巧用构词法帮助解答高考猜词题
(完整版)高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。
英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。
所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。
I.根据上下文语境进行猜测任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。
如：例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people's imagination.例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in otherwords等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示，这时可利用这种关系或解释对前面或后面的词义进行猜测。
高考英语阅读猜词义十法
高考英语阅读猜词义十法近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生的猜词悟义能力的考查，一般有三个小题是直接考查猜词义，再加上阅读过程中碰到的生僻词汇，使得许多同学对阅读理解产生畏惧心理。
其实，阅读理解中的许多“生词”都是我们平时常见的熟词通过合成、加词缀转化而成的，学生可灵活运用猜词技巧，联系上下文猜出其意思。
1、通过构词法猜测词义构词法是中学生必须掌握的语法项目之一，1999年，《考试说明》首次将它作为附表列出。
平时同学们进行阅读训练时，要加强对构词法知识的实践，熟悉常见后缀的含义及派生、合成、转化法的特点，确定所构词的词性和语义。
例如：With their shining brown eyes ,wagging tails ,and unconditional love ,dogs can provide the nonjudgemental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(NMET2003,B篇）初看起来，unconditionnal和nonjudgemental非常生疏，细心观察，前者是condition加前缀un ,加后缀al而成，那就是“无条件的、绝对的”，后者是judge 加前缀non，加后缀ment，再加后缀al而成的，其意思一定是：没有判断力的。
2、通过文中的定义猜测词义定义解释形式多种多样，有定语从句、同位语、并列句、英语释义法，有时用that is (to say),similarly, namely, in other words 等引出来，以补充说明。
NMET05阅读理解A篇中的external fat (fat under the skin)和internal fat ( fat inside the body wall ) 就是采用英语释义法，考查学生直接用英语思维的能力。
在They are vertebrates, that is, animals that have back bones.一句中，从后半部分可以知道vetebrates的意思是“脊椎动物”。
高中英语阅读理解之词义猜测题技巧
高中英语阅读理解之词义猜测题技巧词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
同学们应加强训练通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义的技能。
由于猜测词义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等，因此联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，同学们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
我们必须熟练掌握的猜测词义的方法有：（一）根据构词法判断词义三种构词法，即合成、转化、派生，是我们猜测词义需掌握的基本方法。
合成法：通过构成合成词的每个单词的含义猜测和领会其含义；转化法：通过一个词的本意猜测出它转化后的意思，常见的是名词和动词、形容词和动词以及形容词和名词之间的相互转化；派生法：由一个词根加前缀（p refix）或后缀（suffix）构成词的方法称为派生法。
一般来说，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。
所以掌握了一些基本的词汇和词缀，我们就可以猜测出很多词的意义。
（二）根据语境判断词义这是提高阅读速度和理解率必备的判断断词义的能力。
语境可能是一个句子、几个句子、甚至一个段落或通篇文章。
我们可分别将其称为小语境、中语境和大语境。
1.小语境(1)定义式常用的词有：be,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,be c alled,define,represent,refer to等。
例1：Mark Twain was not the author‘s real name;it w as a pseudonym.例2：Mechanized farming means the use of modern m achinery on farms.(2)例举式常用词有：for example,for instance,such as,like等。
例1：Newly-married young people often spend some o f their money on appliances,for instance,washing-machines,r efrigerators and televisions.例2：Doctors suggest that everyone should exercise ev ery day,especially those who do sedentary work，like readi ng,typing and sewing.(3)重述式常用词有：and,or,similarly,that is(to say),in other words, namely,say,i.e.等例1：Red had the longest wavelength;that is,the distan ce between each wave is longest in redlight than in any ot her color.例2：The football player was penalized for his rudene ss and the punishment was a good lesson for him.(4)同位语构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。
高考英语提升课堂：掌握猜词“特技”提高阅读能力
高考英语提升课堂：掌握猜词“特技”提高阅读能力生词是我们阅读的“拦路虎”，有些同学一般会通过查阅词典来弄清词义，这个习惯固然不错，可是这样会严重影响阅读速度，若是在考试这也是不被允许的。
其实，阅读理解中的许多“生词”都是我们平时常见的熟词通过派生、合成、加词缀、转化这几种方式形成的。
我们完全可灵活地运用猜词技巧，联系上下文得出意思。
下面就向大家介绍几种行之有效的猜词方法和技巧，提高大家的阅读效率。
[构词法]构词法是同学们应该掌握的语法项目之一，平时我们在进行阅读训练时，应加强对构词法知识的掌握，熟悉常见词缀的含义及派生、合成、转化法的特点，从而确定所构成的新词的词性和含义。
