。）
内部审计业务范围:
广泛的、不受限制的范围。
为满足各利益相关方（治理层、管理层等）和自身发展的要求、内部审计由内部审计师对组织内不同的运营和控制实施进行系统、客观的评价，广泛的工作范围涉及财务信息、合规性、信息技术（IT）、运营以及风险和控制等，现阶段，内部审计则致力于综合审计业务领域，这些业务领域更能凸显现代内部审计师广泛强调的增值服务和与风险、控制和治理活动相关联的要点。
A1.3 内部审计活动的宗旨、权力和职责
第02讲 内部审计的定义及其理解
章节A1.1 内部审计的定义及其理解
主要内容：
— A1.1.1 现代内部审计
— A1.1.2 内部审计定义的释义
— A1.1.3 确认和咨询服务
A1.1.1 现代内部审计:
现代内部审计的目的:
内部审计已经从最初的主要以会计为导向发展为以管理为导向的专业。
内部审计的概念性框架
[ 讲义编号NODE01044700010100000102：针对本讲义提问]
《国际内部审计专业实务框架》（The IIA’s International Professional Practices Framework- IPPF）是由（The Institute of Internal Auditors）国际技术委员会按照适当程序制定的权威标准，它包括:
工作标准阐述了内部审计工作的性质，并提出衡量内部审计活动质量的准绳，从总体上说明内部审计服务
内部审计实务标准.doc
内部审计实务标准.doc
内部审计实务标准
国际内部审计实务标准1000-目的、权力和职责内部审计部门的目的、权力和职责必须根据内部审计《职业道德规范》和《标准》的定义在内部审计章程中正式定义。
首席审计官必须定期审查内部审计章程，并提交高级管理层和董事会批准。
《内部审计章程》的解释是一份正式文件，规定了内部审计活动的目的、权力和责任。
它确立了内部审计部门在组织中的地位，授权内部审计部门接触与业务发展相关的记录、人员和实物资产，并界定了内部审计活动的范围。
批准内部审计章程的最终权力属于董事会。
1000.A1-首席执行官必须定期审查内部审计章程，并提交给高级管理层和董事会批准。
《内部审计章程》的解释是一份正式文件，规定了内部审计活动的目的、权力和责任。
它确立了内部审计部门在组织中的地位，授权内部审计部门接触与业务发展相关的记录、人员和实物资产，并界定了内部审计活动的范围。
批准内部审计章程的最终权力属于董事会。
1000.A1:个人利益冲突、工作范围限制、记录访问限制、个人和实物资产、资金等资源限制等。
披露独立性或客观性受损细节的适当目标取决于内部审计章程中记录的内部审计部门和首席执行官对高级管理层和董事会的责任，。
国际内部审计实务标准版
实务公告 2100—2：信息安全性..........................................................................................50 实务公告 2100—3：内部审计在风险管理过程中的作用 ..................................................50 实务公告 2100—4：内部审计..............................................................................................51 实务公告 2100—5：在评价合规项目时的法律考虑 ..........................................................52 实务公告 2110—1：评估风险管理过程的充分性 ..............................................................55 实务公告 2120.A1—1：对控制过程的评价和报告 ............................................................57 实务公告 2120.A1—2：应用控制自我评价 ........................................................................59 实务公告 2120.A1－3：内部审计在季度财务报告、披露和管理层证明方面的作用 ....61 实务公告 2120.A4—1：控制标准 ........................................................................................64 实务公告 2130—1：内部审计部门......................................................................................64 实务公告 2200—1：审计业务计划......................................................................................66 实务公告 2210—1：审计目标..............................................................................................67 实务公告 2210.A1—1：审计业务计划过程中的风险评价 ................................................67 实务公告 2230—1：审计业务资源的分配 ..........................................................................68 实务公告 2240—1：审计工作方案......................................................................................69 实务公告 2240.A1—1：审计工作方案的审批 ....................................................................69 实务公告 2310—1：收集信息..............................................................................................70 实务公告 2320—1：分析与评价..........................................................................................70 实务公告 2330—1：记录信息..............................................................................................71 实务公告 2330.A1—1：对审计记录的控制 ........................................................................72 实务公告 2330.A1—2：对授权接触审计记录的法律考虑 ...............................................73 实务公告 2330.A2—1：对记录的保留 ...............................................................................75 实务公告 2340—1：对审计的监督.....................................................................................75 实务公告 2400—1：报告审计结果时的法律考虑 .............................................................76 实务公告 2410—1：报告标准.............................................................................................77 实务公告 2420—1：审计报告的质量.................................................................................79 实务公告 2421—1：错误与遗漏..........................................................................................80 实务公告 2440—1：发布审计结果.....................................................................................80 实务公告 2440—2：对外发布审计报告 .............................................................................81 实务公告 2500—1：对审计结果处理情况的监督 .............................................................82 实务公告 2500.A1—1：后续审计过程 ...............................................................................82 实务公告 2600—1：管理层对风险的接受 ..........................................................................83 读者反馈......................................................................................................................................... 84
