ACCA考试：F3 财务会计教材概述(国际版)(BPP版本)
ACCA新大纲解析-F3
2014年ACCA新大纲考试科目全介绍Financial Accounting (FFA/F3)科目介绍：F3课程主要向学员介绍了财务会计准则、相关会计科目账户建立以及准确财务信息的提供。
大纲介绍了财务报表编制准备及会计科目建立原则。
接着大纲深入展开了公司各类经营行为的会计记录方法，如何使用试算平衡表使用、如何改正账面错误以及需合并报表或非合并报表财务报告的准备工作。
之后大纲分出两个重点方向展开，一是要求考生能够对财务报表做一些简单的解读；二是要求学员能够做报表合并。
近几年考试通过率趋势图：知识结构：科目关联性:F3课程是ACCA财务会计体系下的基础课程，而财务会计是ACCA主要核心内容，F3也是帮助学员建立财务会计概念财务报表编制、合并、解读的相关知识；因此F3是F7财务报告、P2公司报告的基础。
考试形式：F3的考试时长为2小时。
考生可以采用参加统一笔答考试或在计算机考试中心参与计算机考试两种形式。
考试题型由50个单选变为35个单选2个多任务题，单选题共70分，每个任务题15分。
新旧考纲的主要变化：2014年，主要是考试题型上出现了较大的变化，主要是为了更加接近F7财务报告相关考试要求，缩小了两级考试之间的考试难度。
相比之下，F3考试难度增加了，F7反而降低了，在知识结构上，F3的考纲主要是增加了对编制合并报表的要求。
加强了与F7的联系，为考生步入F7的学习打好铺垫。
并且，编制合并报表从简单的选择题到有一定难度的任务题，要求考生熟练掌握报表格式和编制过程。
具体变化点如下：新考纲--任务题（样题）：Question 1The following information relates to Geofrost, a limited liability company, for the year ended 31 October 20X7.Extracts from the statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 October 20X7Additional information:(1)Depreciation expense for the year was $ 4,658,000(2)Assets with a carrying value of $ 1,974,000 were disposed of at a profit of $ 720,000Complete the cash flow statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 October 20X7 for Geofrost.Statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 October 20X7.Question 2BackgroundOn 1 January 20X3 Gasta Co acquired 75% of the share capital of Erica Co for ﹩1,380,000. The retained earnings of Erica Co at that date were ﹩480,000. Erica Co’s share capital has remained unchanged since the acquisition.The following draft statements of financial position for the two companies have been prepared at 31 December 20X9.The non-controlling interest(NCI) was valued at ﹩450,000 as at 1 January 20X3.Task 1Complete the following to determine the goodwill arising on acquisition.Task 2Are each of the following statements relating to consolidation correct?Yes No The process of consolidation results in a single separate legal entity. ○○NIC will always feature within the consolidated financial statements.○○Goodwill is recalculated using the recent fair values at each reporting period end.○○Task 3Select the formula which correctly calculates NCI as at 31 December 20X9, in accordance with IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements.○ 25% of net assets at 31 December 20X9.○ Fair value of NCI at acquisition + 25% of post acquisition profits.○ Fair valu e of NCI at acquisition +25% retained earnings as at 31 December 20X9Task 4Calculate the following figures which will be reported in Gasta’s consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 20X9.。
acca各科考试大纲
acca各科考试大纲ACCA各科考试大纲是ACCA考试的重要参考，它详细说明了每门考试科目的内容、考试形式和评分标准。
以下是一些ACCA主要科目的考试大纲概述：1.F1《商业与科技》：本科目涵盖了商业组织、管理、营销、信息技术等方面的知识，旨在测试考生对商业运营和科技应用的理解能力。
2.F2《管理会计》：本科目主要涉及管理会计的基本概念、成本分类、预算编制、差异分析等内容，旨在培养考生的管理会计技能和决策能力。
3.F3《财务会计》：本科目主要考察财务会计的基本原则、财务报表的编制和解读、会计政策的选择等方面，旨在培养考生的财务会计技能和财务报告分析能力。
4.F4《公司法与商法》：本科目主要涉及公司法、合同法、商法等法律领域的基本概念和原则，旨在培养考生的法律意识和商业法律应用能力。
5.F5《业绩管理》：本科目涵盖了业绩评估、成本管理、预算控制等方面的内容，旨在培养考生的业绩管理技能和成本控制能力。
6.F6《税务》：本科目主要涉及税务法规、税务筹划、税务申报等方面的知识，旨在培养考生的税务处理能力和税务筹划能力。
7.F7《财务报告》：本科目是F3的延伸，更深入地探讨了财务报告的编制和分析，包括合并报表、财务分析等内容，旨在培养考生的高级财务报告技能和分析能力。
8.F8《审计与认证业务》：本科目主要涉及审计程序、内部控制评估、风险管理等方面的知识，旨在培养考生的审计技能和风险管理能力。
9.F9《财务管理》：本科目涵盖了投资决策、融资决策、资本结构管理等方面的内容，旨在培养考生的财务管理技能和资本运作能力。
10.P级科目（P1-P7）：这些科目是ACCA的高级阶段课程，涵盖了更专业、更深入的领域，如高级业绩管理（P1/P3）、高级财务管理（P2）、高级税务（P6）、高级审计与鉴证（P7）等。
这些科目旨在培养考生在专业领域的高级技能和知识应用能力。
ACCA考试《F3财务会计》辅导资料7
ACCA考试《F3财务会计》辅导资料7本文由高顿ACCA整理发布，转载请注明出处Session 3 Double entry bookkeeping☆The duality concept and double entry bookkeepingDuality concept: each and every transaction has a double effect on the business and the accounting equations.(A= C + L)Rules of double entry bookkeeping:● Each time a transaction is recorded, both effects must be taken into account.● These two effects are equal and opposite such that the accounting equation will always prove correct.Assets – Liabilities = Capital● Traditionally, one effect is referred to as the debit side ( Dr.) and the other as the credit side of the entry (Cr.)☆Ledger accounts, debits and creditsLedger account:● transactions are recorded in the relevant ledger ac counts. There is a ledgeraccount for each asset, liability, revenue and expenses’ item, and for the owner’s capital.● Each account has two sides: the debit and credit sides.● The duality concept means that each transaction will affect two le dger accounts● One account will be debited and the other credited● Whether an entry is to debit or credit side of an account depend on the types of account and the transaction.☆Recording cash transactionsCash transactions:Payment is made or received immediately.Cheque payments or receipts are classed as cash transactions.Double entry involves the bank ledger:A debit entry is where funds are receivedA credit entry is where funds are paid out.