阅读同义替换1
阅读理解题中的同义转换词汇(143组)
方式,方法 _w_a_y_s_, _s_o_lu_t_i_o_n_s , _a_p_p_r_o_a_c_h_, _m__et_h_o_d_
退(学) _q_u_i_t_, _d__ro_p__o_u_t_o_f_(_s_c_h_o_o_l)_
情况良好 _i_n_g_o_o_d__c_o_n_d_i_ti_o_n_/_st_a_t_e_/s_it_u_a_t_io_n____
展览着 _o_n_s_h_o_w__/d_i_s_p_la_y_/_e_x_h_i_b_it_io_n__
十年
_d_e_c_a_d_e__, __te_n__y_e_a_r_s_
勇敢的 _b_r_a_v_e__, _h_a_v_e_c_o_u_r_a_g_e__to__d_o___
两周
_f_o_rt_n_i_g_h_t__, __tw__o_w__ee_k_s__
_d_e_s_tr_o_y__, __d_a_m__a_g_e_s_th___
逃跑
_e_s_ca_p__e_, _r_u_n__a_w_a_y___
用……替 _r_e_p_l_a_ce_…__w__it_h__,
换
_u_s_e_…__a_s_a_n__a_lt_e_r_n_a_t_iv_e__to_…____
_r_u_r_a_l_/u_r_b_a_n__a_r_e_a_s__
下降
_d_e_c_l_in_e__, _f_a_ll_d_o_w__n_
同一意思
多种表达
劝某人做 _a_d_v_i_se__sb__t_o_d_o__, _tr_y__to__p_e_r_s_u_a_d_e_s_b__to_
移走
_r_e_m_o_v_e__, _t_a_k_e_a_w__a_y__
专题14：阅读理解细节题高分技巧(原题版)-2023年上海市高考英语一轮复习
首尾排除破解细节排序题。审读题干和四个选项的内容→利用首属，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围→如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范用;如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。做此类试题时可采用“首尾排除法”，即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按顺序逐一排除，得出正确选项。
同义互释法
【2022虹口二模】New analysis of these scans revealed that activity in the same regions Chen’s group had accurately pointed out in mice, the aDCN, appeared to be significantly disturbed in humans with Prader-Willi syndrome. In healthy individuals, the aDCN weremore activein response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. The result suggested that the aDCN were involved in controlling hunger.
44.According to the project conducted by the researchers, ________.
A.the healthy testees weremore likely to overeatafter fasting
a-z同义词转换(阅读)
四级同义词替换背同义替换词就是背答案！阅读选项正确答案是原文信息的同义改写，多背一些同义替换词，答案更容易被选出来。
多看，多背，多得分！加油！Aability=capacity, capabilitya range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列accelerate=speed up加速achieve完成达到v.=reach,attain=accomplish= access to sth得到、获得成就achievement= Accomplishment成就，完成accurate=precise=exact=correct 精确地，准确的，无误的appeal呼吁v.吸引n.=request,attractappear=emerge 出现apparent=obvious=manifest 明显的avoid=shun 避免attractive=appealing 吸引人的attend=participate in=take part in 参加analyze v.=evaluate=study=research 分析研究abundant=ample=plentiful 丰富的，充足的aim.n=objective=goal=target 目的aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约as a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence= so= accordingly因此、从而associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联attach to=connect to=link to与……相连接、附着在……上at will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Bbe similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似be used to=be devoted to专门用于be used to doing= be accustomed to doing 习惯于做某事be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于be surprised =be taken aback 吃惊blame=condemn 责备boring=tedious=dull 枯燥的build= establish=set up 建立big=large=grand=great=massive= tremendous=vast=huge=enormous 大的Ccalculate=measure 衡量，计算catch up with=keep pace with=keep up with跟上步伐chief=major=dominant=principle主要的chronic=long term 慢性病的common=universal 常见的，普遍的careful=cautiouscease =stopcharacter n.=quality=personality=nature 性格品质cold=chilly=icycompetitor =rival, opponentconcern n. =focus关心的问题concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解confront=encounter=in the face of=face面临consist of=comprise由什么组成contribute v.=donate=provide=give 贡献contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致cooperate with=work with 与……协作convert to=turn into 转为、转变为communicate v.=convey=transmit=inform交流completely ad.=e ntirely=fully=altogether= thoroughly =totally= perfectly= absolutely,完全彻clumsy a.=awkward=unskillful愚笨的character n.=quality=personality=nature 性格品质Ddistract from= cannot concentrate 使精力分散diminish=decrease=shrink 减少distinct=distinguish=different=unique不同的distinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind of不同的due to=because of由于defect = drawback =disadvantage=demerit= drawback=downside=weakness缺点display n./v.=show=exhibit=demonstrate展示doubtful a.=suspicious=questionable=suspect=uncertain怀疑的derive v.=obtain=gain=get; 获取derive from源于=originate from=stem from=come fromdiversity多样性n.=variety=multiplicity=difference =varietydescribe描述v.=portray=represent=pictureEessential a.=vital=crucial=critical=indispensable=significant 本质的,必要的neglect=ignoreexception n.=exclusion例外eventually终于ad.=finally=ultimately=in the end=at lastextent n.=degree=range=scope=dimension程度endanger=threaten 威胁engage in=participate in=join in 参与(前面有)establish =construct=be found=erect=build=set up建立entire =wholeevolvement=development=progress发展、发育emphasize=stress 强调（v）embark upon=start=launch开始enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识especially ad.=particularly=primarily=chiefly尤其特别,专门enhance提高,增强v.=increase=improve=raiseenormous巨大的a.=huge=vast=great(上面有big---)Ffamous=distinguishedfame=prestige=reputationfail to do= can not do没有能够做fault=flaw=defect错误form=shape=mould形成foundation=basis基础finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）fragile =vulnerablefree=release=set free释放frequently=often 经常fresh=new=up to date=latest新潮的、创新的Ggreat milestone=impact=effect=influence对……具有很重要的影响力grant=give=offer授予gas=petrol石油Hhave an effect on=have an impact on=influence=affect 影响halt=stop阻止、使停滞hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍hinder v.=prevent=restrain=stop阻碍Iimportant =crucial =significantindicate v.=show=signify=reveal 表明identical=the same一模一样imitate=impersonate模仿incline to do=tend to do倾向于做某事indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应incredibly ad.=unbelievably=unlikely难以置信地Kkey (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ an important part/role in重要的，关键的key (n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法LLikelihood=possibility可能性Mmaster=grasp 掌握match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解modify=change=alter修改、改变mission任务,使团n.=assignment=duty=taskNnature=character=characteristics本质、特点numerous= a number of =a world of=a large number of许多naturally自然地ad.=certainly=surely=indeed 反义词-artificially人工地narrow v.=limited=restricted=tighten狭窄的a.缩小nowadays=currently=recently 当今，时下Oowing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于……only=uniqueopinion=perspective= standpointPpersonnel n.=staff,faculty,crew,workers全体人员poor(soil)=barren, infertile 贫瘠的preserve=store储存popular=prevailing=prevalent 盛行的present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed激发、产生provide=offer 提供protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害proceed v.=continue=go on=move on继续下去protect v.= preserve, defend,=guard=shelter=shield, 保护personnel n.=staff=faculty=crew=workers全体人员properly ad.=appropriately=suitably= correctly =适当正确地profession n.=occupation=career职业,行业（position 职务）performance n.=act=achievement=accomplishment 表演,业绩,执行pursue==seekQquestionnaire=survey 问卷调查Rrely on=depend on 依靠……remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）replace=take the place of 取代resemble=like=as像raise提升抚养v.=elevate, lift, heighten, bring up, breedreduce v.=decrease=lessen=diminish减少replace v.=substitute=displace=change 替换respect v.=honor=regard=admire =esteem尊敬recruit v.=enroll=enlist征募relieve=alleviate 解除，缓解remarkably ad.=extraordinarily=unusually=surprisingly显著非凡地require v.=command=demand=ask需要,规定Ssignificance=importance 重要性state=situation=circumstance 状况,状态,情形stick=adhere=cling 坚持，紧紧抓住striking=noticeable值得注意地struggle for=strive for 努力地争取substantial=considerable 相当可观的success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就surprising adj. =unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的surprise v.=startle=astonish=shock 令人吃惊smart a.=clever, bright, elegant聪明精美的sense =feel=understand=realize感觉n.意识到v.shift n.v.=change,alter,vary,convert,transform,switch,modify转换sharp=acute 尖锐的，敏锐的Ttop=peak, summit 山峰tale=story=fairy tale 故事talent=gift 天赋turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于total总体a.n.v.=entire=overall=sum up（反义词partial:部分的）Uunsure a.=uncertain=doubtful=distrustful=yet to be proved=possible 不确定的unconscious a.=unaware=absent-minded=unintentional无意识的unbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……决定universal=popular普遍urge催促,主张v.=push=drive=insistVvague=obscurevirtue=advantage=strength=merit优点好处Wwork out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出widen扩大v.=broaden,enlarge,extend,expand,stretch反义narrow缩小。
