高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题 附答案
高考英语阅读理解专项指导—猜测词义1
作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去 解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字 意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句 或者同一段落中。
also
有害的 adj.
At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank. 资金 n.
e.g.. Although the early morning ———— had been very cool, the noonday —— sun was tropical. hot 热的
Unlike Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome handsome man, John is quite homely． “homely” means “ ugly ”.
Can you guess the meanings of the following words?
superman (超人) nonnatural (非自然的) homeless (无家可归的) rebuild (重建) microwave (微波)
informal (非正式的) mispronounce
In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.
一片混乱
技巧 3 Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、
2019新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
高考英语复习：阅读理解词义猜测题
高考英语复习：阅读理解词义猜测题[层级一真题题组]A(2018·北京卷，D)Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self－driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world.Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self－driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self－driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted，isn't leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how self－driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self－driving vehicles.They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self－driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride－hailing(叫车)services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol－powered private cars worldwide with electric，self－driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride－hailing services，considering the cost of self－driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题)．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more peoplebecome comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car－controlled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。
高考英语-2019年高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜测类(含解析)
2019高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜测类（含解析）一、阅读理解1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Xinhua News—The Beijing government has set out to recruit thousands of university graduates to work as junior officials in rural areas to both improve rural administration and ease the city's employment problems.The government plans to recruit 3,000 university graduates this year, 1,000 more than last year, to work as assistants to village heads or party secretaries in suburban areas.People interested in jobs in Beijing's rural villages and towns can send applications to Beijing Municipal Bureau of Personnel or log on to from February 1 through March 15.“We hope university graduates will seize this opportunity to use their knowledge in rural villages and to start their career s,” Sun Zhenyu, the Deputy Director of Beijing Personnel Bureau, told Xinhua News Agency.The government has promised successful candidates a monthly salary of 2,000 Yuan in the first year, 2,500 Yuan the second year and 3,000 the third year, provided their performance is up to the required standards, Sun said.Wang Lina, who graduated from Beijing Union University last year, was one of the first graduates to find work in the city's countryside. After majoring in Industrial and Commercial Administration, Wang served as the assistant to the village head of Ertiaojie Village in suburban Beijing's Pinggu District. For one project, Wang contacted people at Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences and arranged for the local farmers to receive training in strawberry planting. Her efforts paid off. The village had a plentiful harvest of organic strawberries earlier this year.Nationwide, about 150,000 university graduates found employment in rural areas last year, according to the figures provided by the Ministry of Education.The ministry predicts that 4.95 million students will graduate from universities across the country this year, 820,000 more than last year. About 1.4 million of them are unlikely to find jobs when they graduate. In Beijing, a record of 200,000 people are expected to graduate from university this year. Less than half of them are expected to be offered jobs, according to Beijing Personnel Bureau.（1）From the story of Wang Lina we can learn that _________.A. Wang had great difficulty in helping villagers plant organic strawberriesB. local farmers can get big harvests if they work together with herC. the sooner you go to the countryside, the sooner you will be successfulD. university graduate can realize their value no matter where they work（2）The underlined word “recruit” in the first paragraph probably means ________.A. forceB. employC. encourageD. train（3）The last two paragraphs seem to tell us that ________.A. it is not easy for graduates to find jobs nowadaysB. more and more graduates will work as junior officialsC. the universities should not enroll so many studentsD. there are more and more jobs provided by the Ministry of Education（4）Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. The Government's Help for University GraduatesB. A Good Choice for University GraduatesC. Job Hunting for University GraduatesD. What is the Best Career?2.阅读理解Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!（1）Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin's chicken house regularly?A. To earn some money for the family.B. To collect manure for his crops.C. To get rid of the terrible smell.D. To set a good example to us.（2）What can we infer about Dad's stew?A. It is popular among the neighbors.B. It contains honey and vegetables.C. It looks very wonderful.D. It tastes quite delicious.（3）What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?A. To attract.B. To upset.C. To air.D. To shut.（4）What can we learn about Dad form the text?A. He is an experienced cook.B. He is a troublesome father.C. He has a positive attitude to life.D. He suffers a lot from his disability.3.阅读理解I've never been the ki nd of person to say, “it's the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew me away.For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and 1 raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children's growth.Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (舞会礼服). She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (手印), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.（1）The underlined phrase in Para. I “blew me away" probably means “”.A. attracted meB. surprised meC. accepted meD. refused me （2）What does the house really mean to the author?A. A house.B. Buildings.C. An object.D. Memories. （3）What surprised the friends I know after work?A. Finding the wall repainted.B. Erasing the fingerprints.C. Greeting them by tears.D. Leaving the wall unfinished（4）What is the best title for the text?A. Gift Made with LoveB. Buildings Made by ChildrenC. A Very Wonderful PaintingD. A Family History4.