☆Recording credit sales and purchasesCredit sales and purchases:● are transactions where goods or services change hands immediately● payment is not m ade or received until some time in the future.Receivables and payables:● Money that a business is owed is accounted for in the receivables ledger● Money that a business owes is accounted for in the payables ledger.Example:Norris notes down the following transactions that happened to Avon in June.1.Sell goods for $250 – the customer will pay in a month.2.Pay $50 petrol for the delivery van.3.Buy $170 goods for resale on credit.4.Buy another $40 goods for resale, paying cash.5.Buy a new computer for the business for $800.Record these transactions using ledger accounts.Solution:1.Dr. Trade receivables250Cr. Sales2502.Dr. Petrol Expense50Cr. Cash in bank503.Dr. Purchase170Cr. Trade payables1704.Dr. Purchase40Cr. Cash in bank405.Dr. Computer800Cr. Cash in bank800● Perpetual and Periodic inventory systemDetailed record of inventory movement in and out of the business can be a very tedious and inefficient process. Such a system of keeping stock records is known as the perpetual system.In a retail business with high stock turnover (i.e. the inventory move very fast) it is almost impossible to keep detailed records of every item of stock that is received and sold, and to recognize the profit on sale of very single item of stock, in such circumstance, the periodic inventory system is applied.In other words, the inventory account remains stagnant through out the entire period.An inventory count is performed at the end of the accounting period to determine the inventory held on hand.Profit is established by taking sales less cost of goods sold, whereCost of goods sold = Beginning inventory + Purchasing – Ending inventory更多ACCA资讯请关注高顿ACCA官网：。
ACCA F3考试国际会计准则内容解析
ACCA F3考试国际会计准则内容解析本文由高顿ACCA整理发布，转载请注明出处ACCA F3 Financial Accounting(International)会计准则内容解析本周学术发展部请来ACCA讲师王朝科为大家介绍ACCA以及F3 Financial Accounting的相关信息。
ACCA (the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants特许公认会计师公会) 成立于1904年，是全球最具规模的国际专业会计师组织，为全世界有志投身于财务、会计以及管理领域的专才提供首选的资格认证。
目前ACCA在全球180个国家有170,000 名会员及436,000名学员。
其中，中国拥有超过23,000名会员及48,000名学员。
ACCA致力于培养会计师的专业能力，支持采纳统一的国际准则，并从雇主的技能需求出发，为会员和学员的事业发展提供完善的专业服务。
F3 Financial Accounting的考试内容是从发生交易后做借贷记账开始，接着录入总账，然后检查和改正记账（试算平衡表trial balance），最后是编制年底的四张主要报表。
在这个流程中会使用到相关的会计准则，目前总共有43个有效的国际会计准则（IFRS and IAS），而F3要求考生掌握其中的13个准则。
下面给大家介绍六个国际会计准则和相关的考试。
例题：(1) IAS 1 Presentation of Financial StatementsIAS 1规定了三张报表的基本格式，财务状况表(statement of financial position)、综合收益表(statement of comprehensive income)和权益变动表(statement of changes in equity)。
F3的考试可能会问到比如某项资产的类别，流动或非流动资产；或者是某些项目是放到哪张报表里面。
特许公认会计师(ACCA) F3财务会计考试讲义
Session 1☆Types of business entityA business can be organized in one of the several ways:●Sole trader – a business owned and operated by one person.The simple form of business is the sole trader. This is owned and managed by one person, although there might be any number of employees. A sole trader is fully personally liable for any losses that the business might make.●Partnership – a business owned and operated by two or more people.A partnership is a business owned jointly by a number of partners. The partners are jointly and severely liable for any losses that the business might make.（Traditionally the big accounting firms have been partnerships, although some are converting their status to limited liability companies.）●Limited Liability Company– a business owned by many people and operated by many （ though not necessarily the same） people. Companies are owned by shareholders. Shareholders are also known as members. As a group, they elect the directors who run the business. Companies are always limited companies.In summary, types of business entity should be differentiated in Ownership; Operation right and Liability for the business to undertake.For all three types of entity, the money put up by the individual, the partners or the shareholders, is referred to as the business capital. In the case of a company, this capital is divided into shares.☆Business Transactions: Main types of business transactions for a business include:●Purchase of inventory for resale●Sal es of goods●Purchase of non-current assets●Payment of expenses●Introduction of new capital to the business●Withdrawal of funds from the business by the owner☆Cash and credit transactions:Cash transactions: the buyer pays for the item immediately or possibly in advance.Credit transactions: the buyer does not have to pay for the item on receipt, but is allowed some time （ a credit period） before having to make the payment.☆Definition of accountingRecording : transactions must be recorded as they occur in order to provide up-to-date information for management.Summarizing: the transactions for a period are summarized in order to provide information about the company to interested parties. ☆Types of accountingFinancial accounting vs management accountingFinancial accounting Cost and managementaccountingPurposeRecord financial transactionsInformation of cost of operationsLegal requirementLimited liability company, by law, prepare financial accountsNo legal requirement to prepare management accounts Main user ExternalInternal Time At the end of period regularlyInformationhistorichistoric and forecast☆Users of financial statementsAccounting reports users include:●Management : Need information about the co mpany’s financial situation as it is currently and it is expected to be in the future. This is to enable them to manage the business efficiently and to make effective decisions .●Investors: The providers of risk, capital and their advisers are concerned with the risk inherent in , and return provided by, their investments. They need information to helpthem determine whether they should buy, hold or sell.