托福阅读同义词替换
e n d u r in g =l a st in gp r e v a il in g =g e n e r a lly a c c e p te di n c r e d i b l e =im p os s ib l e to b e l ie veo b s o le te =ou t o f d a tes u it a b l e =a pp r o pr i a tea mb i t i ou s=im pr e ss iv e b u t d i ff ic u lt t o a c h ie vet a k e pr e c e d e n c e o ve r=h a v e g r e a te ri m p o r t an c e t h ans u r pl u s= e x c e ss q u an t it ye x hi b it s= d is p l ay se m b od y= in c or p o r ateu l ti m ate l y =e v e n tu all yv i r tu a ll y= N e ar l ys u s p e n d e d=f l o at in gr e p le n i s he d= r e s t or e dd r am at i c =st r ik in gd i st in c t i on= d i f fe r e n c er a pp o r t= b on dt h r i ll= e x c it e m e n tv i t a l it y= e n e r g ys pe c i f ie d= s t ate df o c u se d =c o n c e n tr a te di m m in e n t=ab ou t to h a p p e nr e fi n e m e n t= i m p r o ve m e n ts c at te r e d= w i d e ly se p a r at e ds pe c u l ate s=p u t s f or w a r d as a p o s si b il i ty t r e m e n d ou s= e n or m o u sh e n c e= t he r e f or ei m p l e m e n t =pu t i n t o e f fe c tp a r t i c u la r ly= e sp e c ial l ys c ar c e =s h or t in su pp l yp r in c i p a l l y = m a in l yc on tr o ve r s i a l =pr od u c in g d i s ag re e m e n t i n d u c e= c au se t hef or m at i on o ff u e l s =pr o v id e s e n e rg y f ori n e v it a b le= c e r t a in a c c o r d in g l y= c or r e s p o n d in g lyc lu s te r= g r o u pe n o r m ou s =hu g ep r e su m a b l y= i t is r e a s o n a b le to a s su m ep e r t in e n t =r e le v an ts u b d u e= d e f e atc o in c ide s w it h=oc c u r s at t he s am e t im e as j u s tif y= p r o v id e a r at i on a l b as i s f o rp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e dh i e r a r c h ic a l =h a v in g s e ve r a l le ve ls o fa u t h or it yc on s ti tu e n t s= c om p on e n t se x c a v at e d= d u g fr om t he g r ou n dc h a r ac t e r is t ic= t y p i c a la l t e r at i on= m od i f ic at i onh e n c e f or t h =f r om t hi s t im e ono b l ig e d=fo r c e dl a u n c h e d= s t ar te de n su r e =g u ar an te ei n c i te d=st im u l a te ds u b s ta n t i a l =c on s i d e r a b leo u twe i g hs= e x c e e d sc o l le c t i ve =g r ou pe r e c t in g= c on st r u c t in gc on se q u e n t= r e su lt in gr e i n fo r c e s= su p p o r t sd e va s t ate= d e s tr o ys i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m eu n in te n t i on a l = u n p la n n e da l t e r n a te= t ak e tu r n s a tr e g im e s= g o ve r n m e n t sa s u r g e o f=a s u d d e n in c r e a se i ns yn t he s iz in g= c om b in in ge le v a te d= r a i se dI n e ss e n c e=B as ic a l lyf e a s ib le= p r a c t i c a ls c a le =s iz ea d v oc a te d =pr om o te df o s te r e d= e n c ou r ag e df r ig i d =c ol dd e t e c te d= d i sc o ve r e de x t e n s i ve=la r g ea c c o u n t s f or= e x p l ain sr e m n an ts= r e m ai n d e r sr e m ot e =i so l a te dc i te d= m e n t i on e da g g r e g at i on s =g r ou p sl a t e r a l =s id el i t t le s h or t o f m ir a c u lo u s=a m az in g b e c au se a lm os t im p os s i b l ed e s ig n at i on= i d e n t i fi c a ti onc h a o t ic =d is or g an ize dr e t a in s =pr e se r ve sc on s t an t= c on t in u a lc o a le sc ed =c o l l ide de m i t te d= r e le a se dd e fi n i n g= i d e n t i fy in gd o me s t ic=h ou s e ho lds w i ft=f as ts i g n i f ic an t = c o n s id e r a b lem o d e s t= r e l at i ve l y sm a l lc on se q u e n t ly= T h e r e f o r ec om p on e n t= p ar tr e m ar k a b le =e x tr a or d in a r yc on f in ed to=l im ite d t or e l e n t le s s = u n c e a si n gd i f fu s i on =sp re ada u t on om ou s =in d e p e n d e n to b l ig e d= r e q u ir e dv a s t=hu g ea p p r e c i ate d= a p p r o ve dv i c in it y= su r r ou n d in g a r e aa c c i d e n t a l=b yc ha n c em o d i f y= c h an g e d r as t ic a l ly= e x te n s i ve l yp r o h ib i t=p r e ve n tu l ti m ate l y =f in a l lyk e p t p ac e w it h=m a tc h e d t he in c r e a se in c a p ac it y=av a i l ab le st o r ag e s p a c ei n e v it a b le= u n a v o i d ab l es u r p as s =e x c e e dp o n d e r =t h ou g h t ab o u tf u n d am e n t a l =b as icm an d at e d= r e q u ir e dp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e ds i g n i fy in g =in d i c at in gc e a sed =s to p pe dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e df u n c t i on= p u r p o sea l l e g e d =su p p o se dc on tr o ve r s i a l =de b a ta b lei n c on c l u s i ve= n ot d e c i si v ee l ab o r at e= w e ll d e ve l o p e dp i on e e r e d= in tr o d u c e ds u b se q u e n t =l a te rc om p r i se d= c on s is ted o fe n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dr e i n fo r c e=st r e n g t he np r o f ou n d=in te n seo b s o le te =ou t o f d a teo b sc u r e= l i t tl e k n ow na s s oc i a te s= c on n e c tse n c om p a s se s=in c lu d e ss t a t io n ar y= u n m ov in gh e n c e= t he r e f or ei r r e ve r s ib le= p e r m an e n tm on u m e n t al= e n o r m o u sm an i p u l ate=sk il l fu l ly u s e dp u r su e= p r e fe rs u b s is te n c e= su r vi v ale x p o se d= u n p r o te c te dw i t h n o w a r n i n g= w it h o u t an y in d ic a t i on b e f or e h an dc on g e st i on=ov e r c r o wd in ga l t e r e d =tr an s f or m e de m i t te d= r e le a se dr e t a r d in g= s l o wi n ga b u n d an t= p le n t i fu ls u s t a in= su pp o r tp i on e e r in g =or i g i n a ld i st in c t=se p a r a tee n a b li n g= a l l ow in gr e s tr ic te d =l im it e ds e ve r i ty=h ar s hn e ssc on g r e g at e =g at he rc on se q u e n t ly=As a r e su ltc om pr i se= c on si s t o fc on s ti tu e n t= c om p on e n tp r e d o m i n ate=ar e in t h e m aj or i tyg r ad u a l= s l owd i f fu se= s pre a dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e dd e fi c ie n c ie s= s h or t ag e se m e r g in g= a pp e ar in gB e si d e s =In ad d it i on t op r e oc c u p a t i on =c on c e r nc ou p led w it h= c om bine d w i t ha u t on om y=in d e pe n d e n c ec on s pi c u ou s= e a s il y n o ti c e de n d u r e =w i t h st an ds u r pl u s= e x t r at a sk= r e q u ir e m e n tu n f a v or a b le =d is a d va n t ag e ou st r ig