(完整word版)高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧

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高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨猜测单词或短语的含义

高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨猜测单词或短语的含义

高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中,应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。

每年高考英语试题中,猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型,因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。

常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类:语境法和构词法。

下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。

1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义,这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。

常用的语境法有:①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。

用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。

有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语(从句)或定语(从句)来表示的。

例1:(2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇,保留原题号,下同)...Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。

新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)

新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)

新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略高考考情分析解读:词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断,也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断,既可以是生词生义,也可以是熟词新义,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看,词义猜测题一般有1-2题。

考查相对比较稳定,但难度略有增加,需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

在词义猜测题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

2016年全国卷设问形式例子:(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to?(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有:The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”.What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构:代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附:典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力,这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。

高中英语阅读理解技巧之词义猜测题

高中英语阅读理解技巧之词义猜测题
According to the short passage,the word“robust”,probably means________. A. strange B.weak
√C. Strong D. interesting
What skills have we learnt?
1.通过对比和比较找出反义词,近义词 来猜测词义(synonym,antonym)
脆的
4.定义法
解题技巧四:
根据 定义(definition)来猜 测词义
常用提示词:that is,be defined as, be known as , be called, mean 等.
skill4
1.) The young man was bashful that he did not dare to speak to the pretty girl.
英语阅读理解技巧之 词义猜测题
(word-guessing)
Lead-in(导入)
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有:
1)The underlined word / phrase in the passage means ____.
2)The word "it / them"in the first paragraph refers to ____.
2.根据因果关系猜测词义(cause and effect)
3.根据 定义来猜测词义(definition)
4.根据 构词法:前缀、后缀来猜测词义
5.根据 列举的事例来猜测词义 (example)
6.通过上下文语境来猜测词义(context)
1. When Andrea Peterson did her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies .

高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧得阅读者得天下。

要想在高考中得到高分,就必须提高阅读理解的得分率。

词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的必考题型,而且利用文章所提供的语境来猜测生词的含义是阅读的必备技能之一。

跟着店铺一起来看如何破解这类题吧!【高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧】词义猜测能力是一项重要的英语阅读技能,同时也是上海高考英语卷对考生阅读能力进行检测的一个重要方面。

综观近几年的上海高考英语阅读理解题,我们可以发现,词义猜测的命题形式大体有以下三个层面:1.猜测一个单词的语境意义,如(上海高考66题):What does the word “epic” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?2.猜测一个词组的含义,如(上海高考66题):According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who...3.对具体语境下的特定句子的猜测,如(上海高考73题):By saying “It could be your grandchildren’s stamp”, Mr Saunders means that forever stamps...【解题技巧】1. 利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义在生词所出现的上下文中,有时会出现与之同义、近义或反义的词语或语句,此时可以通过熟悉的词语以及它们之间的关系来推知生词在文段中的含义。

2. 利用定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读中的生词,尤其是新闻报道及科普类文章中的生词,往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子。

常见的提示词(语)有to be, to do, that is, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, inother words等,有时也以同位语(从句)、定语从句的形式出现,或用破折号、括号来引出。

高考英语阅读理解解题指导:破解猜测词义题

高考英语阅读理解解题指导:破解猜测词义题

高考英语阅读理解解题指导:破解猜测词义题猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一,近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。

词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查,还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。

除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中,总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围,但又没有附加注释,而需要考生猜测,这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。

1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中,作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。

常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。

通过阅读定义或解释部分,读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。

【考例1】(2022年全国乙卷,C篇)29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析:原文:That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释,故推测maintenance是“维护,保养”的意思,C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。

2025届高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题策略及真题练习+课件

2025届高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题策略及真题练习+课件

3. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty
B. passive C. protective D. energetic
Practice 根据上下文语境推断词义。
4. At first, Gao was a hardworking and honest man who sells fish to make a
1. Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
adj.健谈的
同义或近义 synonym or near-synonym
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的 意 思 。 常 见 信 号 词 (clues) : and, or, also, as...as, just as, similarly等
原因:because,as,since(因为),for(因为) 结果:so,thus,as a result , therefore, so that …
8.The museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. adj. 大的
利用对比或转折的信号词,然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。 常见信号词/词组有:but, yet(然而), despite(尽管), however, while(但是), unfortunately(不幸地), on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), in contrast, instead of, rather than, not as…as, not the same as…等