阅读理解Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasantyellow color on the door . If they are close to confessing（供认）a crime , the blue on the wall might tip the balance .Gwent Police have abandoned colors such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell （牢房）and have used color psychology to decorate them .Ystrad Mynach station , which recently opened at a cost of ￡5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia（幽闭恐怖症）. Designers have painted the frames yellow , which researchers say is a calming color . Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the color is likely to encourage truthfulness .The s tation has 31 cells , including 12 with a “live scan” system for drunken or disturbed prisoners , which detects the rise and fall of their chest . An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened .Designers and psychologists have worked for years on color . Blue is said to suggest trust , efficiency , duty , logic , coolness , thinking and calm . It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness . It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter , soft colors will calm the mind and aid concentration .Yellow is linked with confidence , self-respect and friendliness get the color wrong and it could cause fear , depression and anxiety , but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect .Ingrid Collins , a psychologist who specializes in the effects of color , said that color was an “ energy force ” . She said : “ Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication . ”Yellow , she said , affected the mind . Red , on the other hand , should never be considered because it could increase aggression . Mrs. Collins praised the designers for using colors in the cells . Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with color to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate , In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy .（1）The expression “ tip the balance ” in Paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might __________ .A. let suspects keep their balanceB. help suspects to confess their crimesC. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law courtD. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colors（2）Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing ?A. Scanning equipment .B. Royal blue lines .C. Glass doors .D. Yellow frames . （3）The passage is mainly concerned with __________ .A. the relationship between colors and psychologyB. a comparison of different functions of colorsC. the use of colors in cells to affect criminals' psychologyD. scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison5.阅读理解One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting.I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves.I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk.I admired the husband's patience for putting up with her continuous talk.Distracted by their noise,I moved on.I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art.Each time I heard her constant burst of words,I moved away quickly.I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit.Before they left,the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object.He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife's jacket.“He's a brave man.”The clerk at the counter said,”Most of us would give up if wewere blinded at such a young age.During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn't change. So, as before,he and his wife come in whenever there's a new art show.”“But what does he get out of the art?”I asked,“He can't see.”“Can't see?You're wrong.He sees a lot.More than you or I do.”The clerk said,“His wife describes each painting so he ca n see it in his head.”I learned something about patience,courage and love that day.I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life.And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.（1）The young couple were at an art museum ________.A. to discuss paintingsB. to show their loveC. to appreciate artD. to describe paintings（2）“I moved away quickly.”in Paragraph 3 shows that the writer ________.A. was in the hope of visiting more roomsB. was in a hurry to buy some giftsC. was not interested in the art showD. was tired of the nonstop talking（3）We can infer from the passage that the husband _________.A. couldn't stand his wifeB. was not born blindC. knew nothing about artD. completely depended on his wife（4）After hearing what the clerk had said about the couple,the writer was ________.A. touched（感动的）B. excitedC. encouragedD. annoyed（气恼的）6.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
高考英语大题精做04阅读理解词义猜测题(含解析)新人教
词义猜测题【题型突破】词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势,尤其是猜测词组、句意题.因为猜测词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点/态度等。
联系文章主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。
近几年命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力.【命题方式】1.The word/phrase＂…＂in the passage means _________.2。
The word/phrase＂…＂can be best replaced by _________。
3. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to _________?4.The word/phrase＂…＂probably refers to _________。
5.What does the underlined word/phrase＂…＂in the passage mean?词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断.熟练以下猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
猜词方法依据猜词方法依据定义有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
指代关系it,that,this，he，him,them可指上文提到的事、物、人。
有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
同位关系阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系进行猜测。
同义关系当词或短语之间有并列连词and，or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，从而推知其大致意Passage1（2017·新课标卷I ，D ）drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U 。
高中英语阅读理解猜测词意题word版
高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求：阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