g e r e d= in i t i ate ds e ve r e l y= g r e a t l yr e i n fo r c in g=st r e n g th e n in gl a u n c h e d= s t ar te dm e t h od i c a l l y =sy s te m a t ic a l a c c e le r a te= s p e e d u pi m p r o ve d= p e r fe c te dd e t e c t =se n sec on v in c i n g ly= p e r su a s i ve l ye lu s iv e =h a r d to i d e n t i fym a in te n an c e o f =su p p o r t in gi s o l a te d=se p a r ate d fr o m on e an o t he r o v e r w he lm e d =w as to o l a r g e f o rr e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lyp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice x c lu si ve l y= o n l ya c c u m u l at in g =c ol le c t in gc ou n te r =c om b a tb r e ak t hr ou g h =d e ve lo p m e n ts o p h is t ic a te d=h ig h ly d e ve l o p e ds u r g e =su d d e n in c r e a s ep r op o r t i on s =s iz es u s t a in= su p p o r tp e r s is te n t =l a st in gp r om o te =e n c ou r a g ec on tr ad ic t o r y= c on f l i c t in gm an i fe s ta t i on s = e x p r e s s io n sc u m u l at i ve= c om b i n e da p p ar e n t= n o ti c e ab lec o r r e sp onde d= e q u al e dn or m =c o m m ona d j a c e n t =n e arb yi n te r v a ls= p e r i od ic a ll yd i sc re t e =se p a r at ep r o li f ic=h ig h l y p r o d u c t i ves p ar se r = m o r e t h in l y d i st r ib u te de p is od e s=oc c u r r e n c e sp r op on e n t s= su p p o r t e r ss w i ft= q u i c ku n p r om i s in g= u n f a vo r a b l ea w e a l t h o f =an ab u n d anc e o fd e vo i d o f=l ac k in g ind i f fu s i on =sp re ado n g o in g =c o n t in u in gc o r r e sp ond s= m a tc he sc om p le x i t y =s op h is t ic a t i ona l l o w in g= r e su l tin g ind i st o r t i on s =ir re g u l ar i t ie st e m p or ar i ly= b r ie f lyp e c u l i ar= u n u su a lp l e n t i fu l= n u m e r ou se m e r g e n c e= r i ser ou t in e l y =r e g u l a r l yd i st in c t i ve= c h ar a c te r i st i ct h e r e b y =c o n se q u e n t l ys u it a b l e =a pp r o p r i a teg e n e r a l l y = u su a l lyt e n d in g =t ak in g c ar e o fr u d im e n t ar y= e le m e n t ar ya k in t o =s im il a r t oo c c a s i on a ll y= s om e t im e si n g e n u it y= i n v e n t i ve n e s st a n g ib le=p hy s ic a ls e q u e n c e s= se r ie sc on v e r te d= c h an g e da p p r o x i m at in g = e s tim a t in gs u b se q u e n t ly=l ate re q u i va le n t= c om p ar ab l ee x p l o it a t i on = u sea l t o g e t he r=fu ll ys te a d il y= a t an u n v ar y in g r at ec on c e n tr a ti o n s=de n s e g r o u p in g sr e fl e c t =in d i c ateo b sc u r e=hi d eu n f a v or a b le =n e g a t iv ep u r su e= e n g a g e inc om p ar a b l e =s im il a re x t r e m e= g r e a tU p on r e f le c t i on =A f te r c on si d e r a t i on c on su l t =a ske x p e l le d =lef t b yp r om p te d =s ti m u l ate de x p l ic i t= c le a r l y e x p r e s se di m p l y= su g g e s te n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dp e c u l i ar t o = u n i q u e t oe x e r t= p u tf or t ha p p ar e n t l y =se e m i n g l ya s t on i s hm e n t= su r p r i s ev i r tu a ll y= n e ar l yI n r e tr o s p e c t =l o ok in g b ac kp r om p t s =s ti m u la te sp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice ve n tu a l ly=in t he e n dr e c a ll= r e m e m b e rs p e c i f i c a l l y =p r e c i se l yu n d ou b te d l y= c e r t a in l yt e c hn i c a l l y =sc ie n t i fic a l ly c l a s si f ie d ass u p p le m e n t ar y= e x tr as u b t le= n ot o b v i ou sp a v e d t he w a y f or = m a d e p o ss i b l ew i p e d ou t= k il le d o ffa s s au l ts on=at t ac k s o no n se t=b e g in n in gi m m e d i ate l y ap p ar e n t=o b v i ou sR e n o w n e d=F a m ou se n g ag e s in= p e r fo r m sg i g an t ic=ve r y b i gv u ln e r ab le= d e f e n s e le sss t r ain=st r e s sv a l u ab le=im p o r t an tN e e d le ss t o s a y =o b v i o u s l ya d h e s i ve= s t ic k ye n su r e =g u ar an te ec om p on e n t s =p ar tsN e v e r t he le s s=ho w e v e ri n e v it a b ly= n e c e s s ar i l yw i d e sp r e ad am on g= f o u n d t h r o u g h ou t t h e b o d ie s o fi n t ac t= w h o les u b s ta n t i a l ly= s i g n ifi c an t lya c c e s s ib le= r e ac h ab les t im u l a te d= e n c ou r ag e de n g ag e d =p ar t ic ip a te de x p l o it a t i on = u sed e t e r m in an ts= c au se sh a s te n e d= r u s he dd i f fu s i on =sp re adp e r fe c t e d= c om pl e te dr e m n an ts= r e m ai n se x ot ic=f or e ig nd o m i n a te= c on tr o lc on te m p or a r y s oc ie tie s=e x i sted at t he s am e t i m er e c og n iz e d= a c c e p te ds i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m ed i sm is se d =r e j e c t e de le v a te d=h ig he x e r c i se d =a p p l ie de m e r g e n c e= r i set a c ti c =st r at e g yt h u s= c on se q u e n t lys t a g n at i on= l a c k o f g r ow t hs u s t a in e d = c o n t in u e di m p l ic a t i on s= c on se q u e n c e se x c lu si ve l y= s o le lyp o te n t i a l =p os s ib lef a v o r ab le=ad v an t ag e ou sa mb i g u ou s =u nc le arc on v e y= t r an s m i ta c c o u n t e d f or= e x p la i n e dc on s ide r ab l y =s ig n i fi c an t lys t r i k i n g= n ot e w or t hyf o r m e r l y= d e s ir a b ler e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lya c c e n tu at e d= i n te n s if i e d。
同义词替换(一)
同义词替换（一）1.rigid/stiff/unchanged 僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant重要的，值得关注的/enormous庞大的/tremendous极大的，强烈的，极好的/appreciably明显的/remarkable出色的，令人惊讶的/crucial至关重要的/substantial客观的，重要的，丰盛的，真实的3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion部分，比例/percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.]6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although 有鉴于、考虑到，尽管6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱;劝说induce sb to do/inductive [a] 归纳的 >< deduce/deductive推断7.fortune/destiny/chances8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission (尾气)排放-emission of sth from sth/exploit ①(make use of)开发，发挥②(abuse, take advantage of)«employer» 剥削，滥用 (take advantage of)利用‹ credulity n.轻信›plex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacity能力，容量/competence(竞争)能力/ability 能力(笼统的)11.确保，保障： ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金convince①(persuade)说服to convince sb to do说服某人做某事②(gain credibility of)使…信服to convince sb of or about 使某人相信某事12.solely (wholly)完全地(only)单独地/merely仅仅/only13.a vast大量的，巨大的，渊博的 array系列of /a great variety of /a great range种类 of14.pesticide n.杀虫剂/suicide n.自杀，自杀者/homicide n.杀人犯/murder v.杀人,凶手15.believe/assume ①(suppose)假定，当做②(take on)获得‹power›; 承担‹responsibility›; 担任to assume office就职。
雅思阅读同义替换整理(完整)