●Trade payables/ Suppliers: Suppliers and other trade payables. Suppliers and other trade payables are interested in information that enables them to determine whether amounts owing to them will be paid when due. Trade payables are likely to be interested in an enterprise over a shorter period than lenders unless they are dependent upon the continuance of an enterprise as a major customer.●Shareholders: Shareholders are also interested in market value of shares as well as information which enables them to assess the ability of the enterprise to pay dividends.●Lenders: Lenders are interested in information that enables them to determine whether their loans, and the interest attaching to them, will be paid when due.●Customers: Customers have an interest in information about the continuance of an enterprise, especially when they have a long term involvement with or are dependent on, the enterprise.●Government and their agencies:Governments are their agencies are interested in the allocation of resources and, therefore, the activities of enterprises. They also require information in order to regulate the activities of enterprises, determine taxation policies and as the basis for national income and similar statistics.●Employees: Employees and their representative groups are interested in information about the stability and profitability of their employers. They are also interested in information which enables them to assess the ability of the enterprise to prove remuneration, retirement benefits and employment opportunities.●General public:Enterprises affect members of the public in an variety of ways. For example, enterprises may make a substantial contribution to the local economy in many ways including the number of people they employ and their patronage of local suppliers. Financial statements may assist the public by providing information about the trends and recent developments in the prosperity of the enterprise and the range of its activities.☆The business entity conceptThe business entity concept●States that financial accounting information relates only to the activities of the business entity and not to the activities of its owner.●The business entity is treated as separate from its owners.Session 8 Irrecoverable debts and allowancesMain contents:1.Irrecoverable debts2.Allowance for receivables3.Accounting for irrecoverable debts and receivable allowances8.1 Irrecoverable debts●Trade receivables:A trade receivable is a customer who owes money to the business as a result of buying goods or service on credit.●Accruals concept:The accruals concept requires a sale to be included in the ledger accounts at the time that it is made.Credit sales are claimed when the sale is invoiced.The double entry at theinvoice date will be:Dr. Cr.Receivables xxSales xxWhen the customer eventually settles the invoice the double entry will be:Dr. Cr.Cash xxReceivables xxProblems: collecting the amounts owing from customersReasons: bankruptcy, fraud or disputes●Prudence concept:The prudence concept requires some adjustment to reflect the actual or potential loss arising from unpaid debts.●Irrecoverable debt:A debt which is considered to be uncollectible.- Highly unlikely that the amount owed will be received.- Written off by writing it out of the ledger accounts completely.●Accounting for irrecoverable debts- It is prudent to remove the irrecoverable debts from the accounts and to charge the amount as an expense for irrecoverable debts to the I.S.- The original sales remains in the accounts as this did actually take place.Dr.Irrecoverable debts expense xxCr.Receivables control account xxExample:Arctic Co.have total accounts receivable at the end of their accounting period of $45,000.Of these it is discovered that one, Mr.X who woes $790, has been declared bankruptcy, and another who gave his name as Mr.Jones has totally disappeared owing Arctic Co.$1,240.Write up the ledger accounts to reflect the writing off these debts as irrecoverable.Solution:Dr.Irrecoverable debts expense 2,030Cr.Receivables control account 2,030●Accounting for irrecoverable debts recoveredIrrecoverable debts are receivedWhen an irrecoverable debt is recovered, the accounting entry is:Dr.Cash xxCr.Irrecoverable debt expense xxExample:At 1 October 20x6 a business had total outstanding debts of $8,600.During the year to 30 September 20x7: Credit sales amounted to $44,000; Payments from various debtors amounted to $49,000; Two debts, for $180 and $420（both including sales tax）were declared irrecoverable.After the debts was written off, the payment is received before the end of the period, now what journal entry to prepare for the recovery of payment?Dr.Cash 600Cr.Irrecoverable debt expense 6008.2 An allowance for receivables:●Allowance for receivables is an estimate of the percentage of debts which are not expected to be paid.（a）When an allowance is first made, the amount of this initial allowance is charged as an expense in the income statement, for the period in which the allowance is created.（b）When an allowance already exists, but is subsequently increased in size, the amount of the increase in allowance is charged as an expense in the income statement, for the period in which the increased allowance is made.