国际内部审计专业实务框架2017版(ippfstandards2017)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE OFINTERNAL AUDITING (STANDARDS)Introduction to the StandardsInternal auditing is conducted in diverse legal and cultural environments; for organizations that vary in purpose, size, complexity, and structure; and by persons within or outside the organization. While differences may affect the practice of internal auditing in each environment, conformance with The IIA’s International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (Standards) is essential in meeting the responsibilities of internal auditors and the internal audit activity.The purpose of the Standards is to:1. Guide adherence with the mandatory elements of the International ProfessionalPractices Framework.2. Provide a framework for performing and promoting a broad range of value-addedinternal auditing services.3. Establish the basis for the evaluation of internal audit performance.4. Foster improved organizational processes and operations.The Standards are a set of principles-based, mandatory requirements consisting of: Statements of core requirements for the professional practice of internal auditing and for evaluating the effectiveness of performance that are internationally applicable atorganizational and individual levels.Interpretations clarifying terms or concepts within the Standards.The Standards, together with the Code of Ethics, encompass all mandatory elements of the International Professional Practices Framework; therefore, conformance with the Code of Ethics and the Standards demonstrates conformance with all mandatory elements of the International Professional Practices Framework.The Standards employ terms as defined specifically in the Glossary. To understand and apply the Standards correctly, it is necessary to consider the specific meanings from the Glossary. Furthermore, the Standards u se the word “must” to specify an unconditional requirement and the word “should” where conformance is expected unless, when applying professional judgment, circumstances justify deviation.The Standards comprise two main categories: Attribute and Performance Standards. Attribute Standards address the attributes of organizations and individuals performing internal auditing. Performance Standards describe the nature of internal auditing and provide quality criteria against which the performance of these services can be measured. Attribute and Performance Standards apply to all internal audit services.Implementation Standards expand upon the Attribute and Performance Standards by providing the requirements applicable to assurance (.A) or consulting (.C) services.Revised: October 2016 Page 1 of 25 Effective: January 2017© 2016 The Institute of Internal AuditorsAssurance services involve the internal auditor’s objective assessment of evidence to provide opinions or conclusions regarding an entity, operation, function, process, system, or other subject matters. The nature and scope of an assurance engagement are determined by the internal auditor. Generally, three parties are participants in assurance services: (1) the person or group directly involved with the entity, operation, function, process, system, or other subject matter — the process owner, (2) the person or group making the assessment — the internal auditor, and (3) the person or group using the assessment — the user.Consulting services are advisory in nature and are generally performed at the specific request of an engagement client. The nature and scope of the consulting engagement are subject to agreement with the engagement client. Consulting services generally involve two parties: (1) the person or group offering the advice — the internal auditor, and (2) the person or group seeking and receiving the advice — the engagement client. When performing consulting services the internal auditor should maintain objectivity and not assume management responsibility.The Standards apply to individual internal auditors and the internal audit activity. All internal auditors are accountable for conforming with the standards related to individual objectivity, proficiency, and due professional care and the standards relevant to the performance of their job responsibilities. Chief audit executives are additionally accountable for the internal audit activity’s overall conformance with the Standards.If internal auditors or the internal audit activity is prohibited by law or regulation from conformance with certain parts of the Standards, conformance with all other parts of the Standards and appropriate disclosures are needed.If the Standards are used in conjunction with requirements issued by other authoritative bodies, internal audit communications may also cite the use of other requirements, as appropriate. In such a case, if the internal audit