雅思阅读同义替换整理adequate inadequatesufficient deficient=insufficient充足的ample 反不充足的scarce / rare(Enough) plenty of (Not enough) shortageabundant lacking / lackraiseriseincreasegrow上升soar/surgeascendaccelerate=speed upboost / promote / enhance v. 促进prosper / thrive / flourish v. 繁荣beneficial/ profitable / rewarding/ successful a. 有利的, 成功的advantage/ virtue/ merit/ benefit/ strength/ positive side n. 优点，好处fall / drop / plunge/ slumpdecrease / decline / descend 下降degrade / degenerate/ deteriorate v. 恶化, 退化devastate / destroy/ demolish v. 破坏reduce / reductionlessen / minimize下降relieve / alleviate v. 减轻vanish / disappear/fade v. 消失depression/ recession n. 衰退harmful/ devastating/ detrimental a. 有害的poisonous / toxic / noxious a. 有毒的disadvantage/failing/ defect/ drawback/ fault/ weakness/negative side n. 缺点，不利obstacle/ barrier/ hurdle / hinder / obtrude 阻碍sharply副词swiftly slowlyrapidly gradually快速地quickly 缓慢地steadilyrapidly instantly slowly by degreeimmediately step by steppromptlyinfluence/ impact/ effectaffect/ ruin影响interfere with / intervene indisturb/ disrupt有效的：valid / effective / efficient正面的：favorable, positive有成果的：productive/ fruitful/ rewarding灾难性的：disastrous, destructive, devastating, catastrophic 负面的：adverse, negative有毒的：poisonous, toxic, noxious, harmfulconsiderablesubstantial intenseenormous intensivetremendous 强烈的severeimmense extreme巨大的，众多的dramatic drasticgreat/many drastic explosivesignificant indispensablecountless vitalnumerous 重要的crucialinnumerable criticalvast essentialradical fundamental=basicadvanced rudimentarysophisticated 反crude先进的perfect 落后的，原始的primitiveunmatched undevelopedunrivalled underdevelopedout of datecomplexexcellent marked complicatedoutstanding 明显的obvious 复杂的sophisticatedexceptional evident intricatedistinguished apparentremarkable remarkable著名的extraordinaryfamous prominenteminent feeble variouspre-eminent fragile 多样的diversedominant 脆弱的vulnerable 不同的diversifiedbrittle distinctstagnant mobile （motion=movement）stationary 反dynamic静止的static 移动的migratorystable/steady稳定的locomotivefluctuate v. 波动connected to seperatelinked to 反分离的segregated与...相关联associated with scatteredrelated to detachedholy prosperous novelsacred 繁荣的thriving 创新的innovative神圣的heavenly 兴旺的booming creative divine flourishing originalfatal dishonest quaint致命的deadly 不诚实的古怪的oddmortal deceptive strange weirdlethal bizarrepeculiar recent最近的current appropriate chronic现在的nowadays 适合的proper 长期的present suitable long-termcontemporary fitexpensivefrugal hardworking costly节俭的thrifty 勤劳的industrious 奢侈的exorbitant economical diligent 昂贵的luxuriousarduous sumptuousexcessive fair objective公平的equal 客观的随意的casual equitable unbiased randomimpartial unplannedapproximate puzzlingabout confusing broad大约almost 令人困惑的bewildering 广阔的vast nearly perplexing widevirtually great动词：transform transmit改变shift 发送transferchange convert send deliverturn...into emit=give offoffer finance support提供grant 资助fund 支持advocate provide supply sponsor champion render subsidizeinhabit replace administer 居住lodge substitute 管理administrate live reside 取代take the place of manage dwell swap=exchange互换accommodate提供住宿dispute / argue争议（controversial有争议的）refute/ reject/ refuse 拒绝get rid ofconflict/ conflicting 矛盾的，冲突的去除eliminate驳斥oppose/ opposition 反对除掉dismiss反对object/ objection 反对dispose ofanti-词根表反对abandon=give upagree/ agreement quetsion / debate同意consensus 共识质疑agree no doubt/ undoubtedly doubt skepticism/ criticism反considering /regarding regardless of不考虑考虑到given/in view of 鉴于diffuse duplicate reproduce distribute复制replicate 繁殖multiply 扩散dispersecopy reproduce breed propagate spread extendpropagate restrict createrestrain produce take place限制constrain 产生develop 发生happenlimit confine make manufacture occurbound/limit yieldemphasize recognize motivatestress identify stimulate强调focus on 辨认distinguish 激励facilitate concentrate on understand promotehighlight appreciate encouragecombine separate strike=hitconnect split crash联合unite 分离segregate 撞击clash统一join 隔绝isolate=insulate隔绝conflict 冲突link distinguish 区分break upassociate 摔碎shattermerge合并fragments碎片lead to originate from survivecontribute to derive from 存活bring about date from sustain导致result in 源自于come from revive引发cause from extend from 复活cause induce range from Renaissance sparkrecall anticipaterecollect forecast check回忆retrospect 预期predict 检查examine remember expect inspectmemorize foreseeguess in advancedegrade demolish criticize恶化degenerate 拆毁knock down 批评blame deteriorate devastate reproachdismantlestart开始begin attract hinderinitiate 吸引fascinate 阻碍obtrudelaunch obsess hurdlecommence lure barrier/obstacle n.temptpollute classify assume污染分类认为contaminate categorize suppose。
雅思阅读常见同义词转换
雅思阅读的常考同义词转换approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.impressive =touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.rely on=depend on 依靠v.perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉v.calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate计算v.coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造v.inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的adj.revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进n.primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地adv.due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.prior to=beforehand=before=in advance之前result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的address=solve=deal with=handle 处理v.maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持v.illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明v.notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到v.spectacular=impressive =striking=grand 壮观的adj.outcome =result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack不足的supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.calculate=measure 计算v.local=domestic=native当地的adj.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.international =global=worldwide 国际的adj.shipping=freight 船运n.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n. understanding=knowledge 了解n.well-being=health 健康n.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.give up=abandon 放弃higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.disease =illness 病痛n.interior=inner=inside 内部的adj.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.reason=cause=factor=origins=root原因n.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.newspapers, television=media媒体n.where to live=habitat居住地n.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice忽略，无视v. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.change=modify(modification) 改变v.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into =look into 调查v.where=geographical location 表地点get warmer=global warming变暖n.contribute to=play a part有助于v.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.curriculum=course课程n.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.underdeveloped=degenerated不发达的adj.poor=bad =not very good=impoverished =weak贫穷的，可怜的adj. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive超常的，例外的adj.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.fragment =pieces碎片n.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure =make certain of保证，确保v. suitable=appropriate=proper =matching 合适的adj.expertise=skill 专门技术n.investigation=analysis 调查n.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.funded support=finance 资金n.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.mating=courtship交配.follow=track=tail =stalkr跟随，跟踪v.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.teach=educate=train=coach教学v.more than one language=bilingual多种语言n.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent年轻人n.community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated =unfashionable传统的adj.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=not work失败v.endanger =damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded感到惊讶的adj.