（c）When an allowance already exists, but is subsequently reduced in size, the amount of the decrease in allowance is credited back to the income statement, for the period in which the increased allowance is made.The value of trade receivable in the statement of financial position must be shown after deducting the allowance for receivables.Example:A business has trade receivables outstanding at 30 June 20x5 and decided to create 5% allowances for receivables.（a）In the income statement, the newly created allowance of $2,500 （5% x 50,000 = 2,500）will be shown as an expense.（b）In the statement of financial position, trade accounts receivables will be shownas: $Total receivables 50,000Less: allowance for receivables （2,500）47,5008.3 Accounting for irrecoverable debts and receivable allowances●Irrecoverable debts written off- When the irrecoverable debts are written off, the double entry might be:Dr.Irrecoverable debtsCr.Receivable control account- When an irrecoverable debt is subsequently received, the accounting entries are: Dr.CashCr.Irrecoverable debts●Allowance for receivables（a）Open up an allowance accountDr.Irrecoverable debts account （expense）Cr.Allowance for receivables（b）In subsequent years- calculate the new allowance required- compare it with the existing balance on the allowance account- calculate increase or decrease required（only a movement in the allowance is charged to the I.S.）（i）If a higher allowance is required:Dr.Irrecoverable debts expenseCr.Allowance for receivables（ii）If a lower allowance is required:Dr.Allowance for receivablesCr.Irrecoverable debts expenseExample:A has total receivables outstanding at 31 December 20x2 of $28,000.He believes that about 1% of these balances will not be collected and wishes to make an appropriate allowance.Before now, he has not made any allowance for receivables at all.On 31 December 20x3, his trade accounts receivable amount to $40,000.His experience during the year has convinced him that an allowance of 5% should be made.Required: What accounting entries should he make?Solution:At 31 December 20x2,Allowance required= 1% x 28,000 = $280Dr.Irrecoverable debts expense 280Cr.Allowance for receivables 280In SFPReceivables ledger balances 28,000Less: allowances for receivables 28027,720At 31 December 20x3Allowance required now（ 5% x 40,000）2,000Existing allowance （280）Additional allowance required 1,720The double entry will be:Dr.Irrecoverable debts expense 1,720Cr.Allowance for receivables 1,720In SFPReceivables ledger balances 40,000Less: allowance for receivables （2,000）38,000Example 2:Irrecoverable debts are $5,000.Trade accounts receivable at the year end are $120,000.If an allowance for receivables of 5% is required, what are the irrecoverable debts in the income statement?A.$5,000B.$11,000C.$6,000D.$10,750Solution: B120,000 X 5% = 6,000$6000+ $5,000 = $11,000P.S.: The irrecoverable debt expense to be included in I/S should include:Irrecoverable debt written off xx+ Allowance （ movement ）for receivables xx= Total irrecoverable debt expense charged to I/SSession 2☆Financial Statements include:- a statement of financial position at the end of the period- a statement of comprehensive income for the period- a statement of changes in equity for the period- statement of cash flows for the period- notes, comprising a summary of accounting policies and other explanatory notesThe statement of financial position:Statement of Financial Position: showing the financial position of a business at a point of time.The Vertical format of the SFP: （Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2007）●The top half of the balance sheet shows the assets of the business.●The bottom hal f of the balance sheet shows the capital and liabilities of the business.A Statement of financial position at the end of the period （Balance Sheet）:W XangBalance Sheet as at December 31 20X6$ $ Non – current assetsMotor Van 2,400Current assetsInventory 2,390Trade receivables 1,840Cash at bank 1,704Cash in hand 565,990 Total assets 8,390$ $ Capital accountBalance at 1 January 20X6 4,200Add net profit for year 3,450Increase in capital 1,0008,650Less: Drawing for year （2,960）5,690Non – current liabilities 1,000Current liabilitiesPayable 1,700Total 8,390The horizontal format of the SFP: （Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2007）●The left half of the balance sheet shows the assets of the business.●The right half of the balance sheet shows the capital and liabilities of the business.W XangStatement of Financial Position as at 31 December 20x6$ $ $ $ Non-current assets Non-current liabilities1,000Motor van 2,400 Trade payable1,7002,400 Total liabilities2,700Capital accountCurrent assets Balance at 1 January 20X6 4,200Inventory 2,390 Add net profit for year 3,450Trade receivables 1,680 Increase in capital 1,000Cash at bank 1,704 8,650Cash in hand 56 Less: Drawing for year -2,960Total current assets5,990 5,690Total assets8,390 Total capital and liabilities8,390☆The accounting equationFinancial accounting is based upon a very simple idea:The amount of resources supplied by the owner is called capital. The actual resources that are then in the business are called assets. Usually, people other than the owner have supplied some, of the assets, for example, a supplier supplies stock of goods on credit. The business is said to owe a liability towards these suppliers. The following accounting equation always holds true:The accounting equation:ASSETS = PROPRITOR’S CAPITAL + LIABILITIES- Any point in time, the assets of the business will be equal to its liabilities plus the capital of the business;- Assets less liabilities equal the capital of the business, which is known as net assets.