1. Our soldiers won a decisive victory in the battle. （决定性的）2. That country is underdeveloped and the living standard of the people is rather low. （欠发达的）3. Colourful wall-paper would brighten up the room. （照亮）4. With their shining brown eyes，wagging tails，and unconditional love，dogs can provide the nonjudgemental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.初看起来，unconditional和nonjudgemental非常陌生，但细心观察，前者是condition 加前缀un、后缀al而成，意为“无条件的；绝对的”；后者是judge加前缀non、后缀ment 和al而成，意为“没有判断力的”。
[同义词/近义词]在阅读中遇到生词，除了运用构词知识来推测词义外，还可以利用该生词所处的上下文中与它同义的单词或短语来推测词义。
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧
英语高考猜词策略猜测词义在英语高考中起到至关重要的作用，以下几种策略在英语学习中经常应用，才能潜移默化地让学生们掌握更多的词汇。
一.定义法1. It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，that is (to say), in other words，be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示二.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等1 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence2. …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工三.根据同义词，反义词关系1. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.2. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.3. In many nations there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth．小结:and ,or ,such as, like，for example, for instance常连接同义词组。
词汇题猜词方法总结
词汇题猜词方法总结猜词方法：一：依据构词法猜词，根据后缀猜词性, 根据常用词缀判断含义Eg: His life is different now, but he remains influential.A.ImportantB. ProblematicC. AmbitioousD. Promising解析：influential是由influent 加后缀-ial变过来的，与词根意思相近，词性变化为adj.二：利用上下文线索猜词义1.根据文中出现的同义、反义词猜词猜词义Eg: The animals, or their parts, are often used as trophies, special foods, and exotic medicines. A.Unusual B. Distant C. Effective D. Expensive解析：该句为并列结构，前后表达的意思是一致的，所以，exotic 与special的意思相近，所以选unusual.2.根据上下文句义，段义猜词Eg: The robotic arm grabs for the food before the monkey does.A. ThrowB. SnatchsC. AttacksD. Steals解析：grab的主语是arm，因此可以推测出该动作是“握住”的意思。
三：根据定义解释猜词Extreme sports are new kinds of sports. They include bungee jumping, certain kinds of bicycle riding, and skateboarding.A. TameB. SoberC. IntenseD. Boring解析：根据后边举的例子包含的内容可以判断出来”extreme sports”是“极限运动”的意思。
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧导语：阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
下面就由小编为大家介绍高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧，大家一起去学习吧！猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
这种题常见的提问方式有：The word “…” in paragraph … can best be replaced by … ….The underlined word “…” most probably means ….By saying “…”, the author means …The expression “…” is closest to …According to the passage, the phrase “…” suggests …The underlined part “… …” (in Para. … ) means …..做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。
因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。
猜测词义时，一般可利用以下三个方面的线索：一．针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1．根据定义（definition）猜测词义如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
高中英语阅读理解中猜词题的解题技巧
高中英语阅读理解猜词题的解题技巧摘要：本文针对高中阅读理解中的猜词题介绍了几种做题方法，并列举了一些实例进行了分析。
关键词：猜词题猜词义做题方法在英语学习中，我们会遇到许多生词。
这时，也不必立即翻阅字典。
我们可以利用语境，根据前后词、句子、以及相关信息推测、判断生词的词义。
高中英语阅读理解题中，我们经常碰到猜测词义的题型。
在做这类题时，我们可以利用以下一些方法：一根据解释猜词义在文章中，作者为了更好的表达思想，对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等要进行进一步的更明确的解释。
这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，我们可以利用它们比较容易地猜出词义。
1、根据定义猜测词义如果句子或段落是生词的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是词语的含义。
例如：The rooster is the national emblem of France thanks to a wordplay: the Latin word meaning coq ,or rooster. rooster 其实是对coq解释，因此两者的意思都为cock。
2、根据同位语、定语猜测词义虽然同位语、定语不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。
例如，同位语in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.此例中，我们不难看出an endangered wild cat是ocelot 的同位语，也不难看出ocelot的意思。
在构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。