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.blind=can not see瞎的adj.initiative=on your own/by yourself =on your own initiative =to be the person who starts something主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.increase=rise=grow=climb =escalate =widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.differ from=unusual与…不同v.reluctant=unwilling=not willing勉强的adj.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.retrain=taking courses again再教育v.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.long-term=chronic=long-running =lasting =prolonged =enduring =incurable长期的adj. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest抱怨n.illness=disease =infection疾病n.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.insight =understanding理解，见解n.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.strategy=way=method=approach=technique =tactics 方法，功略n.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.specific =greater detail=be more specific =elaborate特定的adj.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.engage=give somebody a job=employ =appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.combine=mix联合v.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证v.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target目的n.encourage=persuade =get somebody to do something=influence =talk somebody into鼓励v.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察v.comment=remark =point=statement= announcement=declaration评论include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=straint关心，担心n.official=formal=authorized官方的，正式的adj.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.inadequate=not enough =insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.specialist =expert专家n.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的adj.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying =unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.field=area =domain= sphere领域n.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件n.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail流行,获胜v.contract=agreement =compromise 合约n.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to 服从，顺从v.unfold=open=happen=develop 展开，发生v.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.prior to=before=previous在…前面genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.forge =counterfeit 形成;伪造v.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.poverty= being poor贫穷n.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.ambitious=ambition =competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj. machinery =machine=device=robot=appliance机械n.ultimate = final最终的，根本的adj.occur=happen=take place =come about=come up=turn up=arise发生v.expand= get bigger=grow =stretch扩张，扩大v.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.situation= circumstances =case情况，状况n.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.various =a variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.objective=impartial=neutral =unbiased客观的adj.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be underinvestigation 调查postpone=put back=delay 延期，推迟v.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj. similar=like=resembled相似的adj.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.unique =distinct =extraordinary=special独特的adj.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如resource=material=source资源，来源n.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj. settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.superiority=advantage =high quality优势n.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.release=issue=launch=convey =deliver 发行，发表v.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.react=respond 反应v.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance障碍，困难n.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.process=procedure过程n.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.construct=build=make=found 建造v.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.exploitation =utilization=usage利用，使用n.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.military=battlefield军事separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.consciousness=awareness 意识n.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect认为v.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected潜在的，可能的adj.prospect=expectation=outlook展望，希望n.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.community=organization=group=body团体n.remote=distant 遥远的adj.require=desire=order=command要求v.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv. destination=goal=end point目的地n.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv. output=product输出，产品n.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.elderly people=old people 老人n.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.exercise=physical activity 运动n.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.restricted=limited 有限的adj.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj. money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.staff=employee=worker 员工n.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity 机会n. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.focus on=emphasize =concentrate on 集中于change=shift=alter=transfer 改变v.establish=build=found=set up=start 建立v.consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍v.implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行v.warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告v.renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的adj. limit=restrict=constrain 限制v.waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物n.dental=teeth 牙齿的encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励v.monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视v.official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员n.collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌v.absorb=digest=take in 吸收v.severe=serious =heavy 严重的adj.recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出v.adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应v. allocate=distribute =grant=confer 分配v.upgrade=improve =make improvements 改进，提高v.advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的adj.evidence=proof=documentation 证据n.large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的adj.more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过v.sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的adj.establish=found=build=set up 建立v.require=demand=need=call for 要求v.fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳n.manifest=show=reveal=present 显示v.trial=experiment=test n.实验success =positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就farming=agriculture n.农业simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织，使协调categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped v.分类average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core adj.主要的: consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究smell=odour=scent n.气味be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的adj.in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外ensure=make sure=make certain保证v.prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止v.expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发v.certain=some=a measure of adj.