2019年真题1. For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., toda y is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.“You can use me as a last re sort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talkabout the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage teamwork.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.（Paragraph 4）“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —they are central to its movem ent.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China —some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs — and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.26. What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing againstBy the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton createcolourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.43. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. Beneficial.C. Significant.D. Unnoticeable.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park —2.2 million acres —was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across — much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.60. What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean?A. Hot-air balloon.B. Digital camera.C. Big photograph.D. Bird’s view.Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stopfunctioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote (《堂吉诃德》) . And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to th e top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about peo ple who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. End one’s struggle for liberty.B. W aste one’s energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took,” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the boardwere singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip (片段) shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.24. What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?A. Money spent without hesitation.B. Money not legally made.C. Money offered without conditions.D. Money not tied together.2020年1月浙江卷Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wol f in a game of “Little Red Riding H ood” with my brother’s two daughters. She’d just look up at the right time, long enough to answer —in character —“The better to eat you with, my dear,” and go back to her place in the magazine article.22. What do the underlined words “this feeling” refer to in the last paragraph?A. Desire to read.B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.C. Interest in games.D. Fear of the library rules.2018年之前高考英语真题1.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.2. Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.3. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope.C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire.4. This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.The underlined word “hoist”in Paragraph 4 means“________”．A．change B．liftC．repair D．decorate5. Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,_ one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．Countries where their people need help.B．Powerful states with higher civilization.C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D．Governments ruled with absolute power.6. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light .Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily.The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________．A．silently B．graduallyC．regularly D．completely7. My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didn’t get any channels showing all night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?_______ A．ended all their programsB．provided fewer channelsC．changed to commercialsD．showed allnight movies真题短文读一读A man’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _________ in thi s text.A. honorB. endangerC. proudD. shameThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word “banished” mean_______.A. killed by stoningB. sent awayC. imprisonedD. punished by whippingAlthough he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize hisfuture.The word “jeopardize” means _____ in this text.A. protectB. endangerC. continueD. stopIt was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.A. varietyB. divisionC. authorityD. qualificationThe link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----isimportant. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?A. Quick to reactB. Having a thin edgeC. Clear and definiteD. sudden and rapidIn fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.70. What does the underlined expression "take on" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Accept.B. Employ.C. Play with.D. Fight against.Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A. Swallow more than you can digest.B. Act slightly above your abilities.C. Develop more mysterious powers.D. Learn to make creative decisions.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, amagazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important i t is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They had little respect for their grandparents.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories.I took it home and planted it in the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son’s friends will ask what it is. So I started stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He missed the good old days.B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He planted flowers in it.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”27. What does the u nderlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to ?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification number.He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.63.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to the father’s ____.A. weak heartB. taking a shore jobC. failure to return to seaD. injury caused by a torpedo…… Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest（投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribution what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline（减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.73. The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “”.A. appointmentB. connectionC. interviewD. agreementThere are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain hope. (白日梦)C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's _______.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories高考英语阅读理解猜测词意参考答案2019年真题1. For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining darkeyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whisperin g support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.25.猜词题。
高考英语阅读理解 词义猜测
词义猜测知识摘要一、高考阅读理解词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式1. The word “…” refers to/ probably means ________.2. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ________.3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4. By saying “…” we mean ________.5. “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?考点梳理一、利用指代关系猜测找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。
连读前、后段落，主要看前面的句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。
二、利用定义语猜测对于某个陌生词，作者一般会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。
这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。
线索词有that, which, is等。
三、利用定语或同位语猜测通常引出同位语的词有or, that is, in other words等，还有以括号或破折号的形式出现。
在这些标记词后较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
四、利用文章中的举例猜测根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。
五、利用对比或比较的词语猜测运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，可以暗示出生词的含义。
这类词主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast to等。
标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
六、利用构词法猜测分析复合词，从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。