- Each and every transaction that the business makes or enters into has twoaspects to it and have a double effect on the business and the accountingequation. This is known as the duality concept.Duality concept:Each and every transaction that the business makes or enters into has two aspects to it and has a double effect on the business and the accounting equations. This is known as duality concept.Illustration:1）. Carl sets up in business by opening a coffee shop –Carl’s Coffee. He puts $5,000 into a business bank account.The opening accounting equation is:Assets （Cash in bank）= Capital + Liabilities（$5,000） = （$5,000） + （$0）2）. Carl buys furniture （chairs and tables） for the shop for $1,500, paying the supplier out of the business bank account.The accounting equation after this transaction is:Assets Capital + Liabilties（ Cash in bank $3,500） = （$5,000）（$0）（Furniture $ 1,500）3）. Now Carl spends a further $2,000 to buy coffee-making equipment and $800 on crockery and cutlery, paying cash out of the business bank account.The accounting equation after this transaction is:Assets Capital + Liabilties（Cash in Bank $700）= （$5,000）（$0）（Equipment $2,000）（Fitting & Fixture $800）（Furniture $1,500）4）. Carl persuades his bank to lend $1,000 to develop the business. The bank loan is accounted for as a liability of the business.The accounting equation is now as follows:Assets Capital + Liabilties（Cash in Bank $1,700） = （$5,000）（$1,000）（Equipment $2,000）（ Fitting & Fixture $800）（Furniture $ 1,500）5）. Carl now buys coffee, tea, milk, sugar, biscuits and cakes for $700, and pays in cash from the business bank account.The accounting equation is now as follows:Assets Capital + Liabilties（Inventory $700） = （$5,000）（$1,000）（Equipment $2,000）（Fitting & Fixture $800）（Furniture $1,500）（Cash in Bank $ 1,000）6）. In his first day of trading, Carl uses up $650 of his inventory, and makes sales totaling $1,050. All his sales are in cash.The accounting equation at the end of the day is as follows:Assets Capital + Liabilities（Inventory $50） = （Beginning $5,000）（$1,000）（Equipment $2,000）（ Profit $400）（Fitting & Fixture $800）（Furniture $1,500）（ Cash in bank $2,050）☆Classification of Assets and LiabilitiesAssets: An asset is something owned or controlled by the business that will result in future economic benefits to the business. （ an inflow of cash or other assets.）Such as:Current assets:are assets owned by the business with the intention of turning them into cash within one year （accounting period）.This definition allows inventory or receivables to quality as current assets, even if they may not be realized into cash within 12 months.Non-current asset:is an asset held for and used in operation（rather than for selling to customer）, with a view to earning income or making profits from its use, for over more than one year （ accounting period）.Liability: is something owed by the business to someone else.Current liability: These include the debts of the business that are repayable within the next 12 months.Non-current liabilities: are liabilities that do not need to be settled for at least one year. （excluding the current portion of the debt）Capital:Capital is a type of liability. It represents the owner’s net investment in the business. Capital appears as a credit balance on the balance sheet.Assets –Liabilities = PROPRIETOR’S CAPITALNet Assets =（ Total ）Assets –（Total） LiabilitiesCapital （at SFP date） = Capital introduced + Profit – DrawingsDrawing: Drawings are any amounts taken out of the business by the owner for their own personal use. Drawings will reduce the capital balance reported on the balance sheet.Include:●Money taken out of the business●Goods taken for personal use●Personal expenses paid by the businessIncome statement☆Financial Statements include:- a statement of financial position at the end of the period- a statement of comprehensive income for the period- a statement of changes in equity for the period- statement of cash flows for the period- notes, comprising a summary of accounting policies and other explanatory notes The statement of financial position:Statement of Financial Position: showing the financial position of a business at a point of time.The Vertical format of the SFP: （Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2007）●The top half of the balance sheet shows the assets of the business.●The bottom half of the balance sheet shows the capital and liabilities of the business.A Statement of financial position at the end of the period （Balance Sheet）:☆Income statement:Mr. W XangIncome statement for the year ended 31 December 20X6$ $Sales revenue33,700Opening inventory 3,200Purchases 24,49027,690Less: Closing inventory （2,390）Cost of sales （25,300）Gross profit8,400Less: Expenseswages 3,385rent 1,200Sundry expenses 365（4,950）Net profit3,450●Showing the financial performance of a business over a period of time.