一些building=property=construction n.建筑financial support=fund=financial aid 资助biological clock=internal clock 生物钟prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长format=pattern n.格式less successful student=struggler 差等生spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的innate=built-in adj.先天的entail=involve v.包含pitfall=trap n.陷阱pesticide: a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops n.杀虫剂preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example food or wood n.防腐剂hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.accompany=with=together=along with陪伴,伴随mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.class="type"=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.rehearsal=practice=training =exercise排练，演习nequal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.influence=effect=side effect=impact =the implications 影响n.behavior=manner =behave行为compare= make a comparison =contrast 比较v.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv. establish =to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell =be conscious意识到v.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit =confine=fix 限制produce=form=create=generate生产v.guarantee=promise =give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v. independence =self-reliance 独立n.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.central=middle中心的adj.did not have=without没有v.bring=confer=award=present=grant =offer带来v.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify增加assistant=helper=coach 助手n.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous巨大的adj.illustrate=show =demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v. rival =competitor 对手，竞争者n.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness错误，缺点。
雅思阅读同义词替换表
雅思阅读同义词替换表(总15页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除阅读词汇考频考查的单词正确的选项词性中文含义abundant plentiful a.大量的accelerate increase v.加速；加大accessible available a.可用的2 accordingly for that reason；consequentlyad.因此2 account （for）explain v.解释；说明accumulate collect v.积累；积聚a couple ofyearstwo years两年adequate sufficient a.充足的adhere stick v.黏附；胶着adjunct addition n.附加物administered managed v.管理adorn decorate v.装饰advent arrival n.出现、到达adversely negatively ad.不利地；有害地advocate proponent n.倡导者；辩护者aesthetically artistically ad.审美地；美学地affront insult v侮辱轻蔑aid help v.帮助alert wary a.机敏的allay reduce v.减少alter change v.改变；调整alternative option n.替代；替代物altogether completely ad.完全地ancillary secondary a.附属的；辅助的annihilate conquer v.消灭；征服antagonist enemy n.对手；敌人antecedent predecessor n.先辈anticipate look forward to v.期待；盼望apace with as fast as快速的appealing attractive a.吸引人的apply used for v.应用；适用appreciated (-tion)recognized(-tion)v.(-n)赏识aptly appropriately ad.适当地arduous difficult a.艰巨的；艰苦的article object n.物品，物体ascend climb v.攀升；升高2assemble gather; bring together v.装配；组合assortment variety n.品种；种类assumption belief n.确信的想法attachment preference for n.依恋；偏好2 attained achieved; reached v.达到attendant accompanying n.服务员attire clothing n.衣着；盛装2attribute credit; characteristics v.被认为；被鉴定;特征avail make use v.有用avid eager a.渴望的；热心的barren infertile a.贫瘠的；不毛的besides in addition to prep.除此之外2bias prejudice n.偏见；嗜好bind tie v.捆；绑；使结合boosted raised v.提高，推进2 bound limit held n. v.范围；界限;限制break departure from n.决裂；破裂brief look glance n.瞥视；浏览bring about cause v.导致；引起brittle easily broken a.易碎的calculate determine v.计算；确定came to theforefrontbecame importantcarried on continued v.继续carry support v.支撑；支持cease stop v.停止；结束celebratory full of praise n.颂扬celestial astronomical a.天空的；天上的chance unplanned a.偶然的；碰巧的characteristics qualities n.性质，特性chronicle describe v.记述classify categorize v.分类clear unobstructed a.畅通的；无阻的2clue information n.线索；信息cluster group v.成群2 coarse rough; crude a.粗糙的coin create v.创造；杜撰coincide with happen at the same time ad.同时2 collective(-ly)group (together)n.(ad)集体(共同地)come of age establish itself v.达到法定年龄；确立自身地位comparably similarly ad.可比地；相当地compelling forceful a.被迫的component parts n.部分compose focus on v.创作；创造comprise consist of v.包含；包括concealed covered a.隐藏着的concentrate cluster v.集中；积聚conclusive definitive a.最后的concomitantwithin conjunction with ad.协同concrete specific a.具体的；特定的concur agree v.同意configuration arrangement n.结构；形状2 confine limit; restrict v.限制；局限confirm uphold v.证实；确认conflicting opposing a.冲突的；抵触的conjectural based on guessing a.猜测的；推测的consequence result n.结果2conserve store; retain v.保存；保护3considerable large; substantial;much; greata.很重要的；很大的consistent constant a.持续的consort associate v.结交conspicuous noticeable a.显着的2constituent (-v.)component (make up)n. (v.)成分；要素(构成；组成) consumed (-n)eaten (eat)v. (n.)吃掉2 contemporary existing; written atthat timea. n.当代的；现有的;同时代convergence gathering n.聚集2 convert change v.转换correspondingly similarly ad.相应地；对应地count weigh v.有价值；有分量counteract negate v.抵消；反作用counterpart version n.复本；对应物crisscross move back and forth v.穿梭；交错往来critical judge offine artsconnoisseur n.鉴赏家；评论家crucial important a.重要的cumbersome burdensome a.麻烦的；笨重的dampen moisten v.使潮湿daring bold a.勇敢的；大胆的deft skilled a.熟练的；灵巧的deliberate careful a.审慎的；仔细的demand require v.要求；需求demise death n.死亡demonstrate show v.表明；证实dense thick a.稠密的；浓厚的depend rely v.依靠depict represent; describe v.描述depress lower v.压低；使沮丧derive obtain v.得到derived from based on v.基于2detectable measurable; apparent a.可察觉的；易发现的detecting finding v.探测devastated ruined a.毁坏的；被破坏的developing evolving a.发展的；演化的2devote to dedicate; specializinginv.致力于；献身于dictate determine v.指示；决定diffuse travel v.扩散；传播disaster catastrophe n.灾难discard get rid of v.丢弃；抛弃discrete separate adj.不连续的dispute argument n.争论；争执disseminate spread/impart v.散布；传播2distinct separate; different a.清晰的；不同的distinguish differentiate v.区分；辨别divergence difference n.差异；变化3 diverse dissimilar; varied;differenta.多种多样的；不一样的dividing line boundary n.边界；分界线do sth.repeatedlyiterate v.重复；反复2domain field; region n.领域；范围dominate be prevalent in v.支配；控制dramatic striking a.显着的2 drastic (-ly)radical (severely) a. (ad)激烈的；猛烈的2draw attract; instruct v.吸引;引导2 durability (-able)endurance (long-lasting)n. (a.)经久，耐久(持久的；耐用的) dwelling house n.住处；寓所eager enthusiastic a.热心的2easily moved portable a.轻便的；可携带的2effect (-iciency)influence(effectiveness)v. (n.)影响；效果elaborately done in great detail ad.详尽地；精心地elevate promote v.提高；提升elicit bring out v.引出embraced welcomed v.欢迎emerge appear v.浮现；出现2 emit (-ing)give off (producing)v.发出(生产，发行)emphasize stress v.强调employ use v.雇佣；应用2enable allow; help v.使能够；使可能enactment performance n.演出；表演encompass include v.包含end goal n.末端；目的endless continuous a.不断的engaged hired v.雇佣ensure guarantee v.保证entire whole a.全部的entity object n.实体；存在entomb trap v.埋葬；设陷阱era period of time n.时期eradicate eliminate v.除去；消除erroneous ideas misconception n.误解；错误观念erroneouslyidentified asmistake v.误以为；误认为2 essence (-tial)basic nature;fundamentaln. (a.)基本(基本的)establish create v.设立；创作estimated judged v.鉴定evidence indicate n.迹象；预示evolution development n.发展exalted superior a.高贵的；崇高的2excavate dig v.挖掘；开凿exceptional remarkable a.非同一般的execute create v.造成；制成；履行；执行exercise utilize v.行使，利用exert cause v.引起；产生exorbitant expensive a.昂贵的expendable unprofitable a.没有用的2expose subject to; uncover v.使暴露；暴露于2extend stretch;increase v.延长；扩展2 extol praise v.赞美2extract remove v.提取；取得extraordinary supreme a.