2019高考英语阅读理解专题词义猜测类(含解析)
2021 高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜想类〔含解析〕2021 高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜想类〔含解析〕一、阅读理解1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Xinhua News—The Beijing government has set out to recruit thousands of university graduates to work as junior officials in rural areas to both improve rural administration and easethe city's employment problems.The government plans to recruit 3,000 university graduates this year, 1,000 more than lastyear, to work as assistants to village heads or party secretaries in suburban areas.People interested in jobs in Beijing's rural villages and towns can send applications to BeijingMunicipal Bureau of Personnel or log on to from February 1 through March 15.“ Wehope university graduates will seize this opportunity to use their knowledge in ruralvillages and to start their careers, 〞 Sun Zhenyu, the Deputy Director of Beijing Personnel Bureau, told Xinhua News Agency.The government has promised successful candidates a monthly salary of 2,000 Yuan in thefirst year, 2,500 Yuan the second year and 3,000 the third year, provided their performance is upto the required standards, Sun said.Wang Lina, who graduated from Beijing Union University last year, was one of the first graduatesto find work in the city's countryside. After majoring in Industrial and Commercial Administration,Wang served as the assistant to the village head of Ertiaojie Village in suburban Beijing's PingguDistrict. For one project, Wang contacted people at Beijing Academy of Agricultural and ForestrySciences and arranged for the local farmers to receive training in strawberry planting. Her effortspaid off. The village had a plentiful harvest of organic strawberries earlier this year.Nationwide, about 150,000 university graduates found employment in rural areas last year,according to the figures provided by the Ministry of Education.The ministry predicts that 4.95 million students will graduate from universities across the countrythis year, 820,000 more than last year. About 1.4 million of them are unlikely to find jobs when they graduate. In Beijing, a record of 200,000 people are expected to graduate from university this year.Less than half of them are expected to be offered jobs, according to Beijing Personnel Bureau.〔1〕 From the story of Wang Lina we can learn that _________.A. Wang had great difficulty in helping villagers plant organic strawberriesB. local farmerscan get big harvests if they work together with herC. the sooner you go to the countryside, the sooner you will be successfulD. universitygraduate can realize their value no matter where they work（2〕 The underlined word “recruit 〞 in the first paragraph probablyeansm ________.2021 高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜想类〔含解析〕（3〕 The last two paragraphs seem to tell us that ________.A. it is not easy for graduates to find jobs nowadaysB. more and more graduates will work as junior officialsC. the universities should not enroll so many studentsD. there are more and more jobs provided by the Ministry of Education（4〕 Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. The Government's Help for University GraduatesB. A Good Choice for University GraduatesC. Job Hunting for University GraduatesD. What is the Best Career?2.阅读理解Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farmin the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees andeven kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell,Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, justone of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For abouthalf an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, thepot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just howbad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!（1〕 Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin's chicken house regularly?A. To earn some money for the family.B. To collect manure for his crops.C. To get rid of the terrible smell.D. To set a good example to us.（2〕 What can we infer about Dad's stew?A. It is popular among the neighbors.B. It contains honey and vegetables.C. It looks very wonderful.D. It tastes quite delicious.〔3〕 What does the underlined word“offend〞in the last paragraph mean?2019高考英语阅读理解专题词义猜测类(含解析)2021 高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜想类〔含解析〕A. To attract.B. To upset.C. To air.D. To shut.（4〕 What can we learn about Dad form the text?A. He is an experienced cook.B. He is a troublesome father.C. He has a positive attitude to life.D. He suffers a lot from his disability.3.阅读理解I've never been the kind of person to say,“ it's the thought that counts〞 when it comes t That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew me away.For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and 1 raisedour kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of mychildren's growth.Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date they weremeasured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardestto leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall ofheights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, buterasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways,but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when Imoved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (舞会礼服).She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of thehundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (手印 ), and old marks. Somehow, shemanaged to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photostogether into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of thepencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.〔1〕 The underlined phrase in Para. I“blew me away" probably means〞.“A. attracted meB. surprised meC. accepted meD. refused me（2〕 What does the house really mean to the author?A. A house.B. Buildings.C. An object.D. Memories.（3〕 What surprised the friends I know after work?A. Finding the wall repainted.B. Erasing the fingerprints.C. Greeting them by tears.D. Leaving the wall unfinished（4〕 What is the best title for the text?A. Gift Made with LoveB. Buildings Made by ChildrenC. A Very Wonderful PaintingD. A Family History4.阅读理解Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow color on the door . If they are close to confessing〔供认〕a crime , the blue on the wall might tip the balance .Gwent Police have abandoned colors such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell 〔牢房〕 and have used color psychology to decorate them .Ystrad Mynach station , which recently opened at a cost of￡5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia〔幽闭恐怖症〕. Designers have painted the frames yellow , which researchers say is a calming color . Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the color is likely to encourage truthfulness .The station has 31 cells , including 12 with a “ livescan 〞system for drunken or disturbed prisoners , which detects the rise and fall of their chest . An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened .Designers and psychologists have worked for years on color . Blue is said to suggest trust , efficiency , duty , logic , coolness , thinking and calm . It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness . It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter , soft colorswill calm the mind and aid concentration .Yellow is linked with confidence , self-respect and friendliness get the color wrong and it could cause fear , depression and anxiety , but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect .Ingrid Collins , a psychologist who specializes in the effects of color , said that color was an “energy force 〞 .She said : “Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication .〞Yellow , she said , affected the mind . Red , on the other hand , should never be considered because it could increase aggression . Mrs. Collins praised the designers for using colors in thecells . Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with color to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate , In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy .〔1〕 The expression“ tip the balance〞in Paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might __________ .A. let suspects keep their balanceB. help suspects to confess their crimesC. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law courtD. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colors（2〕 Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing ?A. Scanning equipment .B. Royal blue lines .C. Glass doors .D. Yellow frames .（3〕 The passage is mainly concerned with __________ .A. the relationship between colors and psychologyB. a comparison of different functionsof colorsC. the use of colors in cells to affect criminals' psychologyD. scientific ways to helpcriminals reform themselves in prison5.阅读理解One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish abusiness meeting.I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk.I admired the husband'spatience for putting up with her continuous talk.Distracted by their noise,I moved on.I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art.Each time I heardher constant burst of words,I moved away quickly.I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couplecame near to the exit.Before they left,the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a whiteobject.He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get hiswife's jacket.“ He's a brave man.〞The clerk at the counter said,〞Most of us would give up if wewere blinded at such a young age.During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn't change. So, asbefore,he and his wife come in whenever there's a new art show.〞“ But what does he get out of the art?〞I asked,“ He can't see.〞“ Can'tsee?You're wrong.He sees a lot.More than you or I do. 〞 Theclerk said, “ Hiswifedescribes each painting so he can see it in his head.〞I learned something about patience,courage and love that day.I saw the patience of a young wifedescribing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allowblindness to change his life.And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walkaway hand in hand.（1〕 The young couple were at an art museum ________.A. to discuss paintingsB. to show their loveC. to appreciate artD. to describe paintings（2〕“I moved away quickly. 〞in Paragraph 3 shows that the writer ________.A. was in the hope of visiting more roomsB. was in a hurry to buy some giftsC. was not interested in the art showD. was tired of the nonstop talking（3〕 We can infer from the passage that the husband _________.A. couldn't stand his wifeB. was not born blindC. knew nothing about artD. completely depended on his wife（4〕 After hearing what the clerk had said about the couple,the writer was ________.A. touched 〔感动的〕B. excitedC. encouragedD. annoyed 〔气恼的〕6.阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、 B、C 和 D〕中，选出最正确选项。
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1 阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。 【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。） 等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。 eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈） for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？ （C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food 2
二．利用例证猜测语义 某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。 eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. ____期刊_______ 2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles. （几何） Exercises: 1. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons（武器） and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. ____投降_______ 2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol（酒精）, on the skin. ____杀菌剂_______ 3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts. ___装饰物________ Test The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices –--- deluxe sedans，minivans，station wagons，coaches，Santana sedans are the big favorite. 56 The words “deluxe sedans”，“minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refers to _______. （C） A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers 三．利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义 （1）利用反义关系推测语义 有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有 although, but, however, whereas（反之）,nevertheless（然而，不过），on the contrary, in contrast（相对）, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead（of）, rather than 等。 （2）利用同义关系推测语义 通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：or, like, similarly等。 eg.1. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism （乐观主义） can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast（相反）, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. ___悲观主义__ 2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly（相同地） loquacious. ____多话的，唠叨的 Exercises: 1. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck remains grubby. ____肮脏的__ 2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous. _____同种的，相似的______ 3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.静态的，稳定的 4. He replied（答复） quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted（后悔） having made such a hasty decision. ___匆忙的，轻率的_____ 5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy（美味），we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. ____生的，未加工的___ Test 1 The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we knew that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy. （1）The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means_____ （C） A. form B. condition C. pain D. sadness Test 2 The hot-air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork（软木塞） in water.