●Reports revenue and expenses for the period.●T he sales revenue shows the income from goods sold in the year●The cost of buying the goods sold must be deducted from the revenue●The current year’s sales will include goods bought in the previous year, so this opening inventory must be added to the current year’s purchases.●Some of this year’s purchases will be unsold at 31/12/20x6 and this closing inventory must be deducted from purchases to be set off against next year’s sales.●The first part gives gross profit. The second part gives net prof it.The I.S. prepared following the accruals concept.Accrual concept:●Income and expenses are recorded in the I.S. as they are earned / incurred regardless of whether cash has been received/ paid.（Sales revenue: income from goods sold in the year, regardless of whether those goods have been paid for.）☆Relationship between a statement of financial position and a statement of income●The balance sheets are not isolated statements, they are linked over time withthe income statement●As the business records a profit in the income statement, that profit is added tothe capital section of the balance sheet, along with any capital introduced. Cash taken out of the business by the proprietor, called drawings, is deducted.Illustration – the accounting equation:The transactions:Day 1 Avon commences business introduction $1,000 cash.Day 2 Buys a motor car for $400 cash.Day 3 Buys inventory for $200 cash.Day 4 Sells all the goods bought on Day 3 for $300 cash.Day 5 Buys inventory for $400 on credit.SFP at the end of each day’s transactions:Solution:Day 1 Assets （Cash $1,000） = Capital （$1,000） + Liabilities （$0）Day 2 Assets （Motor $400） = Capital （$1,000） + Liabilities （$0）（Cash $600）Day 3 Assets （ Inventory $200） = Capital（$1,000） + Liabilities （$0）（Motor $400）（Cash $400）Day 4 Assets （ Motor$ 400） = Capital + Liabilities （$0）（Cash $700）（Beginning$1,000）（Profit $100）Day 5 Assets （Inventory $ 400） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$400）（Cash $700）（Profit $100）AvonStatement of Financial Position as at end of Day 5$ $ Non – current assetsMotor Van 400Current assetsInventory 400Cash in hand 7001,100 Total assets 1,500$ $ Capital accountBalance at Day 1 1,000Add net profit for the period 1001,100 Current liabilitiesPayable 400Total 1,500Example:Continuing from the illustration above, prepare the SFP at the end of each day after accounting for the transactions below:Day 6 Sells half of the goods bought on Day 5 on credit for $250.Day 7 Pays $200 to his supplier.Day 8 Receives $100 from a customer.Day 9 Proprietor draws $75 in cash.Day 10 Pays rent of $40 in cash.Day 11 Receives a loan of $600 repayable in two years.Day 12 Pays cash of $30 for insurance.Your starting point is the SFP at the end of Day 5, from the illustration above.Prepare: SFP at the end of Day 12I.S. for the first 12 days of trading.Solution:Day 6 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$400）（Cash $700）（Profit $150）（A/Receivable$250）Day 7 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $500）（Profit $150）（A/Receivable$250）Day 8 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $600）（Profit $150）（A/Receivable$150）Day 9 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $525）（Profit $150）（A/Receivable$150）（Drawing $75）Day 10 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $485）（Profit $110）（A/Receivable$150）（Drawing $75）Day 11 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $1,085）（Profit $110）（$600）（A/Receivable$150）（Drawing $75）Day 12 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $1,055）（Profit $80 ）（$600）（A/Receivable$150）（Drawing $75）AvonStatement of Financial Position as at end of Day 12$ $ Non – current assetsMotor Van 400 Current assetsInventory 200Trade receivables 150Cash in hand 1,0551,405 Total assets 1,805$ $ Capital accountBalance at Day 1 1,000Add net profit for the period 80Less: Drawing for year （75）1,005Non – current liabilities 600Current liabilitiesPayable 200Total 1,805AvonIncome statement for the period ended at Day 12$ $Sales revenue550Opening inventory 0Purchases 600Less: Closing inventory （200）Cost of sales （400）Gross profit150Less: Expensesrent 40insurance 30（70）Net profit80Session 3 Double entry bookkeeping☆The duality concept and double entry bookkeepingDuality concept: each and every transaction has a double effect on the business and the accounting equations.（A= C + L）Rules of double entry bookkeeping:● Each time a trans action is recorded, both effects must be taken into account.● These two effects are equal and opposite such that the accounting equation will always prove correct.Assets – Liabilities = Capital● Traditionally, one effect is referred to as the debi t side （ Dr.） and the other as the credit side of the entry （Cr.）☆Ledger accounts, debits and creditsLedger account:● transactions are recorded in the relevant ledger accounts. There is a ledgeraccount for each asset, liability, revenue and ex penses’ item, and for the owner’scapital.● Each account has two sides: the debit and credit sides.