activity indicates conformance with the Standards and inconsistencies exist between the Standards and other requirements, internal auditors and the internal audit activity must conform with the Standards and may conform with the other requirements if such requirements are more restrictive.The review and development of the Standards is an ongoing process. The International Internal Audit Standards Board engages in extensive consultation and discussion before issuing the Standards. This includes worldwide solicitation for public comment through the exposure draft process. All exposure drafts are posted on The IIA’s website as well as being distributed to all IIA institutes.Suggestions and comments regarding the Standards can be sent to:The Institute of Internal AuditorsStandards and Guidance1035 Greenwood Blvd, Suite 401Lake Mary, FL 32746 USAE-mail: Web: ***INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE OFINTERNAL AUDITING (STANDARDS)Attribute Standards1000 – Purpose, Authority, and ResponsibilityThe purpose, authority, and responsibility of the internal audit activity must be formally defined in an internal audit charter, consistent with the Mission of Internal Audit and the mandatory elements of the International Professional Practices Framework (the Core Principles for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing, the Code of Ethics, the Standards, and the Definition of Internal Auditing). The chief audit executive must periodically review the internal audit charter and present it to senior management and the board for approval.Interpretation:The internal audit charter is a formal document that defines the internal audit activity's purpose, authority, and responsibility. The internal audit charter establishes the internal audit activity's position within the organization, including the nature of the chief audit executive’s functional reporting relationship with the board; authorizes access to records, personnel, and physical properties relevant to the performance of engagements; and defines the scope of internal audit activities. Final approval of the internal audit charter resides with the board.1000.A1 –The nature of assurance services provided to the organization must be defined in the internal audit charter. If assurances are to be provided to parties outside the organization, the nature of these assurances must also be defined in the internal audit charter.1000.C1 –The nature of consulting services must be defined in the internal audit charter. 1010 – Recognizing Mandatory Guidance in the Internal Audit CharterThe mandatory nature of the Core Principles for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing, the Code of Ethics, the Standards, and the Definition of Internal Auditing must be recognized in the internal audit charter. The chief audit executive should discuss the Mission of Internal Audit and the mandatory elements of the International Professional Practices Framework with senior management and the board.1100 – Independence and ObjectivityThe internal audit activity must be independent, and internal auditors must be objective in performing their work.Interpretation:Independence is the freedom from conditions that threaten the ability of the internal audit activity to carry out internal audit responsibilities in an unbiased manner. To achieve the degree of independence necessary to effectively carry out the responsibilities of the internal audit activity, the chief audit executive has direct and unrestricted access to senior management and the board.This can be achieved through a dual-reporting relationship. Threats to independence must be managed at the individual auditor, engagement, functional, and organizational levels.Objectivity is an unbiased mental attitude that allows internal auditors to perform engagements in such a manner that they believe in their work product and that no quality compromises are made. Objectivity requires that internal auditors do not subordinate their judgment on audit matters to others. Threats to objectivity must be managed at the individual auditor, engagement, functional, and organizational levels.1110 – Organizational IndependenceThe chief audit executive must report to a level within the organization that allows the internal audit activity to fulfill its responsibilities. The chief audit executive must confirm to the board, at least annually, the organizational independence of the internal audit activity.Interpretation:Organizational independence is effectively achieved when the chief audit executive reports functionally to the board. Examples of functional reporting to the board involve