非凡的；极度的2 fabricate make; construct v.制作；装配faction side n.小派系fashion create v.造成，引起fatal deadly a.致命的2 favor prefer v.喜爱feed put v.供给；供应feel detect v.察觉；感觉finding scientific discoveryfine (-ly)tiny; minutely a.细小的fixture commonplace object n.固定设备；附属装置flamed burned a.燃烧的flattering complimentary a.称赞的；奉承的flourished thrived n.茂盛forage feed v.搜索；寻找食物foremost leading adj.最主要的formidable difficult a.艰难的forward-looking progressive a.向前看的；有远见的frame （-work）pose (structure)v. (n.)构造；提出 (框架结构) freeing releasing n.解除，释放functional usable a.合用的fundamental basic a.基础的；基本的furnish provide v.提供fuse combine v.熔合；结合gambit calculated risk n.策略；谋略gap open n.缺口；缝隙give way to turn into v.让位；变成glowing shining a.光亮的good name reputation n.名声；名誉graphic vivid a.生动的gradually by degrees ad.逐渐地grumbled complained v.抱怨hard firm a.坚硬的；牢固的hard to dealwithstubborn a.执拗的；固执的hardiest most vigorous a.最强壮的heart center n.中心hemisphere side n.半球；半边henceforth from that time on ad.自此以后herald announce v.预示；预报hinged on depended on v.依靠hinterland region n.地方；区域ideal perfect a.完美的identical exactly alike a.同样的ignite set on fire v.点燃imitate copy v.模仿；伪造immunity protection n.保护immutable unchangeable a.不变的impediment obstacle n.妨碍；阻碍imperceptibly subtly ad.不可觉察地；极缓慢地implement tool n.工具；器械implication significance n.含义；意义imposing demanding a.紧迫的；紧急的in place of instead of ad.代替in reality actually n.实际上；事实上inaccessible unreachable a.难接近的；难达到的inception beginning n.起初incinerate burn up v.烧毁incised carved a.雕刻的inclination preference n.倾向；偏好incorporate combine v.结合；合并incriminate blame有罪induce cause vt.导致influx arrival n.流入；到达ingenuity resourcefulness n.机灵inhibit hinder v.阻止；阻碍2initiate start; cause v.开始；引发2 innovation (-tive)new idea (new)n.创新；革新(创新的) insignificant unimportant a.不重要的instance case n.实例；例证integral essential; fundamental a.整体的；不可缺少的2 intense (-sive)extreme (concentrated) a.强烈的；(加强的，集中的)intent goal; purpose n.目的interchangeable equivalent a.相等的；可互换的intervals periods n.周期intermittently periodically ad间歇的intervention influence n.干涉；影响intricate complex a.复杂的intriguing attractive; fascinate a.迷人的invade move into v.侵入inviting attractive a.吸引人的；诱人的justify prove v.辩护；证实key important a. 重要的laborious difficult a.费力的lament complain about v.抱怨lie be located v.位于load weight n.重担locale place n.场所lured attracted v.吸引，引诱magnify intensify v.放大；强化3maintain preserve; keep v.维持；坚持major principal a.主要的；大型的make possible allow v.允许；使可能mandate require v.要求margin edge n.边；边缘2 marked pronounce; noticeable a.明显的；显着的means method n.方法merely only ad.仅仅地，只不过meteoric rapid a.迅速的meticulously careflly ad.小心地minuscule tiny a.很小的；微小的minute tiny a.微小的；细微的modifying changing v.修改；变化momentarily briefly ad.短暂的monopolize dominate v.独占；占优势moreover furthermore; inadditionad.此外motif design n.图案；花纹mundane ordinary a.世俗的；普通的myriad many a.许多的；无数的nascent immature a.新生的；初生的nevertheless however ad.然而；仍然norm standard n.标准noted observed v.注意到noticed announced v.宣告，通告notwithstanding despite; in spite of prep.尽管nourish feed喂养noxious harmful a.有害的；有毒的obtain get; acquire v.获得；取得obvious apparent a.明显的；显而易见的optimal best a.最佳的ornate elaborate a.华丽的oscillate swing v.摇摆震荡outbreak beginning n.爆发；开始outline summarizing v.总结；概括outstanding excellent a.杰出的；显着的over great faraway a.遥远之处distancesovertaken surpassed v.赶上，超越partitioning division n.划分peak maximum a.最高的；高峰的peculiar strange a.奇特的penetrate go through v.穿透；透过people in theactor n.演员；剧中人物playperiphery outer edge n.外围permeate spread through v.传遍persist continue v.持续personalcharisma n.个人魅力magnetismpertinent relevant a.有关的phenomena event n.现象；事件pick up follow v.寻找；寻路picture imagine n.图片pit hole n.坑；洼地place measure v.plunge drop n./v.投入，陷入ponderous heavy a.笨重的pore hole n.毛孔；细孔position job n.职位；职务postulate suggest v假定potential possible a.潜在的；可能的precarious uncertain a.不稳定的precise accurate a.精确的prefer favor v.偏好；喜欢preoccupation involvement n.专心preside over manage v.负责；统辖presumably probably ad.大概prevailed dominated v.成功，统治2 prevailing most frequent; dominant a.盛行的；流行的prevent avoid v.制止；阻止2 primary (-ly)fundamental (chiefly) a. (ad.)基本的；初步的(主要地)prior to preceding a.在先；居前prized valued a.贵重的probe explore v.探察produce butter n.产物；产品2 prolific productive (fruitful) a.多产的prominent distinguished (famous) a.显着的；卓越的proponent supporter n.支持者prospect possibility n.期望；前景prototype model n.原型；范例protrude project v.突出；伸出pry off locate v.查找puncture pierce v.刺穿；刺破pursue chase v.追赶raise rear v.饲养；养育random unpredictable a.不可知的rapidity swiftness n.迅速rare infrequent a.稀有的；罕见的rather （than）instead (of)ad.相反；相反地raw unprocessed adj.未加工的readily easily ad.容易地realization awareness n.认识；意识reap accept v.收获；接受rear raise v.培养；饲养reckless irresponsible a.不负责任的recorded documented a.已纪录的recruit enlist v.征募；补充refreshing unusual a.清新的；清爽的regardless of no matter what a.不管relate connect v.相关；关联reliance dependence n.依靠remarkable significant a.异常的；非凡的renounce reject v.拒绝representative typical a.典型的resemble be（appear）similar to v.相似；类似resolve find a solution for v.解决resort to using v.采用revered respected v.尊敬revise change v.修正；改造revitalize bring new life to v.新生robust strong a.强健的；坚强的roll back reduce v.压低；减少2rotate alternate; turn v.轮流；更迭rot decay v.腐烂roughly approximately ad.概略地；大约rudimentary undeveloped a.原始的；简单的run operate v.操纵rupture burst v.破裂；裂开rushing rapid a.急流的sanitation health n.卫生；健康状态saturate soak v.浸透；饱和saying twoparadox n.悖论；隽语opposite thingsscale measure n./v.刻度/测量2 scarce (-ly)rare (barely) a. (ad.)稀有的scatter irregularly distribute v.分散scope extent n.范围scorched burned v.烧焦score musical compositions n.乐谱scurrying rushing v.急赶2 secure acquire; safe v. ad.获得；取得;安全的sedentary inactive a.不移栖的sentiment opinion n.意见；观点serve as function as v.充当；担任set establish v.确定；安置2 settle (-ed)decide (stabled)v.决定；解决(固定的)severe poverty indigence n.贫困；赤贫shield protect v.保护；避开significant meaningful a.有重要意义的site location n.地点；场所skepticism doubt n.怀疑主义；怀疑态度sketching drawing n.速写；素描skilled expert a.熟练的；擅长的skyrocket increase rapidly v.猛涨，突增sleep briefly nap n.小睡；打盹smoothoperationeffective functioningsmother eliminate v.覆盖；除去snap break v.折断；拉断2 sole only a.唯一的；独一的solemn serious a.严肃的；庄重的sort out separate v.挑选出source ofenergyfuel n.能源；燃料span cover v.包含spawn create v.产生spark bring about v.激发；发动speculate hypothesize v.推测；假设staggering overwhelming a.压倒的；压倒之势的standard customary a.标准的standing not flowing a.停滞的；不流动的2 staple popular edition; basicelementn.大宗物品；流行的东西主要成分stimulate encourage v.激发；促进story level n.楼层；层strain stress v.拉紧，重压strength basis n.实力；基础stress emphasize v.强调striking noticeable a.显着的stringent strict a.严格的；严厉的strive try努力奋斗struggle competition n.竞争subject susceptible a.易受影响的；遭受影响的subjugate conquer v.征服subsequent later a.后来的2 subsidy (-ize)finance n. (v.)补助金；补贴subtle slight adj.微小的；精细的succinct concise a.简洁的；简练的sufficient adequate a.足够的；充足的suitably appropriately ad.适宜地sumptuous luxurious a.豪华的；奢侈的sums amounts n.和supplant replace; displace v.取代；替代2supplement extension; add to n.补充；补遗support hold v.支持；支撑supposedly seemingly ad.按照推测；表面上supremacy dominance n.至高无上；支配地位supreme most outstanding a.最大的；极度的2 surge (-ing)increase sharply(accelerating)v. (a.)急剧增加(高涨的；跃进的)suspend hang v.挂；悬挂sustain support v.支撑symmetrical proportionally balanced a.对称的；匀称的tangled twisted together a.混乱的teeming with full of充满telling challenging a.有效的；有力的tempting attractive a.诱人的testimony evidence of n.证据thanks to because of n.由于；多亏thereby by that means ad. 因此think highly admire v.钦佩；羡慕thrive grow well v.茁壮成长thwart frustrate v.使受挫tolerate endure v.忍受；忍耐trace imprint n.痕迹；遗迹transition change, convert v.转变trend tendency n.趋势；趋向typify characterize v.代表，表现ultimately eventually; in the end ad.最后2undergo experience v.经历underscore emphasize v.强调underwatercraftsubmarine n.潜水艇undoubtedly certainly ad.的确地2 unique particular; singular a.独特的unprecedented never seen before a.空前的unravel discover v.解开；阐明unrestricted unlimited a.无限制的；自由的unsubstantiated unverified a.未证实的；未核实的urged encouraged v.催促，鼓励usher beginning v.引导；开始2 vary (-ious)differ (-ent)v.变化；改变(不同的) 2 vast large; great a.巨大的；广阔的venture endeavor n.冒险；冒险行动very closely intimately ad.亲密；密切vessel craft n.船vestige evidence n.遗迹；残余virtually completely n.实质地want to much greedy a.贪婪的；贪心的whether if conj.是否wider more extensive a.宽广的witness observe v.目睹；目击yield provide v.产生；产生效果。