英语阅读理解题型解题技巧猜测词义

英语阅读理解题型解题技巧猜测词义
Seeking help
When encountering difficulties, you can seek help from teachers, classmates, or by consulting relevant materials.
01
02
03
THANKS
感谢观看
Regular practice
Conduct reading comprehension exercises regularly to improve problem-solving speed and accuracy.
Reflection and Summary
Timely summarize problem-solving experience and methods, reflect on the reasons for mistakes, and avoid repeating mistakes.
Summary word
Before guessing the meaning of a word, the first step is to determine the scope of its meaning in the text, and to determine the specific meaning of the word in a sentence or paragraph through context and contextual clues.
Detailed description
Summary
Analyzing contextual clues
Detailed description
Contextual clues are an important basis for guessing word meanings, including sentence structure, grammatical relationships, synonyms or antonyms, punctuation marks, etc. By analyzing these clues, the meaning of vocabulary can be inferred.

超实用高考英语复习:阅读理解微技能之词义猜测(原题版)

超实用高考英语复习:阅读理解微技能之词义猜测(原题版)

阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。

总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1.单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。

具体技巧如下:(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。

阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。

(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。

当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时,其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,进而可推知其大致意思。

(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。

在英语中,有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀,从而构成另外一个词,乍看起来,这个词可能是新词,但掌握一定的构词知识,就不难猜出它的词义了。

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高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型,一种是推测某个生词的具体含义,是生词含义题;另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义,是代词指称题。

这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。

下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。

对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题,首先要着眼单词或短语本身,分析单词或短语的构成,分析其构词法,词根词缀,派生关系等信息,推测它的大概含义。

对于猜测句子的含义,有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。

有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义,但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀,特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义,而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。

高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下:根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词,可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。

《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中,因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。

1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析:anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的,anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”,由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。

2. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems thatmore and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析:simplified跟simple是同根词,带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。

许多年以前我们采用了什么跟“简单”有关的汉字呢?不难想到是“简化的”汉字。

利用上下文语境线索任何一篇文中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。

利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,这也是近年来高考考查的热点。

例如:1. Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. “We’ve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The underlined wore “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______.A. storyB. collectionC. inspirationD. foreign coin分析:本题正确答案为D。

由原文中的Euro(欧元,欧洲统一货币)可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。

2. In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical 17th century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit people’s imagination.分析:本题正确答案为B。

从短文中对Fermat’s Last Theorem一书的介绍中有the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds一句,句中两个并列的谓语动词baffled 和beaten ,意义相同,加强语气,从beat的本意就可以猜测出baffled 为“使(某人)困惑,难倒”。

3. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng’s deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.42. The underlined word “donation” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.A. invitation to give a speechB. something, especially given to help othersC. questions asked by interviewersD. chances to be a hero分析:由本段可以看出:洪家里很穷,但他拒绝别人对他的“donation”,他说他很感谢人们好心的馈赠,但他能够靠打工的钱来养活自己和妹妹,由此可以判断出donation和后文的offer,是近义词,也是馈赠之意。

因此选B。

利用定义和解释性线索阅读文中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词,往往在其后有对该词进行解释方明性的短语或句子,如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words等,有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现,或用破折号、括弧来表示。

留心阅读就可以断定它们的意思。

例如:1. The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory.分析:根据句意,maladies of the institutionalized应和后面的解释意思相同,综合后面的内容可得知其意为:“(老年)综合症”。

2. Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (军用物资),while others carried only passengers.分析:such as 后所列举物品均属“货物”,由此推断cargo的意思与之相同,和后句中的passengers形成对比。

3. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould (霉菌)so that they can get penicillin (青霉素)from it in order to make antibiotics, that is , substances that kill germs.分析:从that is 后的解释可看出antibiotics 是一种能杀死细菌的物质(抗生素)。

4. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.分析:从marine biology 后的同位语可知,marine biology是一门研究海洋动植物及其关系的学科。

5. -Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.分析:从后面的定语从句解释可看出,shoplifter为在“商店里偷东西的人”。

利用因果关系因果关系的语境,通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such… that…等连词体现。

1. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page.jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. Empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.What does the word “jazz” mean in the following sentence?Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.A. Rhythmic beats.B. A type of music.C. A kind of dance.D. Meaningless talk.分析:本题正确答案为D。

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