the board: Approving the internal audit charter.Approving the risk-based internal audit plan.Approving the internal audit budget and resource plan.Receiving communications from the chief audit executive on the internal audit activity’s performance relative to its plan and other matters.Approving decisions regarding the appointment and removal of the chief audit executive.Approving the remuneration of the chief audit executive.Making appropriate inquiries of management and the chief audit executive to determine whether there are inappropriate scope or resource limitations.1110.A1 –The internal audit activity must be free from interference in determining the scope of internal auditing, performing work, and communicating results. The chief audit executive must disclose such interference to the board and discuss the implications.1111 – Direct Interaction with the BoardThe chief audit executive must communicate and interact directly with the board.1112 – Chief Audit Executive Roles Beyond Internal AuditingWhere the chief audit executive has or is expected to have roles and/or responsibilities that fall outside of internal auditing, safeguards must be in place to limit impairments to independence or objectivity.Interpretation:The chief audit executive may be asked to take on additional roles and responsibilities outside of internal auditing, such as responsibility for compliance or risk management activities. These roles and responsibilities may impair, or appear to impair, the organizational independence of theinternal audit activity or the individual objectivity of the internal auditor. Safeguards are those oversight activities, often undertaken by the board, to address these potential impairments, and may include such activities as periodically evaluating reporting lines and responsibilities and developing alternative processes to obtain assurance related to the areas of additional responsibility.1120 – Individual ObjectivityInternal auditors must have an impartial, unbiased attitude and avoid any conflict of interest. Interpretation:Conflict of interest is a situation in which an internal auditor, who is in a position of trust, has a competing professional or personal interest. Such competing interests can make it difficult to fulfill his or her duties impartially. A conflict of interest exists even if no unethical or improper act results.A conflict of interest can create an appearance of impropriety that can undermine confidence in the internal auditor, the internal audit activity, and the profession. A conflict of interest could impair an individual's ability to perform his or her duties and responsibilities objectively.1130 – Impairment to Independence or ObjectivityIf independence or objectivity is impaired in fact or appearance, the details of the impairment must be disclosed to appropriate parties. The nature of the disclosure will depend upon the impairment. Interpretation:Impairment to organizational independence and individual objectivity may include, but is not limited to, personal conflict of interest, scope limitations, restrictions on access to records, personnel, and properties, and resource limitations, such as funding.The determination of appropriate parties to which the details of an impairment to independence or objectivity must be disclosed is dependent upon the expectations of the internal audit activity’s and the chief audit executive’s responsibilities to senior management and the board as described in the internal audit charter, as well as the nature of the impairment.1130.A1 –Internal auditors must refrain from assessing specific operations for which they were previously responsible. Objectivity is presumed to be impaired if an internal auditor provides assurance services for an activity for which the internal auditor had responsibility within the previous year.1130.A2 –Assurance engagements for functions over which the chief audit executive has responsibility must be overseen by a party outside the internal audit activity.1130.A3 –The internal audit activity may provide assurance services where it had previously performed consulting services, provided the nature of the consulting did not impair objectivity and provided individual objectivity is managed when assigning resources to the engagement.1130.C1 –Internal auditors may provide consulting services relating to operations for which they had previous responsibilities.1130.C2 –If internal auditors have potential impairments to independence or objectivity relating to proposed consulting services, disclosure must be made to the engagement client prior to accepting the engagement.1200 – Proficiency