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同义替换11.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.2.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点3.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.4.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.5.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.6.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.7.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.8.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.9.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think theyare extremely interesting吸引，使着迷v.10.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.11.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.12.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.13.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toethe line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.14.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.15.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.16.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.17.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.18.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the differencebetween good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.19.prior to=before=previous在…前面20.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.21.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.22.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that ismore important牺牲v.23.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.24.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.25.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.26.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.27.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.28.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.29.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.30.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especiallysomething that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.31.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.32.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.33.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.34.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.35.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=copewith=deal with 安排，处理v.36.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than byconsidering the facts=instinct 直觉n.37.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.38.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.39.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.40.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.41.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have abad result=getting worse悲观的adj.42.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力43.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.44.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.45.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.46.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.47.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.48.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.49.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.请加微信：ielts6888 雅思加油站获取完整课程和资料，别家均为盗版，不齐全！50.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.51.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.52.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.53.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如54.resource=material=source资源，来源n.55.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.56.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.57.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.58.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.59.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.60.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.61.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.62.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.63.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.64.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.65.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.66.release=issue=launch=convey=publish=deliver 发行，发表v.67.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.68.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.69.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.70.react=respond 反应v.71.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.72.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.73.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange orunclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.74.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.75.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.76.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.77.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.78.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.79.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.80.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.81.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.82.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.83.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.84.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.85.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.86.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.88.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.89.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.90.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.91.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, socialclass etc.同龄人，伙伴n.92.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.93.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.94.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.95.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.请加微信：ielts6888 雅思加油站获取完整课程和资料，别家均为盗版，不齐全！96.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.97.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at thebottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.98.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.99.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.100.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.。