又如Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day ,an extremely exciting horserace.从an exciting horserace ,towards the evening ,of the opening day 等判断，应该是首日的最后一场的压台戏出场了。
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The city government has decided to have the main streets _______. C
A. wide C. widened
B. widen D. widing
With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET) unconditional: 无条件的，绝对的 nonjudgmental: 没有判断力的
weightlifting
…Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …
二、合成法（Compounding）
把两个或两个以上独立的词合成 一个新词。
highway
waiting-room kind-hearted
However, most of our ideas about the futures are really very short-sighted, perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years.
派生法（Derivation）
able unable; teach teacher
合成法(Compounding)
space+ship 构词法
visit v.
spaceship
visit n. DIY
转化法（Conversion）
缩略法（Abbreviation）
Do it yourself.
由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀 （suffix）构成新词。
Never trouble trouble until
trouble troubles you.
四、缩略法（ Abbreviation ）
DV
Digital Video
Most Valuable Player Save Our Ship World Wide Web
MVP
SOS WWW
1…It would be easy for someone to
trans-
change
B.To translate from one part to another
transplant 移植 C.To move from one part of the body to transport
another D.To change one form to another.
Some important suffixes:
-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, able, -less, -en等 sharpen a pencil sharp adj. sharpen v. __________________ strengthen strength bright
So when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths, and think of something that gives you pleasure…Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who upsets you.(2004NMET)
目光短浅的
For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.
生死攸关的
Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a daydreaming student down-to-earth.
一、派生法（Derivation） undisinimmisnon-
否定前缀
understand polite smoker agree fair visible
Some important prefixes: Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep? 1. over- : too much overwork , overeat The trains are ____________ overcrowded on Friday evenings. above sth; across(crowded) overcoat, overhead
honest or practical 实事求是，脚踏实地
三、转化法（ Conversion ）
He is a man with broad shoulders.
由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。
n.
We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time. v. take/bear
2….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.
adj. 可回收利用的
3…. Another myth about eyes is that they
can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain… The word “transplant” probably means? A.To transport from one place to another
What does the word “shopl小偷
Word Formation B.shoplifter 商店里的推销员
构词法
C.商店里的老客户 D.商店里的搬运工 lifter n. 小偷
巧用构词法原则帮助解答
阅读理解中的猜测词义题
mispresent himself on line because you can’t see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.
What does the word “mispresent ” mean?
The word “nonrecyclables” probably means?
A.nonrecycling papers recycle v. 使再循环，回收利用
recyclable
B.things that can not be recycled
C.anything can be recycled nonrecyclable n. 不能回收利用的东西 D.recyclable things
The WTO is an international organization. 3. interbetween
internet interchange intercommunicate
He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely. 2.en- 动词前缀 enable, endanger, Reading can ______ enrich your life.(rich)
A.Making a wrong judgment about missth. is done wrong or badly
B.Understanding somebody wrongly
present vt. describe
C.Giving a wrong description of D.Forming a wrong opinion about
运输，交通
When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word Formation to help us, but the context(上下文，语境) is also very important.
Thank you!