and Due Professional CareEngagements must be performed with proficiency and due professional care.1210 – ProficiencyInternal auditors must possess the knowledge, skills, and other competencies needed to perform their individual responsibilities. The internal audit activity collectively must possess or obtain the knowledge, skills, and other competencies needed to perform its responsibilities.Interpretation:Proficiency is a collective term that refers to the knowledge, skills, and other competencies required of internal auditors to effectively carry out their professional responsibilities. It encompasses consideration of current activities, trends, and emerging issues, to enable relevant advice and recommendations. Internal auditors are encouraged to demonstrate their proficiency by obtaining appropriate professional certifications and qualifications, such as the Certified Internal Auditor designation and other designations offered by The Institute of Internal Auditors and other appropriate professional organizations.1210.A1 –The chief audit executive must obtain competent advice and assistance if the internal auditors lack the knowledge, skills, or other competencies needed to perform all or part of the engagement.1210.A2 –Internal auditors must have sufficient knowledge to evaluate the risk of fraud and the manner in which it is managed by the organization, but are not expected to have the expertise of a person whose primary responsibility is detecting and investigating fraud.1210.A3 –Internal auditors must have sufficient knowledge of key information technology risks and controls and available technology-based audit techniques to perform their assigned work. However, not all internal auditors are expected to have the expertise of an internal auditor whose primary responsibility is information technology auditing.1210.C1 –The chief audit executive must decline the consulting engagement or obtain competent advice and assistance if the internal auditors lack the knowledge, skills, or other competencies needed to perform all or part of the engagement.1220 – Due Professional CareInternal auditors must apply the care and skill expected of a reasonably prudent and competent internal auditor. Due professional care does not imply infallibility.1220.A1 –Internal auditors must exercise due professional care by considering the: Extent of work needed to achieve the engagement’s objec tives.Relative complexity, materiality, or significance of matters to which assuranceprocedures are applied.Adequacy and effectiveness of governance, risk management, and control processes.Probability of significant errors, fraud, or noncompliance.Cost of assurance in relation to potential benefits.1220.A2 –In exercising due professional care internal auditors must consider the use of technology-based audit and other data analysis techniques.1220.A3 –Internal auditors must be alert to the significant risks that might affect objectives, operations, or resources. However, assurance procedures alone, even when performed with due professional care, do not guarantee that all significant risks will be i dentified.1220.C1 –Internal auditors must exercise due professional care during a consulting engagement by considering the:Needs and expectations of clients, including the nature, timing, and communication ofengagement results.Relative complexity and extent of work needed to achieve the engagemen t’sobjectives.Cost of the consulting engagement in relation to potential benefits.1230 – Continuing Professional DevelopmentInternal auditors must enhance their knowledge, skills, and other competencies through continuing professional development.1300 – Quality Assurance and Improvement ProgramThe chief audit executive must develop and maintain a quality assurance and improvement program that covers all aspects of the internal audit activity.Interpretation:A quality assurance and improvement program is designed to enable an evaluation of the internal audit activity’s conformance with the Standards and an evaluation of whether internal auditors apply the Code of Ethics. The program also assesses the efficiency and effectiveness of the internal audit activity and identifies opportunities for improvement. The chief audit executive should encourage board oversight in the quality assurance and improvement p rogram.1310 – Requirements of the Quality Assurance and Improvement ProgramThe quality assurance and improvement program must include both internal and external assessments.1311 – Internal AssessmentsInternal assessments must include:Ongoing monitoring of the performance of the internal audit activity.Periodic