● The duality concept means that each transaction will affect two ledger accounts● One account will be debited and the other credited● Whether an entry is to debit or credit side of an account depend on the types of account and the transaction.☆IN ARRIVING AT RULE FOR DEBIT AND CREDIT, AN ASSUMPTION ISMADE THAT ASSETS ARE OF A DEBIT NATURE.☆Debit entries record Credit entries recordIncrease in Increase inExpense LiabilityAsset IncomeDrawings CapitalRules: treat the transactions as if all performed by cash.（Cash in--- Debit; Cash out --- Credit）Using T- accountT-accounts are frequently used to simplify the thought process behind recording complex transactions. Using T-accounts, the accountant or bookkeeper can analyze the effects to individual accounts and the impact the transactions have on account balances.Steps to record a transaction:1.Identify the two items that are affected.2.Consider whether they are being increased of decreased.3.Decide whether each account should be debited or credited.4.Check that a debit entry and a credit entry have been made and they are both for the same account.☆Recording cash transactionsCash transactions:Payment is made or received immediately.Cheque payments or receipts are classed as cash transactions.Double entry involves the bank ledger:A debit entry is where funds are receivedA credit entry is where funds are paid out.Example: Show the following transactions in ledger accounts:1.Kamran pays $80 for rent by cheque.2.Kamran sells goods for $230 cash which he banks.3.He then takes $70 out of the business for his personal living expenses.4.Kamran sells more goods for cash, receiving $3,400Solution:1.Dr. Rent expense 80Cr. Cash in bank 802.Dr. Cash in bank 230Cr. Sales 2303.Dr. Drawing 70Cr. Cash in bank 704.Dr. Cash in bank 3,400Cr. Sales 3,400。
ACCAF3考试重要知识点和考点梳理
ACCA F3考试重要知识点和考点梳理考察形式1.选择题：2’*35=70’。
包括文字题和计算题。
2.大题：15’*2=30’。
通常是编制两张报表，即SFP，P&L，CFS，CSFP，CP&L，四选二，但是，报表题目也可能以小题的形式出现在选择题，即考查编制报表时的各个working。
知识梳理及重要考点F3，financial accounting, 整本教材的编制顺序，遵照账务处理顺序，如下所示：Chapter1-4：介绍财务会计基础知识。
（1）会计做账主体为企业，即business。
（2）Sole trader, partnership和Limited liabilitycompany各自的特点。
（3）Financial accounting和management accounting的区别。
（4）Accounting equation（5）7种book of prime entry（6）会计5要素及做账原则，即借贷方表示增/减。
（7）Balancing and closing of T accountChapter5-13：常见账户的会计处理，即double entry。
（1） Chapter 5：Returns, discounts and sales tax。
本章主要考查trade discount和early settlement discount的会计处理及这两种折扣情况下如何计算sales tax，即均以折扣后的净值作为计税基础。
而sales revenue的金额，对于trade discount，以折扣后净值确认，对于early settlementdiscount则以折扣前的总数确认；sales tax liability的计算，即output tax减去input tax。
（2）Chapter 6：Inventory。
本章主要考查valuation of inventory，即lower of cost and NRV；adjustment of openingand closing inventory。
F3-Chapter 1
ACCA ACCA 特许公认会计师公会F3-Financial Accountting主讲老师：Martin Wang一、课程介绍总共26章，财务会计的入门课程，全面讲解财务会计的理念与基础知识。
后续课程有F7&P2。
一、课程介绍二、考试介绍时间：2014年6月10日下午15点考试：2小时形式：全英文，选择题（每题2分），50分及格 2013年12月考试通过率：57%备考时间：14周授课计划：6+2复习计划：。
三、学习方法建议1、课后复习2、相关习题3、制定好学习及复习计划，打好基础，前紧后松不慌张。
4、考前模拟，练好考试状态；考试时仔细审题章节目录CONTENTS PAGE02 The main financial statements 03 Nature of FR Chapter1 Context & purposes of FR01 The purpose of financial reporting04 Users 05 Governance一、学习目标•Define financial reporting and understand the nature, principles and scope of financial reporting.•Identify and define the different business entities of: sole trader, partnership and limited liability company and recognise the legal differences between them. •Identify the advantages and disadvantages of operating as each of the three types of business entity.•Identify the users of financial statements and state and differentiate between their information needs.•Understand and identify the purpose of each of the main financial statements. •Define and identify assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses.一、学习目标(Continued)•Explain what is meant by governance specifically in the context of the preparation of financial statements.•Describe the duties and responsibilities of directors and other parties covering the preparation of financial statements.二、知识结构第1章What is a business?•A business of whatever size or nature exist to make a profit.Types of business entity•Sole traders – refers to ownership, sole traders can have employees •Partnerships– two or more people working together to earn profits •Limited liability company – owners have liability limited to the amount they pay for their shares•A limited liability company has a separate legal identity from its owners. •Advantages and disadvantages of the above types of businesses.•Financial reporting is a way of recording, analysing and summarising financial data.•Financial data is the name given to the actual transactions carried out by a business eg sales of goods.•Financial data is recorded in the book's of prime entry. •Transactions are analysed in the books of prime entry and the totals are posted to the ledger accounts.•The transactions are summarised in the financial statements.认识财务报表：资产负债表认识财务报表：利润表•Asset = Liability + Equity•Sales revenue – Cost= Profit•Closing equity=opening equity+sales-cost(expense) •Asset+cost(expense)=Liability + Equity+sales•The statement of financial position is a list of all the assets owned and all the liabilities owed by a business at a particular date.•An asset is a resource controlled by an entity as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity.•A liability is a present obligation of the entity arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the entity of resources embodying economic benefits.•Equity is the residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all its liabilities.—Always headed ‘as at’, for the date of the statement of financial position.—Non-current assets - assets held and used in the business over the long-term (i.e. more than one year).—Current assets - not non-current assets! Conventionally listed in increasing order of liquidity (i.e. closeness of assets to cash).The statement of financial position is a snapshot of the business at one point in time.•An income statement is a record of income generated and expenditure incurred over a given period.•Income is increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants.•Expenses are decreases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of outflows or depletions of assets or incurrences of liabilities that result in decreases in equity, other than those relating to distributions to equity participants.An income statement for a sole trader will have the following key features:— Headed up with the period for which the income and expenses are being included.— The top part is the trading account which records sales, less cost of sales, to arrive at the gross profit.— Expenses (rent, electricity, wages and salaries etc) are deducted from the gross profit to arrive at the profit for the year.Profit is the excess of total income over total expenditure.Users of Financial Statements •Managers of the company •Shareholders of the company •Trade contacts•Providers of finance to the company •Taxation authorities •Employees of the company •Financial analysts and advisors •Government and their agencies •The publicFinancial accounting and management accounting•Financial accounting and management accounting are different: •Financial Accounting is mainly a method of reporting the financial performance and financial position of a business.•Management Accounting is a mgt info sys which analyses data to provide info asa basis for managerial action.GovernanceThe system by which companies and other entities are directed and controlled .DirectorsMain aim – to create wealth for shareholders.Have a duty of care to show reasonable competence; may have to indemnify the company against loss caused by their negligence.Are in a fiduciary position in relation to the company which means that they must act honestly in what they consider to be the best interests of the company and in good faith.Are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements of the company.让我们一起为明天拼搏……感谢您选择高顿财经. 本章结束！。
ACCA考试《F3财务会计》讲义辅导22
ACCA考试《F3财务会计》讲义辅导22本文由高顿ACCA整理发布，转载请注明出处15.3 Reconstruction of financial statementsWhere limited financial information has been kept, it is possible to reconstruct the financial statements in full.The technique:●Use of ledger accounts to find a balancing figure●Use of cost structure (ratios)Using ledger accounts to find missing figures (the balancing figure approach)It is used in Ledger accounts: i.e.- Receivables- Payables- Cash at bank(hand)to find missing figures in the relevant ledger account factors.●Sales(Receivables) ledger control accountExample:Suppose that opening receivables for B Rubble’s business are $30,000. There have been total receipts from customers of $55,000 of which $15,000 relates to cash sales and $40,000 relates to receipts from receivables. Discounts allowed in the year totaled $3,000 and closing receivables were $37,000.What are total sales for the year?A.$65,000B.$50,000C.$47,000D.$62,000Solution: is ASales = Credit sales + Cash sales= 50,000 + 15,000= 65,000●Purchase (payables) ledger control accountThe opening payables of Dick Dastard-Lee’s business are $15,000. Total payments made to suppliers during the year were $14,000. Discounts received were $500 and closing payables were $13,000.What are total purchases for the year?A.$16,500B.$16,000C.$12,000D.$12,500Solution is D●Cash in hand (bank) accountOn Jan 1 20x9, Simon’s bank account is overdrawn by $1,367. Payments in the year totaled$8,536 and on 31 December the closing balance is $2,227. What are total receipts for the year?A.12,900B.14,900C.13,100D.12,13000:22:54.Solution is DUsing cost structure to find missing figuresIn some instances insufficient information is given to reconstruct both control accounts in full.Two types of cost structure may be used:●Gross profit margin●Mark-upGross profit can be expressed as a percentage of either sales or cost of sales:●Gross profit margin = (Gross profit/ sales) * 100%●Mark up = ( Gross profit / COGS) *100%Example 1:Pad has sales of $1,000, Cost of Sales is 800, Gross profit is 200.The gross profit margin is 200/1000 = 20%The mark up is 200/800 = 25%Example 2:Jack Spratt provides the following information about his business: Margin20%Sales$100,000Opening inventory$10,000Purchases$82,000Closing inventory after fire$3,000What is the cost of inventory lost in the fire?A.$12,000B.$9,000C.$69,000D.$5,667Solution: B(Sales – COGS)/ Sales = 20%(100,000 – COGS)/100,000 = 20%COGS = 80,000Opening Inventory + Purchase – Closing Inventory = COGS10,000 + 82,000 – Closing inventory = 80,000Closing inventory = 12,00012,000-3,000= 9,000更多ACCA资讯请关注高顿ACCA官网：。