self-assessments or assessments by other persons within the organization with sufficient knowledge of internal audit practices.Interpretation:Ongoing monitoring is an integral part of the day-to-day supervision, review, and measurement of the internal audit activity. Ongoing monitoring is incorporated into the routine policies and practices used to manage the internal audit activity and uses processes, tools, and information considered necessary to evaluate conformance with the Code of Ethics and the Standards.Periodic assessments are conducted to evaluate conformance with the Code of Ethics and the Standards.Sufficient knowledge of internal audit practices requires at least an understanding of all elements of the International Professional Practices Framework.1312 – External AssessmentsExternal assessments must be conducted at least once every five years by a qualified, independent assessor or assessment team from outside the organization. The chief audit executive must discuss with the board:The form and frequency of external assessment.The qualifications and independence of the external assessor or assessment team,including any potential conflict of interest.Interpretation:External assessments may be accomplished through a full external assessment, or a self- assessment with independent external validation. The external assessor must conclude as to conformance with the Code of Ethics and the Standards; the external assessment may also include operational or strategic comments.A qualified assessor or assessment team demonstrates competence in two areas: the professional practice of internal auditing and the external assessment process. Competence can be demonstrated through a mixture of experience and theoretical learning. Experience gained in organizations of similar size, complexity, sector or industry, and technical issues is more valuable than less relevant experience. In the case of an assessment team, not all members of the team need to have all the competencies; it is the team as a whole that is qualified. The chief audit executive uses professional judgment when assessing whether an assessor or assessment team demonstrates sufficient competence to be qualified.An independent assessor or assessment team means not having either an actual or a perceived conflict of interest and not being a part of, or under the control of, the organization to which the internal audit activity belongs. The chief audit executive should encourage board oversight in the external assessment to reduce perceived or potential conflicts of interest.1320 – Reporting on the Quality Assurance and Improvement ProgramThe chief audit executive must communicate the results of the quality assurance and improvement program to senior management and the board. Disclosure should include: The scope and frequency of both the internal and external assessments.The qualifications and independence of the assessor(s) or assessment team, including potential conflicts of interest.Conclusions ofassessors. Correctiveaction plans.Interpretation:The form, content, and frequency of communicating the results of the quality assurance and improvement program is established through discussions with senior management and the board and considers the responsibilities of the internal audit activity and chief audit executive as contained in the internal audit charter. To demonstrate conformance with the Code of Ethics and the Standards, the results of external and periodic internal assessments are communicated upon completion of such assessments, and the results of ongoing monitoring are communicated at least annually. The results include the assessor’s or assessment team’s evaluation with respect to the degree of conformance.1321 –Use of “Conforms with the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing”Indicating that the internal audit activity conforms with the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing is appropriate only if supported by the results of the quality assurance and improvement program.Interpretation:The internal audit activity conforms with the Code of Ethics and the Standards when it achieves the outcomes described therein. The results of the quality assurance and improvement program include the results of both internal and external assessments. All internal audit activities will have the results of internal assessments. Internal audit activities in existence for at least five years will also have the results of external assessments.1322 – Disclosure of NonconformanceWhen nonconformance with the Code of Ethics or the Standards impacts the overall scope or operation of the internal audit activity, the chief audit executive must disclose the nonconformance and the impact to senior management and the board.Revised: October 2016 Page 9 of 25 Effective: January 2017© 2016 The Institute of Internal AuditorsPerformance Standards2000 – Managing the Internal Audit ActivityThe chief audit executive must effectively manage the internal audit activity to ensure it adds value to the organization.Interpretation:The internal audit activity is effectively managed when:It achieves the purpose and responsibility included in the internal audit charter.It conforms with the Standards.Its individual members conform with the Code of Ethics and the Standards.It considers trends and emerging issues that could impact theorganization.The internal audit activity adds value to the organization and its stakeholders when it considers strategies, objectives, and risks; strives to offer ways to enhance governance, risk management, and control processes; and objectively provides relevant assurance.2010 – PlanningThe chief audit executive must establish a risk-based plan to determine the priorities of the internal audit activity, consistent with the organization’s goals.Interpretation:To develop the risk-based plan, the chief audit executive consults with senior management and the board and obtains an understanding of the organization’s strategies, key business objectives, associated risks, and risk management processes. The chief audit executive must review and adjust the plan, as necessary, in response to changes in the organization’s business, risks, operations, programs, systems, and controls.2010.A1 –The internal audit activity’s plan of engagements must be based on a documented risk assessment, undertaken at least annually. The input of senior management and the board must be considered in this process.2010.A2 – The chief audit executive must identify and consider the expectations of senior management, the board, and other stakeholders for internal audit opinions and other conclusions.2010.C1 –The chief audit executive should consider accepting proposed consulting engagements based on the engagement’s potential to improve management of risks, add value, and improve the organization’s operations. Accepted engagements must be included in the plan.2020 – Communication and ApprovalThe chief audit executive must communicate the internal audit activity’s plans and resource requirements, including significant interim changes, to senior management and the board for review and approval. The chief audit executive must also communicate the impact of resource limitations.2030 – Resource ManagementThe chief audit executive must ensure that internal audit resources are appropriate, sufficient, and effectively deployed to achieve the approved plan.Interpretation:Appropriate refers to the mix of knowledge, skills, and other competencies needed to perform the plan. Sufficient refers to the quantity of resources needed to accomplish the plan. Resources are effectively deployed when they are used in a way that optimizes the achievement of the approved plan.2040 – Policies and ProceduresThe chief audit executive must establish policies and procedures to guide the internal audit activity.Interpretation:The form and content of policies and procedures are dependent upon the size and structure of the internal audit activity and the complexity of its work.2050 – Coordination and RelianceThe chief audit executive should share information, coordinate activities, and consider relying upon the work of other internal and external assurance and consulting service providers to ensure proper coverage and minimize duplication of efforts.Interpretation:In coordinating activities, the chief audit executive may rely on the work of other assurance and consulting service providers. A consistent process for the basis of reliance should be established, and the chief audit executive should consider the competency, objectivity, and due professional care of the assurance and consulting service providers. The chief audit executive should also have a clear understanding of the scope, objectives, and results of the work performed by other providers of assurance and consulting services. Where reliance is placed on the work of others, the chief audit executive is still accountable and responsible for ensuring adequate support for conclusions and opinions reached by the internal audit activity.2060 – Reporting to Senior Management and the BoardThe chief audit executive must report periodically to senior management and the board on the internal audit activity’s purpose, authority, responsibility, and performance relative to its plan and on its conformance with the Code of Ethics and the Standards. Reporting must also include。
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国际内部审计专业实务标准属性标准1000-宗旨、权力和职责内部审计部门的宗旨、权力和职责必须在内部审计章程中按照“内部审计定义”、《职业道德规范》和《标准》的相关内容正式确定。
首席审计执行官必须定期审查内部审计章程，并提交高级管理层和董事会审批。
1000.A1 –向组织提供的确认服务的性质必须在内部审计章程中明确规定。
如果内部审计部门向组织外部的有关方面提供确认服务，则此类确认服务的性质也必须在内部审计章程中确定。
1000.C1–咨询服务的性质也必须在内部审计章程中中确定。
1010-在内部审计章程中确认“内部审计定义”、《职业道德规范》和《标准》。
“内部审计定义”、《职业道德规范》和《标准》的强制性必须在内部审计章程中得到确认。
首席审计执行官应向高级管理层和董事会解释和讨论“内部审计定义”、《职业道德规范》和《标准》。
1100-独立性和客观性内部审计部门必须保持其独立性，内部审计师必须客观的开展工作。
1110-组织的独立性首席审计执行官必须向组织内部能够确保内部审计部门履行职责的层级报告。
首席审计执行官必须至少每年一次向董事会确认内部审计审计部门在组织中的独立性。
1110.A1 –内部审计部门在内部审计范围、开展工作和报告结果时，必须免受干预。
1111-与董事会的直接互动首席审计执行官必须与董事会直接沟通和互动。
1120-个人的客观性内部审计师必须有公正、不偏不倚的态度，避免任何利益冲突。
1130-对独立性和客观性的损害如果独立性和客观性受到实质和形式上的损害，必须向适当的对象披露损害的具体情况。
披露的性质视受损害情况而定。
1130.A1-内部审计师必须避免评价其以往负责的特定业务。
如果内部审计师为其在上一年度内负责的业务提供确认服务时，则其客观性视为受到损害。
1130.A2-确认服务涉及到审计执行官负责的职能领域时，必须由独立于内部审计部门的某一方进行监督。
1130.C1内部审计师可以对其以往负责的业务提供咨询服务。
1130.C2若内部审计师可能会损害拟开展的咨询服务的独立性和客观性时，必须在接受该业务之前向客户披露。
1200-专业能力与应有的职业审慎内部审计师在开展业务时，必须具备专业能力和应有的职业审慎。
1210-专业能力内部审计师必须具备履行其职责所必需的知识、技能和其他能力。
内部审计部门整体必须具备或获得履行其职责所必需的知识、技能和其他能力。
1210.A1-当内部审计师缺乏完成全部或部分业务所必需的知识、技能和其他能力时，首席审计执行官必须向他人寻求充分的专业建议和协助。
1210.A2-内部审计师必须充分了解有关评估舞弊风险以及所在组织管理舞弊风险的知识，但不期望内部审计师掌握以发现和调查舞弊为首要职责的人员所具备的专门技能。
1210.A3-内部审计师必须充分了解关键信息技术风险和控制以及可以获得的利用技术的审计方法，以开展工作，但不期望所有内部审计师均掌握专门从事信息技术审计的内部审计师所具备的专门技能。
1210.C1-当内部审计师缺乏完成全部或部分咨询业务所必需的知识、技能和其他能力时，首席审计执行官必须谢绝开展此项业务或寻求充分的建议和协助。
1220-应有的职业审慎内部审计师必须具备并保持合理的审慎水平和胜任能力所要求的谨慎和技能。
但是，应有的职业审慎并不意味着永不犯错。
1220.A1-内部审计师必须通过考虑以下因素，履行其应有的职业审慎：●为实现业务目标而需要开展工作的范围；●所要确认事项的相对复杂性、重要性和严重性；●治理、风险管理和控制过程的适当性和有效性；●发生重大错误、舞弊或不合法的可能性；●与潜在效益相对的确认成本。
1220.A2-在履行其应有的职业审慎时，内部审计师必须考虑利用技术的审计方法和其他数据分析技术。
1220.A3-内部审计师必须警惕可能影响目标、运营或资源的重大风险。
但是，即使是以应有的职业审慎开展工作，确认程序本身并不能保证发现所有的重大风险。
1220.C1-开展咨询业务时，内部审计师必须考虑以下因素，履行其应有的职业审慎：●客户的需求与期望，包括咨询结果的性质、时间安排与结果沟通；●实现咨询业务目标所需要开展工作的相对复杂性和范围；●与潜在效益相对的咨询业务成本。
1230-持续业务发展内部审计师必须通过持续职业发展来增加知识、提高技能和其他能力。
1300-质量保证与改进程序首席审计执行官必须建立并维护涵盖内部审计活动所有方面的质量保证与改进程序。
1310-质量保证与改进程序的要求质量保证与改进程序必须包括内部评估与外部评估。
1311-内部评估内部评估必须包括：●对内部审计活动执行情况的持续监督；通过自我评估或由组织内部其他充分了解内部审计实务的人员进行的定期检查。
1312-外部评估外部评估必须至少每五年开展一次，必须由来自组织外部、合格且独立的检查人员或检查小组负责实施。
首席审计执行官必须与董事会讨论：更为频繁地开展外部评估的必要性；检查人员与检查小组的资格和独立性，包括任何潜在的利益冲突。
1320-质量保证与改进程序的报告首席审计执行官必须向高级管理层和董事会报告质量保证与改进程序的结果。
1321-对“遵循《标准》”的应用只有在质量保证与改进程序的结果证实内部审计活动遵循了《标准》时，首席审计执行官才可以进行“遵循《标准》”的声明。
1322-对未遵循情况的披露若未遵循“内部审计定义”、《职业道德规范》和《标准》的情况影响到内部审计活动的整体范围或运作，首席审计执行官必须向高级管理层和董事会披露未遵循事项及其影响。
工作标准2000-内部审计活动的管理首席审计执行官必须有效地管理内部审计活动，确保为组织增加价值。
2010-计划首席审计执行官必须以风险为基础制定计划，以确定与组织目标相一致的内部审计活动重点。
2010.A1-内部审计部门的计划必须建立在有记录的风险评估基础上，并至少每年制定一次。
在计划制定过程中，必须考虑高级管理层和董事会的意见。
2010.C1-首席审计执行官首席审计执行官在考虑是否接受拟开展的咨询业务时，应当考虑该业务在改善风险管理、增加价值、改善组织运营等方面的潜在作用。
已经接受的咨询业务必须纳入计划。
2020-沟通与批准首席审计执行官必须将内部审计活动的计划和资源需求，包括重大的临时性变化，报高级管理层和董事会审批。
首席审计执行官还必须就资源受限制的影响与高级管理层和董事会进行沟通。
2030-资源管理首席审计执行官必须确保内部审计资源适当、充分并得到有效配置，以完成获得批准的计划。
2040-政策与程序首席审计执行官必须制定政策和程序，为内部审计活动提供指导。
2050-协调首席审计执行官应当与相关确认和咨询服务的其他内外部提供方共享信息、相互协调，以确保适当的工作覆盖面，并尽可能减少重复工作。
2060-向高级管理层和董事会报告首席审计执行官必须定期向高级管理层和董事会报告内部审计活动的宗旨、权力、职责及其计划有关的工作开展情况，报告中还必须包括重大风险披露和控制事项，其中包括舞弊风险、治理以及高级管理层和董事会需要或要求的其他事项。
2100-工作性质内部审计活动必须应有系统、规范的方法，评估并协助改善治理、风险管理和控制过程。
2110-治理内部审计活动必须评价并提出适当的改进建议，以改善组织为实现下列目标的治理过程：●在组织内部推广适当的道德和价值观；●确保整个组织开展有效的业绩管理、建立有效的问责机制；●向组织内部有关方面通报风险和控制信息；●协调董事会、外部审计师、内部审计师和管理层之间的工作和信息沟通。
2110.A1-内部审计部门必须针对组织内与职业道德相关的目标、计划和业务，评估其设计、实施和效果。
2110.A2-内部审计活动必须评估组织的信息技术治理是否持续支持组织的战略目和目标。
2110.C1-咨询业务的目标必须与组织的总体价值和目标保持一致。
2120-风险管理内部审计活动必须评估风险管理过程的有效性，并地其改善作出贡献。
2120.A1-内部审计部门必须评估下列与组织治理、运营及信息系统有关的风险：●财务和运营信息的可靠性和完整性；●运营的效率与效果；●资产的安全；●对法律、法规及合同的遵循情况。
2120.A1-内部审计部门必须评估发生舞弊的可能性以及所在组织如何管理舞弊风险。
2120.C1-在开展咨询业务时，内部审计师必须关注与业务目标相关的风险，并警惕其他重大风险的存在。
2120.C2-内部审计师必须将开展咨询业务过程中了解到的风险情况，运用于评估组织的风险管理过程。
2120.C3-协助管理层建立或改善风险管理过程时，内部审计师必须避免在实际工作中对风险进行管理，从而承担任何管理层的责任。
2130-控制内部审计部门必须评估控制的效果和效率，并促进控制持续改进，从而协助组织维持有效的控制。
2130.A1-内部审计部门必须评估下列针对组织内部治理、运营和信息系统等风险的控制的适当性和有效性：●财务和运营信息的可靠性和完整性；●运营的效率和效果；●资产的安全；●对法律、法规及合同的遵循情况。
2130.A2-内部审计师应当确定各项运营及程序的目标和目的制定的情况及其与组织目标和目的符合的程序。
2130.A3-内部审计师应当复核各项运营和程序，以确定其结果与既定目标和目的保持一致的程度，并确定运营和程序按计划实施或执行。
2130.C1-在开展咨询业务时，内部审计师必须关注与业务目标相关的控制，并警惕重大的控制问题。
2130.C2-内部审计师必须将开展咨询业务过程中了解到的控制知识，运用于评估组织的控制过程。
2200-业务计划内部审计师开展每项业务都必须制定书面计划，其内容包括业务目标、范围、时间安排以及资源分配等。
2201-制定计划时的考虑因素制定业务计划时，内部审计师必须考虑到：2210.A2-内部审计师确定业务目标时，必须考虑存在重大差错、舞弊、违规和其他风险的可能性。
2210.A3-评估控制需要依据适当的标准，以确定目标和目的是否实现。
内部审计师必须确认管理层制定适当标准的程度。
如果标准适当，内部审计师必须使用该标准进行评估。
如果不适当，内部审计师必须与管理层制定适当的评估标准。
2210.C1-咨询业务的目标必须在客户同意的范围内，针对治理、风险管理和控制过程等确定。
2220-业务范围确定业务范围必须满足实现业务目标的要求。
2220.A1-确定业务范围必须考虑相关的制度、记录、人员和实物资产，包括由第三方控制的，相关制度、记录、人员和实物资产。
2220.A2-在开展确认业务时，如果出现重要的咨询机会，应当与客户达成具体的书面协议，规定业务目标、范围、各自的职责和其他要求，并遵循咨询业务相关标准沟通业务的结果。
2220.C1-在开展咨询业务时，内部审计师必须确保业务范围足以实现与客户协商确定的目标。